WEBVTT

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Previously on Life… You look at the
participation levels, it\'s the women.

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You look at the majority of the members
of the saving schemes they are women.

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Perhaps the most important thing is ensuring
that all women are properly educated.

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We need to stand up, we
need to organize ourselves,

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and start to be part and parcel
of the economy of this country.

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[music]

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In this small village in the North of Ghana,
things are changing in ways you wouldn\'t expect.

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The process begins by simply
drawing lines in the dust.

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Pioneered by communities like this, it\'s a radical
approach to learning that\'s taking root across the globe.

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It\'s villagers like Sanatu who are
at the forefront of the movement.

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She\'s involved in Reflect, a participatory
way of learning for adults.

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This film explores the impact
on Sanatu\'s daily life.

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I have eight children.

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We live happily together with my husband,

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his two other wives and my mother-in-law.
I\'m a trader,

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I sell things like soap and cosmetics.

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Before I got involved with the
Reflect group I felt out of touch

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with the world around me but
now I\'m learning so much.

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[non-English narration]

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The Reflect way of learning doesn\'t bring
in textbooks from outside. Instead,

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everything\'s created by the participants themselves.
Here they\'re drawing a chart on the ground to work out

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the difference between the way
men and women spend their time.

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How many hours are there from dawn to dusk?

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Stones on the chart show the hour. The next two columns
show what women and men are doing at that time of day.

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Can someone choose a symbol for women?

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[sil.]

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No, I don\'t want the brush
to symbolize woman.

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Now we have two objects to represent woman.

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Which one shall we use?

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This one?

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The wooden hoe symbolizes
man, do you agree?

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Which do you want to use to represent

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\"man\" on our chart?

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At 7 am

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what do women do?

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[sil.]

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What\'s that?

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It\'s a cooking pot

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[sil.]

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Speaking out in front of men
used to make me nervous

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but now I\'m in the Reflect group I have
more confidence in my own point of view.

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[sil.]

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Sanatu is one of the 900 million
adults across the world

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who don\'t know how to read or write, who\'ve
been failed by conventional education.

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In contrast to most literacy
classes for adults,

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Reflect takes a much broader view of
learning, using the participants\'

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own experience and knowledge
as the starting-point.

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At three o\'clock, us men
go to the mosque to pray.

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In this Muslim village it\'s traditional
for women and men to be segregated.

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It\'s a radical step for them
even to sit together to study.

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What are the women doing at 3 o\'clock?

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The women are resting.

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Show us the hour when you rest.

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[sil.]

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No we\'re still working. This
is a symbol of our work.

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[non-English narration]

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So there are times when women are working
and men are resting. Why is that?

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[sil.]

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Us men deserve a rest, we grow the food,

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the women should cook it.

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The men could sweep their own areas?

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Why don\'t the men help collect firewood?
It\'s tedious.

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I think men should join in all the chores:
sweeping, fetching firewood, carrying water…

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[non-English narration]

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The men should come on their bicycles to fetch their lunch!
When we walk to the fields in the rain carrying their food

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we can slip in the mud.

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But if men do women\'s work,

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it doesn\'t look right -
people could laugh at us.

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Fetching water has always been women\'s work

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in this village but the discussions in the
Reflect group lead beyond words into action.

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Men can be seen doing tasks
they\'d never done before.

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[non-English narration]

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If other people see me fetching
water, they think it looks strange,

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but I don\'t let it bother me. In our
community, we\'re becoming more aware,

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we\'re learning how to help our wives.

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If anyone sees me helping my wife
at home they can\'t laugh at me.

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[non-English narration]

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My husband and the other
men in the Reflect group

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seem to be learning I see
some changes starting.

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Sometimes he helps when we gather firewood

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or he takes care of the children.

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When they see a husband
discussing things with his wife,

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some people say the man is hen-pecked.
In my family we are changing,

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though I can\'t say all the
neighbors think like us!

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[sil.]

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Hurry up!

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You shouldn\'t talk to me like that!
This wood is heavy, I\'m tired.

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I\'m tired too.

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This is too much for me, it\'s women\'s work.

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After all I do you women still don\'t appreciate
me, whatever I do, you still insult me

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and insult my ancestors.

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You\'re right, whatever you
do, I\'ll still insult you.

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I\'m doing my best,

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can\'t you see I\'m trying?

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[sil.]

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Take a pen. Take a card.

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Start drawing.

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[sil.]

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Making a chart of men and women\'s
workloads has a dual purpose.

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As well as changing ideas about whose job
it is to carry all the water and fuel,

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the chart is used as a tool to teach literacy and numeracy.
Learners copy the symbols they\'ve put on the ground

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onto card and paper as a stepping-stone
towards reading, writing

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and number work. They\'re
learning how to handle a pen,

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and they\'re introduced to the principle that
marks on paper can represent words and ideas.

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[sil.]

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For Sanatu, studying numbers
in the Reflect group

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has a direct impact on
her work as a trader.

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I used to buy my goods from a middleman,
and I didn\'t make much profit.

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Today I\'m going to the wholesaler in
town to find goods at a better price.

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I always had to ask my husband to buy
school uniforms for the children

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but now I\'m going to have
money to buy them myself.

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[non-English narration]

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As there\'s no bus service from the village,

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Sanatu has calculated that the cheapest
way to get to town is to share a taxi

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with other women going to
market to sell their produce.

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[music]

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Taking part in the Reflect group
has given Sanatu the skills

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and confidence to go out of her village
and buy direct from a wholesaler.

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Now she doesn\'t have to pay such high prices to traveling traders,
she can make more of a profit herself when she sells her goods.

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And getting to grips with numbers is
giving her more control over her business

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[music]

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[sil.]

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In Sanatu\'s small village there\'s no shop,

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villagers rely on traders like her for
anything they don\'t grow or make themselves.

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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Come and buy. How much are the pencils?

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A good price.

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[music]

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In Ghana, the Reflect group is part of a government
adult education program, but Ghana is only

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one of sixty countries across the world where people
are using the same approach to transform their lives.

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[sil.]

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Here, in the Eastern Ghats of India,

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Reflect reappears in a very different context.
The people who live in the ancient forest

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have started a group to fight for their
land rights. They\'re adopting Reflect

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as a tool to help them resist the threats
to their traditional livelihood.

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These indigenous people don\'t reject
links with the outside world,

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but they treasure a rich storehouse of knowledge
of wild plants and natural medicines,

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accumulated over thousands of years of
hunting and gathering in the forest.

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[music]

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Every morning Balamma renews the mud floor of her
home and her daughter decorates it with ash.

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Although the women create their daily artworks
with ash, school is beyond their reach,

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and the written word is a mystery to 80%
of the women in this part of India.

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[music]

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My name is Balamma, his name is Balraju.

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We had four daughters. One died,

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and now we have three.

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[non-English narration]

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We\'re a poor family. We don\'t own any land.
We live off the forest. How can we progress?

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Outsiders buy up our land, they\'re making money
and we\'re left at the bottom of the heap.

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God doesn\'t help us, He
seems to be on their side.

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[music]

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The villagers rely on their
native forest for survival

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and harvest wild plants and grow food crops on the
hills. But the arrival of commercial companies

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is disrupting this traditional balance.
They put pressure on farmers

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to abandon their ancestral ways, and
grow cash crops like cotton instead.

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They promise progress, but entering the cash economy
is leaving many families hungrier than ever.

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[sil.]

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I don\'t know what to do.

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I\'ve invested thousands
of rupees in this cotton

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but the harvest is bad, the crop
is failing. With all these pests,

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what will be left to harvest?
They\'ve eaten the whole thing.

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All my investment is going to waste.

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I don\'t know what to do,
the crop is all eaten up.

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[non-English narration]

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We lost everything.

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Who\'ll repay the loan?

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[non-English narration]

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The first year we made a good profit, on
one acre we made three thousand rupees.

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But this year the whole crop failed.

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[non-English narration]

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Balamma\'s family isn\'t the only one to run into
debt as a result of growing cash crops like cotton.

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The villagers come together
to discuss the problem

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in a meeting known as a Gotti. Gathering to
talk in the Gotti is a practice going back

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many generations. What\'s new is that
they\'re using the Reflect approach

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to make their discussions more concrete and more
participatory. Here they build a chart on the ground

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to work out how farming cotton compares
to growing traditional food crops.

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[non-English narration]

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Now we\'ll talk about cotton, our main crop.
This is a cotton plant.

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How many of us grew cotton this year?

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[non-English narration]

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Let\'s look at all the jobs
we have to do to farm cotton

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[music]

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The Gotti also uses theatre

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to underline just how much extra
work it takes to farm cotton.

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There are many ways to express yourself apart from words.
Reflect borrows freely from local drama and music.

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[music]

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The farmers act out all the
stages of growing cotton,

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from ploughing, to spraying, and feeding.

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[music]

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Now let\'s do some calculations. How much
did you make from cotton this year?

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After I repaid all my loans I was
left with a thousand rupees.

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All nine of your family worked so for seven
months\' work that\'s only 110 rupees each.

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[non-English narration]

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We made a loss farming cotton,
why should we plant it again?

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We had to borrow money to lease the land,

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and to buy pesticides. We
worked hard for so many months

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for such a low return.

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All our efforts were wasted,
we\'re left with nothing.

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So we\'ve decided to stop growing cotton and start
planting our traditional food crops again.

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[non-English narration]

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To grow traditional crops, farmers
need a reliable supply of seeds.

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The Gotti has found a
self-sufficient solution,

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a seed bank. For each kilo of seed Balamma borrows,
she\'ll return two kilos after the harvest.

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Keeping the seed bank records uses
new-found skills of reading and writing.

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We\'ve been talking about cotton.

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This is how you write the word cotton.

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They said they would also
teach us to read and write.

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I asked, why should I
learn to read and write?

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What good would it do me? Learning
new skills does help me communicate.

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So far my reading and writing aren\'t
perfect but I\'m learning to speak out

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and to ask questions. We used to run
away when strangers came to the village,

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now we have the confidence to face them.

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The written word becomes meaningful

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because it comes directly from the farmers\' own
active discussions of issues close to their hearts.

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Each Reflect group chooses
its own words to study,

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adapting the techniques to
whatever materials come to hand.

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A jigsaw puzzle made of the word cotton is a way
to learn to recognize the shapes of letters.

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[sil.]

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I have already learned to write my name.

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I\'m going to keep on learning.

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[non-English narration]

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I also learned to write my name,

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but I forgot. I have so much to do in
the fields and sometimes I get fever

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and have to go home and sleep.

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It\'s us women who work hardest.

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He gets up in the morning, brushes
his teeth and goes to the fields.

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I have to gather the firewood, decorate the floor,
make the porridge and then take it to the field.

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We eat there, and then we both
work on the crops till 3 o\'clock.

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When we come back home I don\'t sit down,

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I have more work to do. I have to clean the house,
sweep up the chicken droppings, prepare the food.

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I cook, eat and then go
to the Gotti to study.

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He\'s too lazy to come with me.

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[non-English narration]

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Making the link between the local
and the international is one

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of the hallmarks of the Reflect approach.
The Gotti uses community theatre

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to uncover the global story behind
the pressure to grow cash crops.

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Company reps sing Plant cotton

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and you\'ll get rich, you can wear
jeans like us instead of a loincloth.

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[music]

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It\'s a spoof television chat show,
introducing some very special guests.

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[non-English narration]

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Bringing the World Bank and the
World Trade Organization on stage,

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the play tackles the big issues of
privatization and globalization.

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[non-English narration]

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To see the world in our own hands we should
import all the products they have in America,

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to sell at your village shop.
Do you understand?

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Everything we eat -

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like rice, salt, chili, tea,

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milk, he says we should
buy them all from abroad.

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[non-English narration]

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This is about our lives. The
actors are our own people.

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[non-English narration]

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The play shows us what is really happening.

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
I liked the scene with the television show, it
showed how we are exploited and told us about

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
the powerful people at the top.

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
We shouldn\'t let ourselves be pushed around

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
like this. If we lost this forest,

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
we\'d have nothing. If they privatized our
forest we wouldn\'t even have a place to shit.

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
We won\'t let them take these hills. If we
hand over our forest we will lose our rights.

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
Where would we go?

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
[non-English narration]

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
Through participating in Reflect

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
she has opened her eyes to a
new outlook on her world.

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
She and her husband take part in a protest
rally. People from villages scattered

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
throughout the forest join forces to demand their
indigenous rights. The new depth of understanding

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
that Balamma has achieved at the Gotti sessions
and her own emerging sense of self-confidence,

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
spur her into action in a way she
wouldn\'t have dreamed of in the past.

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:33.000
[non-English narration]

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
I am from Kanatalabanda village. My name is
Balamma. In the past I wasn\'t confident enough

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
to come along to meetings like this. But
we have a Gotti in our village now.

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
[non-English narration]

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
Through the Gotti things have
really started to change.

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
Instead of being isolated with our problems, instead now we
all sit together and analyze what is happening in our village

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
and how we can work
together to make changes.

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
We share our joys and sorrows, we talk
about things that matter in our lives

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
and together we discover new
solutions to our problems.

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
I\'ve told you what I know
about my village, thank you.

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
[sil.]

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
[non-English narration]

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
We have rights over our forest. We won\'t allow
anyone to exploit us or push us out of the forest.

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
You can\'t lift a heavy weight on your own -

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
with one finger you can\'t lift anything.

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
It takes all five fingers
to lift something up.

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:55.000
[music]