Portrait of David Brower, America's leading environmentalist.
David Brower
- Description
- Reviews
- Citation
- Cataloging
- Transcript
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Pioneering environmentalist David Brower led the fight to protect the earth for the past 60 years. He turned the Sierra Club into a powerful political force, founded Friends of the Earth, and was twice nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize. Filmed at 84, Brower showed no signs of stopping, having recently completed a new book, 'Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run'.
This film begins with a short retrospective of Brower's life and then moves on to an interview between Scott Simon (host of National Public Radio's 'Weekend Edition') and Brower. In this inspiring and sometimes surprising one-on-one interview, the environmentalist speaks candidly about issues ranging from nuclear power to the battle for national parks and his latest campaign for environmental restoration.
An astounding role model of persistent spirit and action on behalf of the earth is revealed.
'A great introduction to both Brower and the entire (environmental) cause...Simon's questions are sympathetic, but elicit surprisingly frank insights into the history, successes, and failures of both Brower and the movement.' Science Books and Films
'Brower...emerges as a tireless advocate for his views, but also as a gentle, warm, and humorous change agent... Recommended for general viewing as well as in support of ecological and environmental studies.' Scott Smith, Lorette Wilmot Library, Nazareth College MC Journal
Accolades for Brower, the man:
'A steady force of nature...a man of great insight who cares very deeply for his world.' President Jimmy Carter
'Nothing I have heard from anybody else has affected my thinking so deeply as what I heard from David Brower.' Charles Kuralt, Broadcast Journalist
'The most effective conservation activist in the world today.' John Oakes, The New York Times
Citation
Main credits
Brower, David (interviewee)
Simon, Scott (interviewer)
De Graaf, John (film producer)
De Graaf, John (film director)
Duncan, Bonnie (film producer)
Davis, Dave (film producer)
Nicoloro, James (film producer)
Other credits
Producer/director, John de Graaf; associate producer, Bonnie Duncan; executive producer: Dave Davis, James Nicoloro.
Distributor subjects
Aging; American Studies; Biography; Climate Change/Global Warming; Community; Conservation; Consumerism; Environment; Environmental Ethics; Ethics; History; Humanities; Natural ResourcesKeywords
WEBVTT
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The following program is made possible by
financial support from the SGRS Foundation
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Harper-Collins Publishers Bruce
Horn and viewers like you.
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When you look at them on audiences that come see
you, there are an awful lot of people who are,
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let’s just say, they’re considerably younger
than you are. More and more people are.
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Well, I met there even half of
my age, (inaudible) It’s fun.
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Trying to talk to whatever age they audience maybe even
it’s six years old, that’s six years old a little harder
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to get their attention by asking where’s
the trees brain or something like that.
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They get interested (inaudible) ideas.
Where is the trees green? You don’t know?
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I don’t believe I do know. I don’t either.
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David Ross Brower, probably, the most
prominent environmentalist in the world,
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naturalist, expert mountain
climber, filmmaker, author,
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publisher, crusader, archenemy of
blind progress for the past 60 years
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no one is fought harder to
defend this earth. (inaudible)
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to the sharp sword of John Muir, David Brower
saved the Grand Canyon from power dams.
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He fought successfully to save much of the
American wilderness from saws and bulldozers.
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He turned the ones Chinese Sierra Club into a powerful political force
then founded Friends of The Earth and the Earth Island Institute.
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He has twice been nominated
for the Nobel Peace Prize.
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Now in his 80s, David Brower, still preaches the
gospel for the college with undimmed passion,
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his speaking schedule would exhaust 2-year-old. Few years
ago veteran journalist Charles Carroll paid David Brower,
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the highest of complements,
\"Nothing, I’ve heard from anybody,\"
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said Charles Carroll, \"it has affected my thinking
so deeply is what I heard from David Brower.\"
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From his reputation you might expect to
find David Brower is stern and serious
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Old Testament prophet warning
of impending catastrophe.
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Indeed, the warnings are there but the message
is delivered gently and salted with humor.
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I’m Scott Simon host of Weekend Edition Saturday on
National Public Radio. I had the opportunity to meet
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David Brower for the first time just
a week before his 83rd birthday
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just after (inaudible) his newest book Let the Mountains Talk,
Let the Rivers Run. We spoke for several hours in his backyard
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with airplanes buzzing overhead
and the temperature is soaring
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over a 100 in the shade. Story I’ve been wanting
to ask you, we’re on an airplane flight inevitably
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and bored, you counted
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every chew that you made while
you were consuming airline meal.
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Airline lunch, yes, I don’t think anybody else, I’ve
been asking my audience is anybody else ever done this,
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nobody has ever done this. So I guess, I’m unique.
I wanted to count the number of times that had
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to chew of an airline
lunch and it was 2,000.
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What was the lunch, do you remember?
I can’t remember what the lunch was
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but once these days is much less I could probably get by
(inaudible) what elders doing these days for maybe less.
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And I just go for the drinks
and you don’t have to chew
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but the dinner was 4,000. I chew
an arbitrary 1,000 for breakfast
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just to think about what we have to do
daily and that 7,000 times a day roughly
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we have to chew. And that’s…
When I could think about it,
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we just do it, and we don’t think much about our tongue, and I think
it’s important to think about the tongue because in between each chew
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the tongue has to put food on
each side and here the tongue
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is just tender little bit between
this very tough tooth enamel.
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So it puts the food there and has to get the hell out of
the way before it bite, and it does, almost all your life
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your tongue manages to avoid being bitten, not always.
No, only few exemptions and just flashing your mind.
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But it is amazing and we don’t even think about that
with this hard work and tongue has to go through it,
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it’s extremely well-trained, and you
can go through the whole system
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once you begin to analyze the various things that
are going on in your body from looking at things
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to just to breathing and when
just think about what it takes
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to tell you it’s time to draw the
next bread. And I didn’t think about
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that till I was looking at a video, but I
was supposed to know about my pacemaker
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and here’s the little micro photograph of
the capillaries going through the heart
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and here come the little red cells and
they come in loaded with carbon dioxide,
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they dump it, they pick up oxygen, and go around for another
round. And I don’t know where we’re taught them how to do that,
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but they do it all the time, and I’m very grateful for
it. And I’ve got the number from a friend of mine
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who is a former president of the American Chemical
Society Alan Nixon that we can do a 100,000
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different chemical reactions within us.
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And here it goes on automatically
not to think about it,
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and the instructions, I just go out on the instructions about all the
structure, all the things that these structures are supposed to do,
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including our ability to love and to
have compassion to hate and to fight,
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feel aggressive, all those instructions are contained in
a little bit of genetic material in a sperm and an egg.
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That was the beginning of each person
who ever lived and with roughly
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100,000 billion people who ever
lived that minimum genetic material
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would fit in a sphere a sixth
of an inch in diameter
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and that figure I had checked at Stanford University
so it must be correct but that’s good compression.
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I don’t notice how this is
all coded but we operate
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on the basis of that, that’s the
miracle or magic of life if you will,
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and I think we ought to respect it and celebrate it relevancy how many
chances are we can take with it. You have a pacemaker, of course.
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And thank God for that. I do, and I’m
grateful for it, and I’m also grateful
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for the fact that my first 82 years I
didn’t need one. All the technique,
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the high-tech it was needed to keep my heart going
at the right rate, most of the time was built in,
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and then there was atrial fibrillation and there’s
the signal is split to go from one part of the heart
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to the other saying now’s the time to be, and it
was missing, the instruction from time to time.
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I learned that the brain is not very friendly but
if it doesn’t get oxygen for more than two seconds,
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it takes steps. And the step that it took,
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this particular morning,
after (inaudible) 1995
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was that I fell into the fireplace and tried to move
the grate with my pace and didn’t hurt the grate
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at all but a little bit and then they call the
doctors and they took me out of the hospital
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and said that I never gonna need
a pacemaker, and I got one,
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I was out of there in two days and told
the nurse that she could tell the press
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that now I’m gonna be able to keep up with
myself. So this little bit of high-tech chip
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knows what I should have known myself and
if it senses there too long of pause
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it gives my heart a jerk, \"let’s beat.\" And that’s
impressive that a chip could know all that,
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but it’s more impressive still is that the battery that
operates that they say it will lasts from 8 to 12 years,
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and I’m gonna get my money’s worth.
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It is impressive technology, but I
got to tell you when I first heard
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that you had a pacemaker I thought about
the story of you with a butterfly
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when you were a youngster. Let’s put it this
way, less expertise and rather more naivety,
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you made some attempt to sort of interpose yourself in
the future of this butterfly with successful results.
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I used to (inaudible), I get the eggs
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and caterpillars and they feed on
(inaudible) and I’d bring them home
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and watch them grow up former chrysalis.
And this is the one of the big lessons
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I’ve learned it. After
a period as chrysalis
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the butterfly is fully asleep
when the chrysalis is ready,
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there’s a little slip in its
shell and out pops an antenna
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and another one and after some effort the butterfly
climbs out that its wings just all very compressed,
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they’re just about like fingers
that are gonna spread out,
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and the abdomen is just full of
juice, and the thing that happens
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is that the butterfly crawls out, hangs
upside down on a branch something as sort,
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pumps the fluid into the
wings which expand,
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it takes about a half hour to dry, and it’s
ready to fly. And I have been very helpful,
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I was going once, I saw it took a long time for
them to get out of the crystal once they split it.
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So another chrysalis, once they’d been split, I opened the rest
of the way and the butterfly has climbed out much more easily.
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You opened it with your fingers.
Yes, but very carefully,
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but I didn’t injured butterfly, I thought.
But I had removed is ventral triggering,
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that the butterfly needed that
exertion of climbing out,
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it had to do it itself to trigger the flow
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of the juice or fluid from the abdomen to the
wing. And everyone I helped there was no trigger,
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the abdomen didn’t release its
fluid, the wings never expanded,
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and they just crawl around and died. So
that was to me a very important lesson.
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That’s the system. If it’s been
working, it’s been tested,
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don’t mess with it. (inaudible) celebrate
it, but don’t try to improve on something
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that has been tested for billions of year.
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I still have very fond of butterflies, and I can pretty
much identify them by their flight migrate distance
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because I learned how, I was watching
butterflies when my mind was still receptive,
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and I remembered it. Well, I learned
about them what their habits were.
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And I guess, this is one of the things that
gave me a good start and understanding
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some of the ecological laws of the earth
and how things working, how they don’t.
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[music]
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The boy who loved butterflies
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grew up in Berkeley, California. He still lives
there. His mother lost her sight when he was eight,
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(inaudible) let her through the nearby
hills carefully describing the beauty that
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she could not see for herself. His
father to was happiest out of doors,
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each summer he took his family on camping
trips to Yosemite and the High Sierra.
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[music]
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With its tempestuous waterfalls
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and towering cliffs, Yosemite was David
Brower’s eve going him back again and again.
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He still comes here in every season seeking
a new, the all he first experienced
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in the summer of 1918. Still grateful
that a century ago farsighted people
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thought to preserve this place
for all people and for all time.
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Yosemite made David Brower a true
believer in the national park idea.
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It also made him a mountain climber, one of the very best of his
era while he was still in his 20s, he scaled vertical walls
00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:24.999
that others thought impossible, and he made
dozens of first ascends of Sierra peaks,
00:11:25.000 --> 00:11:29.999
but his most famous climb wasn’t in
Yosemite. Shiprock is a giant monolith,
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rising boldly from the New Mexico desert.
Some of the world’s best climbers had
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and tried to conquer it all of failed.
Many said Shiprock would never be climbed
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but in 1939, David Brower and three
companions proved them wrong.
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Fresh from his victory over Shiprock,
David Brower joined the Army.
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When America entered World War II,
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expert climbers were needed to train a division of mountain
troops. At Seneca Rock in the hills of West Virginia,
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Lieutenant Brower taught 100s of soldiers to climb
and film them as they gain confidence day by day.
00:12:05.000 --> 00:12:09.999
In the army, he dreamed of
a woman named Anne Hus,
00:12:10.000 --> 00:12:14.999
they’ve met briefly just before the war after
only a short correspondence David proposed.
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Since she’d never even so much as kissed him and was skeptical,
but she consented, they got married on May 1st first 1943.
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Shortly, afterwards, they went to
a movie, it was their first date.
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David Brower and the mountain
troops fought combat
00:12:30.000 --> 00:12:34.999
on river ridge near Italian appenines.
Scaling a sheer rock face,
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they took its German defenders by surprise. The Germans
thought no one could climb the ridge that way.
00:12:40.000 --> 00:12:44.999
[music]
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After the war, the Brower settled down
in Berkeley and began raising children
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three boys and girl. But Anne felt
David’s real family was the Sierra Club,
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founded in 1892 by John Muir, the Sierra
Club half a century later still had only
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2,000 members but the club ran
an extensive outings program,
00:13:05.000 --> 00:13:09.999
encouraging people to explore, and protect beautiful
places. Even before the war, David Brower
00:13:10.000 --> 00:13:14.999
was one of its most active members. He
organized, lead, sometimes photographed
00:13:15.000 --> 00:13:19.999
Sierra Club high trips, help to write and edit the club bulletin.
And he shared the Sierra Club commitment to conservation.
00:13:20.000 --> 00:13:24.999
\"If you’ve enjoyed this wild country,\" he said,
\"time and again around Sierra Club campfires,
00:13:25.000 --> 00:13:29.999
you have a duty to preserve and
defend it for future generations.\"
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In 1952, the Sierra Club made David Brower,
its first paid executive director.
00:13:35.000 --> 00:13:39.999
He immediately brought the
club some national attention.
00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:44.999
At that time the Bureau of
Reclamation was planning
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a major hydroelectric project on the
Colorado River, and its tributaries,
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two of the dams would have flooded this
valley and Dinosaur National Monument.
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The most conservationists deplored but they
perceived as an assault on the national park system
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they thought the dams could not be stopped,
but David Brower changed their minds
00:14:05.000 --> 00:14:09.999
organizing a major lobbying effort that
forced the dam builders to retreat.
00:14:10.000 --> 00:14:14.999
It was a stunning victory, David Brower
now believes it came at a terrible cost
00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:19.999
a compromise he never needed to accept.
00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:24.999
A dam was built on the Colorado
00:14:25.000 --> 00:14:29.999
and it flooded a beautiful gorge called Glen
Canyon. I knew the dam shouldn’t be built.
00:14:30.000 --> 00:14:34.999
We had the votes to stop it in
the house of representatives,
00:14:35.000 --> 00:14:39.999
we had the arguments, the advice from
engineers who could give it independently
00:14:40.000 --> 00:14:44.999
or anonymously without
attribution, very good engineers.
00:14:45.000 --> 00:14:49.999
And when the executive committee of the Sierra
Club wired me when I was in Washington saying
00:14:50.000 --> 00:14:54.999
is the dams and dinosaurs are taken out of this Colorado project
(inaudible) pull out will suffer opposition to the project.
00:14:55.000 --> 00:14:59.999
And I didn’t do anything about that
00:15:00.000 --> 00:15:04.999
and so that’s still bothers me that I had the
conviction that that dam should not be built,
00:15:05.000 --> 00:15:09.999
and I think I could have argued
tremendous thing with the opposition,
00:15:10.000 --> 00:15:14.999
and it just happened that the keystone
to the opposition was the Sierra Club
00:15:15.000 --> 00:15:19.999
if the keystone out or collapsed
and when the project went through
00:15:20.000 --> 00:15:24.999
and some of them most magnificent
00:15:25.000 --> 00:15:29.999
senior (inaudible) was destroyed.
I didn’t do it, I didn’t move,
00:15:30.000 --> 00:15:34.999
and my conviction wasn’t
enough to get me off my butt.
00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:39.999
And that’s my greatest regret, I
guess, I can’t get rid of it.
00:15:40.000 --> 00:15:44.999
Early in David Brower’s career, he realized the power
of media in winning public support for conservation.
00:15:45.000 --> 00:15:49.999
He learned filmmaking and produced documentaries
capturing the magic of America’s wild places.
00:15:50.000 --> 00:15:54.999
Up for the tree reaches high for the cloud,
00:15:55.000 --> 00:15:59.999
where the flower takes the
summer wind the beauty,
00:16:00.000 --> 00:16:04.999
and the summer rain too.
00:16:05.000 --> 00:16:09.999
They wanted to discover for themselves,
00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:14.999
the wildness of the ages have made perfect.
00:16:15.000 --> 00:16:19.999
This film helped convince the reluctant
Congress to create a national park
00:16:20.000 --> 00:16:24.999
in Washington’s North Cascades. In
1960, David Brower found a new way
00:16:25.000 --> 00:16:29.999
to promote the Sierra Club cause, he published
the first of more than 30 exhibit format books
00:16:30.000 --> 00:16:34.999
combining the photos of masters like (inaudible)
and Eliot Porter with fine literature
00:16:35.000 --> 00:16:39.999
and poetry, publishers said such big
and expensive books wouldn’t sell,
00:16:40.000 --> 00:16:44.999
but they did sell, and they brought thousands
of new members into the Sierra Club.
00:16:45.000 --> 00:16:49.999
I think they had quite a bit to do with changing
the American attitude as they sold very well,
00:16:50.000 --> 00:16:54.999
some of them particularly well,
and they got reviewed very well.
00:16:55.000 --> 00:16:59.999
And one of them that I’m particularly proud of
is the book where Ansel Adams, Nancy Newhall,
00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:04.999
collaborated and the book called this
is the American Earth. This point,
00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:09.999
I think, I would change the title because I think there are a lot of people
who think that this isn’t the American Earth but it was a very good book,
00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:14.999
it put what we’re trying to do in the
conservation movement in a broad context
00:17:15.000 --> 00:17:19.999
and that was the beginning, I think,
of the modern conservation movement.
00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:24.999
David Brower led the Sierra Club
in to fight after fight winning
00:17:25.000 --> 00:17:29.999
new national parks and building support for the national
Wilderness Act signed by President Johnson in 1964.
00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:34.999
The act set aside millions
of acres of pristine land
00:17:35.000 --> 00:17:39.999
as off-limits to development. David Brower says
that wilderness holds answers to questions
00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:44.999
we still haven’t learned to ask. He
believes we owe our descendants,
00:17:45.000 --> 00:17:49.999
the chance to see something of the
world as it was before we came along.
00:17:50.000 --> 00:17:54.999
Why doesn’t David Brower live in the
middle of a howling wilderness?
00:17:55.000 --> 00:17:59.999
I like wilderness for dessert, and I think that a
city is a very important invention of humanity,
00:18:00.000 --> 00:18:04.999
and it does give you a critical mass of a great
many things that I think are important to life,
00:18:05.000 --> 00:18:09.999
certainly, important to my life. But I
think that (inaudible) had it right
00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:14.999
owe unto them that build house
to house and like field to field
00:18:15.000 --> 00:18:19.999
till there may be no place me no place or there
may be placed alone in the midst of the Earth.
00:18:20.000 --> 00:18:24.999
And the other place where
you could be placed alone
00:18:25.000 --> 00:18:29.999
and miss the Earth is not a bad idea, I wouldn’t want to
stay there alone, but I’d like to know if it’s there.
00:18:30.000 --> 00:18:34.999
I’m surprised going through
your writing style, I…
00:18:35.000 --> 00:18:39.999
You love cities. Yeah, you don’t think there’s
anything wicked by definition of rather city,
00:18:40.000 --> 00:18:44.999
suburbs you don’t seem to feel so keen about.
Well, the suburbs are part of the scatteration
00:18:45.000 --> 00:18:49.999
that I want cities to be coherent again,
and I want boundaries around cities
00:18:50.000 --> 00:18:54.999
so that there are limits to how
far they go, and the suburbs
00:18:55.000 --> 00:18:59.999
that the automobile is driven
as into not a good idea.
00:19:00.000 --> 00:19:04.999
And I’m just too mindful of what I’ve seen
since I’ve been able to fly across the country
00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:09.999
that was… I didn’t started doing
that I guess till the 50s.
00:19:10.000 --> 00:19:14.999
But in this 40-year period to see what
was raw land, what was forested land,
00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:19.999
what isn’t anymore is not encouraging.
I don’t like to see this
00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:24.999
is… I guess, the spread of the cancer.
00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:29.999
Anyhow, that’s the whole business of
travelling it is rather entertain,
00:19:30.000 --> 00:19:34.999
you set up in the air for a while, and you
come down the license plates are different
00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:39.999
so you know you’re somewhere else because that’s about the
only difference. (inaudible) homogenize the rest of America.
00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:44.999
We’ve read accounts of people over the years
who repaired to the wilderness for inspiration
00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:49.999
for solace solitude
reflection, who hear voices.
00:19:50.000 --> 00:19:54.999
When you’ve been in wilderness,
and you’ve been in mountains,
00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:59.999
wild areas have you heard voices heard
things, things been revealed to you?
00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:04.999
I think other people have heard things.
I’ve heard my wakeup call in yodel,
00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:09.999
I’m in that quite and because I haven’t been
in that quite, I hadn’t heard these voices.
00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:14.999
And one of the things that I also in the
Sierra we mountain machine (inaudible)
00:20:15.000 --> 00:20:19.999
yet to see one probably because I’m too
noisy. \"Here comes Brower, get out of here.\"
00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:24.999
And something like that, I’ve never seen a mountain
lion. You sound like a bad man to go camping with.
00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:29.999
I’ve never seen a wolverine within far of the
(inaudible) I’ve liked to see a wolverine
00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:34.999
because as I understand from all this years you
knew about these things that’s the only mammal
00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:39.999
that doesn’t get arthritis, and I’d like
to check with it. How did you do it?
00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:44.999
During the mid 60s David Brower fought the battle that made him
famous. He took on the Bureau of Reclamation again this time
00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:49.999
over a plan to put power dams in the
heart of the Grand Canyon itself.
00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:54.999
Politicians lined up behind the plant,
proponents suggested that a reservoir
00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.999
in the canyon would offer boaters easier
access to which undeniable glories.
00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
David Brower responded with a vengeance.
He took out ads in major newspapers
00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
denouncing the plan it resulting torrent public
opinion swap the Bureau of Reclamation again,
00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
and the Grand Canyon and the
Colorado River steel runs free.
00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
In 1969, David Brower who stood on the
pinnacle of success, honored around the world
00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.999
for saving the Grand Canyon. At the same time, he
faced opposition from inside the Sierra Club itself.
00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:29.999
Some members of the club’s board were
troubled by David Brower uncompromising
00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.999
and aggressive political style. Brower
and the Board bought over finance,
00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
send overboard support for a nuclear
power plant that Brower opposed.
00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
Finally, he was forced to resign his executive director
of the club, and he wasted no time on tears of regret.
00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
Immediately, formed a new organization
called Friends of the Earth
00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
it was the era of the first Earth Day when
Americans were increasingly becoming aware
00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
of threats to the environment of air pollution,
oil spills, the population explosion.
00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
David Brower lead Friends of the Earth head-on
into the new area. He challenged nuclear power
00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
and waged an unsuccessful campaign against the Alaska
pipeline. Lots of people will look back on that
00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
and think that that was a wonderful
feat of audacious engineering,
00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
and we’ve grown up in a
better world because of it.
00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
Not, of course, I would have
to challenge that Alaska oil
00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
is essentially gone now and there’s
nothing quite like that resource up
00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
there there’s something a lot smaller and they want to
spoil the Alaska National Wildlife range to get at it
00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
what has oil than for us wonderful things
00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
and horrible thing. It
has destroyed cities,
00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
and we all know what happens when we
drive a car and what they are doing
00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
to the land, the air, the
water, other forms of life,
00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
the inventory of energy resources
itself, it was not a very bright move
00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
to see how fast we could
use up something that took
00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
500 million years to form, and this point isn’t
quite getting through because the marketplace
00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
doesn’t put on gasoline prices should
00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
pay for the damage it does. That’s a
very hard figure to come up with.
00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
And you wouldn’t want to think about
as we heard it. It’d be too high.
00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
What do you feel about the argument that’s often
given over the years that science will provide
00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
that way out for us that we seem to
be at the curve of the crest of using
00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
the finite supply of oil and gas
00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
that science will come up with something
else? Well, since I’m talking to by
00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
some virtue of my pacemaker which is a scientific
achievement, I can’t attack science with full vigor.
00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
And I’d never any vigor at all
without science, but at this point,
00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
I still want to attack science because it is
creating problems as well as solving them
00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
and getting what’s happening to our
own bodies, our own immune systems
00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
are not able to handle some of the things
that they were able to handle and with
00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
that our immune system are in bad
shape, aids will tell us that.
00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
And without the diversity of life is
provided as a lot of the medicines
00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
we have made may already have
destroyed in our record destruction
00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
of other species of land of plants and
animals, we may have destroyed cure.
00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
We’ve identified 1.4 million
species of plants and animals,
00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
and we’re losing those at our own hand a thousand
times faster than evolution is editing them out.
00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
And I don’t think that’s a moral thing
to do. What about those who say
00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
that the within reason the disappearance of
species, particularly, one if it has a long
00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
scientific unfamiliar name, that’s unfamiliar to
many Americans is also part of the master plan
00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
of this planet that species disappear all
at a time. Yes, it is. To point out again
00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
that there’s no reason for us to disappear
them a thousand times faster than nature does,
00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
and that’s what we’re doing, and that’s
wrong. It’s just simply out and out wrong,
00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
and we don’t have to do it, we have to have
a new respect for this diversity of life
00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
and prepare to celebrate it rather than
to eradicate it. But, for example,
00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
it’s relatively easy to interest people in the
face of the harp seal to snail darter are harder.
00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
Harp seals referring
cuddly and look that way
00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
and have very big brown eyes or whatever
the color is and snail darter nobody
00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
would like to take a snail darter
home for pet hardly anybody
00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
and that this is one of the problems that there are
some little ugly that are still quite important.
00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
And I don’t think newts are very handsome
00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
but we in our own park right across the home
where I live we closed a certain road there
00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
at noon time when they’re moving in
search of mates they cross the road
00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
as they’re not fast enough to be anything
but road kill. So we just closed the road.
00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
We should explain you’re not being political at
all area. Those are newts I’m friendly toward.
00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
Trick question, is there is there a species
you can think of that’s not endangered?
00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
At this point, no. That since we’re
endangering the life force on the planet,
00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
we’re all endangered,
particularly, our own species.
00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
And so I want a little sticker that goes on the
mirror you are looking at an endangered species.
00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
We are an endangered species the extent that a combination of
things that we’re doing what we call civilization, at this point,
00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
are destroying our very life support
system. And you can’t live without it.
00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
And this point is a little hard to sell, but it
needs to be sold as the alarms need to be sounded.
00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:49.999
And as we get on with our
science and technology
00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
and have more and more people
advancing \"more and more solutions,\"
00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:59.999
we need to be more and more concerned
00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:04.999
about anticipating consequences.
And by anticipate, that means,
00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:09.999
you do something to fend them off, you don’t just accept
them as we’re getting into all kinds of consequences
00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:14.999
that we hadn’t thought of right now, there’s
something like a $200 billion or $300 billion
00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:19.999
price charge on cleaning up our nuclear
waste. It’s a very interesting figure,
00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:24.999
I wonder how they’re put a figure on
something they don’t know how to do yet.
00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:29.999
And that this again is part
of the frailty of science.
00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
Since the first Earth Day, David Brower who’s been a keynote
speaker at hundreds of conferences and other gatherings,
00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
on thinking he never tires of doing this putting human
pride in its place. I understand you can do this.
00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
Can you compress the entire history of
the world into a single week for us?
00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
No problem at all. That’s 4.5
billion years down to seven,
00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
six days of creation. So the
earth begins Sunday midnight,
00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
no life until Tuesday noon, when
life comes aboard, in great numbers,
00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
millions upon millions of
species arrived millions leave.
00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
By Saturday morning at 7 there’s been
enough chlorophyll now the fossil fuels
00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
can begin to form. At 4 in the afternoon
the great reptiles come on to stage,
00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
at 9:30 they’re offstage,
but they had a long run,
00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
nothing like us till three minutes before
midnight and no homo sapiens still
00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
a half minute before midnight.
There’s no agriculture
00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
until 10 seconds before midnight.
00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
Christ was born quarter of a second before midnight.
For Buddha third of a second he got here earlier.
00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
The Industrial Revolution afforded
them a second before midnight,
00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
the discovery of oil in 80th of a second, the
splitting of an atom at 200th of a second,
00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:54.999
and now it’s midnight and what we’re
going to try to do extrapolate
00:28:55.000 --> 00:28:59.999
all these last things just
happen in fractions of a second.
00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.999
There are people in this in
this country, religious people,
00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:09.999
who believe that as a species we are
destined to govern and to do this planet
00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
that we were given a specific
God imprinted mandate
00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
to make all the creatures of the field
and forests facilities of our lives.
00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
Well, I’ll offend some people with this,
but I would like to call for the author,
00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
and I don’t think God wrote it. I think there’s
some other authors and even Genesis is written,
00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
for example, the population of
the Earth is about 50 million,
00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
when Christ was born 200 million, and now it’s 5.5
billion and counting it’s a different ball game,
00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
and the whole idea of multiply and
replenish the earth and so do it,
00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
I don’t think would rewritten today.
00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
The whole idea the arrogance of it considering
that we were so recent of species to arrive
00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
that the dinosaurs were here for
millions and millions of years
00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
and homo sapiens hasn’t been here
yet for a quarter of a million.
00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
And here we think we’re the hot stuff.
Small-world story,
00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
you quoted speech at Adlai
Stevenson delivered in 1965
00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
now known as the Spaceship Earth speech.
00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.999
You know what I’m talking about? Oh, yes. Yeah.
I’ve been using that ever since I first heard it.
00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:29.999
I put it in print several time in Sierra
Club bulletin I put it up some photographs.
00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:34.999
And I used it almost every time I have
anything to say in some other country.
00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:39.999
I was there that day with, I guess,
00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
my sixth grade class, Pioneer court
when he delivered the speech,
00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
they brought us down for a field trip. Only
time I ever heard Governor Stevenson speak
00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
and it wasn’t on television, we call
them Governor Stevenson in Illinois.
00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
It was known as the Spaceship
Earth speech but what’s the…
00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
How does it go? (inaudible) if I can get you
to give me that quote. \"We travel together,
00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
passengers on a little space ship, dependent
on its vulnerable reserves of air and soil.
00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
All committed for our safety
to its security and peace,
00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
preserved from annihilation only by
the care, the work, and, I will say,
00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
the love we give our fragile craft.
We cannot maintain it half fortunate,
00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:29.999
half miserable, half
confident, half despairing,
00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
half slave to the ancient enemies of man
half free in a liberation of resources
00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
undreamed of until this day. No craft,
00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
no crew can travel safely with
such vast contradictions.
00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
On their resolution depends
the survival of us all.\"
00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
And I think it was extremely powerful and
extremely good. And I wish there were
00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
15 feet high in the Oval Office and that
every president was required to memorize it,
00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
and do something about it. and if the President’s
subsequent to Adlai Stevenson’s attempt to be president
00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
had done something about it had heard when he
was talking about, and it made this our policy,
00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
it would be quite a different
world now from what it is.
00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
How many people can live comfortably on this Earth?
The point is not so much the number of people
00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
but what they are doing to the earth.
And the 50 years since World War II,
00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
the United States has
used up more resources
00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
than all the rest of the world
in all previous history.
00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
See, you think of it less as a matter of population
control than in a sense appetite control. It’s both.
00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
I don’t wanna give preference to either.
We got too many people, we have appetite
00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
for consuming resources, destroying
resources, destroying the base.
00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
And one of the things that’s occurred to me as I’ve aged is
that I’m not so concerned about the non-renewable resources,
00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
we seem to be able to find
substitutes for those,
00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:04.999
I’m very concerned about what we’re doing
to the renewable resources. Number one,
00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
soil and without soil we can’t
make use of the sun’s energy.
00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
That’s the ultimate reactor, it makes green thing
we eat green things, other things eat green things,
00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
we eat the other things this is the basis
for us. And then in the last 20 years,
00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
we’ve created enough new man-made
desert, we human beings have done
00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
that to equal all our crop land in China
and have lost enough soil by other means,
00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:34.999
pavement, condominiums,
reservoirs, continuing
00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
and accelerating erosion by wind and water and application
of chemicals without or knowing quite what we’re doing.
00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:44.999
(inaudible) whole combination
we’ve lost enough cropland
00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.999
to equal the cropland in India. So to
sum it up, 20 years we lost the seventh
00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
of the world’s productivity while the population
doubles. And there isn’t an institution
00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
I can think of is considered
logical and reasonable
00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
and conservative that
attacks that achievement.
00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
We can’t continue that, absolutely, cannot,
00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
and we can’t get our institutions to recognize that fact. And
that’s the corporations and the governments and the universities.
00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
They can rethink this. And they’ve
got enough evidence there
00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
to justify their rethinking and to go to work
on different approaches how they operate.
00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
And I just like, I love Paul Hawkens book
00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
The Ecology of Commerce where he goes
into this and gives us the example
00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
of the three (inaudible) company which in a
period of 15 years before he wrote his book
00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
it decided they were gonna redesign every
process they had and cut down their waste,
00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
they made an enormous cotton waste
about half, and they made $537 million
00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
mark profit in at 15-year period from doing
it right rather than doing it wrong.
00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
Let me get your response to this. You know
there are people in developing nations
00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
who hear those of us in the West talk about
suppressing the appetite of development
00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
and even mentioned something like population
control, who don’t like to hear that,
00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
they figure it’s all a way of us evading and
turning over the franchise of the world to them,
00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
they will say, \"You folks, have gotten rich and comparatively
fatten wealthy and now you want to bring up the doors
00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
and close it so that we won’t even get
our chance to be that comfortable.\"
00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:29.999
We cannot continue to use up
00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:34.999
the environmental capital where we’ve used it up, offer ourselves without
making enemies that is I don’t think other countries enjoy our achievement
00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
in this as we’re ripping them
all or whatever it may be,
00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
and I don’t think we need to do it, and I think
that we’re going to have to suffer a great
00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
unfortunate consequences if we continue.
And one of the things
00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
we can do to help offset this is to
invest in the countries we ripped off
00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
so that we can help make up there
what we’ve taken from them.
00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.999
So that they have a better chance to
live out their lives where they are,
00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
I think most people would prefer to
live at home rather than to migrate.
00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
And I think one specific example which I
learned from the environmental minister
00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
of Mexico at the Rio Conference,
the world summit. He said,
00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
\"If you’d like Mexico to fish where
tuna without killing dolphins,
00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
help us invest in the equivalent that
makes that possible.\" We haven’t done it.
00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
Now I think that that might cost us a
little bit to make that investment,
00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
but I had a standard router question
what is it going to cost us if we don’t.
00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
And this is what budget makers seem incapable of
thinking what will it cost if you don’t do it.
00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
Some people have taken
satisfaction nowadays in the idea
00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
that at least we’re not doing as much
damage to the environment as we used to
00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
because there’s been greater recognition that may or may not be
true which is one of the reasons why am I’m running it by you.
00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
But you seem to think that it’s
not enough just to slow down,
00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
we have to do a u-turn, what would
making that you turn entail for us?
00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
I think the main thing that will entail is just reforming
the economists of the world so that they will learn how
00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
to calculate the cost of the earth of the cost
of the future of some of the recommendations
00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
and they’re not very good at that yet.
Well, explain that to us.
00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
Well, the cost of the earth is a little hard to
figure out. What is a tree worth? Is it worth simply
00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
which you can get out of the tree for pulp or two-by-fours
or whatever you’re going to use that word for?
00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
Also they have other functions that are not
measured and I claim it as a good money
00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:44.999
that the marketplace omits consideration
00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:49.999
of the tree locks up carbon as important as we’re
worried about the carbon content of the atmosphere,
00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:54.999
it breathes oxygen, and those that
was a breather grateful for that,
00:37:55.000 --> 00:37:59.999
it hold soil in place, and it controls
the flow and the quality of water,
00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:04.999
it’s a good habitat for
lots of things, looks nice,
00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
almost all those values are
of no value in the economist
00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
economist measuring almost
worthwhile and what its worth,
00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
no value in the marketplace. But, of course, it has an
extraordinary valuable without it we’re in deep trouble,
00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
and the economists should learn how
to do this, and they’re resisting.
00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
And I think they should stop resisting and
help us so that the marketplace will advise us
00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
instead of misinforming us.
00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
In 1990 David Brower wrote For
Earth’s Sake his autobiography.
00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
Five years later, he wrote another book Let The Mountains
Talk, Let The Rivers Run. It’s an unusual book
00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
in one particular respect, it’s the first book
ever printed entirely on tree-free paper.
00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
Let me ask you few
questions about your wood.
00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
Wood, wood, paper. For
example, your latest book
00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
is not printed on paper per se that paper made out
of wood. Just the jacket, I’m sorry about the jacket
00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
that’s on paper. And paper
made from wood pulp.
00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
The other papers major him
canal kenaf, K-E-N-A-F.
00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
And that kenaf is a relative of the
hibiscus plant, and it will grow better
00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
pulp faster than a tree will, it’ll grow
among other places where tobacco is grown,
00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
it doesn’t take chlorine to bleach it,
so you don’t have the problem of dioxin.
00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
There are other problems you don’t have. More
expensive than paper for the moment isn’t it?
00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
Right now… Than the wood and pulp paper. the way
the market base puts a price on it that is about,
00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
for my book, I understand it was
20% more expensive than paper,
00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
and I’d like to see telephone books on it, and I’d like to
sections of The New York Times and I saw Los Angeles Times
00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
started on this, it will work. It could
make a difference if, for example,
00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
the Manhattan phone directory people said,
\"This year we print on kenaf.\" Yes, right now
00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
the number I have is in my book that
one tree out of five is cut for pulp.
00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
So if we didn’t have to cut those that will be
one tree out of five we’d never have to cut.
00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
And that would be pretty good
for the other values of trees.
00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
You know, I’d like to see that happen. One thing,
people of my age, who have children have noticed
00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
is that their children over the past
generation have grown up, for example,
00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
recycling almost instinctively because
it’s just (inaudible) twain to the way
00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
many communities live these days. I mean,
it strikes me that many youngsters
00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
who are now adolescence and college age students have grown up with some
of the ideas that you have to struggle to have accepted certitudes,
00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
they’ve grown up with concepts you had to
argue about as verities in your lives.
00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
And, of course, their
problem and my problem
00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
and everybody else’s problem is that these remedies
take place in part because there are regulations,
00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
there are laws regulations, traditions,
and call for this to happen.
00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
And we’re having a major erosion
on this right now that the people
00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
who like to be told what to do, they like to think
of what to do themselves, but we have regulations
00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
because they weren’t thinking very well.
And we’re getting a lot of distraction.
00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
You know, there are millions of Americans who have
the idea that if they try and repaint the house
00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
someone’s going to complain that it’s killing the
snail darter. I know this is a hyperbolic view
00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
but there are many Americans who feel their
kind of their freedom has been infringed
00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
upon by environmental regulations. I think
00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
that they’ve got to redefine freedom.
For example,
00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
I smoked for a good 25 years and I
was getting up to two packs a day
00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
and maybe a little worse than that and out
of fright quit. And now remember one,
00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
after I’d quit smoking I became very sensitive, you know,
objectionably sort of people who are still smoking.
00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
And that’s something we’re
still smoking in airplanes,
00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
and I was in a the smoking section and
somebody lit up and took by my count 10 drags
00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
to that cigarette before the cigarette light through
so that’s all that person’s smoking cigarette,
00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
I was smoking it the entire time because
the smoke was coming over my way.
00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
Now here’s where you get into regulation,
00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
you want freedom but whose freedom do you
encroach upon is there no regulations.
00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
And I think we just need to look at
all the regulations and our freedoms
00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
and who was encroached upon by whom
to get a better understanding of
00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
that to find freedom without taking it from someone
else. If we analyze our freedom in this country,
00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
we began to realize how many people
around the world are not free
00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
because of other resources that
they needed for their freedom
00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
that we have here are for our binge
that would help us possibly trade
00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
in some of our hubris on compassion.
00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
Today, David Brower lead another organization
the Earth Island Institute in San Francisco
00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
an umbrella for dozens of
environmental groups. Nearly, 80%
00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
of Americans described themselves as
environmentalists, Brower worries about recent
00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
political setbacks of movement and he’s desperate to begin
the influential scene (inaudible) only a heart beat ago.
00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
You’ve suggested over the years
at the environmental movement
00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
could benefit from maybe
00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
a little bit more boldness and a
little bit more of a sense of humor.
00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:39.999
Well, I think boldness is quite important
00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
and that I like that quote from (inaudible) that
I was given to me by an old maneuver friend.
00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
Whatever you can do or dream you can begin it,
boldness has genius, power, and magic in it,
00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
and it’s almost my religion at this point.
I think that too many people
00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
are too anxious for access, they want
to be seen as reasonable, creditable.
00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
And I can understand that, but then
that softens are attacked too much
00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
and they become victims to letters
described by my good friend
00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
from Texas in the middle of the road, it’s got nothing
in it, but the yellow lines of dead armadillos,
00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:19.999
we’ve got to be near the edge of the road, we’ve
got to be bold, we got to try new things,
00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:24.999
and we also have to make sure
there’s some fun in this business.
00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
My standard question is what do environmentalist and I can
list some other people in the Bible I have in common,
00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
no humor. And there’s
00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.999
got to be more fun in the
environmental business.
00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.999
Have you worried over the years
that a movement that (inaudible)
00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
like the environmentalism movement if
you please picked up some currency
00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:54.999
you got some friends and support that had been
missing for years, have you ever worried about
00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:59.999
the effect of becoming more
popular sometimes on a movement?
00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
Well, I worry about it particularly when I become
less popular which is what’s happening in the moment
00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
and (inaudible) enough less popular that
disasters are happening in Congress,
00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
and we haven’t organized the defense
well enough yet, there’s too much hubris
00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
not enough humility not enough sharing
of credit. I was talking to an audience
00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
in Phoenix not too long ago, and the figure at
half-mast because of Richard Nixon’s death.
00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
It occurred to me not having
read Shakespeare carefully
00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
that something was said by somebody about
the good and evil but must be buried over
00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
the bones and rubbers remember. That’s
Julius Caesar. And it seem to me that
00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
people were just remembering the
evil of Richard Nixon. I said,
00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
\"I think, we should remember some other things. We have
the National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Air Act,
00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
Clean Water Act, and Endangered Species
Act, The World Heritage system
00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
around the world is a Richard
Nixon.\" When he was president,
00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
first, he gave his speech on population controller that
was never equaled by any other President before I sense.
00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
And we had a conference shortly
after that in Aspen Colorado
00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
when John Ehrlichman told me that
speech had bombed at the box office.
00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
No support from the public so just really,
hell of it, I tried testing my own audiences.
00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
People who would come to hear an environmentalist
stock, do you think there’s a population problem,
00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
hands up all over the place, how many
people thank Richard Nixon for his speech?
00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
One out of a thousand, one out of a
thousand isn’t very much support.
00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
And I just went on to wonder, \"Well, what
might have happened to Richard Nixon?\"
00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
Is this bold move on population
had brought this avoided
00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
(inaudible) It didn’t as it
wasn’t, there was no support.
00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
And that’s one of the points that gets through by the time
I’m talking to audience, people think I’m (inaudible)
00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
that one because it is something we
can do, it doesn’t cost that much,
00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
and we don’t do it. You now
have in this country today
00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
a number of… It must be said Hollywood stars who were outspoken
in their support for the environment raised a lot of money.
00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:14.999
And in a sense it have become more identifiable
than any actual environmental leader.
00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
Now is there something wrong with that?
No, I think that’s fine.
00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
And that my favorite story in that respect
as when I came back from a peace conference
00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
in Prague in 1983, I need to stop at
the University of Syracuse to talk.
00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
And I talked and had an audience
of 300 to 400 which is nice.
00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
That night and Syracuse, the
Grateful Dead filled the stadium,
00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
and it occurred to me that maybe we should put some words to music,
and I’m glad that the Grateful Dead there had been some people
00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
there who care about environment and
have been helping us. As Connie Chung,
00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
once said, just between you and me
now, do you really the Dig music?
00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
No. No. But then does
one of my limitations,
00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
and I like the reaction of the
audience to The Grateful Dead,
00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
and I remember, one of their
records, and I’m trying to find it,
00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
I played again and again and again when I was
designing and laying out the Sierra Club book
00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
on Central Park country. And I want to hear it
again, it’ll just awaken all kinds of design ideas
00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
that I had. But it was there.
That was good music.
00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
Then the volume is what bothers me,
00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
I just can’t handle the volume other
people seem to able to deal not Brower.
00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
You don’t climb mountains anymore.
I don’t climb mountains
00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
because I’m carrying a little more weight than I should.
Well, I still like to look at them, and I remember one of my
00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
determinations of that was in my 60s.
Nineteen,
00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
whatever when I was 64 and I designed if I
don’t go look at the big ones in the Himalaya,
00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
pretty soon I won’t be able to train myself
to do it. And then one of the ways I trained
00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:04.999
to decide in January that I wanted to go
somewhere in October and be in shape.
00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:09.999
So it meant watching what I ate, what
I drank, walking down a mass transit,
00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.999
walking back up my hill (inaudible)
vertical feet every day,
00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:19.999
and I’m getting ready for that, I lost
something like 25 pound transferred back
00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
into something more useful,
and I saved a lot of money,
00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
bridge tolls, gasoline, tires all of that, but the truth,
it don’t cost that much, and then I took the trip,
00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
I went on a almost a one month track
and lost another 23 pounds there,
00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.999
and then… So I was back to the weight
in which I was married and then
00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:44.999
(inaudible) which point I was accepted with my wife and she thought
I was becoming acceptable again so I’m due for another track
00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:49.999
but in any event that’s one of the things that it is
awfully rewarding to get your body in shape and say,
00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:54.999
\"Hey, that’s a hill it’s not gonna bother me, I can go up it
and not even gonna to have to breathe harder maybe boring,
00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:59.999
but I can do it.\" And the
mountains give you that,
00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:04.999
they give you that kind of up and then I
did get up to 18,000 feet, which is nice,
00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
right under average but there’s only 11,000 feet
higher still so in the long way from the top,
00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
but I got to look at it, and
it was a great experience.
00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
For the rest of my days, I’m gonna be working very
hard on looking for security and restoring the earth
00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
and passing on to the next generation something that’s resembles
a little bit like what we inherited. At the age of 83,
00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.999
David Brower steel shows little sign of retiring.
For several years now he’s been promoting an idea
00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:34.999
is called global CPR, he wants
the idea made real by actions to
00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
become his legacy. I asked him about
it at the close of our conversation.
00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
You wanted… Well, let me put it this
way, you wanna perform CPR in the world.
00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:49.999
The CPR is for the… Initials for
Conservation, Preservation,
00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:54.999
and Restoration. And conservation process has been
with us ever since the beginning of the century
00:50:55.000 --> 00:50:59.999
Theodore Roosevelt, Gifford
Pinchot and all of that,
00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:04.999
and preservation that we just
preserve but we can’t replace.
00:51:05.000 --> 00:51:09.999
And then on restoration there’s been a lot of restoration going
on for a long time but restoration in order talking about now
00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:14.999
restoration of natural and human systems take some
arrogant to think we can restore natural systems
00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:19.999
because nature is rather better
trained at this than we are.
00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:24.999
One of the things we can do is try to get something
started to then jump back out of the way
00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:29.999
and let nature do it or jumpstart nature which
we’ve seen some pretty good examples of
00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:34.999
that’s for the natural systems.
And one of them is, for example,
00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:39.999
I guess, the most exciting
one is Auroville, India
00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:44.999
where the long bad agricultural
practices they reduce their soil do
00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:49.999
(inaudible) essentially to rock. And I’d
always understood from ecology friends of mine
00:51:50.000 --> 00:51:54.999
that whoever did that you’re out of
the game that was it but in Auroville
00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:59.999
and thanks so they drilled holes in
(inaudible) brought in soil in holes,
00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:04.999
one of the things in the soil and nurtured it
carefully and in the course of many years of rebuild,
00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.999
they begun to rebuild an ecosystem.
That’s pretty satisfactory.
00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:14.999
It’s a long way from what they had in the first
place, but they’re moving in that direction.
00:52:15.000 --> 00:52:19.999
And Dan Jansen, University of Pennsylvania
is doing something like that in Costa Rica
00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:24.999
restoring a dry tropical forest.
What we need to do in our CPR effort
00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:29.999
has tried to show what has been done, what
is succeeding, what is not succeeding
00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:34.999
this around the world. And I’m just hoping
that we can find out how to run an economy by
00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:39.999
putting the earth back together even as
we run one by taking the Earth apart.
00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:44.999
My one-liners simply if there is
money to be made in restoration.
00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:49.999
If you don’t believe it, take your car
to the shop or your body to the doctor,
00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:54.999
they are both in restoration
business, they’re both doing alright
00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:59.999
there’s money to be made in restoration. You’re
impressed by an idea, for example, in a prairie states,
00:53:00.000 --> 00:53:04.999
they’ve been talking about buffalo comments for
years. Where you take some of the land that is really
00:53:05.000 --> 00:53:09.999
not supporting much human population at this particular
point and certainly not much economic activity,
00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:14.999
giving it back into a natural state where buffalo would
realm and the ideas that you might even increase
00:53:15.000 --> 00:53:19.999
the human population if those areas become more visited. And
certainly one capitalist who thinks that’s a good idea,
00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:24.999
Ted Turner, he’s got a lot of Buffalo.
You have an idea
00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:29.999
that there are a lot of
people who can be set to work
00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:34.999
at preserving parts of our world right now?
Preserving, restoring,
00:53:35.000 --> 00:53:39.999
conserving of three CPR, a lot of
people could be put to work, I think,
00:53:40.000 --> 00:53:44.999
we could run the global economy on this. And that’s
what I’m trying to get people to think about,
00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:49.999
and we’re going to need corporations to take the lead
in this because they’ve got the managing capability,
00:53:50.000 --> 00:53:54.999
the organizing capability that’s all to have the
importance. And I just want to see somehow,
00:53:55.000 --> 00:53:59.999
see, how we can get them started.
Here’s my concluding argument
00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:04.999
there’d be no corporations on the dead
planet, no customers, no shareholders,
00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:09.999
no Wall Street, and they’re killing it.
00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:14.999
Is there enough of an army of volunteers out there?
What I’ve been doing for a good many years now,
00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:19.999
and I gave my pitch on global CPR.
00:54:20.000 --> 00:54:24.999
And I’ve done this in all the
continents except Antarctica,
00:54:25.000 --> 00:54:29.999
and I couldn’t get a request from penguins
(inaudible) speech but in any event
00:54:30.000 --> 00:54:34.999
where I have gone and I’ve asked the question, and
the audiences widely vary lot of student audiences,
00:54:35.000 --> 00:54:39.999
this includes, people in the media in Japan,
it includes doctors and health professionals
00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:44.999
it includes whole veterans in Russia,
and whatever, I’ve got quite a mix,
00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:49.999
but I’d asked, \"How many people in the
audience who would be willing to commit
00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:54.999
one year out of your next 10 to working
00:54:55.000 --> 00:54:59.999
on CPR as a volunteer,
00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:04.999
for pay, to help coach it, to help
fundraise it, to help organize it,
00:55:05.000 --> 00:55:09.999
one way or the other would you be willing to do this?\" And
almost universally about two-thirds of the hands go up.
00:55:10.000 --> 00:55:14.999
And that’s… So that’s audiences
now that are getting close to
00:55:15.000 --> 00:55:19.999
300,000. The point is
there are a lot of people
00:55:20.000 --> 00:55:24.999
who are willing to do it, there is a
shortage of people who are willing
00:55:25.000 --> 00:55:29.999
or able to organize those
people and to get it going.
00:55:30.000 --> 00:55:34.999
And you’ve already come around again
for another 80 years. I mean,
00:55:35.000 --> 00:55:39.999
I enjoyed at take some lesson in how to organize to
get people to take this new change do the u-turn
00:55:40.000 --> 00:55:44.999
so that we build a civilization based
on putting things together instead
00:55:45.000 --> 00:55:49.999
of taking them apart as
shift it’s a challenge,
00:55:50.000 --> 00:55:54.999
it’s got to start sometime, it will start because
the cost of not doing it is prohibitive.
00:55:55.000 --> 00:56:00.000
But I haven’t persuaded enough people who
believe that yet. I’m working on it.
00:56:35.000 --> 00:56:39.999
The preceding program is made
possible by financial support
00:56:40.000 --> 00:56:44.999
from the SGRS Foundation
Harper-Collins Publishers
00:56:45.000 --> 00:56:49.999
Bruce Horn and viewers like you.
00:56:50.000 --> 00:56:55.000
[music]
Distributor: Bullfrog Films
Length: 56 minutes
Date: 1997
Genre: Expository
Language: English
Grade: 7-12, College, Adult
Color/BW:
Closed Captioning: Available
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