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Brave New World, page 17: Progress, a prodigious
improvement you will agree on nature.

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Aldous Huxley wrote that in 1932.

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But never were his words
more true than today.

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The idea of improving
on nature is no longer

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the staff of futuristic novels
because the future is already here.

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And never have we felt more
distanced from the food source.

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Technology has quietly slipped into
the food chain moving genes from

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one life form to another we may already be

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eating genetically altered
foods and not even know it

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Prince Edward Island the fields
aren\'t productive right now.

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But even in the dead of winter life
begins in the warmth of a barn.

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A calf has helped into the world
by three generations of farmers.

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I tradition farmers giving
nature a helping hand

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guiding the animals and crops
through the rhythm of the seasons.

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But science is revolutionizing
that relationship.

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We\'re no longer merely helping nature.

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We\'re changing it.

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Meet the revolutionary new potato.

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This is the first genetically altered
vegetable to be grown and sold in

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Canada detonate Alice and Richard girl
are two of the first farmers to grow.

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It looked good.

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And it basically helps the potato producers
and the consumers and everyone on the like.

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Yes we all get to benefit from the
technology that has been built within this.

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This potato it isn\'t technological
potato isn\'t it yes it is.

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Words go together for you
technology and potato.

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I think that they just run hand in hand

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Technology is running hand in hand with a lot
of foods on the shelves right now soybean

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for instance which exists in 60% of process
booth is now being grown with new genes.

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Genetically altered corn
was grown in Ontario for

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the first time last year
canola in Saskatchewan.

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But it\'s PI that\'s home to

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the first genetically
altered potato potatoes

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account for almost half of
farm income on the island.

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That\'s meant the use of
a lot of pesticides.

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So there\'s been a campaign to reduce
the amount of chemicals used.

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What better time for the chemical companies
threatened by decrease sales to come up

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a bioengineer alternatives.

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There\'s something new on the variety.

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Newly these potatoes were created by
the American Chemical giant Monsanto.

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It makes Roundup the
best-selling pesticide in

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the world and made the defoliant
Agent Orange during the Vietnam War.

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It\'s ventured into food with NutraSweet.

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And these days Monsanto is
embracing biotechnology.

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The nature Mark potato is
one of its first offering.

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It\'s a very nice for data to go from

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my knowledge for the last few years
I\'ve been working with this Friday.

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And I\'m very pleased
that the way this potato

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perform show I mean they just look
at the type and the skin texture

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taste just as good.

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And you tell the difference between
a BET potato and a normal potato.

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Looking at a pile Yeah
there\'s no different.

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But it is different from your average
potato because its leaves are poisonous to

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the insect that feeds off at the Colorado
potato beetle unknown to the bug.

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It\'s now eating a toxin
built right into the plant.

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Scientists took a gene from a bacterium
and the soil called BT for short.

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That\'s toxic to the bug.

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They inserted it into
the DNA of the potato.

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So when the beetle eats the plant
it dies within a few days there\'s

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no pesticide necessary because in
effect the plants become one itself.

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But some potato farmers on PEI are opting
out of the biotechnology revolution.

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Maybe Whitney in five years down the road.

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We\'ll see afraid and probably you haven\'t
achieved walking across the road.

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How do we know why you\'re joking
but you\'re not sure if I\'m

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joking but I\'m not joking because
they\'ll go to animals next they\'ll do.

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They\'ll do anything. Jp Hendrick

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and raises pigs to.

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And for the same reason he doesn\'t
give his pigs hormone shots.

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He won\'t plant genetically
altered potatoes.

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He doesn\'t trust them. And when you cross

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Genetic lines.

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What are we really going to do we\'ve
seen great changes in our society.

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We changed in the way people look

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especially great change in
characteristics as far as animals and

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potatoes and things like this
are concerned because they\'ve

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been able to crossbreed which
they haven\'t done in humans.

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But once they do we\'ll do it in plants

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You know we are what we eat.

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Regardless of what we say or give their farm
produces 15 million pounds of potatoes every

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year made possible in part
by the use of pesticides

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despite the movement on the island to
reduce chemicals JP and his wife Marie.

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I don\'t think the new BT
potato is a better option.

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The same people that are producing
the genetically altered.

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Potatoes are also the same people
that we bought our chemicals off.

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And so therefore they
are losing out maybe on

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people buying chemicals
but they\'re the good guys

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because they\'re coming
up with an alternative

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And I\'m not so sure that
it\'s a good alternative.

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Well caldera knows who\'d
intimately on a cellular level.

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He\'s a plant cell biologist.

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Well I see it as evolution.

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Let\'s work backwards.

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If you look if you\'re on the in the
grocery store you\'re not going to see

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a genetically engineered
food product was looking

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dramatically different with some
new color a new taste. In fact you

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Most likely can\'t tell any difference.

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Well there\'s a long history
of science to this.

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It wasn\'t something that was developed
overnight and some dark laboratory.

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A couple of years ago will have
Keller is one of the creators

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of this new food from his lab at

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the University of Saskatchewan he pioneered
the genetic engineering of canola.

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We\'ve submitted those transgenic
canola seed samples about a week ago.

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I was wondering if you were able to
get a chance to work with them yeah.

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Transgenic is a word.

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You hear a lot in this lab.

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It means the transfer of
genes for wealth Keller.

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It\'s merely an extension of what\'s been
going on for centuries. Okay thank you.

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Since civilization since so we\'ve
become stationary and began farming.

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People have been doing plant breeding.

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They haven\'t making genetic
modifications and enhancing

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material for a yield for storability
for disease resistance.

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What he\'s referring to is classical
breeding crossing varieties of

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plants and animals to get the best breed
but that\'s only done within species.

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After all the birds and the bees
can only mate where they\'re

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supposed to genetic engineering changes all

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that enabling scientists for the
first time to cross species put

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a fish gene and a tomato a radish
into a plum a bacterium into a potato

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You\'ve got to pull back from this dependence
on this technology and look for another way.

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And Clark is a crop scientist
at Guelph University.

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She thinks we\'re on a dangerous track
with genetic engineering of foods.

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I think our children will look at us and
we\'ll we\'ll love will ask us why did we

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ever let this happen and

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why why didn\'t you do something I think
that\'s what they will say to us.

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And and I want to be able to say I tried
and debates these issues on the internet.

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And all I\'d place to warn of
the dangers of technology

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that he or she defends nature it\'s
like a boomerang. It\'s like a

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An elastic band you can stretch
it so far but eventually it\'ll

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break or it comes back on
you and nature gets even.

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And whether it\'s antibiotic resistance in us
DDT resistance in the malaria mosquitoes.

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Frogs with six legs you know
whatever it is it all comes home of

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initially and you don\'t have to wait for

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the catastrophe to happen to say
something isn\'t right here.

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One of the things that not
right according to JP Hendrick

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and is that bugs could become
resistant to this technology

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Insects has been able to survive through
thousands of years and have you

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tried to beat the insect
things that could be too late.

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You sort of have to live with everything.
Don\'t destroy it.

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That\'s the boy. Come on.

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He has great faith and the
resilience of nature whether

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it\'s a 600 pound pig or a
tiny potato beetle boy

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the Colorado potato beetle with before the
year 2 thousand we find today around the BUT

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they may have to increase
that level of 1000 more times

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but as he builds resistance
there\'s always a few.

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It is been there in nature
the Lord put it there.

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And so there\'s a few that I will
have no effect and they will breed.

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And what will happen then.

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So you\'re bound to develop a superbug

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And that\'s what\'s common.

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At Biotechnology conferences farmers meet

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with industry to discuss
ways around bug resistance.

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What we wanna do is understand the
genetics of the insect resistance.

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We can understand that then we
can better devise strategies.

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One strategy is planting crops
of normal potatoes nearby.

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So the bugs eat them too and
resistance is slow down.

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And if that doesn\'t work there
are always more options

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Back in the lab. I think

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as we know more about insect resistance
we can add more than one gene.

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The BT gene has a single gene.

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Eventually you kinda add genes that attack

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the insect problem in other
ways so that it will become

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very difficult if not
impossible for an insect to

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become resistant to all those
genes at the same time.

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The idea of a genetic cocktail worries.

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Critics of this technology.

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They argue we just don\'t know enough
about how these genes interact.

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That gene does not behave on its own.

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It behaves in interaction with other genes.

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So you\'re asking that gene to behave

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As part of a larger genetic
mill you that it\'s in.

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I think there are many inbuilt
regulations and guidelines.

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So I don\'t see it running wild.

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I don\'t see a Jurassic Park here.

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Will have Keller argues that the act of
transferring genes from one organism to another.

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It\'s so precise that nothing can go wrong.

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They simply pluck one gene from one
organism and shoot it into another.

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Automatically when these plants are made
we\'re looking for all types of other

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Side effects in terms of
vigor of the plant or

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any behavioral changes in terms
of the way it produces seed.

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This is all assessed in a
growth chamber on a greenhouse

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before or the plant even goes
anywhere out to the field.

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But an Clark worries about the
plant once it\'s in the field that

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the genetically altered
seed might blow into

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a neighbor\'s crop or
worse Create a new weed.

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Sometimes it\'s only a single gene
that separates a weed From a crop.

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Good example as well dotes.

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There\'s only one gene suppressor gene that
separates while notes from conventionals.

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So I gotta do is have that one gene moving.

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And you can create a wheat.

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And that new we\'d would
be herbicide resistant

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Meaning stronger herbicides
would be needed to kill it.

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Scenarios like that make the critics
wonder whose agenda is being served here.

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Jp Hendrick and thinks he knows

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multinationals wat in and they\'d
get in through this type of

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control it\'ll give them total
control and the farmers will

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be be a bunch of slaves
and their own industry.

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That\'s all they will be in the corporations
will control the food industry

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For this potluck dinner at the
high school and allow Saskatchewan

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everyone\'s pitched in the same way farmers
have helped each other for generations.

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The co-operative movement was born here.

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I tradition upheld by
people like many weeks.

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Many we\'ve as President of
the National Farmers Union.

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We use two as prairie farmers and as
farmers across this country recognize

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our interdependence and I think
that\'s very helpful in terms of

00:15:03.725 --> 00:15:08.269
community to recognize that you meet your
neighbors and the value of your neighbors

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Work together on it. What we\'ve

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now become is very dependent
on some corporate structures.

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We cannot move without fuel
without tractors without

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the corporates structures which
support now the farming industry.

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And I think in terms of culture in terms
of our understanding of each other.

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That\'s in fact any erosion that misleads
us into thinking we\'re independent when as

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a matter of fact we\'re we have
some very unfortunate dependencies

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She fears genetic engineering
will repeat the pattern of

00:15:53.900 --> 00:15:57.319
technological advances on
the farm better economies

00:15:57.320 --> 00:16:00.229
of scale bigger farm operations and

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farmers who don\'t embrace the
technology run the risk of going under.

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We have been worried that it\'s a technology

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which which might not serve the public
good and might not sort of farmers.

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Well in the long run

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Canola is the crop that\'s undergone more
genetic engineering than any other.

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And one of the scientists who made
that possible was wealth Keller.

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He knows that canola is the number two
cash crop in Canada that it represents

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60% of all the cooking
oil consumed here and

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it\'s a big export the Japanese
love it for their tempura.

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So with so much at stake he says
Let\'s make canola even better.

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They are relatively minor fine tuning
changes based on the modification

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of usually a single genetic entity

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out of the 50 some thousands of genes
that are there we need to bear in mind.

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This is a very small genetic change

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compared to the genetic base information
base that\'s there in the plant.

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The canola has been given a gene that
protects the plant from pesticides.

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So when these seedlings
become crops in the field

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they\'ll be able to withstand
stronger doses of weed killer.

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The canola will be what\'s
called herbicide tolerant.

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So the farmer can use

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the most powerful herbicide available
and the crop will be unharmed.

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But it can only be used
with the right seed and

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both products are usually
made by the same company.

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Monsanto has a seed that goes with

00:17:30.260 --> 00:17:34.249
its Roundup herbicide and another
industry giant agree though

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one to match its herbicide liberty link.

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And it\'s the greatest thing to
happen to connote since canola

00:17:40.880 --> 00:17:44.554
and it\'s such a nice one
to you by the seed.

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And then you\'re also constrained by the
chemical which will make the seed.

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In fact a superior performer.

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Companies investing in this
research certainly have

00:17:55.670 --> 00:17:58.549
something to gain or else they
wouldn\'t be making the investment.

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Brands Kennedy is head of the
seeds division for agree though.

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It\'s patented his seed called innovator.

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It was developed in partnership with governments
and the University of Saskatchewan.

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Most of the girls who are purchasing
innovator are purchasing it with

00:18:12.950 --> 00:18:16.429
the intention of using the liberty
herbicide. That was the point of view

00:18:16.430 --> 00:18:19.264
company developing it in the
first place wasn\'t only in Zen

00:18:19.265 --> 00:18:22.624
and there was a need in the
marketplace for a better.

00:18:22.625 --> 00:18:30.000
Weed control option is that we absolutely
need a herbicide resistant canola.

00:18:30.490 --> 00:18:34.384
As farmers we didn\'t think so.

00:18:34.385 --> 00:18:41.359
I mean there wasn\'t a farm level
cry for that kind of canola.

00:18:41.360 --> 00:18:45.394
But it has caught on with
farmers in a big way

00:18:45.395 --> 00:18:49.609
genetically altered canola
was first planted in 1995.

00:18:49.610 --> 00:18:53.599
By the end of this year just two
years later a million acres

00:18:53.600 --> 00:18:55.384
of the new canola will be grown.

00:18:55.385 --> 00:18:59.189
That\'s 1 tenth of the entire crop in Canada

00:18:59.190 --> 00:19:01.509
So why have farmers embrace

00:19:01.510 --> 00:19:04.929
this technology will many like
the one who lives on this farm.

00:19:04.930 --> 00:19:08.060
Simply don\'t want to be left behind.

00:19:09.000 --> 00:19:12.369
Most of the girl that I
grow and will be growing

00:19:12.370 --> 00:19:14.769
for the foreseeable future
is a genetically altered.

00:19:14.770 --> 00:19:16.509
Can all let just has a lot more things

00:19:16.510 --> 00:19:19.029
going for it than some of
these older varieties do.

00:19:19.030 --> 00:19:25.689
For Wayne black the new canola is part of
the evolution of technology on the farm.

00:19:25.690 --> 00:19:31.449
When you look at the most
basic form of technology

00:19:31.450 --> 00:19:33.489
you look at these animals behind us here

00:19:33.490 --> 00:19:36.954
and it wasn\'t that many years
ago they were pulling PLOS.

00:19:36.955 --> 00:19:39.459
No we\'re using four-wheel
drive trappers that\'s

00:19:39.460 --> 00:19:41.909
technology and kind of the most basic sense

00:19:41.910 --> 00:19:44.119
But it is technology nevertheless.

00:19:44.120 --> 00:19:48.949
But yesterday\'s plow is a long
way from today\'s contracts.

00:19:48.950 --> 00:19:52.849
The grower shall use any purchased
Roundup Ready canola for

00:19:52.850 --> 00:19:58.099
planting one and only one crop for resale
for consumption the grower agrees not to

00:19:58.100 --> 00:20:02.869
save seed produced from Roundup Ready canola
for the purpose of replanting NORC to that\'s

00:20:02.870 --> 00:20:08.029
the contract Wayne signed with Monsanto in
order to grow their herbicide tolerance.

00:20:08.030 --> 00:20:12.394
Canola Wayne has agreed not to
replant any seeds from his crop.

00:20:12.395 --> 00:20:16.519
He also has to buy Monsanto\'s
herbicide and he must pay a fee to

00:20:16.520 --> 00:20:20.944
the company for every acre of
canola that\'s grown. A company

00:20:20.945 --> 00:20:23.164
First of all it costs us $50 maker.

00:20:23.165 --> 00:20:25.654
And that\'s just the right to grow.
That\'s just the right to grow at that.

00:20:25.655 --> 00:20:29.479
It\'s called a technology Use
Agreement and its Monsanto\'s

00:20:29.480 --> 00:20:33.499
way of recouping it\'s sizable
investment into researching the seed.

00:20:33.500 --> 00:20:36.349
This agreement says that I
agree to allow them to come on

00:20:36.350 --> 00:20:39.379
to my farm not only for this
year but for three years

00:20:39.380 --> 00:20:41.779
after this and to check all of

00:20:41.780 --> 00:20:45.889
canola growth to make sure that I didn\'t
keep back some seed in em growing.

00:20:45.890 --> 00:20:49.519
Their variety of seed without paying
the technology use agreement.

00:20:49.520 --> 00:20:53.269
And what if they find that you\'ve been
well from what we understand there\'s

00:20:53.270 --> 00:20:57.559
some opportunity for them to leveled
some some very hefty fines.

00:20:57.560 --> 00:21:00.334
I\'ve heard as high as up
to $5 thousand an acre

00:21:00.335 --> 00:21:03.799
Wayne black believes the
canola is a superior product.

00:21:03.800 --> 00:21:06.469
So it doesn\'t mind giving
up a little independence.

00:21:06.470 --> 00:21:09.889
Not every company\'s relationship
with farmers is as restrictive as

00:21:09.890 --> 00:21:14.914
Monsanto\'s but there are signs everywhere
of pressure to buy into the technology.

00:21:14.915 --> 00:21:18.499
Agree Vose brand Kennedy says
it\'s still up to the farmer to

00:21:18.500 --> 00:21:23.494
decide our message to the farmer
is still that he has a choice.

00:21:23.495 --> 00:21:26.119
This new product develops
through biotechnology will

00:21:26.120 --> 00:21:29.749
either increase yields or
improve a quality at the end of

00:21:29.750 --> 00:21:32.929
a day it\'ll increase the returns

00:21:32.930 --> 00:21:36.349
on his investment increased the
returns from his farming operation.

00:21:36.350 --> 00:21:40.129
Would you and your husband ever consider
planting genetically engineered crops

00:21:40.130 --> 00:21:43.639
Well we\'re caught where all
other farm families are caught.

00:21:43.640 --> 00:21:46.339
And that isn\'t a place where
we have when we have to

00:21:46.340 --> 00:21:49.159
make the calculation of whether
we adopt this technology

00:21:49.160 --> 00:21:55.249
or we go under than we adopted some
say in the not-too-distant future.

00:21:55.250 --> 00:21:59.554
Every product in the supermarket will
have genetically altered ingredients.

00:21:59.555 --> 00:22:03.874
A brave new world of
possibilities independence

00:22:03.875 --> 00:22:10.320
West innovation new leap maximizer freedom.

00:22:13.720 --> 00:22:17.419
On Prince Edward Island to farmers spread

00:22:17.420 --> 00:22:21.810
the word that the genetically
altered potato has arrived

00:22:28.500 --> 00:22:32.049
What does a Yeah Richard Garland den

00:22:32.050 --> 00:22:35.364
Alice had been growing the new
leaf potato for three years.

00:22:35.365 --> 00:22:39.579
Now they distribute the product so more
farmers on the island can grow it.

00:22:39.580 --> 00:22:42.219
Even though it is a
genetically altered potato

00:22:42.220 --> 00:22:44.919
they reassure farmers that
only the science makes it

00:22:44.920 --> 00:22:50.799
different than it looks feels and most
importantly tastes the same as any other potato.

00:22:50.800 --> 00:22:55.239
They explain that the potatoes got
a new gene that makes it toxic to

00:22:55.240 --> 00:23:00.290
the dreaded potato beetle so the
farmer can cut down on pesticides

00:23:05.890 --> 00:23:11.029
So far only about 4% of the
farmers on the island are growing

00:23:11.030 --> 00:23:13.639
the new leaf potato but
that number is expected to

00:23:13.640 --> 00:23:18.214
climb as farmers develop more of a
comfort level with the science.

00:23:18.215 --> 00:23:24.199
But the pitch for biotechnology goes
way beyond a two-man campaign on PEI.

00:23:24.200 --> 00:23:27.889
That is a great market
and a great place for

00:23:27.890 --> 00:23:33.154
biotech is to uncover possibility
for joint venture partners.

00:23:33.155 --> 00:23:38.059
Help companies grow at this
biotechnology trade fair in Toronto.

00:23:38.060 --> 00:23:42.319
It\'s easy to see that the industry
is growing fast in candidates

00:23:42.320 --> 00:23:47.329
barely a decade old but already has revenues
of more than a billion dollars a year

00:23:47.330 --> 00:23:52.504
food pharmaceuticals environmental
products it\'s all called Life Sciences.

00:23:52.505 --> 00:23:57.379
And everyone\'s getting in on the act including
Saskatchewan scientist will have Keller.

00:23:57.380 --> 00:24:01.954
It will become more reliable
and more friendly more easy to

00:24:01.955 --> 00:24:07.309
understand and it will be accepted them
the same way that the PC is accepted.

00:24:07.310 --> 00:24:12.390
I wanted the first computers were probably
considered marginal against the typewriter.

00:24:12.520 --> 00:24:17.299
And now that the technologies in the
food chain the industry claims that

00:24:17.300 --> 00:24:22.140
the new foods especially crops
have great potential for everyone.

00:24:22.270 --> 00:24:28.969
Defenders of biotechnology argue that these
new crops will benefit humanity that with

00:24:28.970 --> 00:24:30.679
one person dying from starvation

00:24:30.680 --> 00:24:35.374
every 15 seconds we have a moral
obligation to develop these crops.

00:24:35.375 --> 00:24:38.554
Ones with higher yields are ones
that could survive a drought.

00:24:38.555 --> 00:24:42.049
And with an exploding global
population the urgency to

00:24:42.050 --> 00:24:46.710
produce more food in less
space is greater than ever.

00:24:56.170 --> 00:25:00.979
As head of the National Farmers
Union many we\'ve as conscious about

00:25:00.980 --> 00:25:05.119
the new technology and doesn\'t buy the
argument that it will feed the world

00:25:05.120 --> 00:25:10.609
She says she\'s heard that
before in 1974 when they had

00:25:10.610 --> 00:25:15.799
the last World Food Summit all of the
enthusiasm at that point was that

00:25:15.800 --> 00:25:18.169
we would feed the world with
the Green Revolution and

00:25:18.170 --> 00:25:21.184
new technological fix would
help us feed the world.

00:25:21.185 --> 00:25:23.839
22 years later we are contemplating

00:25:23.840 --> 00:25:28.549
some 800 million people in the
world who are food insecure.

00:25:28.550 --> 00:25:30.630
They say hungry.

00:25:31.450 --> 00:25:39.450
We are again being told that what we have
now is a new technological fix called

00:25:39.650 --> 00:25:42.600
a biotechnology are all.

00:25:42.610 --> 00:25:46.774
Yeah if you\'ve got room there\'s
a great deal of doubt about how

00:25:46.775 --> 00:25:50.704
ecological sustainability is how
dangerous it is for the environment.

00:25:50.705 --> 00:25:55.999
And there is complete skepticism that the
poorest of the poor who are the hungry will in

00:25:56.000 --> 00:26:01.999
fact be aided at all by this high tech
highly capitalised new mode of production.

00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:04.609
Brand Kennedy as head of
the seeds division at

00:26:04.610 --> 00:26:08.239
agree VO and argues that technology
could make a difference x0.

00:26:08.240 --> 00:26:14.119
Use of biotechnology will
enhance the supply of food.

00:26:14.120 --> 00:26:16.954
Speaking specifically of plants.

00:26:16.955 --> 00:26:20.494
The estimate is that biotechnology
will increase yields

00:26:20.495 --> 00:26:23.524
On on which crop you\'re
speaking about but generally

00:26:23.525 --> 00:26:26.959
could increase yields
anywhere from 25 to 50%.

00:26:26.960 --> 00:26:31.414
Over the course of the next ten to
15 years what\'s missing there is

00:26:31.415 --> 00:26:36.529
any sort of analysis of who produces
that food who controls that food.

00:26:36.530 --> 00:26:42.390
And who in the end we\'ll decide who gets
to have lunch and who does something.

00:26:45.730 --> 00:26:50.989
But once lunch is served it\'s
impossible to know what you\'re eating.

00:26:50.990 --> 00:26:54.709
The New Leaf potatoes grown
on PEI aren\'t identified as

00:26:54.710 --> 00:26:59.074
genetically altered the families who
grow them may know the science inside.

00:26:59.075 --> 00:27:02.640
But the rest of us don\'t
because they\'re not label

00:27:03.360 --> 00:27:10.254
Better than a big potato although scientists
have basically done their homework.

00:27:10.255 --> 00:27:13.509
And I think we\'ll let that speak for

00:27:13.510 --> 00:27:18.849
itself last year to test the market
the company tried labeling them.

00:27:18.850 --> 00:27:20.904
Consumer response was poor.

00:27:20.905 --> 00:27:22.704
So the labels were pulled.

00:27:22.705 --> 00:27:26.780
There\'s nothing in food
regulations that requires it.

00:27:31.200 --> 00:27:36.009
I want to welcome you all and thank
you for coming this morning.

00:27:36.010 --> 00:27:38.540
Pertains to Canada

00:27:44.710 --> 00:27:48.859
At a luncheon in downtown
Toronto environmental groups

00:27:48.860 --> 00:27:51.499
invite the media to see
some of the new foods that

00:27:51.500 --> 00:27:54.499
science is serving up they
want to draw attention to

00:27:54.500 --> 00:27:57.919
the fact that genetically altered
foods aren\'t labeled Chef.

00:27:57.920 --> 00:27:59.119
Jamie Kennedy is making

00:27:59.120 --> 00:28:03.079
potato pancakes that may or may not
have genetically altered ingredients.

00:28:03.080 --> 00:28:10.624
He doesn\'t know or more conscious or
aware of the foods they eat and others.

00:28:10.625 --> 00:28:14.284
But I think everybody likes
to have the choice to know

00:28:14.285 --> 00:28:18.574
whether or not they\'re using some
age has been genetically engineer.

00:28:18.575 --> 00:28:23.209
I\'m presenting a delicious
smelling plate of

00:28:23.210 --> 00:28:27.889
corn and potato pancakes that
could have been made with corn

00:28:27.890 --> 00:28:33.799
genetically engineered corn crops potatoes
that contain genetically engineered.

00:28:33.800 --> 00:28:37.819
Toxins fried in canola oil that could

00:28:37.820 --> 00:28:41.749
have been genetically engineered
to be tolerant of herbicides.

00:28:41.750 --> 00:28:44.599
Tony MA Quayle is an organic farmer in

00:28:44.600 --> 00:28:49.669
southern Ontario who\'s joined the
campaign against bio engineered foods.

00:28:49.670 --> 00:28:53.089
I certainly don\'t want to be
eating New Leaf potatoes or

00:28:53.090 --> 00:28:57.870
corn plants with this toxin
embedded in their very sell makeup.

00:29:00.940 --> 00:29:04.639
There are now 18 genetically
altered foods on

00:29:04.640 --> 00:29:07.909
the market and across town at
a food industry conference

00:29:07.910 --> 00:29:10.264
the man who approves them Paul mares.

00:29:10.265 --> 00:29:14.119
He\'s head of the Office of biotechnology
and health candidate and says

00:29:14.120 --> 00:29:18.724
the new foods are subject to the same
safety guidelines as normal foods.

00:29:18.725 --> 00:29:22.864
Once they\'re demonstrated to be a safe and
nutritious as a conventional product.

00:29:22.865 --> 00:29:25.789
Health Canada has no basis on which to

00:29:25.790 --> 00:29:29.899
require those products to be treated
differently than a conventional product.

00:29:29.900 --> 00:29:33.709
He says the fact that the foods
may have been genetically altered

00:29:33.710 --> 00:29:37.669
only matters if things like
nutritional content are affected.

00:29:37.670 --> 00:29:41.389
If the genetic material were coming from

00:29:41.390 --> 00:29:46.144
a source that was known to produce
toxins known to produce allergens.

00:29:46.145 --> 00:29:50.044
These are already risks
that are in the food supply

00:29:50.045 --> 00:29:54.484
We would be concerned about those whether
it was genetically modified or not.

00:29:54.485 --> 00:29:56.209
Mark wind field is with

00:29:56.210 --> 00:29:58.669
the Canadian Institute for
Environmental Law and

00:29:58.670 --> 00:30:01.654
Policy and thinks these foods
should be treated differently.

00:30:01.655 --> 00:30:06.634
There has been an anon unseemly rush to
get these products onto the marketplace.

00:30:06.635 --> 00:30:10.309
Before either the regulatory
framework has really

00:30:10.310 --> 00:30:14.069
been established properly or in
some ways even more seriously.

00:30:14.070 --> 00:30:17.299
The science to assess these products from

00:30:17.300 --> 00:30:19.849
both an environmental perspective

00:30:19.850 --> 00:30:22.924
and a human health perspective
is really only just emerging.

00:30:22.925 --> 00:30:26.269
He also criticizes Health
Canada for relying

00:30:26.270 --> 00:30:30.379
solely on company data to assess
the safety of these products

00:30:30.380 --> 00:30:34.999
Health Canada doesn\'t conduct
specific testing on the product.

00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:38.764
What we do is review the
information generated

00:30:38.765 --> 00:30:43.399
by the proponent of the product to
demonstrate it safety that\'s Crick

00:30:43.400 --> 00:30:46.399
comes from the company that the information
comes from the company because

00:30:46.400 --> 00:30:50.059
the safety of the product
is the responsibility of

00:30:50.060 --> 00:30:55.519
the company health Canada\'s role is to
ensure that that information has been

00:30:55.520 --> 00:30:58.219
collected and does in fact
demonstrate the safety of

00:30:58.220 --> 00:31:01.564
that product Health candidate has no
independent testing of his product.

00:31:01.565 --> 00:31:07.729
That\'s correct. But there are people who think
Health Canada isn\'t looking out for them.

00:31:07.730 --> 00:31:13.024
Janet woke has celiac disease and already
has to watch your diet very carefully

00:31:13.025 --> 00:31:16.849
Celiacs have a severe allergy
to the protein found in wheat.

00:31:16.850 --> 00:31:19.414
So many foods like bread are ruled out.

00:31:19.415 --> 00:31:21.979
But the potato has always
been safe for her.

00:31:21.980 --> 00:31:25.264
Now she\'s not so sure it extra ones.

00:31:25.265 --> 00:31:31.114
Even if it were approaching
that they consider safe.

00:31:31.115 --> 00:31:34.999
Any new protein could possibly cause

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:40.684
the same result as the protein
that the celiac cannot have.

00:31:40.685 --> 00:31:45.409
How do we know that we do know a lot about

00:31:45.410 --> 00:31:47.959
allergens that are already
in the food supply but we

00:31:47.960 --> 00:31:50.779
also know a lot about allergens themselves.

00:31:50.780 --> 00:31:52.819
And so we can assess

00:31:52.820 --> 00:31:56.179
essential for a protein that\'s
introduced to be an elegant.

00:31:56.180 --> 00:32:00.289
And in fact for each of these proteins
that\'s introduced we do exactly that.

00:32:00.290 --> 00:32:04.684
We assess the potential for that
protein to be a food allergen.

00:32:04.685 --> 00:32:09.229
Despite these reassurances Janet
woke would rather not buy

00:32:09.230 --> 00:32:14.509
these foods but that choice has been taken
away from her because they\'re not labeled.

00:32:14.510 --> 00:32:20.970
I fear now that theatre
basic foods such as corn.

00:32:21.280 --> 00:32:26.419
These are being altered or in the process
of being altered and I have no way of

00:32:26.420 --> 00:32:32.344
knowing what they\'re going
to put into these foods.

00:32:32.345 --> 00:32:35.329
The products that are on the market

00:32:35.330 --> 00:32:41.044
they are safe and nutritious and
none of the products to date

00:32:41.045 --> 00:32:43.429
have raised safety concerns
which would require

00:32:43.430 --> 00:32:47.194
Health Canada to require special labeling.

00:32:47.195 --> 00:32:50.599
There have been protests in
Europe over the labeling issue.

00:32:50.600 --> 00:32:54.469
So some countries like Great Britain
have responded by labeling some of

00:32:54.470 --> 00:32:56.899
the new foods Denmark
and the Netherlands are

00:32:56.900 --> 00:33:00.424
considering it to but North
America as a harder sell.

00:33:00.425 --> 00:33:04.444
So groups like Greenpeace you scare
tactics calling the new crops.

00:33:04.445 --> 00:33:06.600
A biohazard

00:33:18.580 --> 00:33:24.559
At a church in downtown Toronto Brewster
100n is leading a crusade of his.

00:33:24.560 --> 00:33:30.469
He\'s a preacher a farmer and an outspoken
critic of bio engineered food.

00:33:30.470 --> 00:33:35.149
I think it\'s becoming more and more
obvious to people that we must free

00:33:35.150 --> 00:33:40.939
ourselves from the market as the
defining character of a society.

00:33:40.940 --> 00:33:44.044
The problem is that we are
conducting an experiment.

00:33:44.045 --> 00:33:48.304
In this case I mean where do you
look throwing my BT potatoes or

00:33:48.305 --> 00:33:54.349
BT corn or herbicide tolerant
corn Roundup Ready soy beans.

00:33:54.350 --> 00:33:59.613
Any of these things. They
are experiments conducted

00:33:59.614 --> 00:34:02.779
on an unwitting public.

00:34:02.780 --> 00:34:05.029
And it may take years to find

00:34:05.030 --> 00:34:13.030
out the words leaving many are one
body for we all share in one grid.

00:34:15.605 --> 00:34:19.350
That\'s built off of on Earth.

00:34:25.630 --> 00:34:30.394
It\'s not often Brewster need
is invited to universities.

00:34:30.395 --> 00:34:35.434
He\'s known to ruffle feathers and this day
at the University of Guelph is no exception.

00:34:35.435 --> 00:34:39.900
He challenges the integrity
of universities themselves.

00:34:43.660 --> 00:34:47.779
In order to get a PhD today in
agriculture you\'ve got to have

00:34:47.780 --> 00:34:51.739
a corporate sponsor because nobody
else is gonna pay for your research.

00:34:51.740 --> 00:34:56.944
And what does that do to science and we\'ve
really gotta tackle those questions

00:34:56.945 --> 00:34:59.119
Because what you\'re doing
and that of course is

00:34:59.120 --> 00:35:02.700
eliminating diversity
systematically and deliberately.

00:35:06.040 --> 00:35:09.799
And Clark says she\'s seen that firsthand.

00:35:09.800 --> 00:35:13.159
She\'s a crop scientist at the
University of Guelph and says

00:35:13.160 --> 00:35:16.909
faculty look to corporations for
research money because public funding is

00:35:16.910 --> 00:35:21.799
drying up and were encouraged to seek out
relationships with different companies

00:35:21.800 --> 00:35:27.364
and get money from them to do the
research and I think it\'s unethical.

00:35:27.365 --> 00:35:29.749
I understand why it\'s happening but it\'s

00:35:29.750 --> 00:35:32.524
something I\'m not prepared to do.
Trying to get something.

00:35:32.525 --> 00:35:33.739
There\'s a compromise.

00:35:33.740 --> 00:35:39.304
Well I think that a partnership between the
public and private sectors is healthy.

00:35:39.305 --> 00:35:41.929
We\'ll have Keller\'s research
into genetically altered.

00:35:41.930 --> 00:35:46.729
Canola was partly funded by a seed company
in partnership with governments and

00:35:46.730 --> 00:35:49.219
the University of Saskatchewan have

00:35:49.220 --> 00:35:53.344
some private sector activity
does encourage more research.

00:35:53.345 --> 00:35:57.229
If you take a look at our industrial research
park here there quite a few companies.

00:35:57.230 --> 00:36:00.768
They\'ve created employment opportunities
they generate new technologies

00:36:00.769 --> 00:36:04.249
new products and there
is a consumer demand.

00:36:04.250 --> 00:36:07.894
If these are good products there\'ll be a
consumer demand and there are spin off.

00:36:07.895 --> 00:36:12.574
What progress means to some
farmers is simply the unknown.

00:36:12.575 --> 00:36:18.814
If you\'re concerned about growing food
and have a healthy soil you can do it.

00:36:18.815 --> 00:36:21.484
Along with mother nature of course

00:36:21.485 --> 00:36:24.319
Gored Hamlin stopped using pesticides

00:36:24.320 --> 00:36:27.934
30 years ago after he developed
severe allergies to them.

00:36:27.935 --> 00:36:30.574
Now he\'s a certified organic farmer.

00:36:30.575 --> 00:36:33.919
And as such he can\'t grow the
genetically altered crops.

00:36:33.920 --> 00:36:37.429
And instead of chemicals He uses
more natural methods to grow

00:36:37.430 --> 00:36:42.900
his grain like rotating crops so the
soil is nurtured by different plants.

00:36:44.050 --> 00:36:48.469
The conventional farmers that
they will use fertilizer.

00:36:48.470 --> 00:36:51.724
Liquid nitrogen or granules.

00:36:51.725 --> 00:36:52.969
We can\'t do that.

00:36:52.970 --> 00:36:57.960
So therefore we have to use different crops
to put the nutrients back in the soil.

00:36:58.330 --> 00:37:04.444
Gourd Hamlin takes pride in the fact
that his techniques may be somewhat

00:37:04.445 --> 00:37:09.589
Here is a sample of a Polish
they call it a Polish pollute.

00:37:09.590 --> 00:37:12.634
It\'s what our current
drums were derived from.

00:37:12.635 --> 00:37:17.659
It\'s the seed dates back
to about 2 thousand years.

00:37:17.660 --> 00:37:21.304
This variety just to boat went extinct.

00:37:21.305 --> 00:37:27.949
And I got a friend that knew that I wanted to
grow this and sent me some in a match box.

00:37:27.950 --> 00:37:30.829
And I generated the seeds from

00:37:30.830 --> 00:37:35.914
a little sample in the Matchbox to know
that I\'ll have a boat 4050 acres of it.

00:37:35.915 --> 00:37:39.829
Farmers like gourd Hamlin
run the risk of becoming

00:37:39.830 --> 00:37:44.460
like the relics in his
yard out of sync with time

00:37:45.400 --> 00:37:49.429
The farm of Wayne black
wouldn\'t be guilty of that.

00:37:49.430 --> 00:37:54.649
Here as on many farms in the prairies
genetically engineered canola is being grown.

00:37:54.650 --> 00:37:59.704
And unlike the organic farmer wing
black isn\'t allowed to keep his seeds.

00:37:59.705 --> 00:38:03.229
He\'s obliged by a contract
with the company Monsanto

00:38:03.230 --> 00:38:07.234
to return any harvested canola
seeds that didn\'t go to market.

00:38:07.235 --> 00:38:11.194
That means he can\'t replant them
or sell them at a later date.

00:38:11.195 --> 00:38:15.750
It\'s the company\'s way of keeping
control of the canola crops.

00:38:17.830 --> 00:38:22.879
These tiny seeds have been
fortified against pesticides so

00:38:22.880 --> 00:38:27.964
Wayne can spray his field with a powerful
weed killer and not harm the canola

00:38:27.965 --> 00:38:31.129
Under the contract we\'re
obligated to deliver to

00:38:31.130 --> 00:38:32.839
a crushing crushing company all of

00:38:32.840 --> 00:38:36.079
the rigor all of genetically
altered canola that we grow.

00:38:36.080 --> 00:38:40.129
And as you can see a little bit was just
kinda stuck in the bottom of the beam there.

00:38:40.130 --> 00:38:43.290
And that\'s the genetically altered canola

00:38:43.510 --> 00:38:49.624
There\'s a global patent on the gene that\'s
been inserted into these canola seeds.

00:38:49.625 --> 00:38:54.960
The company agree VO owns a similar
patent on its canola variety.

00:38:56.890 --> 00:39:02.629
Or would be in violation of a law
if he kept his own seed and sold

00:39:02.630 --> 00:39:07.849
it sold that seed to any other
customer brands Kennedy

00:39:07.850 --> 00:39:10.939
argues that patents are necessary
for companies to recoup

00:39:10.940 --> 00:39:14.329
their investment because it
costs about a $100 million to

00:39:14.330 --> 00:39:20.209
develop a new seed a patent or abuse of
plant breeder rights by by a plant breeder

00:39:20.210 --> 00:39:26.464
is is a mechanism which entitle set

00:39:26.465 --> 00:39:32.329
Developer to some rights it assures
that developer that if his product if

00:39:32.330 --> 00:39:38.659
this product is commercialized that he\'s
protected against others using that product.

00:39:38.660 --> 00:39:41.809
It protects him in that sense and allows

00:39:41.810 --> 00:39:43.639
the marketplace to provide him with

00:39:43.640 --> 00:39:46.099
some returns on his investment
over a certain period of

00:39:46.100 --> 00:39:49.789
time and of course now this is being

00:39:49.790 --> 00:39:53.989
manifest most blatantly in the
patenting of lifeforms the patenting

00:39:53.990 --> 00:39:57.739
of genetic material the
patenting of seeds and

00:39:57.740 --> 00:40:02.209
claiming that somehow
we can own life. And I

00:40:02.210 --> 00:40:03.844
think it\'s outrageous.

00:40:03.845 --> 00:40:07.129
These people did not invent this
material they\'ve shuffled it around but

00:40:07.130 --> 00:40:12.124
the delay claim on something
that nature creates.

00:40:12.125 --> 00:40:16.864
I don\'t I mean it\'s no more reasonable than
wanting to patent my baby or something.

00:40:16.865 --> 00:40:18.619
You know it\'s the same same as that.

00:40:18.620 --> 00:40:20.314
No this is not morally acceptable.

00:40:20.315 --> 00:40:24.154
Even Wayne black thinks there
should be limits on biotechnology.

00:40:24.155 --> 00:40:26.374
He draws the line at his animals.

00:40:26.375 --> 00:40:31.969
Livestock to us are are are living things
where well we know plants are living things.

00:40:31.970 --> 00:40:36.934
Well they don\'t seem to have the same
liveliness as a living animal does.

00:40:36.935 --> 00:40:40.759
I don\'t have any problems
whatsoever with with genetically

00:40:40.760 --> 00:40:44.479
altering our canola and the other
crops that will come down the road

00:40:44.480 --> 00:40:47.149
I don\'t have to think about
whether or not I would be

00:40:47.150 --> 00:40:51.090
supportive of doing that in our
livestock curves at the moment.

00:40:51.250 --> 00:40:54.124
Sciences we\'ve found out.

00:40:54.125 --> 00:40:56.794
It\'s not just a study of things.

00:40:56.795 --> 00:40:59.389
It always opens up new questions.

00:40:59.390 --> 00:41:02.989
It opens up new abilities and with
genetic engineering we\'ve reached

00:41:02.990 --> 00:41:07.039
a point where all of a sudden
we can create new organisms.

00:41:07.040 --> 00:41:09.469
These students in Saskatchewan
are familiar with

00:41:09.470 --> 00:41:12.499
the topic many of their
families work in agriculture.

00:41:12.500 --> 00:41:16.864
So decisions on whether to embrace the
new technology are already being formed.

00:41:16.865 --> 00:41:21.379
You don\'t know what kind of effect
the genetically altered plants will

00:41:21.380 --> 00:41:23.479
have on our environment and on

00:41:23.480 --> 00:41:26.629
other plants that maybe they
crossbreed with or anything like that.

00:41:26.630 --> 00:41:28.849
Things like cloning cows and stuff.

00:41:28.850 --> 00:41:33.169
They maybe certain bacterias
that will kill off that whole

00:41:33.170 --> 00:41:35.569
that whole herd of cows looking

00:41:35.570 --> 00:41:38.764
your canola is right now you\'re
getting herbicide resistant.

00:41:38.765 --> 00:41:41.389
So you just go in and
spray your entire field.

00:41:41.390 --> 00:41:43.384
It takes up just about all the weeds.

00:41:43.385 --> 00:41:45.784
And that\'s a good way of
cleaning up your field.

00:41:45.785 --> 00:41:49.939
We can produce better crops
maybe for a cheaper cost.

00:41:49.940 --> 00:41:53.269
But what happens if we start
thinking alive this power to

00:41:53.270 --> 00:41:57.319
create and then we take it to
a new level and say well I

00:41:57.320 --> 00:42:02.464
want to look a certain way or I want to
have children that act a certain way

00:42:02.465 --> 00:42:05.119
are we going to take that power
too far and create something that

00:42:05.120 --> 00:42:08.629
we shouldn\'t or try and play God

00:42:08.630 --> 00:42:14.760
After 40 years of farming gourd
Hamlin wouldn\'t think of playing God.

00:42:18.940 --> 00:42:23.284
He and his wife Hilda have learned
that you can\'t control nature.

00:42:23.285 --> 00:42:25.500
You have to work with it.

00:42:25.540 --> 00:42:28.879
We\'ve had some bad crops and
we\'ve had some good crops.

00:42:28.880 --> 00:42:33.589
So it\'s something that you just
have the name of the game.

00:42:33.590 --> 00:42:36.949
You have to be able to accept
some whims and some losses.

00:42:36.950 --> 00:42:40.549
That\'s just the way agriculture
is and Mother Nature.

00:42:40.550 --> 00:42:46.380
Meeting. Vacation.

00:42:50.200 --> 00:42:57.064
Even if gourd Hamlin gets his way if the
biotechnology revolution is somehow slowed down.

00:42:57.065 --> 00:43:01.129
Or if there are new government
controls for these new foods one thing

00:43:01.130 --> 00:43:06.030
is for certain nature will
never be the same again.

00:43:11.230 --> 00:43:15.390
For the National i\'m jennifer Scott