WEBVTT

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This new global economy has tended to
split the haves and the have-nots.

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Industrialized countries are producing
excessive greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

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We in the South are the
ones that have to suffer

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From the consequences of global
climate change and natural disasters.

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If we take into account gold silver

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all the natural resources that were

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stolen or from our countries
during the whole colonial period.

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We can ask the question
who wants who we are all

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enslaved by the global economy that we
live in the context of as people of faith.

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We need to hold up that there
is a God of justice that

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calls for a very different
way of ordering our world

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We are living in a privileged
time so many developments from

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the new economy and new technology that
are potential benefit to all of humanity.

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But if we\'re honest we also
recognize that the gap

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between the haves and the
have-nots is only growing.

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Globalization is an idea that\'s
talked about a lot today.

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But in fact it\'s been
looked at primarily as

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an economic construct the bringing together

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of markets around the world and
the bringing down boundaries.

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In fact when we look at the functioning
of globalization with things like

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the heavy debt burden that

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the most impoverished countries
are carrying on their shoulders

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We\'re beginning to recognize
that globalization is not simply

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an economic issue but one that also
requires our ethical imagination.

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Campaigns to cancel the third
world good UNDP\'s Global Course

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Why foreign debt has

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a devastating impact on the majority
of the world\'s poorest countries.

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Owners debt payments effectively
prevent governance from investing in

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their own economies and
developing or improving

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essential services needed
by their populations.

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For every $1 in foreign aid from the north
nearly $7 returns in debt payments.

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Approximately $485 billion is owed to
the wealthy industrialized nations by

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the world\'s poorest countries was 35%
of public revenues. The desert was dead

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Where do you get the money to pay the
civil service do vary the police.

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Then have money to improve your education
and one of the easiest things that

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did the rich countries could do for
countries not all of us know the rules.

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When you take on debt you have a
responsibility to pay it back.

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But not all debt issues are so simple.

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Often there are other factors
including exploitation including

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historical injustice that affect the
ability of a country to pay back its debt.

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In the 19 sixties and seventies
banks were awash in money from opec

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Cold War era developing
nations were encouraged to

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borrow heavily for strategic
and political reasons.

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They relied on the export of commodities
such as coffee sugar for income.

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But in the 19 seventies

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a major global recession interest rates
skyrocketed while commodity prices collapsed.

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Rising interest rates meant that the
developing countries owed almost four

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times as much in 1997 as they did in 1980.

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The international agencies mishandled problem
with development completely not on the

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whole I think because they were too

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tough in the relevant period
because they were much too slack.

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I mean essentially this problem has arisen

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Because countries were encouraged or

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allowed to borrow for completely
and viable economic programs.

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Some of them just grotesque run
by governments which essentially

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didn\'t know what they were doing or if they
did it wasn\'t beneficial to their population.

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This country is worn able to generate
the kind of income and the kind of

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growth in income that would have allowed
them to grow essentially grew out of debt.

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We in the most developed economies are quite
comfortable with the concept of bankruptcy.

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In fact economists and bankers expect

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a certain number of corporations
companies or even individuals

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Go bankrupt each year and we\'ve created

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a legal system to protect those
people and to allow them to recover.

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And what we don\'t have is the same
imagination applied to debt for countries in

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the 19 nineties lending countries extended

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debt repayment schedules and
negotiated debt relief.

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The World Bank and the International
Monetary Fund created

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the heavily indebted poor
countries initiative hippie OK.

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I think this is a breakthrough.

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It\'s the first time that there is a
methodology of dealing with debt in

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a comprehensive way to give countries the
possibility of exiting from unsustainable debt.

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The World Bank will establish and manage
the trust van to deliver the debt relief.

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For those countries is an
indication of our resolve to

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support this initiative that the
bank has committed $500 million.

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This HIPC Initiative
coordinated all creditors.

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It was designed so that the IMF and
World Bank might be able to write off

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uncollectable debt means
where there was parts of

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the debts for which countries
were already in default.

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The indebted countries were required to
implement structural adjustment programs.

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Structural adjustment doesn\'t work because it
prioritizes debt repayment overdevelopment

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And countries are not free to spend as they
would like and as they need to on things like

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education social services health care

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things that are required to build healthy
countries and healthy economies.

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They\'re required to orient their
economies towards export production.

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So you get things like
monocrop agriculture.

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Sweatshop labor all designed to pull in
foreign exchange to pay down the debt.

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There\'s actually a co-relation between
countries that have been under

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structural adjustment for the longest time
and an increase in their debt burden.

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Dc international financial institution
are talking about poverty reduction

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I will say yes they are reducing the
poverty precisely killing poor people.

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Refusing them the right
to eat descent food.

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Or if you seen these people the
right to have a decent employment.

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In the mid 19 nineties the
Jubilee 2 thousand began to

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build momentum as a grassroots
movement of anti debt groups.

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This campaign mobilized concerned
citizens and decision makers around

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the world have been proposing a radical
agenda for global social transformation.

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The goal of the Jubilee was to reduce poverty
in the poorest nations of the world.

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Gathering over 24 million signatures
worldwide they petitioned governments and

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multilateral financial
institutions to cancel

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their unpayable debts free money
for the alleviation of poverty.

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There are now campaigns and organizations
in 40 countries around the world.

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We have a global petition and
that when I lost contact

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with countered in a 123
countries around the world.

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A host of churches social
justice groups faith groups

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came together and worked collaboratively
on the Jubilee 2 thousand.

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And what they learned is
that working together allows

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them to bring a strong voice
to the table to engage

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organizations like the World Bank and the IMF
in dealing with issues of global poverty.

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As Mr. Bono Pope John Paul the Second
also championed the cause of Jubilee.

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Pop stars like Bono have brought

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the Jubilee Initiative to the attention
of the public as follows. Isn\'t it

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They don\'t want our money.

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We don\'t have to send in our money.

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We just gotta stop.

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Asking starving people to give back
the money our government\'s lent them.

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Close interests with the banks
won\'t cancel the debts.

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Unless the politicians tell
the banks to do that and

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the politicians won\'t tell the banks
unless we tell them to do that.

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So that\'s why I\'m here with me.

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Every row and every bishop there\'s a high
school teacher and strap for others.

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A knotted St. John\'s

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And there\'s an English profit can
blues who\'s also working on this.

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For us issues of peace and

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reconciliation are very important
in the work that we\'re doing.

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Particularly if it\'s a broad range of

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people from every walk of life
who are involved in this.

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I think a lot of people feel
alienated they don\'t know how to get

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into an issue that are troubled
by what they read in the news.

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And then all of a sudden if we come

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along and say look there is a
way for you to participate.

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I think we need to do
something very creative.

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People are getting tart just signing
something is it has to have

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meaning in their lives. I guess

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Highly indebted for the church has played

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a leading role in the Jubilee
campaign ignited by a vision for

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social justice spiritual renewal
and stewardship of the Earth.

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In the biblical tradition one of

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the most powerful visions and a new
beginning is that of the Jubilee.

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Jubilee is motive taken from forms a
tour of the Old Testament where you have

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an economic order and economic
system which provides

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four possibilities at depths
of poor people are not eternal

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In the Old Testament tradition every 50th
year was declared a year of jubilee a year

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in which all debts were
cancelled enslaved were

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set free and the land was allowed to rest.

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And renew. Do you know at one
year of Jubilee started in

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old Israel it was also the day of
atonement officer forgiveness of sins.

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You can say and jet like persons have to be
forgiven also economies need forgiveness.

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Which means that Zoe\'s rule are
suffering have are restored

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It\'s not just restricted
to canceling debts.

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It\'s canceling debts are redistributing
wealth and rest for the earth is

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a profoundly ecological or environmental
message in the Jubilee text as well.

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Any economy of transaction involves
negotiation and eventually lead to imbalance.

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Jubilee is an intervention a
recognition that humans can never have

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an ideal system and that we eventually
have to intervene to restore balance.

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Recently our ballroom and Nicaragua

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the beginning there was a perception that

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the Jubilee campaign wasn\'t initiative
almost entirely from the north.

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That began to change very very quickly
as campaigns grew up in the South

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and people in the South set our voices must
be heard as an NGO working on global justice.

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Our main focus where basically in an
economic way and also in a political way.

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But what we lost for a long time was the
moral and ethical ground of this arguments

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And when we got together
with the churches we

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not is that they have that
ground that we missed.

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It was our southern partners
that taught us things like

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well how about the ecological dimension
of debt it was our southern partners

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that put the emphasis on the theme of

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the illegitimacy of so many of
the loans in the first place

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and it was our southern
partners who taught us that we

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can\'t on our own in the
north define the issues.

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The Jubilee initiative is an effort of
globalization from below because it

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involves people in all parts of the world and
you discover that globalization from above.

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It\'s really the big lie because
what is being globalized

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is simply capital but not
the Googlization of people.

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But Jubilee seized upon was

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An issue that is really very very
important namely global poverty.

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It is arguably one of the most
serious challenges facing

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the human family has been the case over

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the past 100 years but it\'s it\'s
becoming even more critical.

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Now Jubilee 2 thousand was not proposing

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a blank check of forgiveness for all
dance in every developing country.

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The most highly indebted nations were
targeted as potential recipients.

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This included the poorest
of the poor but extended to

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middle income countries
such as the Philippines and

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Brazil which are also
crippled by massive deaths.

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It was critical to engage the key lenders.

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The International Monetary Fund

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And governments in the north
in a genuine dialogue about

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change in an article published in the
Washington Post James Wilkinson president of

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the World Bank praised would you believe
initiative for bringing a new spirit and vision

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focusing the financial institutions and

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government lenders on developing
strategies for the reduction of poverty.

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For getting deep debt relief you
need it\'s constant monitoring

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and a critical dialogue that has
never been the case in the past.

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And this was changed largely to
an organization called Jubilee 2

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thousand which has mobilized not only church
groups but those are interested are corrupt

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Around the world and also in the
end triggered political action

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which made it possible to provide

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additional and deep debt relief
to the poorest countries.

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What we have to fear is that the
elites take our language but not

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the substance of what we\'re
talking about and that if total

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cat solution and no structural
adjustment conditions

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Multilateral organizations are
beginning to realize that

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the balance sheet is not simply about
development but also about justice.

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It doesn\'t just involve management
but also the implementation of

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a sound moral basis for
economic transactions.

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How are the social justice groups are beginning
to realize that critique is not enough.

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We also need to be able to
bring the expertise to follow

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through to see how programs
are changing in the field and

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to share the information so that the solutions
can grow collaboratively heresy that

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the scriptures don\'t allow
for well I don\'t know

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Kind of jubilee that is being spoken about in
the halls of the IMF for in the halls with

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the World Bank it\'s not the kind
of to believe that people in

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Nicaragua people in Zambia
has I think sought.

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They have proposed in these
kind of elite power centers.

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A jubilee that really keeps
these countries on the hook.

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It keeps them paying debt.

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It keeps them making debt
service payments to the north.

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And it keeps them enslaved by
structural adjustment. Conditionalities

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The church groups see forgiven us
more in the entirety of the dead.

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Well we have seen that that would be

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reduced to what we call a
sustainable land to cancel that

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20 what will be the consequence

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the direct consequence would
certainly be that you

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wouldn\'t need to rethink the
entire multilateral system.

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One of the most important lessons
in this whole exercise is that

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no one actually has all the answers
to such a complex problem.

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And one of the key challenges
going forward is for

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organizations to learn each other\'s
vocabulary to learn each other\'s concept

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to bring what they know about
the problem of poverty to

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the solution but also hear what other specialists
and other disciplines can bring to it.

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So the in the collaboration
new solutions can be

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created and synthesized we\'ve got to
make sure that the debt relief happens.

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We\'ve got to be putting the aid and
development money in and making sure

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it goes to the places
that\'s really necessary.

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So its going to school
and education projects

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infrastructure projects dealing
with the water problems that

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countries have not just throwing a
whole lot of money into the country.

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Finance Minister Paul Martin
announced candidates placing

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a moratorium on debt repayments
on about 700 million in loan.

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Some of the poorest countries we
will forgive these debts entirely.

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Once these nations have
carried the reform process

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through to completion
those countries that made

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the list were countries
that we were convinced

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would in fact did devote the monies
to health care to education.

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I would not go to arms.

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We want to help these nations focus on their
populations rather than their creditors.

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In return for the countries that have debt
accepting that the money that is relieved

00:19:28.535 --> 00:19:31.459
will not go to military
expenditure or to waste or

00:19:31.460 --> 00:19:34.459
bureaucracy but go to poverty reduction.

00:19:34.460 --> 00:19:36.829
We\'re prepared on a case-by-case
basis to go up to a

00:19:36.830 --> 00:19:41.884
100% and therefore relieve all the debts
that the countries have to United Kingdom

00:19:41.885 --> 00:19:44.539
It has already committed to
writing off the debtor to

00:19:44.540 --> 00:19:48.424
Canada so Has President Clinton
on behalf of the United States.

00:19:48.425 --> 00:19:51.469
Now Britain there\'ll be a domino effect.

00:19:51.470 --> 00:19:55.084
We need to persuade Japan and
France and Germany to do the same.

00:19:55.085 --> 00:19:56.989
And then if you start to
make a real difference to

00:19:56.990 --> 00:19:59.929
these poor countries these
countries can\'t develop anywhere.

00:19:59.930 --> 00:20:03.244
They cannot pay their debts
the end they can\'t do it.

00:20:03.245 --> 00:20:06.154
So we must face that
reality and acknowledged

00:20:06.155 --> 00:20:09.169
that the deaths that we\'re putting
on our books they\'re phantom debts.

00:20:09.170 --> 00:20:11.809
They will never be paid face up to us.

00:20:11.810 --> 00:20:14.419
And let\'s get on with some
sort of new institutions

00:20:14.420 --> 00:20:17.059
to allow these people to move forward into

00:20:17.060 --> 00:20:24.004
a developing country started.
It\'s one thing

00:20:24.005 --> 00:20:27.919
And discuss the issues of debt
relief in the power hallways of

00:20:27.920 --> 00:20:32.449
Washington or London or Ottawa but
quite another to experience death.

00:20:32.450 --> 00:20:35.299
From the perspective of
the indebted countries.

00:20:35.300 --> 00:20:37.549
We traveled to Nicaragua to see

00:20:37.550 --> 00:20:41.719
firsthand the second poorest
country in the western hemisphere.

00:20:41.720 --> 00:20:45.109
Nicaragua is the largest
country in Central America.

00:20:45.110 --> 00:20:48.600
It has a population of 4.2 million.

00:20:49.450 --> 00:20:53.194
This is a land of great natural beauty.

00:20:53.195 --> 00:20:57.919
And yet it\'s a lens scarred by the
ravages of a bloody civil war.

00:20:57.920 --> 00:21:01.710
Several recent natural disasters.

00:21:02.590 --> 00:21:05.779
And abject poverty

00:21:05.780 --> 00:21:11.520
44% of the population live
on less than a dollar a day.

00:21:15.970 --> 00:21:20.959
In October of 1998 the region
was hammered by Hurricane.

00:21:20.960 --> 00:21:23.898
Mitch. The Pan-American Health Organization

00:21:23.899 --> 00:21:26.869
calls this the worst disaster
in Central America in

00:21:26.870 --> 00:21:29.719
the 20th century the herky destroyed

00:21:29.720 --> 00:21:34.699
half the country\'s domestic product and
killed more than 3 thousand people.

00:21:34.700 --> 00:21:41.404
It was a devastating storm wiping out
farmlands roads bridges schools and homes.

00:21:41.405 --> 00:21:45.874
Nicaragua was hard won development
gains were wiped out overnight.

00:21:45.875 --> 00:21:48.499
Hurricane Mitch devastated the country

00:21:48.500 --> 00:21:53.314
The economy leaving damage
is estimated 1.6 billion.

00:21:53.315 --> 00:21:56.869
I\'m really proud to say that
canada open the bank account

00:21:56.870 --> 00:22:00.589
here for the Nicaraguan
government for the relief effort.

00:22:00.590 --> 00:22:06.469
For Mitch we actually wrote a check
to supply fuel for the helicopters

00:22:06.470 --> 00:22:09.529
here because for the first
week to ten days the

00:22:09.530 --> 00:22:13.129
only way you can get around the
country was by helicopter.

00:22:13.130 --> 00:22:17.344
And we also did a lot of
work to our Canadian NGOs.

00:22:17.345 --> 00:22:23.389
We needed somebody to manage and orchestrate
the unloading of the aircraft and

00:22:23.390 --> 00:22:29.644
making sure the proper NGOs received
what they were expecting to receive.

00:22:29.645 --> 00:22:32.119
So we hired World Vision down here to do

00:22:32.120 --> 00:22:35.554
that on our behalf and they
were extremely efficient.

00:22:35.555 --> 00:22:38.524
They did an excellent job for us.

00:22:38.525 --> 00:22:42.859
Nicaragua has an estimated
debt of $6 billion.

00:22:42.860 --> 00:22:48.649
In 1996 the country paid 221
million to service its debt.

00:22:48.650 --> 00:22:52.099
This was 50% of the government revenue.

00:22:52.100 --> 00:22:59.299
The country paid out $0.36 in debt servicing
for every dollar received in grant aid

00:22:59.300 --> 00:23:02.209
After Hurricane Mitch It was impossible for

00:23:02.210 --> 00:23:05.119
the country to meet its
scheduled debt payments.

00:23:05.120 --> 00:23:09.244
This Trust Fund was set up
to pay that debt servicing.

00:23:09.245 --> 00:23:13.249
While the country got together
a program for reconstruction

00:23:13.250 --> 00:23:17.059
and rehabilitation I think
altogether we put in

00:23:17.060 --> 00:23:21.649
about a 100 $108 million over

00:23:21.650 --> 00:23:27.484
a three or four-year period as a result
of mitch most of it through seated.

00:23:27.485 --> 00:23:33.904
I think we have one of the highest
per capita debt in the world.

00:23:33.905 --> 00:23:38.629
So that means that we are not able

00:23:38.630 --> 00:23:45.199
To service the whole debt if we
don\'t have relief for servicing

00:23:45.200 --> 00:23:49.999
debt in 2 thousand

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:55.699
Nicaragua finally qualified for the enhanced
to epic initiative of debt restructuring.

00:23:55.700 --> 00:24:03.700
A package which was approved in December
provides up to $4.5 billion in debt service.

00:24:04.430 --> 00:24:07.909
And if it\'s the largest package
of the 22 countries which

00:24:07.910 --> 00:24:12.004
have been approved according
to this HIPC Initiative.

00:24:12.005 --> 00:24:15.244
The Nicaragua government have to

00:24:15.245 --> 00:24:21.029
implement the so-called
macroeconomic stabilization mixture

00:24:21.030 --> 00:24:27.354
Which in popular words means
increase of privatization of

00:24:27.355 --> 00:24:31.854
public services electricity telephone water

00:24:31.855 --> 00:24:38.424
and that\'s mean more unemployment more
poverty more violence in the street.

00:24:38.425 --> 00:24:43.209
We say it\'s not only about debt cancellation
but it\'s about an end to these to

00:24:43.210 --> 00:24:49.194
these structural adjustment programs or
policies that are coming from top to down.

00:24:49.195 --> 00:24:55.040
They\'re not coming from the people and are
not solving the problems of the people.

00:24:55.740 --> 00:24:59.559
I think in many ways we North Americans had

00:24:59.560 --> 00:25:03.688
assumed that colonialism was an
artifact of history just like slavery

00:25:03.689 --> 00:25:07.384
And what I\'m beginning to recognize
as I look into globalisation

00:25:07.385 --> 00:25:11.464
is in fact colonialization
lives under another name.

00:25:11.465 --> 00:25:14.959
We are now bringing to people an attitude

00:25:14.960 --> 00:25:19.069
with economic prescriptions and
orientations about privatization.

00:25:19.070 --> 00:25:23.610
That in many cases we ourselves in
the developed world don\'t apply.

00:25:23.980 --> 00:25:29.179
We almost like the colonial masters
of the past prescribe solutions from

00:25:29.180 --> 00:25:31.399
our distant places far off telling

00:25:31.400 --> 00:25:35.370
other people how to develop their world
had to develop their communities.

00:25:35.710 --> 00:25:39.349
We think we\'ve left behind slavery but when

00:25:39.350 --> 00:25:42.169
we look into those sweatshops
when we look into some of

00:25:42.170 --> 00:25:46.699
these agricultural combines
people are working day and

00:25:46.700 --> 00:25:51.319
night enslaved for the wages that they
can\'t even sustain their families on.

00:25:51.320 --> 00:25:53.824
So slavery has changed names.

00:25:53.825 --> 00:25:55.939
It\'s now a global labor but it\'s

00:25:55.940 --> 00:26:00.300
the same reality without hope
and just have complete despair

00:26:07.500 --> 00:26:15.500
We must be naive to think that the
solution to our problem of indebtedness

00:26:16.570 --> 00:26:21.099
our problem of poverty
would come precisely from

00:26:21.100 --> 00:26:26.874
those people who have imposed to
our country the burden out there.

00:26:26.875 --> 00:26:33.894
The only solution to that problem
is tackle it in a different way.

00:26:33.895 --> 00:26:41.895
Not only with numbers but in
an ethical and a moral way

00:26:48.070 --> 00:26:52.969
Poor countries like Nicaragua are
challenging the legitimacy of the debt they

00:26:52.970 --> 00:26:57.679
owe has a long history of corruption
and oppression in their countries.

00:26:57.680 --> 00:27:02.524
During the fifties sixties
seventies and eighties.

00:27:02.525 --> 00:27:04.129
Most of the government.

00:27:04.130 --> 00:27:07.399
In third world countries
where dictatorships and

00:27:07.400 --> 00:27:10.879
these international financial
institution knew that most of

00:27:10.880 --> 00:27:18.880
this money will end in the
personal account of this military.

00:27:18.935 --> 00:27:26.299
And most of this money also
will be used in the operation

00:27:26.300 --> 00:27:34.300
All of our people beyond the issue of an
economic debt owed by the north to the south.

00:27:34.385 --> 00:27:37.429
There\'s also the issue of ecological debt.

00:27:37.430 --> 00:27:44.089
The environmental work that we do is not
protecting animals or trees but it\'s related to

00:27:44.090 --> 00:27:47.719
people to how if we
continue the devastation of

00:27:47.720 --> 00:27:51.724
the environment how this will
devastate people in Nicaragua tomb.

00:27:51.725 --> 00:27:56.164
There are unequal ecological terms
of trade between North and South.

00:27:56.165 --> 00:27:59.299
And the North has benefited more from

00:27:59.300 --> 00:28:03.139
the environment than than the south
although we are very very rich

00:28:03.140 --> 00:28:07.429
Biodiversity and Forest lines et cetera.

00:28:07.430 --> 00:28:10.339
And we\'ve gained very
little out of this who

00:28:10.340 --> 00:28:13.729
really are the debtors and
who are the creditors for

00:28:13.730 --> 00:28:18.139
years and years and years the natural
resources of the South have been

00:28:18.140 --> 00:28:22.909
exploited largely by people and
companies based in the north.

00:28:22.910 --> 00:28:25.219
And you see that the
wealth accumulated through

00:28:25.220 --> 00:28:29.209
that exploitation has accrued
primarily to us in the North.

00:28:29.210 --> 00:28:32.839
And from that perspective we are
the debtors we in the North.

00:28:32.840 --> 00:28:36.259
We owe reparations to the
people of the South for

00:28:36.260 --> 00:28:39.304
the over-exploitation of
their natural resources

00:28:39.305 --> 00:28:42.570
that has been to our benefit
and to their detriment

00:28:46.870 --> 00:28:51.319
In poor countries like Nicaragua
OK there is not enough money in

00:28:51.320 --> 00:28:56.730
the budget to accommodate the educational
needs of all the countries children.

00:28:57.430 --> 00:29:01.699
They estimate they need 10
thousand new classrooms for

00:29:01.700 --> 00:29:06.019
the over 1 million children in
Nicaragua who have no school to go

00:29:06.020 --> 00:29:14.020
to uno elemental clavicle local Monica
Lewinsky gramophone scenario poorly.

00:29:15.140 --> 00:29:23.140
But Appleyard ulama your cantina Delgado
UGA seal where their goods or services.

00:29:26.800 --> 00:29:31.909
My classes they came with no Aleppo Lyceum.

00:29:31.910 --> 00:29:36.244
Volcano DynamoDB Karla law our law Kenya.

00:29:36.245 --> 00:29:40.069
Poverty is more extreme in the rural areas.

00:29:40.070 --> 00:29:45.364
The Gonzalez family eke out and existence on
this rugged country hillside in Nicaragua.

00:29:45.365 --> 00:29:49.879
But like many families in this area
they rely on tuition scholarships

00:29:49.880 --> 00:29:55.830
provided by Canadian NGOs in order to be
able to send their children to school.

00:29:57.400 --> 00:30:02.299
Schools are overcrowded and teachers are
underpaid because millions of dollars

00:30:02.300 --> 00:30:07.290
are drained yearly from the national
economy to serve as the country\'s debts

00:30:08.110 --> 00:30:11.839
The NGOs that work here sometimes
assist with the building

00:30:11.840 --> 00:30:14.839
of schools or the supply
of educational materials.

00:30:14.840 --> 00:30:16.279
They focus on the needs of

00:30:16.280 --> 00:30:20.719
the poorest and most marginalized members
of society we want to be able to

00:30:20.720 --> 00:30:27.454
provide education for them give them
opportunity for higher education.

00:30:27.455 --> 00:30:31.984
But also we want to provide opportunities
for them for their future.

00:30:31.985 --> 00:30:35.689
No no.

00:30:35.690 --> 00:30:40.549
No we want them to communicate
and to live a normal life.

00:30:40.550 --> 00:30:44.599
Like the hearing people. Not to be in

00:30:44.600 --> 00:30:49.759
a lower state but be equal and
to feel part of the community

00:30:49.760 --> 00:30:55.980
Having jobs for the future and
supporting their families.

00:30:59.320 --> 00:31:04.354
As well as alula Lucasfilm
guess on fundamental.

00:31:04.355 --> 00:31:08.880
Por la. La la.

00:31:11.990 --> 00:31:18.480
La la. La la familia.

00:31:21.610 --> 00:31:25.549
Requirement of the structural
adjustment programs is

00:31:25.550 --> 00:31:29.764
the privatization of basic services
like water and electricity.

00:31:29.765 --> 00:31:32.389
This will be hardest on
the poor of Nicaragua

00:31:32.390 --> 00:31:35.599
who simply cannot afford
to pay for these services

00:31:35.600 --> 00:31:39.979
nationally twenty-five percent of the
population doesn\'t get potable water but if you

00:31:39.980 --> 00:31:41.629
go into the rural areas it\'s over

00:31:41.630 --> 00:31:49.630
50% allowable or the coming
normal for more and more Raj.

00:31:51.970 --> 00:31:57.240
Islamic law were busy live
avant garde Rita seawater.

00:31:58.420 --> 00:32:02.989
A key goal of Rosseau himself
and I said Mom in the map okay

00:32:02.990 --> 00:32:08.269
no yeah law woman tracker Ora also but it

00:32:08.270 --> 00:32:16.270
could be a point and then I can also throw
tails have America Pharaoh ends up.

00:32:18.610 --> 00:32:24.150
Thomasine our impulsive floppy

00:32:44.290 --> 00:32:51.064
She had access to good health care is
something we\'ve come to take for granted.

00:32:51.065 --> 00:32:53.599
In a poor country like Nicaragua.

00:32:53.600 --> 00:32:57.169
It\'s a luxury that only a few can enjoy.

00:32:57.170 --> 00:33:02.239
The impact of debt payments over the
past two decades has reduced spending on

00:33:02.240 --> 00:33:07.800
health from $40 per
person to $11 per person.

00:33:08.260 --> 00:33:16.260
We have to guarantee that every people in
the country the same the same opportunity.

00:33:16.580 --> 00:33:23.374
This is what we expect but we
have to work very hard to get it

00:33:23.375 --> 00:33:30.600
Quantum necessarily say yes so.

00:33:35.440 --> 00:33:42.420
Doctors are underpaid and facilities
desperately need new equipment and supplies.

00:33:43.480 --> 00:33:51.480
Would vocal anti-war whom
mental or mechanical. Cpi

00:33:51.830 --> 00:33:58.519
The closer the Nemo electrocardiogram
for being be able to get.

00:33:58.520 --> 00:34:06.090
Also we malloc bookie cosine
law like this or the tomato.

00:34:06.430 --> 00:34:10.684
Forgiveness of Nicaragua is
astronomical foreign debt

00:34:10.685 --> 00:34:14.299
would go a long way to ensure
government spending could focus

00:34:14.300 --> 00:34:16.609
instead on essential services like

00:34:16.610 --> 00:34:22.474
clean water sanitation healthcare
and nutrition and education.

00:34:22.475 --> 00:34:25.609
In the meantime various
projects supported by a number

00:34:25.610 --> 00:34:28.339
of national and international NGOs.

00:34:28.340 --> 00:34:33.860
Work hard to improve the daily life
and future hopes of Nicaragua.

00:34:39.370 --> 00:34:45.544
One such project is Rancho Ebenezer a
training center for rural farmers.

00:34:45.545 --> 00:34:48.259
This project is supported in part by

00:34:48.260 --> 00:34:53.250
the Christian Reformed church and
the Presbyterian Church in Canada.

00:34:53.710 --> 00:34:59.610
Here men and women learn techniques to
increase the productivity of their land.

00:35:02.210 --> 00:35:06.259
That the redact but as soon as you
know La Familia como tell knowing

00:35:06.260 --> 00:35:10.189
Teresa combated anisotropy
nearly dead nutritionally.

00:35:10.190 --> 00:35:16.534
They\'ll amino they said oh as a
lemma market mechanism. But as hell

00:35:16.535 --> 00:35:19.879
being a solo ever material and persona.

00:35:19.880 --> 00:35:23.580
Members who tended as Ada.

00:35:29.770 --> 00:35:35.719
Small enterprise development banks have formed
in many of Nicaragua poorest communities.

00:35:35.720 --> 00:35:40.324
This is given the poor access to
capital to create small businesses.

00:35:40.325 --> 00:35:44.089
It\'s one of the most practical ways to
help families become more economically

00:35:44.090 --> 00:35:46.519
viable because the participants are

00:35:46.520 --> 00:35:49.834
involved in making the choices
about the purposes of their loans.

00:35:49.835 --> 00:35:52.609
They feel responsible for their repayment.

00:35:52.610 --> 00:35:57.660
Wonder your Joseon talk Gordo ASC.

00:36:01.000 --> 00:36:09.000
You don\'t get all of the loans given to
their governments that have saddled.

00:36:10.040 --> 00:36:15.274
This nation with debt were rarely given to
projects that touched and help the poor.

00:36:15.275 --> 00:36:17.869
Instead those loans were used to finance

00:36:17.870 --> 00:36:21.469
a civil war and to line
the pockets of the elite.

00:36:21.470 --> 00:36:25.129
This kind of debt is
Odious and illegitimate.

00:36:25.130 --> 00:36:32.310
It forces the poorest members of society
to pay the price of their own oppression.

00:36:38.080 --> 00:36:41.539
Any debt payments which flow from the South

00:36:41.540 --> 00:36:47.250
Nor reduce the resources
available to fight poverty.

00:36:51.100 --> 00:36:55.204
Nicaragua is a place of sharp contrasts.

00:36:55.205 --> 00:36:59.179
Everywhere there\'s evidence of
globalization the logos and

00:36:59.180 --> 00:37:04.039
brand names from well-known multinational
corporations doctor landscape.

00:37:04.040 --> 00:37:08.494
The signs of wealth exist in the
midst of overwhelming poverty.

00:37:08.495 --> 00:37:13.519
In this way Nicaragua is a microcosm for
all heavily indebted nations where the

00:37:13.520 --> 00:37:19.710
poor live in the cruel shadow of an affluence
they cannot possibly hope to attain

00:37:25.840 --> 00:37:29.959
Simply giving them the
recipes that they need to

00:37:29.960 --> 00:37:34.069
follow isn\'t going to work because nobody
follows other persons recipes with

00:37:34.070 --> 00:37:38.449
the same degree of commitment
as your own recipes which

00:37:38.450 --> 00:37:41.689
you have come together around through

00:37:41.690 --> 00:37:45.004
a process of debate and the process
of engagement within the country.

00:37:45.005 --> 00:37:49.189
We have two continuous
and the struggle until

00:37:49.190 --> 00:37:56.059
we finish with poverty and until we finish
we did upgradation of the environment.

00:37:56.060 --> 00:38:01.699
There\'s a component of justice and
canceling that is about also justice.

00:38:01.700 --> 00:38:06.169
And we are asking people
in the developed world

00:38:06.170 --> 00:38:12.799
To continue the stroller with us because
in the end is not in a struggle just

00:38:12.800 --> 00:38:15.409
for third world countries such struggle for

00:38:15.410 --> 00:38:19.609
the whole humanity year because
we are in the same ship.

00:38:19.610 --> 00:38:22.864
And now we are seeing that a crisis in

00:38:22.865 --> 00:38:28.140
the world contours to affect
you developed countries.

00:38:32.140 --> 00:38:35.929
This is the age of globalization in

00:38:35.930 --> 00:38:40.339
globalization we are going to see
a mutation take place a mutation

00:38:40.340 --> 00:38:43.879
involving the voices of the South
in dialogue with the voices of

00:38:43.880 --> 00:38:48.304
the North the voices of the people in poverty
with the voices of the people that are rich

00:38:48.305 --> 00:38:52.579
The voices of religious leaders and the
voices of business leaders collaborating

00:38:52.580 --> 00:38:57.810
together to create a new solution
to the problems that we now share.

00:38:58.630 --> 00:39:02.149
It requires effort on the part of

00:39:02.150 --> 00:39:07.129
developed countries to make sure
that their trade policies are

00:39:07.130 --> 00:39:11.089
appropriate that they\'re environmental
policies are appropriate but it\'s also

00:39:11.090 --> 00:39:15.454
incumbent on the developing countries
to get their act in order.

00:39:15.455 --> 00:39:17.719
Developing countries need economic

00:39:17.720 --> 00:39:20.929
reformed they need democratic
development they needed to

00:39:20.930 --> 00:39:23.629
strengthen their institutions and

00:39:23.630 --> 00:39:26.674
to get rid of corruption and
we all have responsibilities.

00:39:26.675 --> 00:39:31.470
And hopefully we can all
move forward together

00:39:38.230 --> 00:39:42.049
If we have to report back to parliament in

00:39:42.050 --> 00:39:46.039
three to five years time that the
promises that were made to us

00:39:46.040 --> 00:39:48.979
weren\'t kept or the money
was frittered away through

00:39:48.980 --> 00:39:54.064
corruption or just generally bad management
and lack of attention to detail.

00:39:54.065 --> 00:39:55.729
We have a very hard time.

00:39:55.730 --> 00:39:57.799
Coming back to this question again.

00:39:57.800 --> 00:40:00.889
The Canadian public has been
generous on debt relief.

00:40:00.890 --> 00:40:04.230
But we can\'t just take that for granted.

00:40:04.570 --> 00:40:07.804
We want to address the
issues of global poverty.

00:40:07.805 --> 00:40:13.279
We can\'t just talk about the reduction or
cancellation of debts. We need to talk about

00:40:13.280 --> 00:40:18.094
It seems immoral to force heavily indebted
nations to structure their economies on

00:40:18.095 --> 00:40:20.944
exports and then place trade barriers

00:40:20.945 --> 00:40:25.159
that deny these countries access
to the global marketplace.

00:40:25.160 --> 00:40:29.989
Rich countries insist on open markets
where they have an advantage but

00:40:29.990 --> 00:40:34.849
put barriers up to trade and immigration
where they would be at a disadvantage.

00:40:34.850 --> 00:40:41.298
If we have debt cancellation now
that we don\'t address the question

00:40:41.299 --> 00:40:47.539
of the unjust international
trade it change.

00:40:47.540 --> 00:40:55.054
We will have to become indebted again
reducing input virus would increase

00:40:55.055 --> 00:41:01.774
Income for these countries far more than
literally could ever hope to achieve.

00:41:01.775 --> 00:41:06.589
And more importantly it allows them to
January data even come and therefore

00:41:06.590 --> 00:41:11.689
has side effects that vitro leaf
cannot possibly hope to have.

00:41:11.690 --> 00:41:15.409
We\'ve been paying less
and less in real terms.

00:41:15.410 --> 00:41:18.724
For the raw materials we
purchased from from the South.

00:41:18.725 --> 00:41:23.329
In fact that those prices have
fallen by two-thirds since 1900.

00:41:23.330 --> 00:41:26.329
So one of the ways we can redress

00:41:26.330 --> 00:41:31.069
that injustice is commit
ourselves to paying just prices.

00:41:31.070 --> 00:41:37.620
For example for the coffee we drink or
the copper reprocess into products here

00:41:38.310 --> 00:41:44.379
Just a regular coffee. The
liberation theologian

00:41:44.380 --> 00:41:49.344
Leonardo Bob says that for the poor it\'s
not a matter of sustainable development

00:41:49.345 --> 00:41:54.759
but actually about sustainable life about
having employment opportunities about having

00:41:54.760 --> 00:41:57.159
food about having the basic necessities of

00:41:57.160 --> 00:42:01.850
life not sustainable development
but sustainable society.

00:42:03.690 --> 00:42:09.009
There\'s definitely people in industrialized
countries who are consuming far

00:42:09.010 --> 00:42:13.509
too much and are producing
far too much garbage.

00:42:13.510 --> 00:42:16.479
So you could say and it\'s
limiting the possibilities of

00:42:16.480 --> 00:42:20.870
others to consume their fair
share of the earth\'s resources

00:42:22.590 --> 00:42:27.039
Ecological debt is as onerous
as economic debt but it is

00:42:27.040 --> 00:42:32.619
the wealthy rich developed countries
that Oh an ecological debt to the poor.

00:42:32.620 --> 00:42:38.994
The wealthiest 20% of consumers use
60% of the Earth\'s natural resources.

00:42:38.995 --> 00:42:45.414
While the poorest 20% of the
world\'s population uses 4%.

00:42:45.415 --> 00:42:49.179
The consumer trends of

00:42:49.180 --> 00:42:53.589
the nineties have been so powerful
for people and we have seen people

00:42:53.590 --> 00:42:57.159
moving into consumer behaviors that are so

00:42:57.160 --> 00:43:02.849
self-evidently environmentally
disastrous and yet people refused

00:43:02.850 --> 00:43:08.329
think about that. There\'s there\'s very high
levels of denial around consumer behavior.

00:43:08.330 --> 00:43:12.199
And I think a lot of it has
to do with the intensity of

00:43:12.200 --> 00:43:18.694
the consumer upscaling and the growth
of consumer fervor in some sense.

00:43:18.695 --> 00:43:25.189
The global economy and the global ecosystem
are both nearing a point of exhaustion.

00:43:25.190 --> 00:43:29.149
We can seed into tired
oceans in are tired soil in

00:43:29.150 --> 00:43:31.399
herds around the world
that are being destroyed

00:43:31.400 --> 00:43:33.814
as a result of being ravaged with diseases.

00:43:33.815 --> 00:43:36.229
We keep talking about
development but in fact

00:43:36.230 --> 00:43:38.569
the issue is not to bring
other countries up to

00:43:38.570 --> 00:43:41.449
the North American and European
standard of development but

00:43:41.450 --> 00:43:45.799
instead to begin now to deal
with our overdevelopment

00:43:45.800 --> 00:43:50.449
I think the only feasible
solution is for the people who

00:43:50.450 --> 00:43:55.189
use the vast majority of the
Earth\'s resources to use fewer.

00:43:55.190 --> 00:43:59.419
Thank we get them to do
that by solving what

00:43:59.420 --> 00:44:03.229
has become one of the most
serious problems in parts

00:44:03.230 --> 00:44:06.679
of the rich countries
and that is the problem

00:44:06.680 --> 00:44:11.314
of their poverty which
is mainly time poverty.

00:44:11.315 --> 00:44:14.779
And taking productivity growth in

00:44:14.780 --> 00:44:17.749
the form not of more income and
therefore of using more of

00:44:17.750 --> 00:44:21.469
the world the earth\'s resources
but taking productivity

00:44:21.470 --> 00:44:25.609
and growth in the form
of shorter hours of work

00:44:25.610 --> 00:44:29.029
and frees up more natural capital more of

00:44:29.030 --> 00:44:33.300
the earth\'s resources for
those in poor countries.

00:44:39.370 --> 00:44:43.699
We have the slavery of people
transported across borders or on

00:44:43.700 --> 00:44:47.584
slave ships indentured to work
in horrendous conditions.

00:44:47.585 --> 00:44:54.094
We have also the enslavement of people working
in sweatshops endless hours at poor wages.

00:44:54.095 --> 00:44:59.389
We have the metaphoric enslavement or people
in industrialized countries were working

00:44:59.390 --> 00:45:05.089
longer hours in perpetual fear that their
job will be re-engineered or outsourced.

00:45:05.090 --> 00:45:07.804
And we have enslavement to consumption

00:45:07.805 --> 00:45:12.484
That makes us prisoners of desire
prisoners of NB wanting evermore.

00:45:12.485 --> 00:45:14.910
Never fully satisfied.

00:45:16.990 --> 00:45:21.949
Migrants are usually people
who are so desolate about

00:45:21.950 --> 00:45:26.464
the situation in which they are
staying null that\'s you have to move.

00:45:26.465 --> 00:45:32.389
So you\'ve seen now people swimming over
the sea to enter into the European Union

00:45:32.390 --> 00:45:38.674
because here to wealth is present which a
miss in Africa and the Middle East Europe.

00:45:38.675 --> 00:45:42.094
Now so attitude or Western
countries is usually this.

00:45:42.095 --> 00:45:45.544
Let us try to restrict Z\'s these entries

00:45:45.545 --> 00:45:49.954
because it it it destabilizes
our society and economy

00:45:49.955 --> 00:45:52.549
which is to some extent is true.

00:45:52.550 --> 00:45:54.859
But sir root cause of it.

00:45:54.860 --> 00:45:59.449
That is why we are not willing
to share with support in

00:45:59.450 --> 00:46:02.809
such a way that they could have a place in

00:46:02.810 --> 00:46:06.994
your own country and develop
their own economies.

00:46:06.995 --> 00:46:11.419
It\'s not enough just for us to
say OK let\'s cancel that debt.

00:46:11.420 --> 00:46:14.149
We have drastically cut our aid to

00:46:14.150 --> 00:46:17.929
the third world but over the last
few years really to recommit

00:46:17.930 --> 00:46:25.099
ourselves to the kind of aid that
will really be in the social sectors.

00:46:25.100 --> 00:46:28.699
Canadians tend to assume
you\'re getting ten times more

00:46:28.700 --> 00:46:32.359
foreign than we actually are. In reality

00:46:32.360 --> 00:46:37.410
We only give point to of 1% of our GNP in.

00:46:37.420 --> 00:46:40.549
Wealthy countries are
playing a bit of a game.

00:46:40.550 --> 00:46:44.479
They are extending aid but
this aid to poor countries

00:46:44.480 --> 00:46:48.439
is often conditional on trade
that rebounds back and

00:46:48.440 --> 00:46:52.669
benefits the giving country the
United Nations characterizes

00:46:52.670 --> 00:46:57.960
this as the rich country getting the loans
while the poor countries get the deaths.

00:47:01.780 --> 00:47:08.989
If we analyze what we what we eat and how
will we are clone and woke me dwell.

00:47:08.990 --> 00:47:11.689
If we analyze where all
these comes from and how

00:47:11.690 --> 00:47:14.789
many millions of people who
have 3D cooperated in this

00:47:14.790 --> 00:47:16.599
we recognized it all the time.

00:47:16.600 --> 00:47:20.079
We\'re dependent on the labor
of others on other people.

00:47:20.080 --> 00:47:28.080
And therefore the idea that we can live
well while others VB stuff and disappear is

00:47:29.410 --> 00:47:33.129
a total illusion caused her
globalization is simply

00:47:33.130 --> 00:47:37.239
too obvious and the Jubilee
is an idea that comes out of

00:47:37.240 --> 00:47:40.569
Israel\'s experience of liberation
but it was something that

00:47:40.570 --> 00:47:44.439
Jesus Christ himself took forward
and in the prayer that he

00:47:44.440 --> 00:47:47.619
talked to his disciples
the Our Father central to

00:47:47.620 --> 00:47:52.224
that prayer is the Jubilee
commitment to forgive debts.

00:47:52.225 --> 00:47:57.224
Forgive us our trespasses as we
forgive those who trespass against us

00:47:57.225 --> 00:48:03.379
Captures exactly the mutuality and
liberation dictated by the Jubilee.

00:48:03.380 --> 00:48:09.109
He\'s our country ies our people who
are empowers and who has come.

00:48:09.110 --> 00:48:14.164
It seems here our country
to be poor or the other

00:48:14.165 --> 00:48:20.389
country\'s government who get the
benefit from this situation.

00:48:20.390 --> 00:48:28.050
We are about building a world in justice
and equity in which God can live among us.

00:48:30.310 --> 00:48:35.464
And I think that the only solutions are
solutions that involve a change of heart.

00:48:35.465 --> 00:48:40.909
But people are willing to listen to the
story of the other and then retell

00:48:40.910 --> 00:48:43.939
their own story by making
room for the story

00:48:43.940 --> 00:48:48.060
of the other really change
this self perception.

00:48:51.970 --> 00:48:58.909
People can have a new beginning and hopefully
in the future and because of issues

00:48:58.910 --> 00:49:02.209
about anything about new beginning about

00:49:02.210 --> 00:49:05.854
that impression about the
about setting people free.

00:49:05.855 --> 00:49:08.010
And that\'s what we\'re asking

00:49:15.280 --> 00:49:21.979
The Jubilee command in Scripture is not
about a onetime corrective every 50 years.

00:49:21.980 --> 00:49:25.729
It calls for instead a reorientation a

00:49:25.730 --> 00:49:30.289
commitment of peoples to live in
solidarity to work together to

00:49:30.290 --> 00:49:34.279
address injustice to
alleviate poverty to restore

00:49:34.280 --> 00:49:37.399
a sustainable relationships
with the Earth and to construct

00:49:37.400 --> 00:49:41.910
a community that can thrive
and grow into the future

00:49:54.700 --> 00:49:56.940
So