WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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[music]

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It\'s day break in Kibera,

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the largest slum in East Africa
on the outskirts of Nairobi.

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Thousands of people are on their way to
work. They get little government support.

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Corruption means billions of dollars of public money
have gone in to the wrong pockets. Saddled with debt,

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struggling to win support from international
donors, Kenya is caught squarely

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in the poverty trend. How is it going to
change? Life has been to investigate.

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[sil.]

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These children are currently taking care of
themselves. Their mother is HIV positive

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and is in hospital with TB. Their
father died of Aids four years ago.

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They are typical of 1.8 million children in
Kenya who have to look after themselves.

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Twelve year old Dennis is now responsible for both
his eight year old sister Florence (inaudible)

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and his two year old sister
Diana who is also HIV positive.

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She became sick on Thursday,
she was not eating.

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On Friday, she got worse, I
couldn\'t even sleep at night.

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On Saturday I took her to hospital, she
had an injection. She is now okay.

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This family is among the
16 million Kenyan\'s

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who scrape by on under a dollar a day,
the UN\'s definition of absolute poverty.

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Mercy Oyoo, the children\'s mother

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discovered she was HIV positive a year ago.
She is now in (inaudible) District Hospital

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sharing a bed with another Aids patient.

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My problem is TB

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and a very severe headache. My
children are just by themselves.

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God is taking care of them.

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Aids is ravaging Kenya but donor
countries are helping out.

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Together they are giving over 200 million
dollars for Aids programs every year.

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But like many Kenyans
Mercy believes that funds

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meant to help people like her
are not getting through.

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I feel personally if I am to
get that kind of (inaudible),

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I would rather they put
it in my hands directly.

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It will really help me.

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Kenya has suffered under the
corrupt leadership for years.

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According to the experts, under the
previous government of Daniel arap Moi

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three to four billion dollars of public
money was squandered. Between 1983

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and 2003, 2002, we had a corrupt
callous and uncaring government

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which did everything it
could to enrich a fuel

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and not to address the problems that we are facing
with. Yet at the same time this government was working

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with international development button (inaudible) also
knew very well that the country was going down the tubes,

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that the people are getting perished and
yet get pouring money in to this country.

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Donors did eventually stop giving aid and the
Kenyan voted president Moi and (inaudible)

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his successor Mwai Kibaki swept
to power in December 2002

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pledging that the national rainbow
coalition would end government corruption.

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Corruption will now thee to
be aware of life in Kenya.

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It seem to be the dawning of

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the new era but three years
on those hopes are fading.

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When the new government came in to power,
there was this amazing wave of euphoria.

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Kenya was actually polled by gallop (inaudible)
has the most optimistic country in the world.

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But increasingly as time passed by
we had reports of, of the recurrence

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of what appeared to be the grand
corruption within the very highest levels.

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Kenya\'s government admits that corruption is
still wide spread and is feeling the pressure

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from both inside the country and from the international
community to deliver on its commitments.

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We know from experience
that a country like this

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lose a very large proportion of

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the budgeted funds through corruption.

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If we really have to solve
(inaudible) this nation properly,

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we must give the citizens who
pay the taxes and the citizens

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of the world who assist Kenya
value for their money.

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There\'s a belief in some donor countries
that African leaders are inherently corrupt

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but leading Kenyan\'s acquit to point out
that corruption is a two way street.

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As we all know corruption is
everywhere and corruption

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is also present in developed countries. And
much of the corruption that is actually done

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by African leaders is done with the
full knowledge and cooperation.

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We have the leaders and the business
people from developed countries.

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A lot of the corruption in
Kenya and other poor countries

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actually comes from the outside not just from
the inside. Corruption does way and development

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but I believe that it is not
the overwhelming obstacle

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that it sometimes seem to be. If we think
practically about how to target aid

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and make the aid accountable
we can help address

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the under lying factors of extreme poverty.

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To do something about this poverty, Kenya was one of the
countries which signed up ton a global partnership deal

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ended having the number of people
living in poverty by 2015.

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In return for more foreign aid, Kenya promised
to govern itself more openly and honestly.

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Dennis is on his way to school

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with his two little sisters,
they have been up since five.

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He has washed them, dressed them, given them breakfast,
and now who drop Florence (inaudible) at school

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and Diana at nursery. Here at the
little rock early development centre,

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they look after orphans and young
children of Aids sufferers

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and prepare them for primary school. Staff
also try to support children like Dennis

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who have to act his parents to their
siblings and often miss school.

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It\'s very hurting that when you see
them that they have to be in school

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to be able to take care of their ailing parents
and also be able to take care of their sisters.

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It\'s very hard for him but
he is doing very well

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and is able to balance his school
work and those responsibilities

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he has to take up when the mother is sick.

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[non-English narration]

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Even at a small nursery like Little Rock there
is an element of corruption to deal with.

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When the nursery receives its funding, Lilly
says that 30% is kept back by corrupt officials

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but the staff are expected to
pretend they receive all of it.

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So basically in the people
you are given 100%,

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but in real, in actual reality you only get 70%
and there is a 30% goes to someone\'s pocket.

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And there when you are not ready to cooperate
then you are not going to get help.

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At Dennis\'s primary school
staff have similar problems.

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The landlord is about to put
up the building rent by 50%

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and the school governor\'s are unsure where
the additional money will come from.

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The government\'s make huge progress in making primary
school education free for all Kenya\'s children

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but it hasn\'t reached everyone yet.
State primary schools in Kibera

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are over subscribed, so charitable
institutions like churches have opened schools

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but have to charge fees for them. Lilly from
Little Rock is paying for Dennis\'s school fees.

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Once again the people here believe that the public money
intended for Kibera\'s children is not trickling down.

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We have children in Kenya

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and in the slums that need real education
like those other children. So the,

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what I am appealing to the government
is really to set strategies,

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our ways of how when the money
comes from, you know the donors,

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it should reach here.
Kenya\'s finace minister

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David Mwiraria blames the
previous government.

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We have people from the old regime. We
have a lot of money which they are using

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to destabilize the present regime

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to make sure that what we want to do,
particularly against corruption does not succeed.

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But there are many even in the government

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who believe the problems also
lie within the new regime.

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One of the biggest handicaps are formed in Kenya are
hold of all sort of crooks and incompetent people.

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We are not beholding to their form agenda and
we are still holding very influential positions

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in government and making
it difficult for reformers

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like professor Wangari Maathai and
others to get in to the seat of power,

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to get in to center of things and
begin reformed. Wangari Maathai,

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Nobel peace prize winner has been
fighting corruption all her life

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of a (inaudible) critic of former president Moi\'s land
grabbing policies, she paid for her outspokenness.

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She was beaten by police on numerous
occasions and was once left in a coma.

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Now she is the Deputy Minister for the
Environment in Kibaki\'s government.

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People who practice corruption
at such a high level don\'t leave

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foot prints for us to be
able to follow them easily.

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Even to this day we have
nothing on the table

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to show people like me and others who
are sitting in the same positions.

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Who amongst us is corrupt? Is it that
our anti corruption institutions

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are not doing their work?
Because they are the ones

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who are supposed to do the investigation

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and take to court those who are corrupt.

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Kenya\'s aren\'t so too weeding out corruption
is the anti corruption commission established

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in May, 2003. According to a
recent world bank survey,

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half of the Kenyan companies they spoke
to said they have been asked for bribes.

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[non-English narration]

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The commission has been widely praised for its
public education campaign which is trying to change

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the culture from the bottom
up by enlisting peoples help.

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But on the streets it seems little has changed, some of matatu
(inaudible) or taxi drivers even think things have got worse.

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The Kibaki government is more corrupt

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than Moi. You know Moi government, the police
were taking out his rituals were under shillings.

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But now notice, you have to,
you from place well read

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(inaudible) through 3,000 shillings,
any mistake you must bribe them.

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While the government\'s campaign
urges him to say no to corruption,

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Isaac knows that like the other
12,000 matatu drivers in Nairobi,

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if he doesn\'t pay the bribes he will end up
in prison. Let\'s say from morning to evening,

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the police will arrest you four times a day

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and you must bribe them all. Now in the
evening, know they all have your (inaudible)

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wants the money, you want your salary so
that you can take to our family, no money.

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Of the monthly press briefing
at the Integrity Center,

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the commission\'s head of press is fielding
questions about the slow rate of change.

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Fighting corruption is not an over night venture, the
people who are involved in corruption also fighting back.

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Many people are disappointed

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by the lack of high level government
corruption being successfully prosecuted.

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You can do all the public education you
want to do. You can put out those posters,

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but those posters been very hollow if people think
that you actually are costing a lot of money

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for very little delivery in terms
of real action against corruption

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and corruption in the higher
levels of government. Since 2003,

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the commission ahs recommended fifty cases to the attorney
general but only five has been successfully prosecuted.

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Staff at the commission blamed the lack
of action on the Ministry of justice.

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The only problem we have is that the
legal process takes its own life,

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it does its own life time and it
does not bring result immediately.

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To me, you succeed against corruption
because the law can rely up on to punish,

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and punish effectively who ever is caught.

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Once we get to that stage in Kenya, I will simplify
to corruption. The government\'s initiative

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has been heavily criticized by three key figure who
have all resigned from the corruption campaign

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frustrated by its lack of powers. I
think people do want investigation,

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they do want punishment. Instead of that what you
have is the government is turning to citizens

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and saying, \"Well, give us the proof\" which
you know, I think is the height of Sinicism

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and not at all a demonstration of
political will to attack corruption.

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The price of the government

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supply in turn (inaudible) willingness to tackle corrupt
officials head on has been the donor funding for Kenya

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has been scaled back. And yet at
the same time, Kenya\'s government

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is calling for relief on its 600
million dollar annual debt repayments.

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If you don\'t consider the debt,
you leave the country in a trap.

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The Kenya government is spending 40%
of its revenue to service those debts.

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That is money we could have
used to set the children

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to secondary high school, to set
the children to technical schools,

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to give them skills so that they
can be more useful to the nation.

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That is money we could have used to give our
people decent housing so that they get out

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of slums where we know

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diseases like malaria and
Aids identic (inaudible).

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It\'s visiting time at (inaudible) district
hospital. Dennis has come to see Mercy

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and has brought her a bag of food. Mercy\'s
hoping to be allowed out in the next few days

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though she won\'t be able to do any work for a
while so there will be no money coming in.

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[non-English narration]

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Now she is worried about her elder son Robert, who
lives with his grandmother in the countryside

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where the poverty is even worse.

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My son in the rural area is facing problems, he
doesn\'t have books or a uniform. At the moment,

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they are about to sit for exams, he
needs money, I cannot afford money.

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Mercy\'s son Robert

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lives in Western Ukwala in Nyanza
province, nine hours drive from Nairobi.

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65% of Kenya\'s population
live in rural areas.

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They also pay prices for the countries development crisis
and struggle day to day with petty bribery in corruption.

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Robert is in school benefiting

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from the free primary education but the
biggest problem in this area is hunger.

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Hunger is a major problem in this region.

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When lunch break comes, when you
also go out just outside the gate

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you meet a number of children
seated by the roadside.

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They have not gone home meaning that they
don\'t have anything to go and do at home.

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There is literally no food.
I may sometimes come back

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and find nothing to eat and
at lunch time I just come,

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I drink water then I go back to school.

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Sometimes at night I may not find food.
Robert\'s grandmother

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is worried about having three more hungry
mouths to feed if Mercy dies from Aids.

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If I wake up one day and Mercy has died,

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I will be sad because if her
three children come here,

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how will I feed them?

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It\'s not just hunger that traps these villages in
poverty. They struggle with poor access to water,

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sanitation, fertilizers,
transport, health care,

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and high rates of malaria,
Aids and water born diseases.

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But the culture of corruption is while
entrenched here too even the sick

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are vulnerable to bribery.

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Like I remember there is a time a certain child fell
sick in the school and we take him to the hospital.

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So before blood test would be cut it
on him we were asked for some funds

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and then we asked for 120 shillings.
But these are government hospital,

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people working there are paid (inaudible) by the
government. So when I went there personally

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around two months after, I was
asked to pay only 40 shillings,

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so I was wondering where the
truth is, where the truth lies.

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Why is it that a doctor will attend to a patient
discriminately because one has been paid some money,

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yet they have taken the hypocratic
(inaudible) oath to safe guard lives

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but it is because it is (inaudible)
they are so poorly under paid.

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So what value does a government have

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on the providers of its services,
of public services to its people?

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I do not believe that poor remuneration

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is a cause for corruption. In fact, in this
country some of the most corrupt people

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are the wealthiest people.
They are the well paid people

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and if we argue that if you don\'t pay people
well then they have right to be corrupt.

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We shall be sanctioning corruption.
Is it to empower civil servants,

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desperately trying to make ends meet?
Is it a few top ministries,

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may be the defense ministry, or the power
ministry so called have an unaccountable budget?

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Once you do a careful diagnosis,

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there are ways practically that we know of
proper management, for proper accountability

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that are just standard
management techniques.

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Back in the city, Mercy has been stuck in
hospital unable to leave before paying her bill

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which has bee rising everyday.
Eventually the money is found

00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:04.999
and Mercy is allowed to go home.

00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:09.999
A few days later back in Kibera,

00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:14.999
we catch up with her again. Her landlord is demanding
the rent as she is now three months behind.

00:20:15.000 --> 00:20:19.999
Yesterday the landlord came,
he wanted to throw me out.

00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:24.999
I told him I have just come from hospital, I don\'t have
the money. He said he is going to take me to court.

00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:29.999
I said, \"What can I do?\"

00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:34.999
Lawrence Apiyo (inaudible) and Irene Karanja (inaudible)
from the Pamoja trust, a visiting mercy to talk about

00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:39.999
the problems she faces with her landlord.

00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:44.999
They work with the residents of Kibera to help give
them a voice and make them aware of their rights.

00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:49.999
One of the UN Millennium development goals
is to improve the lives of a hundred million

00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:54.999
slum dwellers worldwide.
The question is, how?

00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.999
They need to understand what
they lose is about this land.

00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
What they can do? Or what they
able to do so that they move

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
from this kind of houses and
put up permanent houses.

00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
What they need to do to get
services like adequate water,

00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
electricity and so far.

00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.999
One of the big issues at the moment
is relocation. As Nairobi grows,

00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:29.999
the land here becomes ever more valuable and
the tenants are left ever more vulnerable.

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.999
I think corruption, it impacts
more on slum dwellers

00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
than impacts like on a normal
Kenyan person. A person with money

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
is able to purchase such kind of land, he respects
you whether they are over 100 households living in

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
that slum, so he will be like,
\"Hey, I have bought the land.

00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
Can you get those guys out?\" and so the government will
have no problem, no problem, we will just bulldoze them.

00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
Kenya doesn\'t have a great
record on relocations.

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
In January, 2001, the residents of another
settlement, Madari forey (inaudible)

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
were promised new homes
and then cleared out.

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
A riot ensued when the new homes went to other people with the right
connections and not to the slum dwellers who had been promised them.

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
Today\'s residents are anxious not to see

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
a repetition of these scenes.

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
The people must agree where
they are going to be resettled,

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
that\'s why we must be quite keen
on the considerate in talking,

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
when we are talking about tentative places.

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
When the people agree to organize
themselves then we have a critical mass

00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
that the government will be able
to listen to and negotiate with.

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
As civil society grows stronger,

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
people are calling for independent public administration
free from corruption and political interference.

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
Building a situations of governance must
be a priority so that people are able to

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
separate political power, political leadership from
the institutions that delivers services to people.

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
On our final visit to Kibera,

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
we discovered that Mercy\'s two year
old daughter Diana is ill again.

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
Diana is sick. She has diarrhea,

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
she is vomiting. There is no
point of taking her to hospital.

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
I just don\'t have the money
to buy the medicine.

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
My worry is she doesn\'t eat. Sometimes, she
might want different food I can\'t afford.

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
[non-English narration]

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
If Mercy dies, her children
will join their older brother

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
Robert in Nyanza. He says one day he would
like to help his mother and sisters

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
and others suffering like them.

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
I myself I would like to doctor simply because I
may come because I may come to this our village

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
and may be like this, this is
this, I may even call them,

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
I may even ask people who
have certain diseases

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
and help them.

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
But with Kenya\'s current level of poverty, how will it be
possible for children like Robert to go to secondary school,

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
let alone university. We feel
that the debts should be removed,

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
that aid should be doubled, and
that rules of tread (inaudible)

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
should be improved so that we can invest

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
this money in our people.
The one thing that Africans

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
have not done as compared to south-east
Asia for example is invest in the people.

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
But it takes time to win back
the trust of the governments

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
and the tax payers of rich countries.
So I think it\'s a careful judicious

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
use of carrot and stick where
you want to fund basic services

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
and you want controls in place to
make sure that those basic services

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
are at least protected against corruption. But you
also have to make it clear to the government,

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
your own tax payers will not
tolerate writing a cheque

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
in to a environment whether a
reasonable suspicion that a large part

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
of that money land up in
a foreign bank account.

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
In general I think it\'s wrong when donors say,
\"You get your house in order, we will wait.

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
And when you do that we
will come in and help you.\"

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
That\'s almost always an
impossible bit of advice

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
because impoverished governments need help along
the way even to get their house in order.

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
We ought to be helping, if you
just say no, we will wait

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
then that\'s really, basically an
invitation to a downwards spiral.

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
Those politicians

00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
are the ones to help us, to make sure
hat the money reaches us to help us.

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
If there is no money, there is no life.
One can be sick like me

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
and if I don\'t get any
medicine I would not be here.

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:25.000
[music]