WEBVTT

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Bradshaw:
Wars, climate change,

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finance and famine
dominate the news.

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Every day,
we hear from the heroes,

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the villains,
and the victims.

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But people on the edge
of the news have stories too,

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people like the president
of one small island country

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that\'s on the edge of the world
and the edge of existence.

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[dramatic music]

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♪ ♪

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- I\'ll show you.

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I had the wall here initially,

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and so that was destroyed
by the very high tides in 2005.

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And I had I built this

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quite some time back
over the years,

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and that was destroyed,
so I rebuilt it,

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and this one was destroyed
in 2005.

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Bradshaw: Anote Tong
is obsessed with the sea.

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He\'s the man in charge
of a vanishing nation.

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The seas that have supported
life here for 4,000 years

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are rising because of
global climate change.

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It\'s Tong\'s job
as president of his country

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to decide what to do.

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- For quite some time,
I did not sleep,

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because I had no solution
to a problem

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that nobody has a solution to.

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What happens to us
as a people in the future?

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Do we disappear as a culture?

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And so these are the issues
that keep me awake.

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Bradshaw: Tong must decide
the fate of his people.

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Should they stay and fight
or evacuate their island home?

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Tong\'s nation
is called Kiribati,

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33 atoll islands stretching
across the Pacific Ocean.

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7 hours\' flight from Australia,

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10 hours
from the United States.

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They are strips of land
on the edge of the world

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so low that from the water,

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they seem to vanish
against the blue sea.

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- In Kiribati, it\'s very hard
to see the next island.

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10 kilometers out
or even 15 kilometers out,

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you can no longer see land.

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So how we locate it is,

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we use the reflection
from the clouds.

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So that\'s how we navigate.

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Over there is Maiana,
the next most immediate-

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in other words,
it\'s my island.

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So that\'s where I go fishing
when I go trolling.

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Bradshaw: During an evening
spent at his family home

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on the island of Tarawa,
the country\'s capital,

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Tong admits he has little time
to fish these days.

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He was first elected president
in 2003.

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Since then,
he\'s spent much of his time

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sounding the alarm
internationally

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that his country
is disappearing.

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- Already, we have
whole villages being washed out.

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There is no running away
from the reality

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that the sea is rising.

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There is no running away
from that reality.

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Bradshaw:
It\'s a reality

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that appears
to be getting worse by the day.

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A recent study
from the University of Colorado

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estimates that even if
carbon dioxide emissions

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are stabilized,

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sea levels will continue to rise
as much as 2 meters

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by the end of this century.

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It\'s a trend
that would spell disaster

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for his country\'s
108,000 residents,

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who live on narrow strips
of land

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just two meters above sea level.

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- Regardless of what measures
are taken

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in regard to the reduction
of emissions,

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the momentum of what\'s already
in the atmosphere

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will carry on to the point
that it will put us underwater.

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Bradshaw: The Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change

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warns that as greenhouse gases
warm the planet, water expands,

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tides rise,
and waves grow stronger.

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These images,
shot during a storm in 2005,

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show what Tong and his people
are fighting against.

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- [speaking native language]

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- If I didn\'t build
this seawall,

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my house would be wiped out.

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Bradshaw:
Over the last ten years,

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Bob Tioram says he\'s had
two houses destroyed,

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and each time,
he\'s moved further inland

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to rebuild them,

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holding ground
when others have fled.

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- For now, I believe
I can hold the sea back,

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but if it gets much worse,
I\'ll have to move again.

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- The problem has no boundary;
it has no border,

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because the land
doesn\'t get any higher.

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50 meters from where it was,
he\'s as vulnerable

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as the 50 meters today.

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We really are not protected

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in any sustainable way
at the moment.

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Bradshaw: Even so, the fight
to protect land continues.

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Seawalls of every description
dot the coastline.

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- If we had one single
large island,

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I think it might be possible
to put seawalls around it,

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but it\'s virtually
an impossibility

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given the geography,
structure,

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and the scatteredness
of our islands.

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And so where does that leave us?

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We have to face
the reality of it,

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and the reality seems to be
that we have to relocate.

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The question is,
how do we relocate?

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Bradshaw:
Relocate, evacuate,

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but will his nation buy it,
and will the world help?

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Tong takes his country\'s fight
for survival

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to the United Nations.

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- Mr. President,
on climate change:

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while the international
community continues

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to point fingers at each other
regarding responsibility for

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and leadership on this issue,

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our people continue
to experience the impact

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of climate change
and sea level rise.

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Bradshaw:
Many nations continue to argue

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against immediate action.

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It\'s Tong\'s
greatest frustration.

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- Here we were confronted
with a number of countries

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wanting to achieve
more economic growth

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and arguing the case
that, of course,

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they must not be tied down
to these stringent obligations.

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To me, it\'s offensive;
it\'s insulting,

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because it\'s so insensitive
about the fate of -- of people.

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[people singing
in native language]

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♪ ♪

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Bradshaw: The people, says Tong,
who are often forgotten

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when countries
negotiate measures

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meant to combat climate change.

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- Even today,
the world community

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has never made any commitment
to deal with this issue,

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and this is the point
of every speech that I make.

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You know, we talk about
the carbon trading.

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We\'re talking
about everything else

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but dealing with the people
that will be affected.

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Even the polar bears
are being considered

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but not the people
that will be affected,

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and so I think there needs to be
this refocus of attention

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by the world community.

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Bradshaw:
The people of Kiribati

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arrived on these islands
4,000 years ago,

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one of the last stops
in humanity\'s migration

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out of Africa.

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The islands they settled
stretch over an expanse of ocean

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the size of India.

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It\'s here at the most
southern tip that fishermen,

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like 23-year-old Ribita Iobete,

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feel the threat
of global climate change most.

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And it\'s here
their president faces

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some of his greatest challenges.

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- [speaking native language]

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- The temperatures
are getting hotter,

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and there is a change
in the level of the sea.

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It\'s getting higher.

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These changes are affecting
the food we grow.

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Before,
our coconuts were big,

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but now they\'re as small
as our fists.

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Bradshaw:
Ribita says seawater

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has begun seeping
into the water table.

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It gives the well water
his mother draws each day

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a salty taste.

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The frequency and size
of his catch

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has also become
less predictable.

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And then there is
his 83-year-old father, Iobete.

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He\'s declared war
against the rising tide

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building a seawall
and then standing guard over it

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every evening.

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- [speaking native language]

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- I don\'t know why the waves
are getting higher.

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All I know is that I can see
that they are getting higher,

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and my trees are dying.

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Bradshaw: Iobete is typical
of Tong\'s constituents.

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He knows little about
the science and politics

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of climate change,

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just what he sees happening
around him.

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He\'s heard that his island
may soon be underwater

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and that his president says
his family will have to leave,

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yet he doesn\'t seem worried.

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Later, when his sons
discuss the dilemma,

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it becomes apparent why.

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- The scientists say Kiribati
will be under the ocean

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in 30 years\' time.

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The big problem is that
the seas are getting higher.

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So what do you think?

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Will we have to leave?

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- What does Father say?

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- He says he didn\'t believe it.

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There is a promise
from God to Noah

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that the last flood
was the last one,

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and there will not be another.

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And that\'s the truth
that Father told them yesterday,

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that God has promised.

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[people singing
in native language]

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Bradshaw: Kiribati is
a highly religious society,

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and Tong\'s claim
that the country is disappearing

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has generated a backlash.

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- For some time,
there was debate.

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Politically,
in Parliament, they say,

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\"Oh, this president
doesn\'t believe in God,

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because God has said
there shall be no more flood.\"

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Nobody would ever believe
that what God created

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God would take away,
and that-

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we had to talk to people
to tell them

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that the science is there.

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Regardless of whatever
our religious beliefs might be,

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we have to take some-
take into consideration

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some of the science
coming forward.

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Bradshaw: There is more
understanding of the science,

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but many here still believe
it is God who will save them.

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- [speaking native language]

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- My strong belief in God

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and understanding
of the scripture

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is that there will be no flood.

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I believe everyone
on the islands will be safe

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but with the help of others,

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and it is through God\'s hands
that the others will come.

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Bradshaw:
Tong has been invited to Geneva

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to take part in a forum
on climate change

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organized by former U.N.
Secretary General Kofi Annan.

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Although Tong holds
a master\'s degree

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from the London School
of Economics,

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this is his first opportunity

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to speak as president
of Kiribati in Europe.

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So far,
his speeches abroad

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have not generated
the response he\'s hoped for,

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and back home,
his Permanent Secretary

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says they can no longer wait
for the world to act.

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- Now we can see,

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because there is little response
from the outside world,

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that our president tries
to switch the approach.

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Rather than continuing
in appealing,

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now he decides to focus
on a challenge.

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Bradshaw: The challenge
is to make those countries

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contributing to climate change

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take responsibility
for its effects.

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Across the island,

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the real impact
of climate change,

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Tong believes,
has been to make

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an already poor country
even poorer.

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So before shutting
the country down altogether,

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Tong needs to build up
the economy.

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Otherwise, his people will
suffer even greater hardships.

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- The reality is that
there is the short-term issue

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and there\'s the long-term issue.

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The confusion
that a lot of people make

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is to put these two together.

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For the next
30, 40 years,

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we still have to deal
with our daily problems,

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our yearly problems,
and so that must carry on.

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The idea is to encourage

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the development
of the out islands.

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There are people
with more time to do it.

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We just need to be able
to provide them

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with the opportunity,
the skill,

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and whatever equipment
they need.

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Bradshaw: Convincing
development organizations

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to invest in a country
that won\'t be around in 50 years

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is not easy,

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but Kiribati
still has to feed itself.

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For the first time,
the U.N. agency

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specializing in
agricultural development, IFAD,

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sends a team
to assess the situation

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on Kiribati\'s most remote
southern island, Arorae.

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- We would like to understand
some of the challenges

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that you face
with the environment,

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and is there any change
that people have noticed

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in weather, in the sea?

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- Over the last few years,

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we\'ve seen extreme changes
in the environment.

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There has been
a lot of damage to trees.

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Wells are salty.

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There is erosion
along the coastline.

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And because we\'ve had
such little rain

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over the last few years,
our crops are dying,

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and there is no fruit
on the trees.

00:14:51.834 --> 00:14:56.000
These are things
we can\'t fix ourselves.

00:14:56.033 --> 00:15:00.334
- Can I ask, how are you dealing
with these problems?

00:15:00.367 --> 00:15:03.133
What is your strategy
for coping

00:15:03.167 --> 00:15:05.033
with these changes
in environment?

00:15:05.067 --> 00:15:08.067
- [speaking native language]

00:15:10.300 --> 00:15:12.467
- If we think of what
the president of the country

00:15:12.501 --> 00:15:14.767
is saying, that the whole
survival of the islands

00:15:14.801 --> 00:15:17.567
over the next 50 years
is in question,

00:15:17.601 --> 00:15:19.100
a challenge that we face is,

00:15:19.133 --> 00:15:22.000
what happens in the course
of these 50 years?

00:15:22.033 --> 00:15:24.434
We\'ve heard from
the communities themselves

00:15:24.467 --> 00:15:27.934
that they\'re struggling
to feed themselves,

00:15:27.968 --> 00:15:31.067
so how we respond to this
is an enormous challenge,

00:15:31.100 --> 00:15:35.334
and I don\'t think
there is an easy answer.

00:15:35.367 --> 00:15:37.501
Bradshaw: Tong still wants
to develop the island

00:15:37.534 --> 00:15:41.334
and slow the impact
of climate change.

00:15:41.367 --> 00:15:45.634
Hartman\'s group helps islanders
develop a plan,

00:15:45.667 --> 00:15:48.767
one that tackles some of
their most immediate problems,

00:15:48.801 --> 00:15:51.467
like the intrusion of seawater,

00:15:51.501 --> 00:15:53.467
but also breaks new ground
for those living

00:15:53.501 --> 00:15:57.234
on the front lines
of climate change.

00:15:57.267 --> 00:15:58.868
- Agricultural research,
for instance,

00:15:58.901 --> 00:16:02.033
could contribute
to improving soil fertility.

00:16:02.067 --> 00:16:04.200
Agricultural research
could also contribute

00:16:04.234 --> 00:16:07.667
to developing crop varieties
that they can grow

00:16:07.701 --> 00:16:10.334
in these areas
that may increase productivity,

00:16:10.367 --> 00:16:11.734
so they move from subsistence

00:16:11.767 --> 00:16:13.734
to having
just a little bit of surplus

00:16:13.767 --> 00:16:16.501
that they can sell
for income generation.

00:16:16.534 --> 00:16:18.834
So food security
is a critical issue here.

00:16:22.267 --> 00:16:23.601
Bradshaw:
In the last few months,

00:16:23.634 --> 00:16:26.234
this agriculture research center
has been set up

00:16:26.267 --> 00:16:28.567
to help islanders
produce food locally

00:16:28.601 --> 00:16:31.801
and buy time
as conditions worsen.

00:16:31.834 --> 00:16:34.734
The aim is to identify
food crop varieties

00:16:34.767 --> 00:16:37.000
able to tolerate
rising temperatures

00:16:37.033 --> 00:16:41.033
and grow in salty water.

00:16:41.067 --> 00:16:46.868
- The overall goal
is to enable people to produce

00:16:46.901 --> 00:16:50.234
their own grown food

00:16:50.267 --> 00:16:53.000
using locally available material

00:16:53.033 --> 00:16:55.467
and also to be able to

00:16:55.501 --> 00:16:57.334
produce yields given

00:16:57.367 --> 00:17:00.000
all these climate change impacts

00:17:00.033 --> 00:17:02.334
that we are coping with.

00:17:02.367 --> 00:17:04.834
Once these people
in the community

00:17:04.868 --> 00:17:09.434
actually take part
in all these coping strategies,

00:17:09.467 --> 00:17:13.801
I think the impact will be
very, very minimal.

00:17:15.667 --> 00:17:19.334
Bradshaw: It\'s Tong\'s goal
to turn islands like Arorae

00:17:19.367 --> 00:17:21.667
into centers
for food production,

00:17:21.701 --> 00:17:24.667
growing crops that
could help feed populations

00:17:24.701 --> 00:17:25.868
on other islands,

00:17:25.901 --> 00:17:28.300
where the impact
of climate change is advancing

00:17:28.334 --> 00:17:30.868
much more quickly.

00:17:30.901 --> 00:17:34.734
- The battle against
climate change is not lost,

00:17:34.767 --> 00:17:38.801
and small Pacific remote islands
such as this one

00:17:38.834 --> 00:17:41.300
may in fact hold
valuable lessons

00:17:41.334 --> 00:17:42.801
that have global importance

00:17:42.834 --> 00:17:46.601
as the whole world tries to deal
with the changes to our planet.

00:17:46.634 --> 00:17:49.400
- And she asked everybody to...

00:17:49.434 --> 00:17:51.834
Bradshaw: It\'s investments like
this that Tong is looking for

00:17:51.868 --> 00:17:54.200
at the conference in Geneva.

00:17:54.234 --> 00:17:57.067
But while he needs help
easing hardship on his islands,

00:17:57.100 --> 00:18:02.267
he also needs help
moving people off them.

00:18:02.300 --> 00:18:03.767
- The clock is ticking.

00:18:03.801 --> 00:18:07.634
Every year we delay,
the greater the damage,

00:18:07.667 --> 00:18:10.133
the more extensive
the human misery.

00:18:10.167 --> 00:18:12.100
[applause]

00:18:12.133 --> 00:18:14.000
Bradshaw: The conference
is about the impact

00:18:14.033 --> 00:18:16.667
of climate change on people.

00:18:16.701 --> 00:18:20.834
It\'s a perfect opportunity
for Tong to discuss when and how

00:18:20.868 --> 00:18:24.367
he should evacuate his country.

00:18:24.400 --> 00:18:25.834
- I\'m very happy to be here.

00:18:25.868 --> 00:18:28.801
The long-term scenario
according to the projections

00:18:28.834 --> 00:18:32.801
is that we will at some time
have to leave our islands.

00:18:32.834 --> 00:18:36.467
Bradshaw: Tong sounds the alarm
prompting a fellow panelist

00:18:36.501 --> 00:18:39.634
to raise the issue
of climate justice.

00:18:39.667 --> 00:18:41.634
- That\'s exactly
what we need today.

00:18:41.667 --> 00:18:44.234
It\'s climate justice
for the climate refugees,

00:18:44.267 --> 00:18:48.767
who will be lost all
because of industrialization

00:18:48.801 --> 00:18:52.300
and the over-exploitation,
which is not their own doing.

00:18:52.334 --> 00:18:56.200
Bradshaw: It\'s the chance
Tong has been hoping for.

00:18:56.234 --> 00:18:59.200
- President Tong, could you pick
up on that particular point?

00:18:59.234 --> 00:19:01.467
Give us some ideas;
put them on the table here.

00:19:01.501 --> 00:19:03.200
- Okay,
I\'ve got some ideas.

00:19:03.234 --> 00:19:05.200
In fact,
we\'ve already started programs

00:19:05.234 --> 00:19:07.667
in collaboration with
the governments of Australia

00:19:07.701 --> 00:19:08.901
and New Zealand.

00:19:08.934 --> 00:19:12.200
New Zealand currently takes in
75 of our people

00:19:12.234 --> 00:19:14.868
on an annual basis as migrants.

00:19:14.901 --> 00:19:16.868
They are picked at random.

00:19:16.901 --> 00:19:19.968
If each country of this world
would do that,

00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:21.767
I think we would solve
our problem.

00:19:21.801 --> 00:19:23.634
- All right, let\'s pick up
on more ideas from...

00:19:23.667 --> 00:19:27.400
Bradshaw: This is exactly
what Tong hopes will happen.

00:19:27.434 --> 00:19:29.634
Tong\'s strategy
is to offer his people

00:19:29.667 --> 00:19:32.000
as skilled workers abroad,

00:19:32.033 --> 00:19:36.133
a unique, slow evacuation
one person at a time.

00:19:36.167 --> 00:19:38.634
He\'s started by approaching
his closest neighbors,

00:19:38.667 --> 00:19:41.300
New Zealand and Australia.

00:19:41.334 --> 00:19:43.267
- If you\'re going to ask
somebody, you know,

00:19:43.300 --> 00:19:46.033
\"Would you take
a couple of hundred people

00:19:46.067 --> 00:19:47.167
on your front lawn?\"

00:19:47.200 --> 00:19:49.100
And the answer is no.

00:19:49.133 --> 00:19:52.801
But if a couple of thousand

00:19:52.834 --> 00:19:55.300
are going to slip through
a work scheme,

00:19:55.334 --> 00:19:56.801
and they will contribute

00:19:56.834 --> 00:19:59.167
to the companies
that they work for,

00:19:59.200 --> 00:20:00.701
nobody is going to bother,

00:20:00.734 --> 00:20:02.934
and I think it\'s a mutual-
it\'s a win-win situation,

00:20:02.968 --> 00:20:04.934
and this is where
it\'s more attractive.

00:20:09.067 --> 00:20:10.267
Bradshaw: Training centers

00:20:10.300 --> 00:20:12.634
like the Kiribati Institute
of Technology

00:20:12.667 --> 00:20:14.133
are now aligning
their curriculum

00:20:14.167 --> 00:20:17.167
with countries looking
for skilled labor,

00:20:17.200 --> 00:20:21.467
but so far, the only real deal
has been struck with Australia.

00:20:21.501 --> 00:20:24.300
These nursing students
will be trained up,

00:20:24.334 --> 00:20:27.634
then eventually offered jobs
in Australia.

00:20:30.200 --> 00:20:33.000
- And Australia is going to be
a big place for us also.

00:20:33.033 --> 00:20:35.534
It\'s going to be
a big adjustment as well for us.

00:20:35.567 --> 00:20:36.901
- No, that\'s true.

00:20:36.934 --> 00:20:40.534
- I\'ll miss my culture,
of course, my country,

00:20:40.567 --> 00:20:43.167
or the language,
you know,

00:20:43.200 --> 00:20:48.501
and maybe the food
and the ocean.

00:20:48.534 --> 00:20:50.167
I think this is
a good opportunity for me,

00:20:50.200 --> 00:20:56.100
not just for me but also
the future of my family.

00:20:56.133 --> 00:20:58.033
Bradshaw:
Only 80 will go this year,

00:20:58.067 --> 00:21:00.834
just a fraction of the thousands
who will need to be trained

00:21:00.868 --> 00:21:06.067
and move away in the future.

00:21:06.100 --> 00:21:08.234
Even so,
Tong believes it\'s better

00:21:08.267 --> 00:21:11.100
than evacuating the islands
all at once

00:21:11.133 --> 00:21:16.100
and creating a nation
of climate change refugees.

00:21:16.133 --> 00:21:18.167
- This is the last thing
that I want to put forward

00:21:18.200 --> 00:21:19.767
as an option for our people,

00:21:19.801 --> 00:21:23.667
because having lost
our homeland,

00:21:23.701 --> 00:21:27.400
having lost
our cultural identity,

00:21:27.434 --> 00:21:31.400
I don\'t think we want to lose
our dignity,

00:21:31.434 --> 00:21:35.934
and so in trying
to put together options

00:21:35.968 --> 00:21:38.234
for putting this forward,

00:21:38.267 --> 00:21:41.434
we are proposing that
we deal with the issue now.

00:21:41.467 --> 00:21:43.901
We don\'t wait
until the 50 years\' time

00:21:43.934 --> 00:21:45.501
when we have to move,

00:21:45.534 --> 00:21:48.901
but begin
to get directly involved

00:21:48.934 --> 00:21:54.234
in policy schemes
and systems already in place.

00:21:54.267 --> 00:21:57.968
- How can we get
the powerful and rich people

00:21:58.000 --> 00:22:02.367
commit themselves also for
the weak and the poor people?

00:22:02.400 --> 00:22:04.601
Bradshaw: Back in Geneva,
the discussion moves on

00:22:04.634 --> 00:22:07.100
to other ways
in which the global community

00:22:07.133 --> 00:22:10.267
can help vanishing states
like Kiribati,

00:22:10.300 --> 00:22:13.801
and for a moment,
Tong has a chance to dream.

00:22:13.834 --> 00:22:16.167
- I was in Japan quite recently,

00:22:16.200 --> 00:22:18.467
and they were talking,

00:22:18.501 --> 00:22:24.534
and they showed me models
of floating islands, hmm?

00:22:24.567 --> 00:22:27.767
And they cost about $2 billion.

00:22:27.801 --> 00:22:30.200
We would accept one
of those islands for $2 billion,

00:22:30.234 --> 00:22:32.601
but can you find us
the $2 billion?

00:22:32.634 --> 00:22:33.868
These are the questions,
but-

00:22:33.901 --> 00:22:35.367
- Maybe you\'ll get a discount.

00:22:35.400 --> 00:22:39.501
- But...maybe, but also the
question of building up islands:

00:22:39.534 --> 00:22:43.067
that is an expensive exercise,
and...

00:22:43.100 --> 00:22:44.868
Bradshaw: Tong hopes
that in some form,

00:22:44.901 --> 00:22:48.901
even if it\'s just one island,
his nation will live on.

00:22:48.934 --> 00:22:52.834
Most people
would have to be evacuated,

00:22:52.868 --> 00:22:55.100
but in the middle
of the Pacific Ocean,

00:22:55.133 --> 00:22:59.033
there would still be
a place called Kiribati.

00:22:59.067 --> 00:23:01.501
- I think-I hope in our hearts
there will always be

00:23:01.534 --> 00:23:02.901
this place called Kiribati.

00:23:02.934 --> 00:23:05.100
In physical terms,
in geographical terms,

00:23:05.133 --> 00:23:07.901
I would like to be able to ask
of the international community

00:23:07.934 --> 00:23:11.267
that yes, we maintain
some of these islands at least

00:23:11.300 --> 00:23:13.901
to build them up so that
there continues to be

00:23:13.934 --> 00:23:17.300
that place called Kiribati.

00:23:20.133 --> 00:23:22.501
The last thing we want to do
is leave the islands,

00:23:22.534 --> 00:23:25.067
where we were born
and where we wish to die,

00:23:25.100 --> 00:23:28.501
but given the option,
what are those options?

00:23:28.534 --> 00:23:30.267
- I\'m gonna get to
as many voices as possible.

00:23:30.300 --> 00:23:31.767
Aubrey Mayor.

00:23:31.801 --> 00:23:35.300
- You responded to the gentleman
from Kiribati

00:23:35.334 --> 00:23:39.133
suggesting
that he might get a discount.

00:23:39.167 --> 00:23:41.200
I know it was a flip remark,

00:23:41.234 --> 00:23:43.701
but that actually speaks
to the heart of the tragedy

00:23:43.734 --> 00:23:45.267
that we are already involved in.

00:23:45.300 --> 00:23:50.100
It is they who are providing
the discount of their lives

00:23:50.133 --> 00:23:52.400
being lost to climate change.

00:23:52.434 --> 00:23:55.434
[applause]

00:24:02.334 --> 00:24:04.801
- We must present a package,
a credible package.

00:24:04.834 --> 00:24:07.467
Bradshaw:
The session in Geneva is over.

00:24:07.501 --> 00:24:10.067
Tong has played his cards.

00:24:10.100 --> 00:24:12.567
He\'s challenged the world
to help him give his people

00:24:12.601 --> 00:24:15.734
the chance to leave their home
with dignity.

00:24:15.767 --> 00:24:18.033
How does he feel he\'s done?

00:24:18.067 --> 00:24:21.634
- It\'s the commitment that
I think we are still awaiting

00:24:21.667 --> 00:24:23.100
from the international
community.

00:24:23.133 --> 00:24:26.200
We don\'t have that as yet,
and so we need to have that.

00:24:26.234 --> 00:24:27.834
Bradshaw:
Without such a commitment,

00:24:27.868 --> 00:24:31.167
Tong says others
are bound to suffer too.

00:24:31.200 --> 00:24:35.167
- We\'re gone, but somebody else
is going to be gone next.

00:24:37.000 --> 00:24:39.567
We will be victims
regardless of what happens,

00:24:39.601 --> 00:24:42.634
and we\'re just the ones
on the front line now,

00:24:42.667 --> 00:24:45.000
and I think the point is,
if nothing is done,

00:24:45.033 --> 00:24:47.334
then other countries
and other people will be next

00:24:47.367 --> 00:24:49.834
on the front line.

00:24:49.868 --> 00:24:54.033
When do we start to sacrifice
our standards of living

00:24:54.067 --> 00:24:57.534
for the sake of the future
of this planet?

00:24:57.567 --> 00:24:59.734
The biggest challenge
that I want to throw is,

00:24:59.767 --> 00:25:01.400
what are you going to do
about the people

00:25:01.434 --> 00:25:04.167
that have become victims?

00:25:04.200 --> 00:25:07.133
This represents...

00:25:07.167 --> 00:25:11.868
the single biggest
moral challenge to humankind,

00:25:11.901 --> 00:25:13.834
and if it doesn\'t respond
to this,

00:25:13.868 --> 00:25:17.200
then there is no credibility
to anything.

00:25:17.234 --> 00:25:19.501
Bradshaw:
On the edge of the world,

00:25:19.534 --> 00:25:22.367
a nation\'s people wait.

00:25:22.400 --> 00:25:23.601
In just a few decades,

00:25:23.634 --> 00:25:26.534
they may have to leave
these islands for good,

00:25:26.567 --> 00:25:28.934
and what was 4,000 years ago

00:25:28.968 --> 00:25:31.033
the end of humanity\'s
global migration

00:25:31.067 --> 00:25:35.167
could see the start
of its retreat.