WEBVTT

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[music]

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[sil.]

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[music]

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The thing that really got me going
on studying whales was one day,

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there was a report on the radio that a dolphin
had to go ashore somewhere and I thought, wow!

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And so I went out to see it. By the time I
got there, was light, in fact, it was dark.

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[music]

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I had a flashlight, it was raining.
And I looked down at this dolphin,

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somebody had carved their initials
on the side of the dolphin.

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Somebody else had stuck a cigar in its blowhole.
Somebody else had hacked off its tail.

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I stood there in the rain for a long time,

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at some point the flash light
went out, I was thinking,

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\"Why is it that this is the interaction
that most whales can expect from humans.\"

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\"Why is this, what happened?\"

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At that point I decided, \"No, I will do
something to change what I do in life.\"

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To try to have some effect on this,
when that idea occurred to me

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was the greatest sense of an emancipation I\'ve ever felt
in my life. Because I could finally answer the question

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towards what end is my life lived.

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[music]

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To say to myself, I want to change people\'s perceptions
of the wild world and the importance of it.

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And I knew that\'s what I wanted to spend my
life doing. It was a kind of flood of happiness

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I don\'t quite know how to describe it.

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[music]

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Oh, let me see. Umm… Well, I
can think of the White whale,

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the Bowhead whale, the Common
dolphin, the Oak beak whale.

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There is this Sperm whale,
the Beluga, the Narwhals.

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And the Humpback, the Right whale.

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The umm… The Great whale.
Orca, Bottlenose Dolphin,

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pilot whale.

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Uh… Pygmy sperm whale.
Blue whale, Fin whale.

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Umm… Wait, I\'ve got another one. Umm…
it\'s on the tip of my (inaudible).

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Umm… Umm… wait.

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When you\'re swimming with a whale, you are
of course in there medium, very deep ocean,

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way over your head. Few
thousand feet over head.

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I\'m not a very good swimmer. I
always felt a little like I was,

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you know, rolling around in a straight jacket in front
of a tiger. I had no idea what was going to happen,

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and I was completely incapable of
avoiding anything that would happen.

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The first time I ever went swimming with the
whale was with a humpback whale in Bermuda.

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We\'re coming home, the day was over, we\'d finished our
work and we were running along and suddenly, there,

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right in front of us was a
whale, we had never seen it.

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[music]

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Nobody swam with whales up until then I thought uh…
here is if it\'s safe, it\'s interesting and beautiful.

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So I went in the water.
Here was this monstrous,

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huge, graceful thing. It looked
to me over, I looked it over.

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And it made no move against me.

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It was the most fabulous
experience I\'d ever had.

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A big blue whale can
weigh about 150 tonnes.

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That\'s watch able and when
you see a large whale,

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you see grace magnified to a point which
you have never seen the equal up before.

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It\'s just pure fluidity,

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the whole animal bends and moves and fashions
which the finest dancer and we\'d just envy blind.

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[music]

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It\'s a wonderful, fabulous personal experience,
but you know, learn a lot from the whale.

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The whales but to told time looking you over. And
so, you\'re not really seeing any natural behavior.

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[music]

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Right whales in Argentina,

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you dive down next to them. They then dominate
you, they will swim right over the top of you

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and if there\'s three feet of water beneath you, before
you get to the bottom, you get crowded into that space

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and it\'s very scary. But
they don\'t hurt you,

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they don\'t carry through and it\'s all threats.
Some evidence of the way the whale treats you,

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comes through in its behavior. And then you
realize, that\'s not was not gonna hurt me.

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All the stuff that but got set
about whales, by the old whalers,

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the bravery of it, the machismo of it, and
so, it\'s not true, it\'s lies, simple lies.

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[music]

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Because if you try to
kill one, it\'s different.

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Then the whale \"Mercy me,\" defends itself. What
an evidence of a vicious creature that is.

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But if you go out after them and you don\'t
try to kill them, it was very evident that

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they\'re not going to hurt you all. When it turns on the water and
moves its body around, you feel everything washing and rolling

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and you think my word, you know, \"I\'m gonna
live through this.\" But you do, you always do.

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[music]

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At first, they would kill whales,
drag them ashore flense them

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which is a fancy word for cutting the skin off them
and cutting them up. And then, they would go out

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and go get another whale and bring it in, but then eventually the trip
to get whales became too far and they started flensing the whales

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by tying them to the side of the
boat and cutting them up from there.

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[music]

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When James Cook, Captain Cook went down
to the Antarctic. He saw so many whales

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that he could not look off his ship without seeing
several blows going on all at the same time.

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He reported this, when he got back.

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And people immediately thought uh-huh. Now the species they were trying to
hunt, there in the Antarctic, the most abundant ones were very hard to catch.

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But one, a new mechanized
industry was developed

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and people could inflate these whales with air because
they sink body of the whale sinks if you don\'t.

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Then, the Antarctic went from an area
where you could see thousands of whales

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to one like I\'ve just seen.
I think we saw two whales.

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Now you\'re talking about the absolute
ground zero central concentration of whales

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in the world and it\'s been
decimated, gone, why?

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Well, cause of greed.

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[music]

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They\'ve started big industrial operations.

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High speed chaser boats which have a cannon on the bow,
which shoot a harpoon that weighs about 200 pounds

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and the whale that has
an explosive tip on it.

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There are records of whales being killed
only after four hours and nine harpoons.

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The horrible way to kill an animal

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would be hard to imagine the worst men. The
numbers of kills were simply staggering.

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About 10% of the total population of
blue whales was killed in one year.

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If you can kill animals at a rate like this,
there\'s no hope for them at all, absolutely none.

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When finally people realized, oh, I see,
uh… well maybe we have a problem here.

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So they founded an organization eventually which
was called the \"International Whaling Commission.\"

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[music]

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It has basically sat over the
near extinction of most species.

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Some of the species have been knocked down to two or
three or four or five percent of their original numbers.

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So you couldn\'t call it a big success.

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[music]

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They are now electrocuted to death.

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Why, well, because her harpoon kind of destroys too
much, me to takes away the value of the whale.

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The best way to do it is to use a small
harpoon, knot with an explosive tip

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and then electrocute the whale with a long (inaudible) and
when you watch a whale being electrocuted, it\'s disgusting.

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There\'s nothing about it which
isn\'t totally revolting.

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None of that would happen if people could ever
see it. And the whaling industry is determined

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to make sure that you don\'t see it.

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[music]

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I was raised in New York City.

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Very happy childhood, very happy family.
Very normal family

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but not normal for these times,
but normal for those times.

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My father was an electrical
engineer at the Bell Labs,

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my mother was a musician.

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And she taught me a love for
music that was enormous

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and my father taught me a love for sailing, and so, both
those things have really been the hallmarks of my life.

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[music]

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I used to walk around in
New York City looking up,

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so they didn\'t have to see the buildings.
And I saw what I thought were hawks.

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But it turned out to be
seagulls like flying around.

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And uh… then funny, I went to the country and when I was in the country, I
realized for the first time that this was the most wonderful place that existed.

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[music]

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Everything I did from then on was designed
to try to get out into the country,

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that\'s what I wanted to do.
I had a biology teacher

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which is I think one of the reasons I went
into biology. She lent me a book one time,

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it was a precious thing
in my life at that point.

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I kept it for a matter of I don\'t know probably half a
year and practically memorize it, it was about birds

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and that is where I think my
interest in biology first began.

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I wanted to have some kind of world

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where music could have something to do with what I
did. I knew I wasn\'t good enough as a musician,

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nobody would ever pay a nickel
to hear me play anything.

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So what I really wanted to do is I wanted
to do something which involved music.

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And that\'s why I got interested in sound and how it affects animals
because that\'s something I could do safely with no real musical talent.

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[music]

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I started out my career studying bats.

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For my PhD I worked on owls

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and then I worked on moths, as a friend of
mine once another fly by night organisms.

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And these are all animals for
which sound is really important.

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I spent about five years as a
post doc doing work on moths

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and I began to think, well, \"Hey, what I\'m doing has
no relevance to what I know is so incredibly important

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and that is the condition
of the wild world.\"

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[music]

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Well, hey, the only thing you
know is about sound with animals.

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What can you do that matters?
And I thought, \"Whales.\" Uh…

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[music]

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I\'ve never seen a whale no
idea what they look like.

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[music]

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I\'ve decided if I could service
that interest in sound

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that then maybe I could affect the
lives of whales because that time

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we were killing about
35,000 of them each year.

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[music]

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[sil.]

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When I got going on studying whales,

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there was a lot of machismo baloney. The
man is out there struggling against all

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the problems of the world, and it\'s a lot of crap. The
person is actually out there, missing his family,

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wondering what\'s going on at home, worrying about the kids, the wife
and so on. The important thing to do is to take your family with you

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and so I did. And it was really difficult
to do. A lot of people thought,

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\"Oh, tut-tut-tut,\" you know, this guy is not really doing
serious work, if he\'s got his family with him but it worked.

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And my kids stayed with me and the result is that three
out of four of them have gone into conservation biology

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and the fourth one is an acrobat
in the Cirque du Soleil,

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and he\'s the one we\'re also jealous of.
We can hardly face it.

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[music]

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We started going to Patagonia in 1970 and my kids,
the youngest of them at the time was about six,

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and the oldest about nine and a half.
Four kids, three and a half years

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but it was as close as you
can pack \'em pretty much.

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And we lived on list shore of a bay, in which
the nearest neighbor was 10 miles away.

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The bay was absolutely
deserted of all but us.

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You could look out and see nothing, not a
single evidence of humanity in any direction.

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And the longest period we
ever went was for 22 months.

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We lived in tents the first year.
Later we built a cinder block house.

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[music]

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And the kids grew up in that environment. They
played with sea lions. They played with Rhea\'s,

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these flightless birds
rather like an ostrich.

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[music]

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And they have always, in their lives have that bond which I
think is so incredibly important. That came from Patagonia.

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That came from the infinite south
from the oceans, from whales

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and it\'s something that\'s
steeped in their souls.

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[music]

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That night the whales would come into the
bay and their breathing would awaken you.

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But as lovely,

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an interruption to sleep
as one could imagine.

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[music]

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Hello, I\'m Jordan. And today, I\'ll tell you a bit about whales.
Whales and dolphins and porpoises are called cetaceans.

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There are nearly 80 different
kinds of cetaceans.

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Scientists divided them
into two different groups,

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baleen whales and toothed whales.

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Blue Whales and Minke whales
are examples of Baleen whales.

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Baleen whales eat small fish and crustaceans which they
filter through giant furry (inaudible) in their mouths.

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[music]

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Humpback whales cooperate when they feed.
They gather around school of minnows

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and one whale might

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uh… blow bubbles out of its
blow hole and kind of make a…

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a spiral around the fish that would
press the school of fish together

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and then all the whales circling around
the school, they would just go in

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and eat all they can.

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[music]

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Toothed whales include all dolphins\'
and porpoises as well as bigger whales

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like sperm whales and killer whales.
Toothed whales eat larger fish and squid.

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Killer whales sometimes
eat other sea mammals

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and even other whales,
bigger than themselves.

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[music]

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The biggest whale is the Blue whale.

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It is probably the biggest creature
to ever have lived on this planet.

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The average length is nearly a 100 feet.

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Its heart is the size of a VW-Beetle. A
small adult could crawl through the aorta.

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A child could walk. Oh, look,

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\"I\'m walking through a whale\'s body.
Ladi-dadi-da.

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The tongue can weigh four tons. It weighs more than an
elephant. The external part of the ear is very small,

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the size of the tip of a pencil.

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The eye is the size of a
teacup with a single breath,

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a blue will conflate up to 2000 balloons.

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[music]

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The importance of the
size of these whales is

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that very little bothersome. To
whalers, practically nothing

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that whale is disturbed by. So it can
afford to live life in a peaceful fashion.

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It can afford basically to, you know, sleep at
night, not worry about anything else around it.

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It can explore the world and approach it with a
confidence that no other species has except us

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and even \"We\" don\'t have it I believe
at the depth that whales have.

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[music]

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Largeness just so important.

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It\'s important for us to feel small, there\'s
very little that makes us feel small.

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It\'s a good experience, we don\'t
get access to it very often,

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when you get next something that is so vastly
bigger than you are. And so vastly stronger,

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and so fastly more skilled in, its element
than you are. You then begin to have respect,

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that you don\'t otherwise
get access to in yourself.

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Whales do this in a way which is wonderful,

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something which can change our lives. And change our
lives in a way that will save us from ourselves.

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From ourselves own super
arrogance about what we really.

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We like to think of ourselves as the
star of the show, the main act.

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We aren\'t. You know, we just walk on.
I think we have to basically

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sit back, relax and learn how to be what we
are, which is a very interesting species

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but just another pretty
face that\'s all we are.

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:43.000
[music]

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
I have two favorite kinds of whales.

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
I one favorite toothed whale which is the
Sperm whale and it\'s the biggest tooth whale.

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
And I… one favorite Baleen whale

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
and it is the Humpback whale. The
reason why I like the Humpback is just…

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
It\'s awesome whale. It can do
so much stuff and it\'s huge.

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
My favorite whale is the Narwhal.

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
Because it looks like it has a horn.

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
My favorite whale is the blue whale
\'cause he\'s the biggest animal.

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
[sil.]

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
My favorite whale is the common dolphin.

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
Because I think it\'s cute.

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:08.000
[music]

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
There are a wonderful extraordinary things that dolphins
have done. There is a description of a dolphin baby

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
that came over to the window and it\'s
a tank. And there was a guy smoking

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
and blowing out smoke, and the baby went
over it, nursed for a moment on its mother

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
and came back and blew out
a little puff of milk

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
against the screen which looked,
of course, just like guy smoke.

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:43.000
[music]

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
There are all sorts of evidences of a kind of mind
which is a very familiar mind to us. It\'s like ours.

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
For example, there are dolphins
which save people who are drowning

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
and there is no question, at all. But that\'s what
dolphins do, I mean, there was a woman friend of mine

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
who studied these, this phenomenon and discovered she asked
various people who claim to have been saved by dolphins questions

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
that they couldn\'t have known the answer
to unless it actually happened to them.

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
Like, we were on the body, did
the dolphin press against you.

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
What more could one species do for another

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
and to save its life?

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:33.000
[music]

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:43.000
[sil.]

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
The rarest whale in the world is something called the
Lipotes that lives in the Yangtze River in China.

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:58.000
[sil.]

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
It is a species which is
down to about a handful.

00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
[sil.]

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
Chichi is a male Lipote dolphin. He was
caught accidentally by fishermen in 1980.

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:23.000
[sil.]

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
Around 1982, there about 400
Lipotes in the Yangtze River.

00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
In \'86, we found they were
less than 300 hundred

00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
and by \'94, they were less than a hundred.

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
[sil.]

00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:49.999
Our friend who spent much of his life as a vet working with dolphins
in captivity is that that was the smartest dolphin you\'d ever seen.

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
So maybe we\'re about to lose the
smartest of all the dolphins.

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:59.999
[music]

00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:04.999
Now the reason for this phenomenon

00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:09.999
is not because Lipotes are inherently weak
species and therefore should be extinct.

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:14.999
They\'re not like the dinosaur whose
extinction was unrelated to man.

00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:19.999
Well, though every species has a
process from its blossom to its vain.

00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:24.999
The Lipote dolphin\'s process
has been accelerated

00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:29.999
by the activities of man. Fisheries, transportation,
river pollution, and dam construction.

00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
[non-English narration]

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
We\'re not careful, they
will quickly disappear.

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
[music]

00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
Human beings and their behavior have
driven extinction rates up in this world

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
by 10, 000 times and that\'s just an example of
the global experiment that we are carrying out

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
with the natural systems of this world.

00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
[sil.]

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
Thirty five years ago, when I
started working on whales,

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
the obvious thing that was killing them
was the whaling industry that was that.

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
But now, other threats that have appeared and are
growing larger and larger are really of concern

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
for example pollution.

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
[sil.]

00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
This (inaudible) right now, is what I considered the most
important research which I have ever been involved in my life.

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
[sil.]

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
We are collecting fats from spring whales,

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
we then analyze for their pollutants.

00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:54.999
This fish and the sea that we eat now are so polluted by
so many compounds that are from simply not safe to eat.

00:28:55.000 --> 00:28:59.999
One has warned against eating very large
examples that means they\'re very old,

00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.999
and have had a long lifetime to accumulate lots
of substances in them that are bad for you.

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:09.999
[sil.]

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
[music]

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
If you have fish which have two parts per
million of PCPs. PCPs or one of the substances

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
that pollute these animals? You
are allowed to sell them as food.

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
If they have more than that you aren\'t. If they have 50 parts
per million, you have to consider that they are toxic waste

00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
and you have to dispose of
them at special facility.

00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
Killer whales have been found with
concentrations as high as 400 parts per million.

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
Fifty parts per million, you have to
dispose of them in special facilities.

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
Beluga whales and they go off the St.
Lawrence. 3200 parts per million.

00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
And bottlenose dolphin, 6800 parts per me.

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
[music]

00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
These animals are swimming toxic dump
sites. They would be eligible for cleanup

00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
under the superfund laws, if you could clean \'em
up you can\'t, there\'s no way to clean them up.

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
That problem is a serious problem and it affects
whales as well and affects people, it affects anything

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
that lives of the top of an oceanic
food chain. Well, where do we live?

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.999
At the tops of oceanic food chain.

00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:33.000
[music]

00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:39.999
[sil.]

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:48.000
[music]

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
I know whales came from
ancient land creatures.

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
More like wolf or dog looking creature.

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
And they started to get closer to the
water and they developed into a bigger,

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
more dinosaur like looking thing and,

00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
and then, then they developed fins and
everything and they became whales.

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
It took like umm… like a lot of time.

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:28.000
[music]

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
The thing that interests most people
about whales is their enormous brain,

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
I mean, what\'s it there for?
What are they using it for?

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
And the answer is nobody knows.

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
The brain of a human being

00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
weighs about a tenth as much as the brain
of a sperm whale and you could say,

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
Yeah, ah, yes, sure, but of course, the sperm whale being such a large
animal needs all that brain tissue in order to run all of its systems

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
and the answer is not entirely.
If you look at the levels of org…

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
organization of the cortex that fancy part of
our brain that makes us so proud to be human,

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
you find that there may be
in fact amongst Dolphins,

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
another layer, one higher
than the layer that we have.

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
Does that mean that I think the
Dolphins are poets philosophers

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
who can do string physics and all this kind of thing?
The answer is \"No.\" I don\'t believe that at all.

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
Unlikely that they have the same sort of
way of looking at the world that we do

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
because else, they would have destroyed the world. They\'ve
had plenty of time to do it, but they haven\'t done so.

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
Now people did say, \"Yes, that\'s because
they don\'t have an opposable thumb.\"

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
But if you weight 150 tonnes you can do a lot
of damage. They could do a lot of push thing

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
and somehow whales have not done so.
They have continued to exist.

00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:04.999
[music]

00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
So what it says is a wonderfully valuable lesson,
you can own this big fancy piece of equipment

00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
without destroying the world, they\'ve done it.
And I think we have much to learn from them.

00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
How to live in a world
without destroying it?

00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
If we could somehow temper our
arrogance enough to learn from them.

00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:33.000
[music]

00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
That is the incredibly unique
contribution that whales makes demand.

00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:44.999
We\'ve gone, I think from save
the whales to save by the way.

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:53.000
[music]

00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
I was in the engine room
of a ship in Bermuda

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
and a friend of mine said,
\"Oh, listen to this,\"

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
and he put this tape long and I was completely blown away. I
mean, I had never heard anything like it from the wild world.

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
Nothing even approaching it,
it was utterly beautiful.

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:43.000
[music]

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
I was stunned. What is this? If you\'re
saying this is a humpback and he said,

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
\"Yeah, and he could demonstrate it.\" And
so, I began making recordings myself.

00:34:55.000 --> 00:35:03.000
[music]

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
And with another friend, a
guy named Scott McVeigh,

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
we started listening and listening and
eventually heard that these songs were

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
more repeated rhythmic sequences of sounds, they
were songs, by that anybody\'s definition of a song.

00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:29.999
The song was a long
repeated sequence of sound.

00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:34.999
Then we were able to lay out
the sound in a visual form,

00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
the thing is called a sound spectrograph.

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
Then you could see that the patterns
went on for about 15 minutes and,

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
\"Whoa, came back and repeated themselves again,\"
and went on and did it the whole song again.

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
[music]

00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
The sounds these whales make

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.999
a lot of people react to it by weeping. A
lot of people are completely silenced.

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
When I hear well songs

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
I just kind of feel, it\'s hard to
explain, I get kind of caught up in it.

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:23.000
[music]

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
The noises somehow tie into or senses

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
of great loss, tragedy.

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
[music]

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
To me the most interesting connection
between whales and people is that,

00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
whales use many of the same laws in their compositions
of songs that human composers use in their compositions.

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
They even incorporate rhyme in their song, that\'s
another\'s discovery of my former wife Katie Payne.

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
When a whale is seen a
very complicated song,

00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
it actually uses rhyming endings every
now and then, two phrases that it sings.

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
For instance, whales have some sounds
which go sort of mm-hmm whoa! Whoa!

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
And then they go… Whoa… whoa.
Now, if later on,

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
they changed that first to be… (inaudible)
which was a very common thing,

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
we break it up into notes. They will still
keep the rhyming ending. Whoa, whoa on it.

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
And as that change occurs, it will
maintain that whining it, rhyming ending.

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:38.000
[music]

00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:04.999
So my suspicion is that this commonality
of musical experience in whales and people

00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
is a demonstration of the fact that singing
is far, far older than our species.

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
It is something we have
inherited from ancestors

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
so distant that we don\'t understand it.
I think it\'s why it\'s so hard

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
to explain to somebody why it is that you\'re
saying, what\'s, you know, so what? Why singing?

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
Why make music? It\'s impossible to give a voice
to why that is done? Why is it important,

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
you know, why not do something else? The answer
is it\'s absolutely up the center of our being.

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:43.000
[music]

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
I think the fact that whales and humans were
separated for such a long period of time,

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
means that there has been
a parallel track down

00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
which the vertebrate brain has been selecting
for things that work, and guess what?

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
It\'s the same in a whale and any human being. We\'re
both entertained by the same kinds of things.

00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
That tells you what it is that makes
whales so attractive to people

00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
is that they are singing in an emotional
language that we don\'t really fully understand

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
but which resonates like mad with us.

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:28.000
[music]

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
The most exciting moment I think in my career
was one night, when I had been designing

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
a little apparatus is to put on whale that would make a noise and then
I could follow the whale. And we had to make these things be heard

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
for a distance of a mile or more, and a
friend of mine, had taught me the formulas

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
that enable you to figure out how far away you
can hear a sound under the water, and I thought,

00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
\"I wonder how far you could hear whale?\"

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
[music]

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
And I made a calculation of how
far would these sounds be heard?

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
And I realized who heard, \"My lord,
it can be heard thousands of miles.

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
And so, I finally wrote this up
with the same friend of mine

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
and we published it and it
almost ruined my career.

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:33.000
[music]

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
They couldn\'t tolerate that kind of an idea and the
result was people went after my sources of funds,

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
they went after me as a
person, it was disgusting.

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
[music]

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
And then, one time, I was at a
meeting and I gave a paper,

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
and the meeting was all a bunch of mathematicians. The papers was suppose to last for
an hour, it lasted five hours because they stopped me all the time, asked me questions.

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
And when it was all over, their conclusion was,
\"Well, you\'re… your calculations very conservative,

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
you know, these whales are hearing each other
a lot farther than you think they are.\"

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
[music]

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
And that was the most thrilling moment, was first thinking
it up and then later after being punished by criticism

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
from people who didn\'t really know about
it, finally having it come through that,

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
\"Oh, yes, these sounds
do travel that distance.

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
In the early \'70,

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
I listened through a number of hours of recordings that to
Roger Payne had made with underwater microphones near Bermuda.

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
And I happened upon a phrase

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
that the whale sang that I
could play on the soprano sax

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
and what I wanted to do then it was
have the theme for this piece,

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
be actually composed by of whale, so that I
can say that this is a real collaboration

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
with the whale and give the
whale composing credits.

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:13.000
[music]

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
I spent two years traveling

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
all over the country with a tape recorder and playing
sounds to people through headphones of humpback songs,

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
to get their reaction to them. This had a reaction
on humans that you\'d never seen the likes of before

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
and I realized ah! This is the way you can
get people interested in saving whales.

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
You can let them hear their sounds
and then I set out to do that.

00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
[music]

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
I put out a record of way of whale called Song
of the Humpback Whale, it became a bestseller.

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
The National Geographic Society
was supporting our work

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
and they got interested in maybe doing a record too. Back in the days,
when they used to be flexible records inside a book or a magazine,

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
and so, we did an article and the
geographic put out a recording.

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
And at the time, they had 10.5 million members.
So they had to print 10.5 million copies.

00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:39.999
And that was and still is I might say

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
the single largest print order in the
history of the recording industry.

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
Rogers recording the songs
of the Humpback whales

00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
had probably done more
for the cause of whales

00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
than all of the prints and
the symposia put together.

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:08.000
[music]

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
Greenpeace started back in the \'60s and it
was interested in stopping nuclear testing

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:19.999
by the French in the Pacific. And
when it got involved with whales,

00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:24.999
it just changed the scene completely. Here
were people who were willing to go out

00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
and get between whales and the boat
that was trying to kill whales,

00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
and at times harpoons were fired directly over their
heads practically killing the people on the boat.

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:43.000
[music]

00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
It was real theater. It was something
that caught the attention of the world.

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:54.999
And that made all the difference,

00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:59.999
and suddenly went from people kind of caring or a few
people caring to everybody being just fascinated

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
by what was going on.

00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
Because that was a time when there was
this huge kind of cultural movement,

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
the Vietnam War was making a huge difference and
it was uniting everybody who were opposed to it.

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
And that force carried people on to,

00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
they began to see that they could do things
together if they really operated together.

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
Dr. Roger Payne. Thanks, thanks.
That\'s great.

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
They could make a difference. They could make a change. They
began to win something. And without realizing it, it myself,

00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
I said, that I felt I really didn\'t
want to live in a world without whales.

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
My feeling is \"No,\" that
is too much madness.

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
And a lot of strange and lovely things
began to come in through in it.

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
John Perry made and inflated whale

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
and he took it all over the world. It
was fascinating with things he did.

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
He was a kind of pied piper who led
people using this he called flow.

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
Uh… It was exhilarating
because we really thought

00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
that we were having an effect, we knew we
were getting out an awful lot of people.

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
[music]

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
And Flow became such a symbol

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
with the save the world moment itself.
So there wasn\'t a saved world then.

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
Uh… Whether rally, or concert or
whatever that she was invited too.

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
And then, as the years went by, which is only a few
years, we\'re talking about a here five or six years.

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
The votes in the International
Whaling commission

00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
gradually started to stack more
and more favor of the whales.

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
[music]

00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
It all added up to what was I believe,

00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
the first and most important, perhaps, starting step
in getting the global environmental moment under way.

00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:10.000
It was a huge success story.

00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
And I thought, we saved
whales, but I was wrong.

00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
To make it possible to continue

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
and wonderful scam had been invented by
the Whalers called \"Scientific Whaling,\"

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
it is an allowed activity under the International
Whaling Commission when there is a moratorium present

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
and what it is, actually is the
same people hunting the same whales

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
using the same equipment in the same places
and selling them to the same markets,

00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
but now it\'s science.

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:58.000
[sil.]

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
The International Whaling
Commission protects only species

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
which are defined in the loosest way as
whales. So you get these hideous aberrations

00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:30.000
like the \"Faroese whaling on pilot whales.

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:43.000
[sil.]

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
It is festival machismo brutality.

00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:58.000
[music]

00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.999
The newest, best scam of all is to say we gotta get
rid of those whales before they kill all our fish.

00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:19.999
This is something that plays wonderfully to
people who are completely unfamiliar with truth.

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
Is a classic example of this that
occurred off the Aleutian Islands.

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
Back in the \'40s and \'50s,

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
the big whales in the Aleutian Islands are basically
wiped up, pretty nearly wiped up, there some left,

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.999
but they had been one of the major foods
apparently for orcas, the killer whale.

00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:44.999
Now what happened is the orcas
had to feed on something else,

00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:49.999
so they switched to something called
Stellar sea lions which is a huge species

00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:54.999
and they seem clobbered those down while
then they switched to northern sea lions,

00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:59.999
a smaller but more plentiful species. Uh… Well,
they clobbered those. So they went to sea otters

00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:04.999
and wrecked him. Now sea otters, their
main prey is something called sea urchins

00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
and sea urchins eat kelp. So the result
was the sea otter population collapsed,

00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
the sea urchin population exploded in,

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
and ate the kelp forest, right down to their
roots. Now there was no place to hide

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
for the larval forms of the ocean fish of the species that
we really want and the result was the fisheries collapsed,

00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.999
and that brought people who
were fishing to, to bankruptcy.

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:34.999
Forty years ago, when this started, the
whalers thought they were killing whales,

00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
what they were really killing was the larval forms
of the fish, we are destroying that fishery

00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
and putting 21st century
fishers out of business.

00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:49.999
[music]

00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:58.000
[sil.]

00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:04.999
Now what is happening is that
Japanese whalers are trying

00:51:05.000 --> 00:51:09.999
to change the ruling and
get rid of the moratorium.

00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:14.999
Japan is likely to renew its call off for the ban on
commercial whaling to be lifted and it might get its way.

00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:19.999
The International Whaling Commission imposed
upon commercial hunting nearly 20 years ago

00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:24.999
and to whaling countries have held sway

00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:29.999
for more than two decades, but at this
year\'s annual meeting in Sorrento,

00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:34.999
environmentalists fear new members to the commission
could tip the balance. The Japanese government

00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:39.999
is bribing developing nations into
the International Whaling Commission

00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:44.999
to uh… get more force behind their
interests which is whaling.

00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:49.999
Should we allow whaling to begin again, to get
rid of the moratorium which was passed in 1980s

00:51:50.000 --> 00:51:54.999
and go back to commercial
whaling, if we do,

00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:59.999
how stupid would we have to be to think there\'s any
reason at all that this kind of cheating is gonna stop.

00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:04.999
Letting whaling begin again
is an absolute disaster.

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.999
I see my life\'s work which I\'ve been doing
for about the last 35 years on whaling,

00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:14.999
just being dismantled in front of my eyes.
It\'s a horrible feeling.

00:52:15.000 --> 00:52:23.000
[music]

00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:44.999
We\'re talking about an animal
that did no harm to me.

00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:49.999
An animal which had lived on Earth
for millions of years and molested.

00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:54.999
An animal which has a largest of all
brain and animal which can sing songs.

00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:59.999
If we can\'t save whales,
we can\'t save anything.

00:53:00.000 --> 00:53:08.000
[music]

00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:24.999
I do not think human beings are
more important than other species.

00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:29.999
Considering what humans have done

00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:34.999
and what they are doing are making
them less important kind of.

00:53:35.000 --> 00:53:39.999
I think that if they were to help nature more, they\'d
become more important in the, in the cycle of life.

00:53:40.000 --> 00:53:44.999
Margaret Mead was once asked

00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:49.999
do you think that a single individual can
make a difference and she\'s pointed is

00:53:50.000 --> 00:53:54.999
it\'s the only thing that ever has made a difference. People
don\'t realize that they can do it. They can change the world.

00:53:55.000 --> 00:53:59.999
You know there\'s nothing to it. All people
have to do is to change their minds,

00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:04.999
and that\'s something that is in their own
power and if they can decide to do that,

00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:09.999
yeah, we can change the world.
And if we do that,

00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:14.999
we will be the greatest generation that ever lived in the
history of human race, nobody will ever have had an opportunity

00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:19.999
a shot at greatness as much as
we have, if we fail to do that

00:54:20.000 --> 00:54:24.999
we will be the most vilified in history because
people will know we knew what was going on,

00:54:25.000 --> 00:54:29.999
we recognized the fact that the Earth is falling apart
and we did nothing, nothing that really matters.

00:54:30.000 --> 00:54:34.999
[music]

00:54:35.000 --> 00:54:39.999
When people finally understand what
it is that\'s wrong in this world.

00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:44.999
They act fast, they act so fast
that you can\'t even react.

00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:49.999
Classic example that
we\'ve all lived through,

00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:54.999
through the falling of the Soviet state and the
falling of the Berlin Wall, that happened so quickly

00:54:55.000 --> 00:54:59.999
that the United States government has
nothing to say about it, just happened.

00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:04.999
That kind of thing we\'ve done in the past,

00:55:05.000 --> 00:55:09.999
gives me huge hope. That once people
decide to make a change, they\'ll do it

00:55:10.000 --> 00:55:14.999
and they\'ll do it so quickly
that you just watch.

00:55:15.000 --> 00:55:23.000
[music]