WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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Previously on Life…

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There was hundreds of studies that showed that inequalities are increasing
and are going to continue to increase. If you are undereducated,

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if you are unconnected

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to the major commercial and
technological centers of the world,

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you are on a downward escalator. Our social
structures are broken down. We need to

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reeducate our classes.

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[music]

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For too many girls in the developing world today,
going to school is beyond even their wildest dreams.

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Brought up from an early age, to believe
their only purpose in life is marriage

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and childbearing. In today\'s film,

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we explore what holds them back and look at
new initiatives to overcome the hurdles.

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Across Africa

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far more boys than girls go to school. It\'s mostly poverty
that prevents parents sending their daughters to school.

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Given a choice between educating sons or daughters,
they inevitably end up favoring the boys.

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Though stories may be different, the
results are depressingly similar.

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When there\'s not enough money to educate all
the children in a family, girls miss out.

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This is tobacco country in Zimbabwe,

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about 50 kilometers from the capital Harare.
Sixty families work here on Exe Farm.

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Most of the girls growing up here will follow their
mothers\' example and become seasonal laborers.

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But their dreams are very different.

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When I finish school, I\'d like
to train to be dressmaker.

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If I can get to school, I want
to take computer studies.

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My biggest dream is to get to a secondary
school right up to the sixth form.

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After that,

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I want to train to be a pilot.

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I want to make a lot of money.

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I want to do business.

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But these farm girls will be lucky
to realize their ambitions.

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There is no secondary school on the farm
and just one primary school. It was built

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by the owner of the farm, Michael Henderson. Despite all his
efforts, many of the girls don\'t finish primary school.

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Some never have the chance to go at all.

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Right from the very beginning, the Africans
have understood that education is…

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is vital to the careers and everything.

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It… It is a choice between educating a boy and
a girl. If they happen to manage to do both

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then the boy gets the… the benefit of
the doubt. It\'s probably an inherited

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tradition that the boys

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get the better in life.

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Twelve-year-old Lucia goes
to Exe Farm Primary School.

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She\'s one of just 90 girls at the school
out of a total of over 200 pupils.

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Lucia\'s also the only child in her family
to have the chance of an education.

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She\'s one of

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three sisters in a family of AIDS orphans.

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[non-English narration]

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Her older sister, Barita, is 14

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and had to leave school after her parents
died. Now she helps run the household

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and look after her smaller siblings.

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[sil.]

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Seeing Lucia going to school is very
painful to me. I wish I could go as well.

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[sil.]

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What I like about school is that
it could give me a better future.

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Without education, you don\'t
get anywhere nowadays.

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[sil.]

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At ten, Portia is the youngest and
has not yet been to school at all.

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[sil.]

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It makes me sad to see Lucia going
to school. I wish I were me instead.

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[sil.]

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Without education,

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I can only work on the farm. I don\'t like
working on the farm, because you don\'t get

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to know what is happening elsewhere. It\'s
so close. I would rather work in the town.

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[sil.]

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Since their parents\' death,

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all three girls have lived with their grandmother. She finds
it increasingly hard to support even Lucia\'s education.

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What is so painful is that I can\'t earn enough
money to send all my grandchildren to school.

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I really wish that all
of them go to school.

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Education is now very important these days.

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No child should be staying at
home and not going to school.

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I don\'t have a permanent job. All the jobs
I get are during the agricultural season.

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What little money I do get
is only enough to buy food.

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Under those circumstances, would you send

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a child to school instead of buying food?
Even if Lucia

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does finish primary school, there\'s no secondary
school on the farm. This is the nearest one.

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It\'s 24 kilometers away, in Norton.

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Seventeen-year-old Miriam is the only
girl from Exe Farm to have made it here.

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But the price she\'s had to pay, since the age
of 13, is to live alone all week in a bedsit.

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My parents\' likes me to go to school.

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So I have to stay four years. They\'re
almost struggling for me to go to school

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and I keep their promises.

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For me the thing is I must complete school.

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Miriam tries to go home to the farm
at weekends to see her parents.

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Their wages,

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as farm workers, aren\'t enough
to pay her school fees,

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so they sell fruits to make the extra money
they need. My biggest dream is for Miriam

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to finish her education, get
a job and do well in life.

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I want her to do better than me. I don\'t
want her to have the kind of life I had.

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[sil.]

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On Sunday nights, Miriam makes the
long hard journey back to town.

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It\'s not a journey she could do on a daily basis. But
without being able to afford a room near school,

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Miriam would be stuck on the farm like other
girls her age. It\'s only thanks to her parents\'

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persistence that she\'s being educated
at all. It\'s exciting for me

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that Miriam\'s doing so well in her studies.

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That\'s the way it should be. With her kind of
dedication, I see light at the end of the tunnel.

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Here we\'re left with, what? 22!

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I want to have a supermarket

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so that I can get a lot of money
and then I will find a nice place

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for my parents so that
they will leave the farm

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and live in a nice place.

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But with no extra income to
improve her chances in life,

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Barita remains dependent upon her grandmother. Her
only hope is to pick up what little schooling she can

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from little sister Lucia.

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I really like going to school so I can have a better life
in the future. If I don\'t go to school, I\'ll end up working

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in the tobacco fields on this farm.
The work makes you old too early.

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Today, our country only
needs educated people.

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[music]

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It\'s a common dilemma throughout Africa,

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in most rural areas there just aren\'t enough schools in walking distance and
with no state money for transport, it\'s hard for children to get the education

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they need and crave. In Uganda,
there\'s yet another handicap.

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AIDS here, as in Zimbabwe, has reached epidemic
proportions. It adds to the problems of families

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already struggling to educate their
children. Eight out of every

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ten children in Uganda have lost one or
both of their parents. Because of this,

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girls often face a further difficulty getting to
school. Their families want to marry them off early

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to get the income from their dowry. It\'s common practice,
especially with poor families devastated by AIDS.

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Once a girl was married, she
doesn\'t go to school anymore.

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Anyango attends school,

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but she hasn\'t always. A father died leaving Anyango\'s
mother and the rest of the family destitute.

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What happened was that the
children lost their father.

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He left us with nothing. The
children had no clothes

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– we had no bed clothes, and I
had no means of supporting them.

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I didn\'t have any way of
paying their tuition fees.

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So I thought her marriage might improve
things. Hopefully she could help

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her brothers and sisters.

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The dowry of a girl like
Anyango can be worth as much

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as 10 to 15 cows - more than the average
income in the region for a whole year.

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It proved too strong an
incentive for Anyango\'s mother.

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My situation was difficult. The man
I married didn\'t take care of me.

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I couldn\'t afford neither soap nor clothes.
Life was much simpler at home.

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Mother could borrow things

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from our neighbors. We shared everything.
Nobody lent me anything there.

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I didn\'t understand the language.
There were too many strangers.

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I couldn\'t understand a word
of their conversations.

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[non-English narration]

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But Anyango was lucky. She had a dedicated teacher,
Tabu, who noticed she was absent from class.

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I came to the mother and asked

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where Anyango is. Eventually
the mother told me,

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forget all about Anyango, because
Anyango went for marriage.

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I started complaining, \"Why
did you do such a thing

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without even consulting me? Don\'t you
know that education is the… is the best?\"

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\"But the problems I\'m facing here, you see.

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I\'m just a widow. My husband passed away.

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I have nothing to help the children.
So at least when this one goes,

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the husband will be sponsoring the home,

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all activities as the
husband over the home,

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will be manning the other
home and manning this home.\"

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It was the teacher, together with
the local authority, who brought me

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back from my husband\'s home. They took me
there to the teacher\'s house. I lived there

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for about one month. While I lived
there, I often talked with the teacher.

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He told me how important education was. The
teacher got hold of some books for me.

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I went back to school. He said I
had nothing to be ashamed of.

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At first I was afraid the
others would laugh at me.

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He told me nobody would.

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It wasn\'t easy to accept the teacher\'s
offer to educate her. We were still unable

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to pay for the things she\'d need at school.
Luckily for Anyango and her mother,

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Tabu works with the Cope program. It\'s a
community-based project providing flexible

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and affordable schooling for girls
who\'ve missed out on a formal education.

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The Ministry of Education
provides books and materials.

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For its part, the community sees
to the upkeep of the schoolhouse.

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The difference is that they take a
pupil who has… had failed to attend

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any form of school due to problems,

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and these are problems.

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Often those who are not
attaining education,

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because their parents don\'t
know the value of education,

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marriage breakouts, poor parents,
like that. And these pupils,

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those are the pupils who are never
going to any form of school,

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even they don\'t know how
a classroom looks like.

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Those are the pupils that we would enroll.

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If everything works out, I
hope to become a nurse.

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Then I could still earn money. Even if
I got married, I want to be a nurse.

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Health is one of our subjects. This
education will help me achieve my goal.

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[non-English narration]

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But while Anyango may now have a chance

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to realize her ambition, thousands of other
young girls are left with no prospects at all.

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There\'s a law against child marriage in
Uganda, but as in many African countries

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it\'s widely flouted and most young women don\'t know about it.
They also don\'t know that they have the right to education,

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enshrined in the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights 50 years ago

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and reinforced by the Convention
on the Rights of the Child.

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There\'s a law against child marriages.
Young women are unaware of this.

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They are tricked into marriage. They
should be provided an education.

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[non-English narration]

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In Benin, West Africa, fewer
than six out of ten girls

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go to school compared with nearly all boys.

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Dobe is 13. She\'s just one of thousands
of girls who will never attend school.

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Instead for the last eight years, she\'s
worked for her cousin selling food

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to passers-by and local schoolchildren.
She\'s one of an estimated 100,000 children

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known as vidomegon.

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Vidomegon is a term used to describe children who\'ve
been sent away from home to live with other families

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- a common practice across Africa.

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Almost all vidomegon are girls.

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[sil.]

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Traditionally girls in remote
rural areas became vidomegon

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so they could move to the
cities to get an education.

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But over time,

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they\'ve become just another
source of cheap domestic labor.

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[sil.]

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Today, the practice is one of the major reasons
why girls in Benin are denied an education.

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[sil.]

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As head of her household, Adjavon is
the equivalent of Dope\'s new father.

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She was small when she came, about five years
old. She came here now eight years ago.

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Dope lives with us. Her cousin is my wife.
So she lives with her cousin.

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She doesn\'t go to school because we can\'t
afford it. They serve food, but her cousin

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also sent her to the day center to learn things.
Here, at home, she\'s learning how to trade and cook.

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When she goes somewhere, she\'ll
able to cook and serve food.

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She will have a business. Even if she went
to school, she would do this business

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because it\'s what her cousin does.

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Here, I cook and wash dishes. But
I prefer cooking to washing.

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I\'ve never been to school. I
would like to go to school,

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but now I think it\'s too late.
I\'d like to go

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and learn something. I\'d like
to learn to be a tailor.

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A few streets away another girl,
Benoit, is on her way to school.

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Benoit and her older brother were abandoned by
their parents. They were taken in and given a home

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by Agnes and her husband.

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One morning we found Benoit and her brother in
our home. We asked them, \"Why are you here?\"

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And they said, \"Our dad left us here
and has gone for a day to Togo.

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When he comes back, he\'ll take us home. But he never
came back. So my husband and I kept the children.

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It was difficult for us to send them to
school as the father never came held it.

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My husband is out of work. I cook and serve
rice porridge. So with the money I make,

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we try and keep the children. But the money goes
quickly because there are too many children.

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[sil.]

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Agnes\'s determination to educate Benoit is
based on her own experiences as a vidomegon.

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I think girls should go to school

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to get education, to get knowledge.

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I never went to school
although I wanted to.

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I was vidomegon myself. When my
parents placed me with the new family

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it was with the condition that I
went to school, but I never did.

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[non-English narration]

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I want to explain what it was like when I was
vidomegon. I was with my aunt. She treated me well,

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but her husband was not good to me. He didn\'t
want me there. He gave me jobs I couldn\'t do.

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He made me work all hours and blamed
me for things that I didn\'t do.

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[non-English narration]

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It\'s good to be vidomegon if you
are placed with a well-educated

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and good person who will send you to school and teach
you things you wouldn\'t learn in your village.

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If you get a good education, you will
change. You won\'t be the same person

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you were when you left your village.

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I like going to school to get education.

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Children who don\'t go to school suffer.

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When I grow up, I\'ll send
my children to school.

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No, younger sisters don\'t go to school!

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It\'s not good! Because if you go to
school, tomorrow you\'ll become something.

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[non-English narration]

00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
I think it\'s the parents\' fault.
Instead of sending them to school,

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
they send them to the
market to sell things.

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:53.000
[sil.]

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
Dope is still at work at her market store.
However, there is hope on the horizon.

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
There\'s a new initiative - a
community center which organizes

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
a weekly afternoon session for vidomegon
who never had a chance to go to school.

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
As well as learning to read and write, the children are taught
practical skills to help increase their self-confidence.

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
[sil.]

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
They\'re also given lessons in basic hygiene. It\'s
a rare opportunity for little girls like Dope

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
to escape the drudgery
of their daily lives.

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:43.000
[sil.]

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
Here, in the center, I
learn to do housework.

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
Before they had to tell me what to do when I
was at home, but since I\'ve been coming here,

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
I\'ve learned how to do it on my own.

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
I hope other vidomegon will
come here to learn things.

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
At the center,

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
Dope dreams of becoming a tailor.
It\'s the highlight of the week

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:55.000
for these vidomegon children,
but it\'s not enough.

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
Because the economy and social
conditions are difficult today,

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
it\'s hard to take care of one\'s
own children let alone vidomegon.

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
If you don\'t have faith in
God, you\'ll never manage it.

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
It\'s not good

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
to have your children placed with other people,
because today things are so difficult,

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:30.000
I\'m not sure they\'ll be properly cared for.

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:18.000
[sil.]