WEBVTT

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Hello I\'m David Suzuki and
this is the nature of things.

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Tonight we go to the beach beaches
come and go with the waves.

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That is if we let them what happens when
we try to control this natural process.

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Should we try to prevent erosion

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okay

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Here where the waves meet the shore
the battle lines have been drawn.

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It\'s the ancient struggle between human
beings and the powerful forces of water.

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On the south shore of the devastation
is every bit as complete on

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Fire Island these houses and salty or
used to be 30 to 40 feet for more water.

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Now some are completely gone.

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The syrup is pounding at the
sticks that support others.

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Again and again we are reminded that what we
thought was permanent and immovable is not.

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This sea wall on the coast
of Virginia was built to

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prevent the beach from eroding and
protect the homes on the other side.

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But it doesn\'t seem to be doing much good.

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And some say it\'s even
having the opposite effect.

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Human beings have lived near
water since time immemorial.

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But the history of our
relationship whether it has been

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an uneasy one because we can\'t always

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predict the movement of water when
then Sam throughout the world

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shorelines are eroding.

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So night I look at that erosion.

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How much of it is part of a
natural process how much

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human-induced and what is the price
we pay for putting our finger in

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the dike shorelines sculpted

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by sudden storms or slowly by the
endless coming and going of waves.

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Erosion is the way nature
maintains beaches.

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Rather than Davidson Arnot
University of Guelph.

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And if we shut off that
erosion then this whole

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section of H2S standing on here
now and and all the cut edges on.

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It will disappear within
a matter of a few years

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But we do try to stop erosion with everything
from two tons sand bags. To cement.

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We apply our best
engineering know-how all to

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protect property or until
key Duke University.

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We\'re going to take the attitude that you
can have beaches or you can have buildings.

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Both you have to take a
choice and I think the public

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and the public gets more and more
educated they\'re going to come down on

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the side of Beecher. Not building.

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There\'s always been a mysterious
affinity between human beings

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and the C. We come here seeking relaxation.

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Excitement. And sometimes in

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the midst of this very public place we can

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even experience some
intimate moments with nature

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But for these creatures this isn\'t
a vacation spot. It\'s home.

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Shorelines are the edge of an interwoven
assembly of habitats. Sand dunes.

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Inshore ponds wet meadows marshes.

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Each supports a unique and
diverse community of wildlife

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Our love affair with beaches
has a long history.

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But it wasn\'t until after World War II.

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When a mosquito control program
was introduced to fight

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malaria that people really began
flocking to the North American shore.

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At first they came for holidays.

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And then they came to stay.

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As the number of people
who came to the shore

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increased developers
seized the opportunity.

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Today North American
beaches are crowded with

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apartments and hotels like
here at Virginia Beach.

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We want to be as close as
we come to the Walker.

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Often we\'re too close because what
shorelines do naturally is move.

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Lately with global warming sea levels are

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rising and erosions become a major
issue throughout the world.

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Prince Edward Island is losing
40 hectares a year to the

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C. In the 130s this lighthouse in
South Carolina was on land. Now

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Three hundred meters offshore.

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This hotel in Britain fell into the North
Sea a victim of an ever-changing shoreline.

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But when left alone erosion is the eternal
dance between waves wind and lamb.

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The beach absorbing the
shark as best it can

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Erosion is nature\'s way of transporting

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sand washing it away from one
place building it up in another.

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Nothing is lost.

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It just changes places until we interfered.

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Now this one this guy is not willing to let
loose too readily putting in new pilings

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and our longer aren\'t milky professor of

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geology at Duke University
has given shoreline erosion.

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A lot of thought. He\'s become a crusader to
save the world\'s beaches from development.

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Some people argue that much of our
erosion problem now on American beaches

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related to engineering
structures to growing

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the seawall to Jedis to channeled
dredging and think like that.

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And though I don\'t know what that
percentage is I\'m willing to concede that

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probably significant maybe 50% of our
erosion problems due to man do to us.

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Nowhere are the consequences of hardening

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shorelines more evident
than here in New Jersey.

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Once famous for its
lovely wide beaches until

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sea walls were built to protect
beach front property from erosion.

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Now 50% of the Jersey coast is armored
resulting in the loss of its Sandy Sure.

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Seawalls actually destroy beaches by
preventing waves from dissipating

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naturally waves pound against the walls

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and having nowhere to go
scour out the sand below.

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Borrowings are walls that extend
from land directly into the water.

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They\'re designed to trap sand and build
up beaches in front of people\'s property.

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Along the eastern North American
coast sand moves from north to

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south put up a groin and yo have sand but
you\'ll starve your neighbor to the south.

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So the structure is designed to
stabilize the shore have made

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matters worse and actually
accelerated the process of erosion.

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Like here at Sandburg\'s
Virginia orange milky says

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the seawall has resulted in the loss
of beach even at low tide hair.

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Why these houses owned
by 200 and families are

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destroying a truly precious
natural resource that should I

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mean these guys are solids significant
compared to the folks that are

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the thousands and thousands of focus
should be should be using the beach

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Along the eastern seaboard of the
United States lies a chain of

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barrier islands elongated bodies
of sand that thrive under erosion.

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This is Shackelford bank
home to wild horses.

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With no human habitation.

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It reveals how barrier
islands behave naturally.

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Barrier islands actually
move and change shape.

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Waves breaking over the protective dunes.

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Transport sand into the marshlands behind
new June\'s form new marshes are born.

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The island maintains its
character but migrates

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toward the mainland regardless
of highways and buildings

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What more fantastic process could
you ask within an island and

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capable of picking itself up and moving
back in response to a rising sea level.

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I mean EFSA any anything any other
part of nature even trees are dead

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right they can move I think this is an
amazing beautiful beautiful process.

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And as long as there are no
housed in a way no problem.

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I just wish we could leave the houses
off these places and enjoy this.

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Can you imagine if everybody

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understood about very early migration
could come down and only go swimming

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Look at those islands
from the standpoint of

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a almost a living thing on a longer
timescale than manned lifetime.

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This no it\'s not a bad thing.

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It\'s only a bad thing
when we get in the way.

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And we continually get in
the way of this natural

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give and take of the see
here on the outer banks of

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North Carolina a 1.5 kilometers section of

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highway has been sand bags to prevent
the dune from sweeping over the road.

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These houses weren\'t always on the
beach but because of violin migration

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whole rows of houses in front of them
have fallen into the sea or retreated.

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This house. It\'s been moved
back five times this century.

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Milky says the only sensible thing to do

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is retreat from the sea and
let nature take its course.

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He\'s represented substantial
investment on the part of the honors.

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How do you feel about that family sympathy
for them I feel very little family wafer.

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Then you have to be pretty unread
not to know about storms of

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shoreline erosion and to build a
house here and South mag said

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well such a historically
along historical record of

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very rapid erosion rates as madness
to build a national obese.

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But it\'s not just the
mistake of the unread.

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This is the latest engineering
solution to holding back the sea beach

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replenishment massive amounts of sand are
dredged nearby and pumped onto the beach.

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This project of the US
Army Corps of Engineers at

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folly beach South Carolina
will cover eight kilometres

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of beach using millions of cubic meters of
sand at a cost of more than $8 million US

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It will be repeated every eight
years for the next 50 years.

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All this to replace a beach
whose erosion problem is

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caused by navigational jetties built
just north of here by the corps of

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engineers at the entrance to

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Charleston Harbor

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more than

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a 100 beaches on the East Coast of the US

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have been replenished like this
in the last three decades.

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Many by the corps of
engineers replenishment

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Read nourishment as it\'s
sometimes called demands

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enormous equipment and huge sums of
money and it has other consequences.

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But there\'s another side to this of
course a very costly very temporary.

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And it often is the source or the reason

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that more dense development
will come onto an island.

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Single-family homes will be replaced by
multi-family homes are high-rises happened and

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Carolina beach North
Carolina Jacksonville Beach

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Florida Miami Beach Florida.
And so you end up

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Making a community more and more

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flexible as far as response to
the coming of sea level rise

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and review replenishment can can in Athens
do pretty serious damage to the system.

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Milky often finds himself at loggerheads
with the Army Corps of Engineers.

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The agency responsible not only for protecting
shorelines but for changing the course

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of rivers draining marsh land and other
projects which have come under heavy criticism.

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The current director of the Coastal
Engineering Research Center is Jim Houston.

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There are a lot of things
in this country that we\'ve

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done looking back at worn. A good idea

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Hadn\'t many environmental consequences and
we usually didn\'t realize at the time.

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And so you\'ve got a
balanced the two there\'s

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a balance between development
and keeping things undeveloped.

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And I think in this country around the
world people want some kind of balance.

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I don\'t think people want what Pinky\'s

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saying abandoned the coast where we\'re
going to move back to Toledo I don\'t know.

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At the waterways experiment
station in Vicksburg Mississippi.

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The Army Corps of Engineers tries to

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simulate the forces that occur
naturally at the shoreline

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Using sophisticated equipment
they attempt to understand and

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predict the interaction of these forces
with structures like walls and jetties.

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But bulky claims their record is poor.

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He says applying engineering solutions to

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natural processes is no way to
deal with a dynamic shoreline.

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It\'s remarkable though they\'ve had
a long history the Army Corps of

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Engineers and very sophisticated
machinery and equipment.

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How could they be such a bad record
well you can have all kinds of

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sophisticated equipment fact Baia for
example fantastic equipment for measuring

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The s4 off here but that doesn\'t do
you any good if you can\'t predict

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the the behavior of San and one of the
big problems with replanted peaches.

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Storms are the main thing that
are responsible for the loss of

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the fan and you know how can
we predict the occurrence of

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the next door so I maintained and I\'m and
I think many jobs does agree with me

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that that we will we will begin to be able
to predict the behavior replanted speeches.

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On the very day that we will
begin to be able to predict

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the long-term occurrence of stores which

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will ever occur very like not in
our lifetime not year lifetime.

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But beaches are big business

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Towns all along the shoreline
depend on the income they generate.

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Jim used I think tourism has an area of the
United States is an incredibly competitive.

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There\'s a good economic return.

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So in those cases it makes
sense to nourish beaches.

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You can name a lot of other cases
where it doesn\'t make sense.

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And so you\'ve got both.

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I don\'t think there\'s one solution
for almost anything you do in

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this country on the on the coastline.

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In some locations the best thing
is not to develop if you have

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development and its damage abandoned
the development as pinky says.

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At other locations it makes
sense to build a sea wall

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At Cape Hatteras North Carolina after

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decades of frustration they\'re
taking pill keys advice.

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They\'re planning to move the
country\'s tallest brick lighthouse

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away from the eroding shore.

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This postcard shows how much land
used to protect the lighthouse.

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Today most of it is eroded.

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So instead of resisting the inevitable
they\'re moving the Historic Site inland.

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The park ranger at Cape
Hatteras is Chris Eckhart.

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Well long-term we\'re dealing
with major erosion problems.

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Going back to the 130s and number of

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different procedures have been tried to
stabilize the coastline. We\'ve built some

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Grinds on that coastline we\'ve employs

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sand bags B-tree nourishment all these
different things but long-term.

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It\'s just simply not working.

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And the bottom line is they\'re
going to have to move

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the lighthouse to enable it to survive.

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You\'re really not suggesting that we
manage shorelines but that we manage

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human behavior to live with the
reality have nature course.

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That\'s a beautiful way to.

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That\'s a beautiful way to put the fact that

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there is no erosion problem
until we get involved.

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I mean no problem whatsoever.

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We have miles of shoreline down in this
direction with nobody near the near the beach.

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And it\'s going back at a pretty rapid
rate in some areas but nobody cares.

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Nobody\'s nobody\'s crying to the corps
of engineers only kind of a state.

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There is no erosion problem until you

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build something next to the
shoreline and measured by

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Look beyond any shoreline reveals how uneasy
the boundary between land and water is

00:20:16.370 --> 00:20:20.959
an intricate network of dunes
marshes and ponds has been

00:20:20.960 --> 00:20:26.670
created over thousands of years by
erosion and other natural forces.

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A rich and diverse community of
wildlife depends on these wetlands.

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But throughout the world pressure from

00:20:45.380 --> 00:20:51.150
the human community is endangering
these fragile wilderness habitats.

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There\'s a place for everyone here.

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If we give them a chance the
entire system of wetlands is

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protected by a succession
of sand dunes built over

00:21:08.030 --> 00:21:12.409
time by wind and waves
especially during storms.

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As each dune grows higher and

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new ridge forums in front of it
which will in turn become a dune.

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These shifting sands form a
foothold for sand binding

00:21:23.390 --> 00:21:28.234
plants that allow the dunes to grow
and keep them from blowing away.

00:21:28.235 --> 00:21:34.109
With each successive ridge plants
adapted to less harsh conditions appear

00:21:34.110 --> 00:21:38.004
University of wealth
geographer Robin Davidson RNA.

00:21:38.005 --> 00:21:41.229
So it\'s important that any of
these beaches that we maintain

00:21:41.230 --> 00:21:45.069
the vegetation that
allows us June\'s to grow.

00:21:45.070 --> 00:21:48.699
One of the things that we\'re
trying to do I guess in in

00:21:48.700 --> 00:21:53.919
coastal management is to try to keep the
human activity particularly the buildings

00:21:53.920 --> 00:21:57.759
far enough back from those fragile genes to

00:21:57.760 --> 00:22:03.290
preserve them and to keep that buffer and
that protective doing wall in place.

00:22:03.570 --> 00:22:08.889
Parallel to the northern shore
of Lake Erie lies long point.

00:22:08.890 --> 00:22:14.514
This 35 kilometers sands spit has grown
and shrunk over thousands of years.

00:22:14.515 --> 00:22:16.694
Changing shape constants

00:22:16.695 --> 00:22:22.639
Evolving dense flocks of birds are

00:22:22.640 --> 00:22:25.429
a common sight in spring and fall because

00:22:25.430 --> 00:22:29.134
long point lies on the path
of the Eastern fly away.

00:22:29.135 --> 00:22:32.974
It\'s a traditional stopover
spot for migrating birds.

00:22:32.975 --> 00:22:39.619
It\'s also our critical staging area for a
huge number of waterfowl a place to rest and

00:22:39.620 --> 00:22:47.539
feed some take-up temporary residents

00:22:47.540 --> 00:22:50.629
like this golden swamp
warbler who\'s come all the

00:22:50.630 --> 00:22:54.930
way from South America to
nest and raise it Jiang.

00:23:05.460 --> 00:23:12.459
Erosion from these cliffs to the west is what
nourishes long point as waves a road one

00:23:12.460 --> 00:23:15.429
side of the spit the
currents of Lake Erie carry

00:23:15.430 --> 00:23:18.834
sediment from the cliffs to
build up the other side.

00:23:18.835 --> 00:23:21.879
It\'s called dynamic equilibrium.

00:23:21.880 --> 00:23:25.959
If this activity where to stop
long point would cease to

00:23:25.960 --> 00:23:32.960
exist but long point like other wetlands
is feeling the pressures of development.

00:23:34.920 --> 00:23:38.799
Petco Was lamb lies between the cliffs and

00:23:38.800 --> 00:23:42.764
the spirit wants to build
a marina on his property

00:23:42.765 --> 00:23:47.644
And this area it\'s a farming community
and jobs are very hard to get.

00:23:47.645 --> 00:23:50.044
And that\'s maybe not just this area but

00:23:50.045 --> 00:23:53.449
a farmer community of suffering
and this area suffering.

00:23:53.450 --> 00:23:56.884
We don\'t have an industry down here tourism
or is our main industry down here.

00:23:56.885 --> 00:23:59.149
And we want to create jobs and we want to

00:23:59.150 --> 00:24:02.044
create something for the
people to do down here.

00:24:02.045 --> 00:24:06.259
Building a marina would likely
involve putting jetties into

00:24:06.260 --> 00:24:10.699
the lake that could disrupt long
points vital supply of sand.

00:24:10.700 --> 00:24:14.269
And with a marina here
could condominiums be far

00:24:14.270 --> 00:24:20.629
behind this as biologists like Richard napkin
worried about the fate of the marshes.

00:24:20.630 --> 00:24:24.769
Look around here and there seems
to be an awful lot of marsh land

00:24:24.770 --> 00:24:28.309
Simply isn\'t a lot of
marsh land on a on a on

00:24:28.310 --> 00:24:33.619
a grand scale and the creatures which
depend upon the marshes are vulnerable.

00:24:33.620 --> 00:24:39.960
It\'s political it\'s pitifully small
and it\'s getting smaller. Each year.

00:24:40.450 --> 00:24:43.444
It\'s like a nickel and dime approach.

00:24:43.445 --> 00:24:47.839
This little piece is taken
there and that piece is taken

00:24:47.840 --> 00:24:54.030
over here and cumulatively
they have a major impact

00:25:04.180 --> 00:25:09.049
New Jersey is beaches were
once rich with wildlife.

00:25:09.050 --> 00:25:14.029
But hardening the shorelines with seawalls
and grains has led to the destruction of

00:25:14.030 --> 00:25:19.830
its beaches which in turn has resulted
in the loss of other habitats.

00:25:23.920 --> 00:25:26.524
This is Barna get Bei.

00:25:26.525 --> 00:25:30.514
Like long point it lies in the
path of the Eastern fly way.

00:25:30.515 --> 00:25:34.894
And like long point it faces
increasing human intrusion.

00:25:34.895 --> 00:25:40.339
For centuries it\'s now endangered beaches
and barrier islands have offered food

00:25:40.340 --> 00:25:45.874
and shelter to countless nesting birds
like this well camouflaged piping clever

00:25:45.875 --> 00:25:49.230
Today an endangered species.

00:25:50.440 --> 00:25:55.009
Biologist Joanna Berger
of Rutgers University has

00:25:55.010 --> 00:25:59.284
watched the changes at Barney get
Bay since the early 19 seventies.

00:25:59.285 --> 00:26:03.049
We\'ve decreased the available
salt marshes by 80%.

00:26:03.050 --> 00:26:06.439
We decrease the amount
of beach by 70 or 80%.

00:26:06.440 --> 00:26:08.119
There isn\'t the habitat left.

00:26:08.120 --> 00:26:11.104
We have already changed
the habitats so much

00:26:11.105 --> 00:26:14.599
that we can no longer say that we\'re
going to leave the birds to their own.

00:26:14.600 --> 00:26:16.879
We have to recognize that if
the birds are going to be

00:26:16.880 --> 00:26:19.699
there we have to protect
areas for them to be there.

00:26:19.700 --> 00:26:22.699
It is going to take a decision
on our part that they are

00:26:22.700 --> 00:26:25.159
important elements of the
beach and that they\'re

00:26:25.160 --> 00:26:28.129
important experiences for people
who want to come to the beach

00:26:28.130 --> 00:26:32.389
Beach that silent without the claws of birds
is not going to be a beach that people

00:26:32.390 --> 00:26:39.094
enjoy to some it\'s an insignificant
looking patch of sand to a bird.

00:26:39.095 --> 00:26:41.329
It\'s an ideal nesting spot.

00:26:41.330 --> 00:26:43.099
It\'s flat and open.

00:26:43.100 --> 00:26:46.489
So you can see a predator
approaching from far away.

00:26:46.490 --> 00:26:50.389
The slightest elevation in the
dune provides protection from

00:26:50.390 --> 00:26:54.784
flood tides and beach grasses
offers shade for the young.

00:26:54.785 --> 00:26:58.069
But on many beaches in New
Jersey they come out with

00:26:58.070 --> 00:27:02.134
large bulldozers and the whole
logic just to clean the beach to

00:27:02.135 --> 00:27:05.299
Get rid of the elevations because the
people who come on the beach like they have

00:27:05.300 --> 00:27:08.584
a nice smooth beach to play
ball on or whatever or lie on.

00:27:08.585 --> 00:27:10.609
And they don\'t like to see
the few little shells.

00:27:10.610 --> 00:27:12.334
They think the shells mess up the beach.

00:27:12.335 --> 00:27:15.379
So in many beaches they have
bulldozers to come out every day

00:27:15.380 --> 00:27:18.439
and sweep the beach to
clean it and to change

00:27:18.440 --> 00:27:20.209
the elevation those beaches are

00:27:20.210 --> 00:27:22.429
sterile in terms of the birds
that live there because they

00:27:22.430 --> 00:27:28.099
remove those little differences in habitat
that the birds need for protection.

00:27:28.100 --> 00:27:33.364
The shallow waters of inlets provide
rich feeding grounds for birds.

00:27:33.365 --> 00:27:36.769
They\'re sensitive various
the very places where

00:27:36.770 --> 00:27:40.920
the interests of birds and
people often conflict.

00:27:44.500 --> 00:27:49.369
Very few animals or birds in
particular live here all year long.

00:27:49.370 --> 00:27:52.039
They\'re here for only part of
the year and then they moved to

00:27:52.040 --> 00:27:55.264
another habitat and they use
large areas of the coast.

00:27:55.265 --> 00:27:58.039
And what happens when each
community thinks only about

00:27:58.040 --> 00:28:01.789
their little community is that no one
is thinking about the whole sure.

00:28:01.790 --> 00:28:06.574
No one is looking at it from Mon talk
to Kate May or for Montauk to Florida.

00:28:06.575 --> 00:28:08.494
No one is asking the question.

00:28:08.495 --> 00:28:11.629
Is there enough habitat left if I
develop this beach where\'s there

00:28:11.630 --> 00:28:17.854
another beach although re nourishment

00:28:17.855 --> 00:28:21.289
isn\'t as destructive as
building grinds and seawalls

00:28:21.290 --> 00:28:28.470
There is still great concern about how it
affects wild habitat on a near those beaches.

00:28:30.460 --> 00:28:34.999
Off many replenish beaches
of southern Florida lies

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:41.400
a biological community as complex and
diverse as a tropical rain forest.

00:28:43.600 --> 00:28:48.829
Coral reefs are not only
alive themselves but create

00:28:48.830 --> 00:28:53.809
habitat for millions of other creatures
that exist nowhere else on Earth.

00:28:53.810 --> 00:28:59.719
Sand drifting from replenishment projects
can literally buried the reef alive.

00:28:59.720 --> 00:29:03.420
Also killing the animals that depend on it.

00:29:05.770 --> 00:29:10.729
For tens of thousands of years
loggerheads turtles have made

00:29:10.730 --> 00:29:15.109
their remarkable journey across
the seas to Florida chars.

00:29:15.110 --> 00:29:17.884
Once they came in great numbers.

00:29:17.885 --> 00:29:22.759
Today this prehistoric creature
is threatened with extinction.

00:29:22.760 --> 00:29:25.909
No one knows how the female finds her way

00:29:25.910 --> 00:29:29.850
back to the Florida beaches
where she was hatched.

00:29:30.430 --> 00:29:34.219
But about 30 years later when she\'s reached

00:29:34.220 --> 00:29:39.870
maturity she\'s drawn back to the
Florida sands to dig her nest.

00:29:41.200 --> 00:29:45.090
It\'s nighttime on Jupiter Island.

00:29:45.700 --> 00:29:52.530
This a 110 kilogram turtle has
waited for darkness to come ashore.

00:29:53.980 --> 00:29:57.919
Any distraction or change
in the natural beach

00:29:57.920 --> 00:30:02.130
Habitat could prevent her
from laying her eggs.

00:30:03.490 --> 00:30:08.449
Laying large clutches is the
survival strategy here.

00:30:08.450 --> 00:30:15.660
In the 60 centimeter Nest she has just
dug she\'ll deposit about a 110 eggs.

00:30:18.310 --> 00:30:22.680
Each contraction yields a cluster

00:30:32.950 --> 00:30:38.179
After she\'s finished the female
covers the nest and camouflage

00:30:38.180 --> 00:30:42.619
is it leaving the eggs to
incubate in the warm sand but

00:30:42.620 --> 00:30:46.669
the sam must be just right to dance and

00:30:46.670 --> 00:30:49.249
the hatchlings won\'t emerge or the mother

00:30:49.250 --> 00:30:52.980
will have troubled digging
the nest in the first place.

00:30:55.930 --> 00:31:01.504
Even a change in the color of the sand
alters the temperature of the Nast.

00:31:01.505 --> 00:31:07.500
It can affect the sex ratio or even
the survival rate of the hatchlings.

00:31:09.550 --> 00:31:15.150
Once her work is done she
let nature take its course.

00:31:18.580 --> 00:31:22.744
But today the Florida beaches armored

00:31:22.745 --> 00:31:28.024
crowded and replenished are often
inhospitable places for turtles.

00:31:28.025 --> 00:31:30.120
Looking to next.

00:31:32.380 --> 00:31:34.849
Barber Schroder is with

00:31:34.850 --> 00:31:39.259
the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection and request a Florida.

00:31:39.260 --> 00:31:44.719
She\'s come to examine the tracks of a turtle
that tried to nest the previous night.

00:31:44.720 --> 00:31:49.020
They unfortunately tell a familiar story.

00:31:50.080 --> 00:31:52.669
While the turtle came out of the water

00:31:52.670 --> 00:31:55.459
And crawled up the beach in this direction.

00:31:55.460 --> 00:31:59.884
When she got up to here instead
of encountering a natural dune

00:31:59.885 --> 00:32:04.564
or natural dune vegetation she
actually hit this vertical seawall.

00:32:04.565 --> 00:32:08.059
And she turned and crawled along
it looking for a place to

00:32:08.060 --> 00:32:12.229
nest but was unable to do that
with the extension of the wall.

00:32:12.230 --> 00:32:15.889
And then she just turned out
without nesting and came

00:32:15.890 --> 00:32:21.060
back along her outbound track here and
returned to the water without nesting.

00:32:24.970 --> 00:32:29.614
Even though it\'s common knowledge
that sea turtles are threatened.

00:32:29.615 --> 00:32:32.460
Development continues

00:32:36.480 --> 00:32:42.590
On those very beaches the animals
desperately need for nesting.

00:32:45.120 --> 00:32:49.149
The situation has become so serious that

00:32:49.150 --> 00:32:54.830
even some biologists reluctantly accept
the need for a B-tree nourishment.

00:32:56.010 --> 00:33:03.230
Karen GOARN doll is Head of the Centre for
sea turtle research in Gainesville Florida.

00:33:04.560 --> 00:33:07.779
Of course the best option for turtles would

00:33:07.780 --> 00:33:10.344
be if we had never developed
a coastline at all.

00:33:10.345 --> 00:33:13.749
If we hadn\'t built condominiums there
if we hadn\'t built highways there

00:33:13.750 --> 00:33:17.473
if we were allowing the barrier
islands to maintain their natural

00:33:17.474 --> 00:33:21.634
Ebb and flow of the coastline that
would be what was best for turtles.

00:33:21.635 --> 00:33:24.529
The reality in Florida is
that we have now built

00:33:24.530 --> 00:33:28.009
condominiums and highways
behind those beaches.

00:33:28.010 --> 00:33:30.769
And so that\'s the only
reason why in order to

00:33:30.770 --> 00:33:34.564
maintain sea turtle nesting
beaches we require nourishment.

00:33:34.565 --> 00:33:40.789
I mean it\'s a perplexing question and for the
property owner obviously wants to protect

00:33:40.790 --> 00:33:44.149
their property for the people
that want to use the beach they

00:33:44.150 --> 00:33:47.674
would like to see a beach there for the
animals that need to use the beach.

00:33:47.675 --> 00:33:49.434
They have to see a beach there.

00:33:49.435 --> 00:33:51.499
They don\'t have another alternative.

00:33:51.500 --> 00:33:53.839
They can\'t adapt to sea walls.

00:33:53.840 --> 00:33:56.734
They can\'t adapt to sand
that they can\'t dig in.

00:33:56.735 --> 00:33:59.944
Hatchlings can\'t adapt to sand

00:33:59.945 --> 00:34:02.989
They can\'t develop properly
and those kinds of

00:34:02.990 --> 00:34:08.190
things are simply not possible
for the animals to adapt to.

00:34:10.330 --> 00:34:14.719
If all goes well two months
after the eggs have been

00:34:14.720 --> 00:34:20.160
laid the hatchlings emerge on
mass under cover of night.

00:34:22.690 --> 00:34:27.079
In a frenzy of activity they
tried to make their way

00:34:27.080 --> 00:34:31.560
to the brightest most open horizon.
The ocean

00:34:41.470 --> 00:34:46.699
This is only the beginning of a
journey fraught with many dangers.

00:34:46.700 --> 00:34:49.290
And few will survive.

00:34:52.780 --> 00:34:56.599
Who knows what sort of beach
these hatchlings will

00:34:56.600 --> 00:35:01.470
find when they returned to
nest 30 years from now.

00:35:11.680 --> 00:35:15.739
At Annapolis Royal on the Bay of Fundy lice

00:35:15.740 --> 00:35:23.740
Canada\'s oldest national historic site
for it m built hundreds of years ago.

00:35:24.095 --> 00:35:28.050
Today it\'s in danger of
slipping into the sea.

00:35:31.930 --> 00:35:38.014
Until recently there was a salt marsh on
this tidal flat in front of the form.

00:35:38.015 --> 00:35:44.119
It was this marsh that protected the footings
of foreign Dan with its disappearance.

00:35:44.120 --> 00:35:48.690
The fourth foundation is
eroding at an alarming rate.

00:35:55.780 --> 00:36:00.769
The construction in 1960 of
this causeway upriver from

00:36:00.770 --> 00:36:06.409
the chord is widely believed to be responsible
for the major part of the erosion problem

00:36:06.410 --> 00:36:10.504
Because it changed the ocean
currents that flow into the area.

00:36:10.505 --> 00:36:17.010
Biologist Graham de born of Acadia
university is looking for a solution.

00:36:17.410 --> 00:36:25.054
Rather than building simply a seawall of some
kind that would just stop the wave action.

00:36:25.055 --> 00:36:28.069
I think the most desirable
solution would be to try and

00:36:28.070 --> 00:36:31.639
recreate the salt marsh itself
because it\'s a natural barrier

00:36:31.640 --> 00:36:34.039
that will grow and recede as

00:36:34.040 --> 00:36:38.299
the sea level changes and so on
concrete barriers don\'t do that.

00:36:38.300 --> 00:36:41.089
And sea level is rising
here on a continuing basis.

00:36:41.090 --> 00:36:44.790
So the future is going to be
different from what it is now

00:36:45.070 --> 00:36:48.859
The plan is to stop the flow
of sediment in front of

00:36:48.860 --> 00:36:52.834
the fort long enough for the
march to reseed itself.

00:36:52.835 --> 00:36:54.979
To do that they\'ve erected

00:36:54.980 --> 00:37:00.049
a temporary barrier when the tide
comes in meters in the water measured

00:37:00.050 --> 00:37:03.709
the direction and velocity of the
current to determine whether

00:37:03.710 --> 00:37:08.359
a permanent barrier would allow
a salt marsh to begin to form.

00:37:08.360 --> 00:37:13.830
A process that could take
many lifetimes to complete.

00:37:15.100 --> 00:37:21.124
So I\'m not inclined in general so
flavour engineering solutions.

00:37:21.125 --> 00:37:25.174
But in this case we have a highly valuable.

00:37:25.175 --> 00:37:27.004
In fact a unique site

00:37:27.005 --> 00:37:31.564
Which if we don\'t do something to protect
it very quickly we\'re going to lose.

00:37:31.565 --> 00:37:34.849
And so we have this fundamental conflict.

00:37:34.850 --> 00:37:37.429
If you like between what one would like to

00:37:37.430 --> 00:37:40.834
say that we have to live
with the ocean as it is.

00:37:40.835 --> 00:37:43.879
But if we allow the ocean
to continue working it\'s

00:37:43.880 --> 00:37:47.880
going to remove something that
we also value very highly.

00:37:53.530 --> 00:37:57.139
Studying the natural
physical processes that

00:37:57.140 --> 00:38:01.069
operated the shore is what
Coastal Science is all about.

00:38:01.070 --> 00:38:05.059
However there are so many
variables that we still don\'t

00:38:05.060 --> 00:38:09.109
understand the basic question
of how wind and water

00:38:09.110 --> 00:38:14.359
And here an international group
of scientists is researching how

00:38:14.360 --> 00:38:19.834
dunes build up on a beach and what better
place than long point on Lake Erie.

00:38:19.835 --> 00:38:23.914
The largest and most dynamic
freshwater spit in the world.

00:38:23.915 --> 00:38:28.080
Robin Davidson RNA University of Guelph.

00:38:28.510 --> 00:38:32.059
And so what we\'re doing
is one part of a sort

00:38:32.060 --> 00:38:35.074
of broader collection of
studies that need to be done.

00:38:35.075 --> 00:38:40.729
If we\'re going to understand the sort of
natural physical processes that build a page.

00:38:40.730 --> 00:38:45.799
And then ultimately we can take that
knowledge and apply it to the management of

00:38:45.800 --> 00:38:48.079
the beach and more particularly
to the management of

00:38:48.080 --> 00:38:51.814
people\'s activities to make sure that we

00:38:51.815 --> 00:38:55.489
remove them from possible
dangers from that but also

00:38:55.490 --> 00:38:58.729
that we act in a sort of
environmentally responsible way and

00:38:58.730 --> 00:39:06.214
preserve those portions of the beach that
are necessary to protect the areas behind.

00:39:06.215 --> 00:39:09.469
You don\'t have to be a
scientist to know that

00:39:09.470 --> 00:39:12.409
these cottages at long
point our standing in

00:39:12.410 --> 00:39:15.739
the worst possible place
right in the middle of

00:39:15.740 --> 00:39:20.119
the dune the barrier that could
protect them in a storm.

00:39:20.120 --> 00:39:22.189
So it shouldn\'t come as a surprise.

00:39:22.190 --> 00:39:26.359
If they end up like Jake and Livy\'s
place which was destroyed along with

00:39:26.360 --> 00:39:31.114
several other cottages in
the storm of December 1985.

00:39:31.115 --> 00:39:33.589
While trying to protect themselves

00:39:33.590 --> 00:39:36.229
Managers have made the
same mistakes here at

00:39:36.230 --> 00:39:41.310
Long point is on the coast of
New Jersey and North Carolina.

00:39:44.080 --> 00:39:50.719
As you start putting up structures
seawalls putting in rubble and concrete

00:39:50.720 --> 00:39:57.559
and a whole range of other shore protection
measures it stuffs the shoreline for moving.

00:39:57.560 --> 00:40:01.144
The water gets deeper and
deeper close to shore.

00:40:01.145 --> 00:40:04.174
And then in a storm you\'ve no longer got

00:40:04.175 --> 00:40:08.554
a nice gently sloping beach which
absorbs or a lag wave energy.

00:40:08.555 --> 00:40:12.499
And then the wave energy reaches
right to the shoreline.

00:40:12.500 --> 00:40:15.078
It goes over this shore
protection structures

00:40:15.079 --> 00:40:19.879
And in the December second stub
it actually lifted many of

00:40:19.880 --> 00:40:22.489
the cottages right off their
foundations and carry them right

00:40:22.490 --> 00:40:26.314
across the origin into the marsh behind.

00:40:26.315 --> 00:40:30.679
So the lesson we learned from this is
that this is not the right place of

00:40:30.680 --> 00:40:38.680
L. At

00:40:39.680 --> 00:40:41.119
North Carolina

00:40:41.120 --> 00:40:44.599
the Army Corps of Engineers
is monitoring the movement of

00:40:44.600 --> 00:40:49.174
sand and water on the part of
the beach that no one sees.

00:40:49.175 --> 00:40:53.749
Hey Brian and looks like here about
ten feet south come on North.

00:40:53.750 --> 00:40:57.469
Lovin. This buggy

00:40:57.470 --> 00:41:00.919
The crab can go into ten meters of water.

00:41:00.920 --> 00:41:05.434
It\'s used to measure and predict how
storms affect the shape of the sea floor

00:41:05.435 --> 00:41:11.089
over time Bill Burke Meyer is director
of the field research facility.

00:41:11.090 --> 00:41:17.239
We now can paints a picture of how
active the near shore is where

00:41:17.240 --> 00:41:19.879
the sand moves where it comes from

00:41:19.880 --> 00:41:24.094
and under what conditions it
moves off shore or along shore.

00:41:24.095 --> 00:41:28.429
When we have a big storm
the beaches eroded.

00:41:28.430 --> 00:41:30.649
And we know that a lot of
that saying we don\'t have

00:41:30.650 --> 00:41:32.794
to respond with that same quantity of sand

00:41:32.795 --> 00:41:35.044
because a lot of that sand will come back

00:41:35.045 --> 00:41:38.044
takes a while but it will come back
particularly in the summertime.

00:41:38.045 --> 00:41:39.649
And we know also that

00:41:39.650 --> 00:41:43.144
Sam when it comes off the beach
during the storm doesn\'t go that far.

00:41:43.145 --> 00:41:46.099
A lot of it stays in very shallow depths.

00:41:46.100 --> 00:41:49.309
But we\'ll science ever be able to answer

00:41:49.310 --> 00:41:54.334
the major questions about the
behavior of beaches are in filthy.

00:41:54.335 --> 00:41:57.094
But in reality I think
not within my lifetime.

00:41:57.095 --> 00:42:00.199
Will we ever will we answer
these question maybe

00:42:00.200 --> 00:42:04.729
a nobody lifetime because there are too many
unknowns and too many uncertainties and

00:42:04.730 --> 00:42:07.279
too much random variation of storm

00:42:07.280 --> 00:42:13.609
energy seasonal differences in
decade differences and and so forth.

00:42:13.610 --> 00:42:16.909
But in spite of all
warnings in the winter of

00:42:16.910 --> 00:42:21.814
1993 the corps of engineers
was replenishing folly beach

00:42:21.815 --> 00:42:24.784
and folly. It turned out to be.

00:42:24.785 --> 00:42:28.909
I have a friend who says in
a in a way that a lot of

00:42:28.910 --> 00:42:33.619
people like to look into situations that nature
nature always bath last at the shoreline.

00:42:33.620 --> 00:42:37.279
And that\'s really true
with no question about it.

00:42:37.280 --> 00:42:45.280
And we gotta remember that ended in March
1993 nature through one of its curve balls.

00:42:45.965 --> 00:42:51.199
While the corps of engineers was still
only halfway through its project the storm

00:42:51.200 --> 00:42:57.420
of the century hit folly beak South
Carolina with hurricane force winds

00:43:09.000 --> 00:43:12.669
Two hundred people lost their lives along

00:43:12.670 --> 00:43:17.000
the path of the storm as it
traveled up the East Coast or

00:43:35.160 --> 00:43:40.340
the next day the local
marina told the tale.

00:43:42.300 --> 00:43:47.624
And this is what remained of
yesterday\'s replenished beach.

00:43:47.625 --> 00:43:54.390
The court said the last sand was in the surf
zone doing its job protecting property.

00:43:57.580 --> 00:44:01.860
Local residents were not so sure.

00:44:02.710 --> 00:44:07.969
Yesterday or the day before
yesterday we had beautiful beach.

00:44:07.970 --> 00:44:09.859
And then we have the storm yesterday.

00:44:09.860 --> 00:44:12.619
And now most of it is gone again.

00:44:12.620 --> 00:44:15.769
And I have lived at other beaches

00:44:15.770 --> 00:44:19.099
where I\'ve seen really nourishment
done and other things tried and

00:44:19.100 --> 00:44:25.864
nothing has kept the ocean will take the beach
when the ocean wants to take the beach.

00:44:25.865 --> 00:44:29.100
Not you know it\'s nice
to live on the water.

00:44:29.910 --> 00:44:33.639
I don\'t think it\'s crazy. I just
wouldn\'t make long-term plans.

00:44:33.640 --> 00:44:36.230
I think if I lived on
this stretch of beach.

00:44:45.720 --> 00:44:51.279
But I think we are capable of
stopping erosion along our Charlotte

00:44:51.280 --> 00:44:56.334
and great economic cars and at
even greater environmental cost.

00:44:56.335 --> 00:45:02.030
And why do we want to stop it and you know
we\'ve got lots of land back in line only.

00:45:12.340 --> 00:45:14.730
Okay