WEBVTT

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- I\'m Melissa Troutman.

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I am a journalist and
the executive director

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of Public Herald.

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We are a nonprofit
investigative news organization

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and we have pretty
exclusively investigated

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fracking\'s impacts on water
in Pennsylvania since 2010.

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For eight years, DEP has
knowingly suppressed,

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withheld, and covered up

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hundreds of water contamination
cases in Pennsylvania --

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cases that specific officials at DEP

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have knowingly kept hidden.

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(soft orchestral music)

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In Pennsylvania, water dominates the land.

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86,000 miles of rivers
divide the landscape,

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shaping life in every direction.

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It controls the way we
travel, the way we live,

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our designs, and the
type of energy we use --

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carrying us on its back
and keeping us on the go.

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But how often do we take time

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to think about where all
this water comes from,

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or how long it will
flow safely to our glass

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to begin the day?

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- It was 2007,

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and my water well was fine.

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I mean, I didn\'t have any problem with it.

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I was cooking, drinking,

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bathing with it and everything else.

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Well then, after they drilled,

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I thought my water was kind of...

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didn\'t taste like it did before

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and animals would not drink it.

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And it was funny-looking.

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Ray, my passed husband,
worked in the oil field.

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I knew with what they did
in Texas to everybody.

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And I never thought it would
happen in Pennsylvania.

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(orchestral waltz music)

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- One day, a man comes to your door

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with a contract, promising
to make you money.

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This man is a landman.

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His job is to lease your
land for natural gas.

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He tells you that a company wants to drill

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a mile under your property
into the Marcellus Shale,

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using a safe process called
hydraulic fracturing.

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You ask him to give you some
time and leave his information.

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Not knowing what hydraulic
fracturing or Marcellus Shale is,

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you look it up.

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(old-time music)

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- Fracking begins with a lease to drill.

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Then, land is cleared for a well pad

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where the extraction and
production will take place.

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This site is assembled with a drill rig,

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containment ponds, tanks,
and other equipment.

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Now the drilling begins,

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straight down into the
ground for a mile or more.

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Steel casing is used to
create multiple layers

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of protection for the groundwater aquifer

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and cement grouting is
squeezed between the casing

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in what\'s called the annulus,

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keeping contaminants from
migrating up or down the well.

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Once the shale layer is reached,

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the drill bit is turned
and driven horizontally

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along the Marcellus for
another mile or more.

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Next, a perforating gun
is sent down the well

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to shoot holes through the steel casing,

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cement grout in the shale itself.

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Fracking involves blasting
millions of gallons

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of water, sand, gel, and other chemicals

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into the well at very high pressure.

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This fractures and props open the rocks

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so the trapped gas can flow into the well

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and up to the surface,
where it\'s later flared

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to measure productivity
and release pressure.

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Then units are brought in to
clean and separate the gas.

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Unwanted waste collected with the gas

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is stored and trucked away.

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Then the well is hooked up to a pipeline

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and pumped by a compressor
station to the market.

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- You decide to call the landman.

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You tell him you want to
sign, but need more time.

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He says, \"Well, we\'re already in the area

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and your neighbors have already signed.

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If you don\'t sign now,

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we can run a well from
your neighbor\'s property

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and take your gas anyway.

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So the way I see it, you may
as well sign and get paid.\"

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He tells you to sleep on it.

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The next day, the landman
is at your door again --

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with the contract.

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You sign for cash and
royalties on your resource.

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Soon after, another
man comes to your door,

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this time to test your
water for a pre-drill test.

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He tells you it\'s only procedural

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and there\'s nothing to worry about.

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A month later, you wake to
the sound of heavy machinery.

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Outside, rubbing your
eyes, there\'s a new road

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leading to a cleared part of your forest,

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with trucks carrying huge equipment.

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In the mail is a check from
the gas company for the lease,

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and you go to work fantasizing

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about the things you
can do with your money.

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The first week of the
well, you can\'t sleep.

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The hum, the lights, the
trucks never seem to end.

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You didn\'t realize it
would all involve so much.

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The landman made it sound so much simpler.

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Even though the lights
from the drilling rig

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are on all night, your kids
think it\'s kinda cool --

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like a skyscraper.

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The phone rings and it\'s Judy.

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She doesn\'t know what\'s happened,

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but her water has gone bad.

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\"Gone bad?\"

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She tells you they\'re bringing her water.

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She asks if your water is okay.

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\"It\'s fine.\"

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She says, \"Well, we\'re not the only ones.

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Go see what the news is saying.\"

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- We don\'t think that our actions

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impacted their water.

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We don\'t think our actions
are causing the concerns

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that they\'re claiming are there.

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- He has benzene in his blood, toluene.

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- They just have headaches.

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Then the next thing, you might
have ringing in your ears.

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- For two years after the blast,

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Cooper and more than 20 of her neighbors

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in Bainbridge, Ohio,
were not able to drink

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or cook with water from their faucet.

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- In fact, dozens of
Garfield County residents

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have complained of headaches,
nausea, and nosebleeds

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they believe were caused by gas wells.

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- What\'s the lifespan of
the casings and the...

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I mean, they don\'t last forever.

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- To have a regulatory body that,

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they either deny what\'s
happened or they ignore you.

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- Results from a test in August

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conducted by Fairway
Laboratory shows high levels

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of sodium, strontium,
barium, and fuel diesel.

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- The drilling rig is gone

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and you\'ve had a few weeks of good rest.

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But by the next month,
the trucks are back.

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For weeks, nothing but
bright-colored tanks and trucks.

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They tell you it\'s to haul
the six million gallons

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of water they need to
fracture the first well.

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\"The first well?\"

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They tell you there will
be a total of six wells,

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all from the same well
pad, so no need to worry.

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It\'s hard to sleep again and
you start to get headaches,

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but your house is now paid off,

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leaving you with all the opportunities

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you thought were years away.

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So you think, \"Those trucks aren\'t so bad.

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I\'m almost getting used to them.\"

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Then things change.

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Your water turns brown.

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You call the gas company
and leave a message.

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You call Judy.

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She tells you to call

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the Department of
Environmental Protection.

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\"They\'re the ones in charge,\" she says.

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You call, but it\'s Sunday,
so no one is there.

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The next day, they return your phone call

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to schedule a time to
come test your water well.

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They tell you to stop drinking
the water as a precaution.

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The gas company comes with jugs of water.

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They tell you a blowout has happened

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and they have to evacuate
you from the home.

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You go to your phone.

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The message light is blinking.

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- You have one message.

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- The report that there have been

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several reported contamination
of drinking water wells

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and surface aquifers by frack fluids

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in Pennsylvania is just not true.

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And methane migration,
let me remind everybody,

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methane migration has been a creature

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in Pennsylvania for generations.

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Any drilling, if it\'s not done right,

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can cause contamination or
can cause methane migration.

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That\'s why in Pennsylvania
we have our well casing

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and cementing regulations
that we put into place

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because we knew what our geology was like

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and we knew what was necessary.

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- In Pennsylvania,

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80% of drinking water comes
from forested watersheds.

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This invaluable resource
cannot protect itself,

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and instead must be
preserved by those who use it

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and those appointed to enforce the law.

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- My advice would be trust the states.

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The states in which this is happening

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know exactly what they\'re doing.

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They\'ve been at it for generations
and we\'re on top of it.

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- We know an awful lotta things.

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We know how to do things.

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But if you can\'t enforce the
law, the law isn\'t any good.

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(light piano music)

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- On a remote hilltop farm

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in north-central Pennsylvania,

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rain falls and flows
to three separate sides

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of the North American continent.

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These vast drainage basins are created

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where two continental
divides come together

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to form a single peak.

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This is the Triple Divide,

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one of four triple continental
divides in North America.

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It\'s a phenomenon that forms headwaters

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for three major East Coast river systems,

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giving birth to the
Allegheny and Genesee Rivers.

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The Allegheny River begins its
journey on the hilltop farm

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and crosses the New York border

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before finding its way to
the Ohio River in Pittsburgh,

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where it then travels half the country

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before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico.

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The Genesee River flows directly north,

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into the St. Lawrence River
Basin at Lake Ontario.

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Triple Divide headwaters
also travel southeast

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into the west branch of
the Susquehanna River,

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where it flows to its end
at the Chesapeake Bay.

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For the Triple Divide,
everything is downstream.

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- What they\'re doing with the gas

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and the infrastructure back in the forest,

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that\'s what breaks my heart
as much as anything --

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that it\'s gonna be a hundred years

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before those areas are primitive again.

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- Every state is required to maintain

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or preserve the quality of its waters

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under the Federal Clean Water Act

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by enforcing laws that protect waterways

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based on their designated use --

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such as potable water source,

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trout fishery, or recreation site.

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In Pennsylvania, the most
protected of all waters

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are classified as Exceptional
Value or High Quality

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by the Department of
Environmental Protection.

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Exceptional Value water bodies

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are pristine hydrologic landscapes

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of wetlands, streams, and watersheds,

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adopting strict requirements
to remain classified as such.

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(water trickling)

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Triple Divide headwaters in
Potter County, Pennsylvania,

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are home to the most Exceptional Value

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and High Quality streams in the state.

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- Potter County\'s unique
in that we are probably 90%

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either Exceptional or High Quality water.

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We\'re the headwaters of
the three major rivers,

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and therefore we\'re not
only providing recreation

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and so-on in clean water,

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but we\'re also providing drinking water

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for tons and tons of people

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that don\'t live in Potter County.

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- However, DEP permits for fracking

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and shale violations
are beginning to pile up

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within these most sensitive watersheds.

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The first well drilled in
Triple Divide headwaters

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was in the Susquehannock State Forest,

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along the High Quality
East Fork Sinnemahoning.

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The violations for this
site on file at DEP

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include drilling fluid spills,

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accelerated erosion,

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and tears in the pond
liners holding waste.

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DEP approved an application
for the drilling company,

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Pennsylvania General Energy,

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to bury its waste pit onsite
without special conditions.

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However, PGE was later written
up during an inspection

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for digging the waste pit

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below the seasonal high water table.

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- The seasonal high water table

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is the closest groundwater
ever gets to the surface.

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If waste comes into contact
with this water table

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and becomes saturated, contaminants
may leach into the water

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and be carried to nearby
aquifers or streams --

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such as the East Fork Sinnemahoning.

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- We in Pennsylvania have
a comprehensive program

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to regulate what is not a
new activity in Pennsylvania;

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that\'s oil and gas exploration
and hydraulic fracturing.

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We\'ve been doing it for about 60 years.

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- Drill cuttings are the same.

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They\'re also being managed
in compliance with DEP\'s regs

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through their disposal
at permitted landfills.

00:14:18.542 --> 00:14:21.083
- The DEP did not require PGE

00:14:21.083 --> 00:14:24.417
to remove the buried waste
pit along the East Fork.

00:14:25.626 --> 00:14:29.792
- DEP, as our Department of
Environmental Protection,

00:14:29.792 --> 00:14:33.959
has done a lousy job as an agency

00:14:35.125 --> 00:14:38.000
to protect the individual.

00:14:44.876 --> 00:14:49.042
- Ever since all this has
started, I\'ve had worsening health

00:14:49.083 --> 00:14:50.542
and I\'m wondering if some of this

00:14:50.542 --> 00:14:54.167
is coming from this water crap.

00:14:56.501 --> 00:14:58.083
I called Guardian and I told \'em

00:14:58.083 --> 00:15:00.375
there was something wrong with my water.

00:15:00.375 --> 00:15:04.417
And then I think that\'s
when Judy Bear did my test.

00:15:05.375 --> 00:15:08.167
(light piano music)

00:15:15.334 --> 00:15:17.876
- From what I understand, in Judy\'s case,

00:15:17.876 --> 00:15:20.709
they only tested a few parameters.

00:15:21.792 --> 00:15:23.584
That\'s part of the problem.

00:15:23.584 --> 00:15:27.542
- I have dealt with this
kinda stuff in Texas.

00:15:27.542 --> 00:15:31.709
I told them I wanted my water
tested before they drilled

00:15:32.167 --> 00:15:33.667
and while they were drilling.

00:15:33.667 --> 00:15:35.876
That was one of my stipulations.

00:15:37.167 --> 00:15:41.209
- Judy ends up having
problems with her water,

00:15:41.209 --> 00:15:45.042
problems with her skin, not feeling well.

00:15:46.167 --> 00:15:50.292
So, they hired Coudersport
Well Drilling to come out

00:15:50.542 --> 00:15:53.876
and they told me which
tests they wanted tested.

00:15:53.876 --> 00:15:56.501
- She called me at the
office and she said,

00:15:56.501 --> 00:15:58.501
\"Judy, we\'ve got a big problem,\"

00:15:58.501 --> 00:16:01.250
and she was reading off
what was in my well.

00:16:01.250 --> 00:16:03.959
- So, she actually has five times

00:16:03.959 --> 00:16:07.792
the maximum amount of
arsenic in her water now

00:16:09.709 --> 00:16:13.834
than is the maximum recommended
by our EPA, actually.

00:16:15.584 --> 00:16:17.542
Her methane level came back

00:16:18.000 --> 00:16:22.125
at 1,200 parts per billion,

00:16:22.125 --> 00:16:26.292
but we have no reason to
believe that she had it before.

00:16:27.209 --> 00:16:31.334
She now has a radon level of --

00:16:31.751 --> 00:16:34.667
and this is picocuries per liter --

00:16:35.501 --> 00:16:39.334
her result was 889.4.

00:16:39.918 --> 00:16:43.959
And the main concern with radon is more so

00:16:43.959 --> 00:16:46.959
because when you aerate it in a shower,

00:16:46.959 --> 00:16:51.125
it releases the radon into the
air and you breathe that in.

00:16:52.209 --> 00:16:55.250
And radon is a known carcinogen.

00:16:57.751 --> 00:17:00.292
- Not all water affected
from natural gas drilling

00:17:00.292 --> 00:17:01.751
lights on fire.

00:17:01.751 --> 00:17:04.334
Other contaminants are also colorless,

00:17:04.334 --> 00:17:06.334
odorless, and tasteless.

00:17:07.250 --> 00:17:09.834
Radon is second only to smoking

00:17:09.834 --> 00:17:14.000
for lung cancer death
rates in the United States.

00:17:14.000 --> 00:17:17.334
Judy\'s water tested 225 times higher

00:17:17.334 --> 00:17:21.083
than the EPA\'s recommended
air quality level.

00:17:24.042 --> 00:17:26.959
- They brought me water for...

00:17:28.375 --> 00:17:30.375
over a year or more,

00:17:30.375 --> 00:17:33.918
maybe even longer, after
the well was done --

00:17:35.125 --> 00:17:38.042
before they got me hooked
up to the municipal water.

00:17:38.042 --> 00:17:39.125
\'Cause I told \'em, I said,

00:17:39.125 --> 00:17:41.959
look, my doctor said not to bathe

00:17:43.542 --> 00:17:46.459
or shower with this water,

00:17:46.459 --> 00:17:50.626
that it can go through my
pores, not to brush my teeth.

00:17:51.042 --> 00:17:53.751
And I said, what am I supposed to do?

00:17:53.751 --> 00:17:57.167
And I guess that\'s when they
decided they\'d hook me up.

00:17:57.876 --> 00:18:01.083
- The law protects the
private water well owner.

00:18:01.083 --> 00:18:04.209
Within 1,000 feet, there
is a rebuttable presumption

00:18:04.209 --> 00:18:08.375
that the companies, no questions
asked, replace that water.

00:18:14.292 --> 00:18:18.334
- \"The gas well operator is
presumed to be responsible

00:18:18.334 --> 00:18:21.918
for pollution of any drinking water supply

00:18:21.918 --> 00:18:25.709
within 1,000 feet of the gas well, if\" --

00:18:26.459 --> 00:18:30.626
and that\'s the big \"if\" --
\"it occurs within six months

00:18:30.959 --> 00:18:34.334
after completion of the gas well.\"

00:18:34.334 --> 00:18:37.417
Well, I know our legislators
aren\'t very aware

00:18:37.417 --> 00:18:41.000
of water and the slow movement of water,

00:18:41.000 --> 00:18:43.042
because in six months

00:18:43.042 --> 00:18:46.292
it may only move two feet,

00:18:46.792 --> 00:18:48.542
maybe 50 feet --

00:18:48.542 --> 00:18:51.542
all depends on the precipitation,

00:18:51.542 --> 00:18:53.834
the type of formation it\'s in,

00:18:53.834 --> 00:18:56.334
but water is very slow-moving.

00:18:59.542 --> 00:19:02.209
(water running)

00:19:09.792 --> 00:19:10.959
- What he told me,

00:19:10.959 --> 00:19:15.083
they were doing it as
a good neighborly deed.

00:19:16.667 --> 00:19:17.918
Yeah. Smoothie.

00:19:19.250 --> 00:19:20.375
Bullcrap.

00:19:20.375 --> 00:19:23.584
You know you screwed
my well up. (laughing)

00:19:23.584 --> 00:19:26.042
- So, according to DEP,

00:19:26.042 --> 00:19:28.834
the gas company didn\'t affect your water.

00:19:28.834 --> 00:19:31.083
- According to DEP, right.

00:19:31.083 --> 00:19:35.250
I just feel they all just...
one lies for the other.

00:19:35.918 --> 00:19:37.459
There\'s paybacks.

00:19:38.042 --> 00:19:41.375
I had contacted them about
paying the water bill

00:19:41.375 --> 00:19:45.542
and they said no, it would
cost \'em too much money.

00:19:46.417 --> 00:19:47.334
- How much did it cost you?

00:19:47.334 --> 00:19:49.751
- It runs around $20 a month.

00:19:51.959 --> 00:19:55.000
But being retired, on a fixed income,

00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:59.167
that\'s $20 that I could
use for other things.

00:19:59.584 --> 00:20:01.542
- Public Herald requested the files

00:20:01.542 --> 00:20:04.626
for the Guardian well drilled 450 feet

00:20:04.626 --> 00:20:08.459
from Judy\'s water well
on a neighbor\'s property.

00:20:08.459 --> 00:20:11.292
Found in the files was
a request application

00:20:11.292 --> 00:20:15.459
from Guardian to DEP to bury
their drilling waste on-site.

00:20:17.083 --> 00:20:19.542
DEP rejected the request,

00:20:19.542 --> 00:20:23.209
saying it was too close
to the water supply.

00:20:24.584 --> 00:20:27.334
Guardian buried the waste anyway.

00:20:53.083 --> 00:20:56.751
(typewriter keys clicking)

00:21:09.042 --> 00:21:11.209
According to DEP records,

00:21:11.209 --> 00:21:15.042
no legal enforcement or
fine was issued to Guardian

00:21:15.042 --> 00:21:18.250
for potentially impacting
Judy\'s water supply

00:21:18.250 --> 00:21:22.417
by burying the waste on-site
despite the denied application.

00:21:24.083 --> 00:21:28.000
DEP never told Judy about
the buried waste pit.

00:21:29.918 --> 00:21:32.375
The DEP files for Guardian\'s well

00:21:32.375 --> 00:21:36.501
did not include any mention
of Judy\'s complaint,

00:21:36.542 --> 00:21:39.709
her water tests, or any correspondence

00:21:39.709 --> 00:21:43.876
regarding the potential
impact to her water supply.

00:21:45.083 --> 00:21:48.667
(typewriter keys clicking)

00:22:18.167 --> 00:22:20.209
- You look at the political situation

00:22:20.209 --> 00:22:24.209
and you look at the laws and
you look at the experience.

00:22:24.209 --> 00:22:25.250
We\'ve never experienced

00:22:25.250 --> 00:22:27.918
anything like this in Pennsylvania, ever.

00:22:27.918 --> 00:22:32.083
But DEP\'s inspectors had to
learn proper casing techniques,

00:22:32.375 --> 00:22:35.250
they had to learn what was going on,

00:22:35.250 --> 00:22:39.125
and my job was to go
out and enforce the law.

00:22:39.125 --> 00:22:40.417
People didn\'t have permits,

00:22:40.417 --> 00:22:44.167
we\'d get an injunction against
them and shut \'em down.

00:22:44.167 --> 00:22:46.250
Ultimately what we\'re gonna have to do

00:22:46.250 --> 00:22:48.584
is we\'re gonna have to go in

00:22:48.584 --> 00:22:50.876
and we\'re gonna have to sue the company,

00:22:50.876 --> 00:22:52.042
and we\'re gonna have to get them

00:22:52.042 --> 00:22:54.626
to do what DEP\'s failing to do.

00:22:58.792 --> 00:23:01.125
- Some violations near Triple Divide

00:23:01.125 --> 00:23:02.959
are merely administrative,

00:23:02.959 --> 00:23:05.292
such as failing to have
the proper paperwork

00:23:05.292 --> 00:23:07.792
or identification onsite.

00:23:07.792 --> 00:23:10.918
However, some violations
labeled administrative

00:23:10.918 --> 00:23:14.626
are actually threats to human
health and the environment,

00:23:14.626 --> 00:23:17.792
such as illegal burying of waste pits.

00:23:27.250 --> 00:23:30.417
In 2011, Public Herald investigated

00:23:30.417 --> 00:23:34.250
how the DEP handles a worst-case scenario.

00:23:34.250 --> 00:23:37.834
(typewriter keys clicking)

00:23:39.667 --> 00:23:43.792
On April 19, 2011,
Chesapeake Energy experienced

00:23:43.792 --> 00:23:45.626
a blowout during fracking

00:23:45.626 --> 00:23:49.501
at one of their Marcellus
wells in Bradford County.

00:23:49.501 --> 00:23:52.792
ProPublica, a leader in
investigative journalism,

00:23:52.792 --> 00:23:56.250
reported that over 10,000
gallons of toxic flowback

00:23:56.250 --> 00:23:59.375
was discharged into the
surrounding landscape --

00:23:59.375 --> 00:24:02.626
including a tributary of Towanda Creek.

00:24:03.501 --> 00:24:07.459
Less than a month later,
DEP fined Chesapeake Energy

00:24:07.459 --> 00:24:10.918
for a previous contamination -- $900,000,

00:24:12.000 --> 00:24:15.584
part of the largest fine ever
issued by the department,

00:24:15.584 --> 00:24:18.751
for methane migration into
the drinking water wells

00:24:18.751 --> 00:24:22.000
of 16 families in the same county.

00:24:22.000 --> 00:24:25.292
In coordination with the
DEP, Chesapeake hired

00:24:25.292 --> 00:24:29.459
Science Applications International
Corporation, or SAIC,

00:24:30.334 --> 00:24:32.834
to study the extent of
the blowout\'s effect

00:24:32.834 --> 00:24:37.000
on surface water, groundwater,
and aquatic resources.

00:24:37.209 --> 00:24:39.709
The SAIC report provided tests

00:24:39.709 --> 00:24:42.083
from seven residential water wells,

00:24:42.083 --> 00:24:46.250
and included the pre-drill
tests for those same wells.

00:24:46.876 --> 00:24:49.083
- Pre-drill water tests create background

00:24:49.083 --> 00:24:53.209
or baseline data, a signature
of what\'s in drinking water

00:24:53.375 --> 00:24:57.167
before drilling which is used
to determine if a water supply

00:24:57.167 --> 00:25:00.918
has been impacted from
shale gas extraction.

00:25:00.918 --> 00:25:04.125
- If people get pre-drilling samples,

00:25:04.125 --> 00:25:06.167
which are really important --

00:25:06.167 --> 00:25:08.876
maybe the most important
things anybody can do --

00:25:08.876 --> 00:25:11.375
and then you have a postdrill test,

00:25:11.375 --> 00:25:13.501
you can see the change in the water.

00:25:13.501 --> 00:25:15.250
- Pre-drill data that\'s being collected

00:25:15.250 --> 00:25:17.959
and delivered to homes
right now by the industry

00:25:17.959 --> 00:25:20.584
is gonna take us into a much better place

00:25:20.584 --> 00:25:22.250
than where we\'ve been historically.

00:25:22.250 --> 00:25:23.751
- At the time of the blowout,

00:25:23.751 --> 00:25:26.292
Pennsylvania oil and gas regulations

00:25:26.292 --> 00:25:28.834
provided drilling companies with five ways

00:25:28.834 --> 00:25:32.876
to disprove they caused
nearby water contamination,

00:25:32.876 --> 00:25:35.751
one of which is through pre-drill testing.

00:25:35.751 --> 00:25:38.542
- I believe that the pretest,

00:25:38.542 --> 00:25:42.042
at the time it is taken, is a snapshot.

00:25:42.042 --> 00:25:45.209
Our water quality very seldom changes,

00:25:46.250 --> 00:25:49.626
so that result should
be acknowledged as...

00:25:50.834 --> 00:25:53.042
it\'s like a body X-ray.

00:25:53.042 --> 00:25:56.542
This is what your body looked
at at this point in time.

00:25:56.542 --> 00:25:59.584
You\'re gonna get older,
things are gonna shift,

00:25:59.584 --> 00:26:02.542
but the basics will remain the same

00:26:02.542 --> 00:26:05.834
unless we have some sort of unforeseen

00:26:05.834 --> 00:26:09.501
or outside activity or
event that causes it.

00:26:10.417 --> 00:26:12.334
- In October 2011,

00:26:12.334 --> 00:26:15.292
after six months of assessing the area,

00:26:15.292 --> 00:26:19.459
SAIC sent DEP their
conclusions about the blowout,

00:26:19.959 --> 00:26:23.459
stating that damages to the
environment were very minimal

00:26:23.459 --> 00:26:26.292
and that no remediation was required --

00:26:26.292 --> 00:26:30.334
despite the fact that one
water well, named RW04,

00:26:31.501 --> 00:26:33.876
1,200 feet from the blowout,

00:26:33.876 --> 00:26:36.250
showed a tenfold increase in methane,

00:26:36.250 --> 00:26:39.083
sodium, and other contaminants.

00:26:39.083 --> 00:26:42.209
- Even if you don\'t
understand water quality

00:26:42.209 --> 00:26:45.459
and geology and things like that,

00:26:45.459 --> 00:26:47.959
where do you get barium, you know?

00:26:47.959 --> 00:26:50.626
Where do you get strontium?

00:26:50.626 --> 00:26:53.417
Where do you get these things in a well?

00:26:53.417 --> 00:26:55.250
Oh, they\'re naturally occurring somewhere,

00:26:55.250 --> 00:26:57.167
but it\'s not in the surface water

00:26:57.167 --> 00:27:00.250
and shallow groundwater in Pennsylvania.

00:27:00.250 --> 00:27:02.667
They\'re decaying elements.

00:27:02.667 --> 00:27:04.542
- Regarding this well\'s
significant change

00:27:04.542 --> 00:27:07.250
in water quality after the blowout,

00:27:07.250 --> 00:27:10.918
Chesapeake concluded that
their own pre-drill water test

00:27:10.918 --> 00:27:14.501
did not reveal the
well\'s true water quality

00:27:14.501 --> 00:27:15.834
and that the water quality

00:27:15.834 --> 00:27:19.167
was always this way before the drilling.

00:27:19.167 --> 00:27:21.626
Chesapeake backed this conclusion in part

00:27:21.626 --> 00:27:24.125
by citing the water well owner\'s opinion

00:27:24.125 --> 00:27:27.125
that his water always tasted salty.

00:27:27.125 --> 00:27:30.375
- The baseline sample was not indicative

00:27:30.375 --> 00:27:34.542
of the typical water quality
in that particular well.

00:27:34.834 --> 00:27:38.626
- It was very clear to
us that the water quality

00:27:38.626 --> 00:27:42.334
and public statements by the homeowner,

00:27:42.334 --> 00:27:43.834
kind of a one-time snapshot

00:27:43.834 --> 00:27:46.000
doesn\'t tell the story of this well.

00:27:46.000 --> 00:27:47.626
- Only after the blowout

00:27:47.626 --> 00:27:51.751
was the owner\'s opinion cited
as historical information

00:27:51.751 --> 00:27:54.042
in SAIC\'s report to DEP.

00:27:55.209 --> 00:27:56.042
- Somebody could come in

00:27:56.042 --> 00:27:59.000
and say they had bad-tasting water.

00:27:59.000 --> 00:28:00.292
That\'s not gonna be worth much

00:28:00.292 --> 00:28:04.459
if the pre-drilling samples
show the water was okay.

00:28:04.542 --> 00:28:07.417
- Even though it claimed
it was not responsible

00:28:07.417 --> 00:28:11.042
for the increase in
contaminants in this water well,

00:28:11.042 --> 00:28:13.751
Chesapeake installed a $25,000

00:28:14.417 --> 00:28:17.501
reverse osmosis water treatment system

00:28:17.501 --> 00:28:20.250
and sealed a fracture in the water well.

00:28:20.250 --> 00:28:22.292
In an interview with Public Herald,

00:28:22.292 --> 00:28:25.751
Chesapeake officials stated
that the cost was incurred

00:28:25.751 --> 00:28:28.918
to be a good neighbor
to the water well owner.

00:28:28.918 --> 00:28:31.667
- It was just something
that we offered to do

00:28:31.667 --> 00:28:34.334
and agreed to take care of.

00:28:34.334 --> 00:28:36.792
It was part of being a good neighbor.

00:28:36.792 --> 00:28:38.000
- We contacted the owner

00:28:38.000 --> 00:28:40.626
and found he is a strong
advocate for drilling,

00:28:40.626 --> 00:28:42.959
and refused to take any further questions

00:28:42.959 --> 00:28:45.542
about the condition of his water well.

00:28:45.542 --> 00:28:48.375
Another report about the
blowout was published

00:28:48.375 --> 00:28:52.542
by a branch for the Center for
Disease Control called ATSDR,

00:28:53.417 --> 00:28:57.584
which concluded that the
change in RW04\'s water quality

00:28:57.876 --> 00:29:00.792
was related to natural gas activity

00:29:00.792 --> 00:29:03.667
without blaming the blowout.

00:29:03.667 --> 00:29:07.375
This conclusion was made by
comparing the pre-drill test

00:29:07.375 --> 00:29:10.000
with the post-blowout tests,

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:12.501
which is how changes in water quality

00:29:12.501 --> 00:29:14.125
have historically been proven

00:29:14.125 --> 00:29:16.834
in litigation and by the State.

00:29:16.834 --> 00:29:20.375
- I wanna be clear that
we spent over $4 million

00:29:20.375 --> 00:29:24.125
in sampling and assessing
the site out there.

00:29:24.125 --> 00:29:25.959
We certainly didn\'t spend that kinda money

00:29:25.959 --> 00:29:28.334
and do the kind of sampling
we did because we thought

00:29:28.334 --> 00:29:31.542
that the incident
warranted it, by any means.

00:29:31.542 --> 00:29:35.083
Instead, it was because of
the national media attention

00:29:35.083 --> 00:29:38.209
that this particular incident received.

00:29:38.209 --> 00:29:40.209
- Even though it admitted

00:29:40.209 --> 00:29:43.375
to an uncontrolled discharge
of around 10,000 gallons

00:29:43.375 --> 00:29:46.876
of toxic fluids into a nearby stream,

00:29:46.876 --> 00:29:49.000
Chesapeake refused to agree

00:29:49.000 --> 00:29:52.167
that it had violated
the Clean Streams Law.

00:29:52.167 --> 00:29:54.459
On February 2nd, 2012,

00:29:54.459 --> 00:29:58.417
DEP fined Chesapeake
$250,000 for the blowout

00:29:59.083 --> 00:30:01.417
and entered into a consent
order and agreement

00:30:01.417 --> 00:30:03.417
to avoid litigation.

00:30:03.417 --> 00:30:07.542
DEP never addressed the \"failed
pre-drill test\" scenario

00:30:07.542 --> 00:30:10.959
and allowed Chesapeake\'s
historical information claim

00:30:10.959 --> 00:30:14.792
to remain uncontested,
according to DEP files.

00:30:15.918 --> 00:30:19.501
(typewriter keys clicking)

00:31:10.250 --> 00:31:11.876
- And it seems all too easy.

00:31:11.876 --> 00:31:13.459
The gas company says,

00:31:13.459 --> 00:31:17.083
\"This isn\'t valid. This
isn\'t representative.\"

00:31:17.083 --> 00:31:18.501
DEP says, \"Okay.\"

00:31:20.167 --> 00:31:23.959
But the homeowner is the one
who cannot sell their home,

00:31:23.959 --> 00:31:26.417
cannot drink their water, wash in it.

00:31:26.417 --> 00:31:28.459
What are they supposed to do?

00:31:28.459 --> 00:31:31.417
Who is protecting the
residents of this state

00:31:31.417 --> 00:31:34.834
if our own state is not willing to do it?

00:31:45.459 --> 00:31:47.709
- One year after the Bradford blowout,

00:31:47.709 --> 00:31:49.459
we visited the Pepper Dairy Farm

00:31:49.459 --> 00:31:52.042
to confirm stories about a streambed

00:31:52.042 --> 00:31:53.876
that had become unstable

00:31:53.876 --> 00:31:56.459
after pressure from a Chesapeake operation

00:31:56.459 --> 00:31:59.959
spewed gas and some sort
of cement-like substance.

00:31:59.959 --> 00:32:02.042
- The neighbor boy went to
get some water outta the crick

00:32:02.042 --> 00:32:03.918
to water some trees and it was real murky,

00:32:03.918 --> 00:32:05.834
and he walked up the brook
there a-ways just seein\'

00:32:05.834 --> 00:32:08.876
it was bubbling up outta
the ground along there.

00:32:08.876 --> 00:32:09.959
And it looked...it\'s just kind of

00:32:09.959 --> 00:32:12.751
a gray pasty stuff throwed around.

00:32:12.751 --> 00:32:14.042
Oh, it blew it back quite a-ways.

00:32:14.042 --> 00:32:17.918
I didn\'t realize, but
I guess SAIC was there

00:32:17.918 --> 00:32:19.542
and they had blue flags stuck around

00:32:19.542 --> 00:32:21.834
when I went to feed the heifers that day.

00:32:21.834 --> 00:32:23.417
And the gas company, Chesapeake,

00:32:23.417 --> 00:32:25.918
had called about fencing off the area

00:32:25.918 --> 00:32:28.125
\'cause the area\'s real spongy,

00:32:28.125 --> 00:32:29.417
so the cattle don\'t get in it

00:32:29.417 --> 00:32:31.918
and get tangled up or get fast in it.

00:32:31.918 --> 00:32:33.834
When I walked up in there that evening

00:32:33.834 --> 00:32:35.959
when SAIC was there testing the water,

00:32:35.959 --> 00:32:38.584
I just asked \'em if there
was any harmful things

00:32:38.584 --> 00:32:41.375
in the water with this stuff coming up.

00:32:42.584 --> 00:32:44.542
That\'s the only water
source the cattle have,

00:32:44.542 --> 00:32:46.667
and if I needed to move \'em

00:32:46.667 --> 00:32:49.709
to let me know -- we\'d
get \'em outta there.

00:32:49.709 --> 00:32:52.459
But they said, well, no,
they didn\'t think so,

00:32:52.459 --> 00:32:53.626
but it was up to me.

00:32:53.626 --> 00:32:55.626
And I said, (laughing)
oh no, it\'s up to me,

00:32:55.626 --> 00:32:56.542
I\'m gonna leave \'em here

00:32:56.542 --> 00:32:58.834
because it ain\'t handy to move \'em.

00:32:58.834 --> 00:33:01.292
But they said, no, they
didn\'t think it would be.

00:33:01.292 --> 00:33:02.959
But they wouldn\'t commit themselves

00:33:02.959 --> 00:33:04.083
one way or another either.

00:33:04.083 --> 00:33:05.375
And then when I talked to Chesapeake,

00:33:05.375 --> 00:33:06.667
it was about the same thing.

00:33:06.667 --> 00:33:09.459
But he pretty well assured
me, the guy from Chesapeake,

00:33:09.459 --> 00:33:13.417
that nothing in it that
would harm \'em that way.

00:33:18.375 --> 00:33:22.250
- The true costs of
development are externalized.

00:33:22.250 --> 00:33:26.417
They\'re \"negative externalities\"
in the speak of economists.

00:33:35.501 --> 00:33:38.792
Water and natural gas
are intricately related.

00:33:39.167 --> 00:33:43.334
I see the water/natural gas
problem as growing globally.

00:33:44.584 --> 00:33:47.792
I think that the cost of
water is going to go up,

00:33:47.792 --> 00:33:50.501
and where are we gonna get
these millions and millions

00:33:50.501 --> 00:33:54.667
and millions of gallons to
develop these natural gas wells?

00:33:56.501 --> 00:34:00.667
- The fracking is done so
deep -- it\'s 5,000 feet.

00:34:00.834 --> 00:34:05.000
And we truthfully don\'t know
what\'s going on down there.

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:06.792
I mean, we understand the principles,

00:34:06.792 --> 00:34:09.209
we understand how they do it.

00:34:10.125 --> 00:34:13.292
We don\'t necessarily
understand the net effect.

00:34:13.292 --> 00:34:16.542
- In general, when people inject fluids

00:34:18.250 --> 00:34:21.000
under high pressures in the subsurface,

00:34:21.000 --> 00:34:23.751
interesting and strange things happen.

00:34:29.667 --> 00:34:32.334
I think a lot of time people picture rocks

00:34:32.334 --> 00:34:36.501
as being solid and continuous
when in fact, most rocks --

00:34:36.918 --> 00:34:40.542
until you get to great depth,
miles, more than a mile --

00:34:40.542 --> 00:34:43.334
most rocks are just filled with fractures,

00:34:43.334 --> 00:34:44.918
crosscutting fractures.

00:34:44.918 --> 00:34:46.250
There\'s horizontal fractures

00:34:46.250 --> 00:34:48.542
that come from the bedding layers,

00:34:48.542 --> 00:34:51.459
and then there\'s diagonal
fractures that go from the depth

00:34:51.459 --> 00:34:54.626
up to the surface, that are everywhere.

00:34:57.125 --> 00:35:00.417
- This is a really complicated
drilling process now,

00:35:00.417 --> 00:35:02.417
not like it used to be.

00:35:03.083 --> 00:35:07.250
It is bigger than anything
we ever even conceived of.

00:35:09.250 --> 00:35:11.167
- The only thing keeping contaminants

00:35:11.167 --> 00:35:15.292
from migrating up a Marcellus
well is cement grout.

00:35:15.292 --> 00:35:17.876
- The Nebraska Grout Study was conducted

00:35:17.876 --> 00:35:22.000
because the state of
Nebraska wanted to determine

00:35:22.751 --> 00:35:26.375
their own set of
standards for their state.

00:35:26.375 --> 00:35:28.501
And basically what they got

00:35:28.501 --> 00:35:30.918
was the surprise of this country,

00:35:30.918 --> 00:35:32.542
which says that there is no grout

00:35:32.542 --> 00:35:36.709
that will stay adhered to the well casing.

00:35:36.709 --> 00:35:38.626
It isn\'t doing the job.

00:35:39.834 --> 00:35:43.083
- The quality of the grouting
job is always suspect.

00:35:43.083 --> 00:35:44.626
There are many, many stories

00:35:44.626 --> 00:35:47.667
about people injecting
grout underneath buildings

00:35:47.667 --> 00:35:49.918
to jack up a slab, for instance,

00:35:49.918 --> 00:35:52.542
and have the grout show up a mile away.

00:35:53.626 --> 00:35:54.834
- When grouting fails,

00:35:54.834 --> 00:35:57.209
companies squeeze more
cement into the hole

00:35:57.209 --> 00:35:58.834
to try to fix it.

00:35:58.834 --> 00:36:01.584
In Bradford County,
Chesapeake Energy had to do

00:36:01.584 --> 00:36:05.751
23 cement squeezes in an
approximately 28-mile area

00:36:06.584 --> 00:36:09.626
where major migration
problems had occurred.

00:36:09.626 --> 00:36:12.334
These problems tend to occur in clusters,

00:36:12.334 --> 00:36:15.459
resulting in groundwater
contamination complaints

00:36:15.459 --> 00:36:18.042
like the one by Carol French.

00:36:18.042 --> 00:36:20.000
- It started in \'08.

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.083
They did, about 600 feet
from our home, a test well.

00:36:24.083 --> 00:36:26.501
It was the Haas test well.

00:36:26.501 --> 00:36:29.375
There is over nine well pads

00:36:29.375 --> 00:36:31.834
surrounding my home
within a two-mile radius.

00:36:31.834 --> 00:36:34.667
Within a mile radius,
there\'s probably about five.

00:36:34.667 --> 00:36:35.918
We\'ve had more than enough water

00:36:35.918 --> 00:36:40.083
and we had a lotta good water.
Never had an issue, ever.

00:36:42.250 --> 00:36:44.375
Our water turned white,
which looks like this,

00:36:44.375 --> 00:36:45.792
you tip it upside down.

00:36:45.792 --> 00:36:49.042
In the last eight days here, this month,

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:52.083
it has changed five times now.

00:36:52.083 --> 00:36:55.334
October, they were drilling
on the Lattimer well,

00:36:55.334 --> 00:36:59.501
which was a mile-and-a-half
away, and my water was white,

00:36:59.834 --> 00:37:03.959
day and night, for a whole
week. And my daughter got sick.

00:37:03.959 --> 00:37:05.667
I can tell you what Chesapeake told me,

00:37:05.667 --> 00:37:08.459
that I am not allowed to
talk about this white water.

00:37:08.459 --> 00:37:12.626
I never seen sand or
green moss in my water,

00:37:12.709 --> 00:37:15.125
nor did I ever see it gel.

00:37:15.125 --> 00:37:18.876
And when I told him that,
he paused and he says,

00:37:18.876 --> 00:37:21.792
\"How far down in the jar does it gel?\"

00:37:21.792 --> 00:37:25.000
People ask me. I have a
rash, I have several rashes.

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:26.709
I can tell you about my cows.

00:37:26.709 --> 00:37:30.209
They have rashes on
their ribcages like I do.

00:37:30.209 --> 00:37:32.959
I don\'t know what\'s happening to them.

00:37:32.959 --> 00:37:36.709
I called to report to DEP
that my water has changed,

00:37:36.709 --> 00:37:38.125
March 15th, 2011.

00:37:39.667 --> 00:37:42.042
They took all the information.

00:37:42.042 --> 00:37:44.292
The fourth week, they wrote me back.

00:37:44.292 --> 00:37:46.042
They would not come out.

00:37:46.042 --> 00:37:50.167
And then I recited the
actual Oil and Gas Act

00:37:50.167 --> 00:37:53.125
in Pennsylvania, where they
have to make a determination

00:37:53.125 --> 00:37:56.501
within 45 days after the
test results are done.

00:37:56.501 --> 00:37:58.417
And they said they could not do that.

00:37:58.417 --> 00:38:00.751
- We asked DEP to
conduct an investigation.

00:38:00.751 --> 00:38:02.209
They\'re required to do an investigation

00:38:02.209 --> 00:38:05.250
pursuant to the oil and gas regulations.

00:38:05.250 --> 00:38:06.501
And they\'re required

00:38:06.501 --> 00:38:09.918
to complete the investigation in 45 days.

00:38:10.792 --> 00:38:14.375
They\'ve never done that,
and it\'s been two years.

00:38:14.375 --> 00:38:16.792
- It\'s a pretty sad state of affairs

00:38:16.792 --> 00:38:20.000
when a dairy farmer can\'t even
trust to drink their own milk

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:22.292
because they\'re not really
sure of what\'s in it.

00:38:22.709 --> 00:38:26.876
And I question feeding my
children our milk sometimes, too.

00:38:27.501 --> 00:38:31.000
I mean, it\'s a horrible position to be in,

00:38:32.459 --> 00:38:34.959
to not depend on the product
that you\'re shipping.

00:38:34.959 --> 00:38:36.959
And there\'s no help.

00:38:36.959 --> 00:38:39.751
- I went down to EPA and
I was gonna talk about

00:38:39.751 --> 00:38:43.918
my concern with the food,
because I\'m in the dairy business

00:38:44.042 --> 00:38:48.000
and I fear what\'s going
through the milk source.

00:38:48.000 --> 00:38:50.959
But they sat out water just like this.

00:38:50.959 --> 00:38:54.375
They had black water and
they had a brown water,

00:38:54.375 --> 00:38:56.209
and all I could do was just
stare at the white water.

00:38:56.209 --> 00:38:59.000
I\'m thinking, \"There\'s
my daughter\'s water.

00:38:59.000 --> 00:39:02.167
This is why my baby left me.\"

00:39:02.167 --> 00:39:04.918
And I had to tell them the story.

00:39:05.918 --> 00:39:08.334
And then, about three or four times later,

00:39:08.334 --> 00:39:10.584
another man from Potter County,

00:39:10.584 --> 00:39:13.417
he said the same thing
-- his water changed.

00:39:13.417 --> 00:39:16.667
He went about through the
detail of the leasing.

00:39:18.792 --> 00:39:20.709
It ain\'t fair.

00:39:20.709 --> 00:39:22.876
(sobbing)

00:39:28.876 --> 00:39:30.083
- This industry is operating

00:39:30.083 --> 00:39:32.209
in very close proximity to homeowners,

00:39:32.209 --> 00:39:35.334
but there\'s also a lot
of provisions in place

00:39:35.334 --> 00:39:37.501
to make sure that that water stays safe

00:39:37.501 --> 00:39:40.334
and that a homeowner is not left concerned

00:39:40.334 --> 00:39:44.459
about what is a fundamental
right -- to drink clean water.

00:39:45.459 --> 00:39:49.375
- I lost a lot, because
my well was good before

00:39:51.751 --> 00:39:54.876
and I never had a problem with it.

00:39:54.876 --> 00:39:56.375
It was good water.

00:39:58.042 --> 00:40:01.417
And, I mean, even when I had it tested,

00:40:01.417 --> 00:40:03.918
my tests never showed nothing.

00:40:05.501 --> 00:40:08.334
And I just feel that I really got screwed

00:40:08.334 --> 00:40:09.918
all the way around.

00:40:12.542 --> 00:40:15.250
They took something away
that was really precious,

00:40:15.250 --> 00:40:19.209
and you don\'t realize it until it\'s gone.

00:40:19.209 --> 00:40:22.751
They\'re gonna screw everybody\'s waters up.

00:40:22.751 --> 00:40:24.125
Even these springs that we have,

00:40:24.125 --> 00:40:27.125
the natural springs, I\'m afraid

00:40:27.125 --> 00:40:29.709
we\'re not gonna have any water.

00:40:31.334 --> 00:40:33.918
Without water, we have no life.

00:40:35.334 --> 00:40:38.918
(typewriter keys clicking)

00:40:55.292 --> 00:40:57.334
- We\'re gonna have some serious problems.

00:40:57.334 --> 00:40:59.542
We\'re gonna have some
serious health problems.

00:40:59.542 --> 00:41:03.709
We\'re gonna have an awful
lot of water pollution

00:41:03.876 --> 00:41:05.334
that we don\'t have now.

00:41:05.334 --> 00:41:07.125
They can\'t avoid it.

00:41:07.125 --> 00:41:08.792
They can\'t avoid it.

00:41:20.501 --> 00:41:22.042
- At the end of the day,

00:41:22.042 --> 00:41:24.375
natural gas is cheap right now.

00:41:24.375 --> 00:41:26.542
But with that said, we\'re not paying

00:41:26.542 --> 00:41:29.250
the true costs of natural gas.

00:41:29.250 --> 00:41:32.751
We\'re not paying for those
negative externalities --

00:41:32.751 --> 00:41:36.417
the effects on human
health, the effects on air,

00:41:36.417 --> 00:41:38.918
the negative effects of methane gas

00:41:38.918 --> 00:41:41.751
on our climate and climate change.

00:41:45.918 --> 00:41:47.209
- In over six months,

00:41:47.209 --> 00:41:50.834
DEP did not answer one question
about our file reviews,

00:41:50.834 --> 00:41:53.000
even though Public Herald left messages

00:41:53.000 --> 00:41:55.959
and emails for each report.

00:41:55.959 --> 00:41:57.834
The same goes for the industry.

00:41:57.834 --> 00:41:58.834
- This is Nancy Schneider

00:41:58.834 --> 00:42:00.292
from Penn Virginia Corporation.

00:42:00.292 --> 00:42:02.918
I wanted to get back to you.

00:42:02.918 --> 00:42:06.209
I would just say to you
that we don\'t comment

00:42:06.209 --> 00:42:09.501
on where we put our flowback water

00:42:09.501 --> 00:42:11.959
or any other environmental question,

00:42:11.959 --> 00:42:14.584
but I will tell you that
we are in compliance

00:42:14.584 --> 00:42:17.918
with every regulation Pennsylvania has.

00:42:17.918 --> 00:42:22.083
So, I hope that gives
you what you need. Bye.

00:42:25.667 --> 00:42:27.959
- Transparency has its costs.

00:42:27.959 --> 00:42:30.209
And one night, while
photographing drill rigs

00:42:30.209 --> 00:42:34.083
in Tioga State Forest,
we experienced firsthand

00:42:34.083 --> 00:42:36.834
how far some companies are willing to go.

00:42:36.834 --> 00:42:40.375
(typewriter keys clicking)

00:42:48.876 --> 00:42:50.626
- It doesn\'t matter!

00:42:57.709 --> 00:42:59.876
- Can you answer my question?

00:42:59.876 --> 00:43:03.042
- Because we\'re on state forest land!

00:43:03.167 --> 00:43:04.959
- Because we\'re investigative reporters,

00:43:04.959 --> 00:43:08.042
that\'s why, if you really wanna know.

00:43:10.876 --> 00:43:12.375
- If you touch that camera...
- That\'s my rig!

00:43:12.375 --> 00:43:13.959
- If you touch that camera, you\'re...

00:43:16.834 --> 00:43:17.959
- We\'re not taking
pictures of your truck!

00:43:17.959 --> 00:43:18.834
- You just did!

00:43:18.834 --> 00:43:21.209
- I took pictures of his
truck, and his truck only.

00:43:21.209 --> 00:43:23.334
Listen, buddy, watch the camera!

00:43:23.334 --> 00:43:24.584
- Don\'t put your hands on me!

00:43:24.584 --> 00:43:26.167
- Get your hands off her!

00:43:26.751 --> 00:43:28.584
You\'re violating federal law!

00:43:35.334 --> 00:43:37.501
- You get outta here, right now.

00:43:37.501 --> 00:43:38.584
Now!

00:43:38.584 --> 00:43:41.167
- We were just accosted by truckers

00:43:41.167 --> 00:43:43.751
that said we weren\'t
supposed to be on that road.

00:43:43.751 --> 00:43:47.250
However, as you can
see, there are no signs

00:43:47.250 --> 00:43:49.083
saying whether or not...

00:43:50.083 --> 00:43:53.334
There are no \"No
Trespassing\" signs anywhere.

00:43:54.584 --> 00:43:56.626
After the incident, we filed a report

00:43:56.626 --> 00:43:58.584
with the Bureau of Forestry.

00:43:58.584 --> 00:44:02.042
And in their investigation,
the chief officer told us

00:44:02.042 --> 00:44:04.459
that the gas company referred to us

00:44:04.459 --> 00:44:06.709
as potential ecoterrorists.

00:44:08.542 --> 00:44:10.876
The bureau\'s chief officer concluded

00:44:10.876 --> 00:44:13.501
that the gas company had acted illegally,

00:44:13.501 --> 00:44:15.626
being at fault for the incident,

00:44:15.626 --> 00:44:17.083
and that the public has a right

00:44:17.083 --> 00:44:21.083
to photograph anyone on
public land at any time.

00:44:22.083 --> 00:44:26.125
According to a statement to
the press by the gas company,

00:44:26.125 --> 00:44:27.834
the bureau\'s central office

00:44:27.834 --> 00:44:30.959
deemed the case to be without merit.

00:44:30.959 --> 00:44:33.375
And that was it. Case closed.

00:44:40.542 --> 00:44:43.667
- The accessibility and the
affordability of natural gas

00:44:43.667 --> 00:44:45.542
has really had a great influence.

00:44:45.542 --> 00:44:47.501
- We have a brand new
statute in Pennsylvania --

00:44:47.501 --> 00:44:50.209
again, proving the agility
of the State to act

00:44:50.209 --> 00:44:53.209
and our knowledge of
our own state -- Act 13.

00:44:55.083 --> 00:44:56.042
- The whole things reminds me

00:44:56.042 --> 00:44:57.459
kind of the tobacco companies

00:44:57.459 --> 00:44:59.125
back in the day, when they said,

00:44:59.125 --> 00:45:01.542
\"Oh, cigarette smoking
doesn\'t cause cancer.\"

00:45:01.542 --> 00:45:03.626
And then they did their
own studies and they said,

00:45:03.626 --> 00:45:06.334
\"Oh, it caused cancer,\" and they hid that.

00:45:06.334 --> 00:45:09.250
- Sound science, I\'m totally in favor of.

00:45:09.250 --> 00:45:11.167
Political science, I wonder.

00:45:11.167 --> 00:45:12.042
- There are some people

00:45:12.042 --> 00:45:14.667
with contaminated water that is clear.

00:45:14.667 --> 00:45:17.083
Water tests cost $1,000 a shot.

00:45:17.083 --> 00:45:19.209
How often can you afford to do that?

00:45:19.209 --> 00:45:21.292
So, you\'re gonna drink the water

00:45:21.292 --> 00:45:23.417
until you have some sort of an indicator,

00:45:23.417 --> 00:45:25.250
and that may be too late.

00:45:25.250 --> 00:45:27.083
- DEP is not disclosing

00:45:27.083 --> 00:45:31.125
all health and safety risks to
residents who call for help,

00:45:31.125 --> 00:45:35.292
and is using compliance to
avoid enforcing the law.

00:45:35.292 --> 00:45:36.792
- And the interesting thing about farming,

00:45:36.792 --> 00:45:40.209
if a farmer commits any
kind of contamination

00:45:40.209 --> 00:45:43.417
or water issue, I know of no farmer

00:45:43.417 --> 00:45:46.918
where the regulator says, \"Okay,
you investigate it yourself

00:45:46.918 --> 00:45:49.751
and report back to me your findings.\"

00:45:49.751 --> 00:45:51.125
- And as people have said,

00:45:51.125 --> 00:45:55.292
State of Pennsylvania sold
us out to oil and gas.

00:45:55.709 --> 00:45:57.751
(can clanking)

00:45:57.751 --> 00:46:01.375
- Some of that stuff, if it
gets into the groundwater,

00:46:01.375 --> 00:46:04.417
I\'m not sure that there\'s
even ways to remediate it,

00:46:04.417 --> 00:46:06.167
and that\'s a big concern.

00:46:06.167 --> 00:46:10.083
And I don\'t think the department\'s
addressing any of that.

00:46:10.083 --> 00:46:12.334
- I think, as a general planning
tool, we should consider

00:46:12.334 --> 00:46:16.250
that once a drinking water
aquifer is contaminated,

00:46:16.250 --> 00:46:20.417
its useful life to humans
for drinking is over.

00:46:20.792 --> 00:46:23.000
That\'s the best way to think about it

00:46:23.000 --> 00:46:25.250
for planning and use purposes.

00:46:25.834 --> 00:46:29.083
- Even winning the cases,
we\'re not winning the battle.

00:46:29.083 --> 00:46:31.042
My client has clean water,

00:46:31.042 --> 00:46:33.375
but the groundwater\'s still polluted.

00:46:33.375 --> 00:46:34.876
So what did we accomplish?

00:46:34.876 --> 00:46:37.334
We got one guy a water conditioner,

00:46:37.334 --> 00:46:39.792
and that\'s probably the best
we\'re gonna be able to do.

00:46:40.334 --> 00:46:42.876
- Triple Divide is one special place

00:46:42.876 --> 00:46:45.834
for which everything is downstream.

00:46:46.209 --> 00:46:50.334
- That water feeds us
all, it sustains us all,

00:46:51.834 --> 00:46:54.250
and it\'s something we have in common.

00:46:54.250 --> 00:46:56.459
- Our drinking water comes from places

00:46:56.459 --> 00:46:59.375
many of us have never seen.

00:46:59.375 --> 00:47:01.250
Where is your water born?

00:47:01.751 --> 00:47:03.709
- These guys don\'t understand

00:47:03.709 --> 00:47:06.959
how fragile these headwater streams are.

00:47:06.959 --> 00:47:11.125
In defense of them to a degree,
some of \'em never even...

00:47:11.542 --> 00:47:14.792
they don\'t even know
what a EV trout stream

00:47:14.792 --> 00:47:17.709
or Exceptional water is.

00:47:18.167 --> 00:47:21.626
- Money. (laughing) Ain\'t
that what it\'s all about?

00:47:21.626 --> 00:47:24.417
That was my big thing, was the money.

00:47:24.417 --> 00:47:26.459
I don\'t know, you hear all this rumors

00:47:26.459 --> 00:47:29.459
about the water and whatnot.

00:47:30.250 --> 00:47:33.083
I kinda hope they don\'t come and drill.

00:47:33.083 --> 00:47:37.250
But if they do, that\'s
more money, see? (laughing)

00:47:37.959 --> 00:47:39.959
- I mean, there was a spill on Pine Creek

00:47:39.959 --> 00:47:43.792
down just before it empties
into the Susquehanna.

00:47:43.792 --> 00:47:46.667
If you\'re backpacking through
that section of Pine Creek,

00:47:46.667 --> 00:47:50.042
they had signs up saying,
\"Don\'t drink the water.\"

00:47:50.042 --> 00:47:53.417
- Shale drilling waste,
known to be radioactive,

00:47:53.417 --> 00:47:57.083
is being buried in
Exceptional Value watersheds.

00:47:57.083 --> 00:48:00.292
- There\'s a mechanism for having places

00:48:00.292 --> 00:48:03.000
declared unsuitable for mining.

00:48:03.918 --> 00:48:08.042
I had proposed legislation
that would begin a framework

00:48:08.959 --> 00:48:11.792
for areas unsuitable for drilling.

00:48:15.292 --> 00:48:19.417
I think that there\'s a
precedent for a program

00:48:20.125 --> 00:48:22.375
similar to what\'s in the Mining Act,

00:48:22.375 --> 00:48:25.542
if anybody had the courage
and the willingness

00:48:25.542 --> 00:48:28.584
to turn down the gas money to do it.

00:48:28.584 --> 00:48:32.501
- Are we to be sacrificed,
and our groundwater?

00:48:32.501 --> 00:48:34.876
Where do we draw the line?

00:48:34.876 --> 00:48:37.209
- It\'s not a time to
be apathetic or asleep,

00:48:37.209 --> 00:48:40.459
so wake up and do whatever
it is you do best.

00:48:43.417 --> 00:48:44.876
- Where do we move to?

00:48:44.876 --> 00:48:46.083
Where do you go?

00:48:46.083 --> 00:48:47.751
You don\'t have any money,
you don\'t have nothing.

00:48:47.751 --> 00:48:49.459
A farm is your retirement.

00:48:49.459 --> 00:48:51.209
This is what you retire on.

00:48:51.792 --> 00:48:54.125
What are the people going to do here?

00:48:54.125 --> 00:48:56.292
You\'re being told that what you see,

00:48:56.292 --> 00:49:00.167
what you feel, what you know isn\'t true,

00:49:00.167 --> 00:49:03.209
because the government
says everything\'s fine.

00:49:03.209 --> 00:49:04.667
- I don\'t wanna be in a fair fight

00:49:04.667 --> 00:49:07.459
with the rest of the world
when we have natural resources

00:49:07.459 --> 00:49:09.000
right here provided by God

00:49:09.000 --> 00:49:10.751
that we\'re not taking advantage
of them to put ourselves

00:49:10.751 --> 00:49:12.792
in the best position in
the world economically.

00:49:12.792 --> 00:49:15.834
- You don\'t wanna miss
the forest for the trees,

00:49:15.834 --> 00:49:18.083
which is the fact that
burning more natural gas

00:49:18.083 --> 00:49:19.626
in place of some other fuels

00:49:19.626 --> 00:49:22.709
will create a very quick
environmental benefit.

00:49:23.876 --> 00:49:26.083
- Natural gas is a finite resource.

00:49:26.083 --> 00:49:28.042
Once we\'ve developed the Marcellus,

00:49:28.042 --> 00:49:32.209
once we\'ve developed the Utica
10, 15, 20 years from now,

00:49:33.834 --> 00:49:36.667
where are we gonna find more energy?

00:49:36.667 --> 00:49:39.626
These are not infinite supplies.

00:49:39.626 --> 00:49:41.501
This conversation about natural gas

00:49:41.501 --> 00:49:44.125
precludes other conversations.

00:49:44.125 --> 00:49:45.751
It dominates our discourse

00:49:45.751 --> 00:49:48.167
and we need to have a more holistic idea

00:49:48.167 --> 00:49:50.209
and discussion and political debate

00:49:50.209 --> 00:49:53.417
about how we\'re gonna power
ourselves in the future.

00:49:53.417 --> 00:49:57.000
- Society has arrived
at a watershed moment.

00:49:57.000 --> 00:50:00.042
In Pennsylvania, the
pressure from fracking

00:50:00.042 --> 00:50:02.459
is forcing a new direction.

00:50:02.459 --> 00:50:03.959
- Even if you have differences,

00:50:03.959 --> 00:50:07.417
you need to find common
ground to speak about this.

00:50:07.417 --> 00:50:10.042
Even for those that haven\'t faced it yet,

00:50:10.042 --> 00:50:11.709
you need to be talking about it.

00:50:11.709 --> 00:50:14.542
The communities always
knew how to come together

00:50:14.542 --> 00:50:15.959
when there was a crisis.

00:50:15.959 --> 00:50:17.584
And this is what\'s
happening to us right now,

00:50:17.584 --> 00:50:19.000
there\'s a crisis.

00:50:20.459 --> 00:50:22.292
- You do not scare me.

00:50:23.876 --> 00:50:26.250
You ought to be scared of me

00:50:26.250 --> 00:50:30.375
and what I\'m capable of,
nonviolently, to resist you.

00:50:32.417 --> 00:50:35.834
I\'m going to fight them in
every way that\'s necessary

00:50:35.834 --> 00:50:38.501
to protect these goats
that you see around me.

00:50:38.501 --> 00:50:40.292
Because this is my life,

00:50:40.292 --> 00:50:44.459
and you don\'t get to take
away my life without a fight.

00:51:21.751 --> 00:51:23.959
- I\'m here to request
a federal investigation

00:51:23.959 --> 00:51:26.584
of the US Environmental Protection Agency,

00:51:26.584 --> 00:51:29.375
the Pennsylvania Department
of Environmental Protection,

00:51:29.375 --> 00:51:31.209
for ignoring evidence that clearly shows

00:51:31.209 --> 00:51:32.834
contamination of drinking water

00:51:32.834 --> 00:51:35.584
related to the development
of shale oil and gas

00:51:35.584 --> 00:51:38.792
that has impacted residents
in Pennsylvania for years --

00:51:38.792 --> 00:51:40.834
subjecting them to illness and disease

00:51:40.834 --> 00:51:44.417
through exposure to toxins
through their drinking water.

00:52:01.334 --> 00:52:03.375
(Music - Melissa Troutman, \"The Mountain\")

00:52:03.584 --> 00:52:07.167
♫ I\'ll share your stories

00:52:07.167 --> 00:52:10.334
♫ You will share mine

00:52:11.209 --> 00:52:14.375
♫ I won\'t destroy your home

00:52:15.417 --> 00:52:18.834
♫ If you spare mine

00:52:18.834 --> 00:52:22.459
♫ All the waters flow

00:52:22.459 --> 00:52:25.042
♫ The mountain