WEBVTT

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At night the seven most places with names

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In the early morning hours near them try and
do or not are bumping against cable TV guy.

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Which we weight up for them.

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Believe are back windows
opening column when we

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Eris splash

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pointing Appointment Raymond Carver

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first time in the fall and
nine xi that\'s one that

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Pompeii is run on a off here and
I\'m a little river up they were

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so thick and they\'re the harsh
wouldn\'t go across Yeah to walk

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on the back doors cross
together but you gotta

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stop that thing we were told

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you know that Salman Why does
belonged to us it was given to us.

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My I am I am maker and for us to get along
and so it\'s part of our culture and

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it\'s sad that we\'re losing the salmon the
way it\'s going because That was our way of

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life as the American frontier

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moved west the Olympic Peninsula was one
of the final regions to be explored.

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On DR1 and across the peninsula from O to

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point O point dwelling people had
lived in a series of villages.

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During the 19th century
European diseases decimated

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the cloud conquest of their
lands dislocated to survivors.

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The 190s found many columns On the
beaches of the new white settlement of

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Port Angeles landless and core disparities

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of opportunity and means
separate whites and Indians.

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I have a little story to
tell about my sister.

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She has lived in years younger than me.

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Her and her husband just got
married and there\'s during and

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other hard times because it\'s
got really in a fine jobs here

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and so they were at home
and there was nothing to

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eat their governments are there
to them decide that they

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were gonna go fishing and so
Bernice I went went along with

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them you know and they did
catch a fish died the twine.

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Around around the gills of a
fish and he told her to drag it

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across the field you know not pick it up but
drag it across the field and get it home.

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So they have something to eat
and the mean damn they\'ll go up

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the river to see where the e Morton was so

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she sent you Arctic grass
field with it Twine in

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her hand Bragg in the fish and she
got home and they cook didn\'t.

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Had something to eat

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There\'s some people in Native
American country who say that

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each each Native American peoples
have their mother watershed

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and for us that was the online
she was our sustainer of

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life Seattle and Port

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Townsend both ideal places

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for an ambitious young man
to stake out a claim.

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Free land timber water promise was

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everywhere but these towns
were not the frontier anymore.

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I wanted something new or when I got off

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that Georgia E star and
pollinators that day and

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1890 I saw a Port Angeles
was a wild frontier town.

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If I was looking for an
undeveloped country.

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I\'d certainly found it It took me

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only a few minutes to walk from
one end of Port Angeles to

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the other eye turned from the muddy
streets a few frame houses and

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Kevin\'s restores us alone in the house.

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Between two hundred and
three hundred Indians

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were camping on the beach
in front of the town.

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Most of them had large canoes.

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And the Indians made their
living principally by a fishing

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Thomas Hall Law Thomas Hall

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An enterprising young banker from

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Ontario Canada who arrived in
Port Angeles seeking his fortune.

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He would make his living principally
by selling real estate.

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Oh yes I know we haven\'t
made her years when I was

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growing up as a member of
the already pub wasn\'t very

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big and so one time

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my office is right across the street
from he his office on rural street.

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He had a big brother\'s brother vision
about six feet and wait a couple of

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100 pumpkins and look out the
window and they were over

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there fighting the big guy
was on the floor heard.

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Little tom was right here on top hammer
away had him quite a show The West

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sounded easy land of opportunity plenty
of everything generosity friendliness.

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A man\'s own words not his ancestors.

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These were catchphrases
that we all believed.

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History proved them true.

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Shortly after arriving import
Angeles and in the midst of

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a local housing boom Caldwell obtain
a homestead on the Luo River.

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A young man he was smitten
with the beauty of

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the spot and I saw Steve second claim
I knew it was just what I wanted

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although the cabin was a canyons for which
the Elwa thunder And the 75 feet or

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so in front of it as a spring of
crystal-clear water overhung by Vine Naples.

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The scintillating rays
of the sun were coming

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through the branches and
sparkling on the water.

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My life had taken me to schools
to cities to business but

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suddenly that spring embodied all of life
and beauty I thought I\'d ever launched.

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Four years later all while Mr. RM brain.

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Who was a friend of the
manager of the federal bank

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where Caldwell had worked
as a teller in Canada.

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It didn\'t take long before all
dwells infatuation would yield to

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a new seduction Well I I\'d just I knew him

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my dad knew him extremely
well but I knew him

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God he\'s sold some real estate
in style but it was one that was

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behind getting most every industry
error and he was also indirectly

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help and themselves say In
1894 when I met him brain.

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He was interested in and Apollo
site and I showed him my claim

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on the river but we didn\'t
talk only about the past.

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We looked at the Kenyan suddenly the L1 was

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no longer a wild stream crashing
down under the street the L1.

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Was peace collar and civilization

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Apathy is madness they had they
had stories where every county.

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Where where as you change your
lattice coincides with the Bible

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And that\'s why we come to the main column
and current tend to connect is changing

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You know a placed all these for
us to get along and to eat.

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We were always told to respect
them nearer to take any more than

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what we possibly could use an x that\'s
one of their openings at that Indians.

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Was going by whenever wasted food
And we respected and salmon and

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then everything that we could
you know not to abuse it and

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overuse it and I can\'t
He said We never wasted.

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We use every part of the
change accepting the gauge.

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It\'s part of us eternal life
and it\'s our way of right.

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Being destroyed as it is not repeal it

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1910 Port Angeles had a 100
horsepower steam generated plant

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have the streets were led and The lights
usually went out and blink on and off.

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None of the stores and are the shops had

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electricity under the homes had
electricity and they called

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electricity juice and
juices kinda refers to

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the essence of things and and
what power and progress can do

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the polymeric and at the time included

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Lightfoot Port Angeles Port
Townsend Bremmer term and

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the other small towns
or in the district with

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Paolo Port Angeles would
bring in middles plan for

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the use of the large reserves of
timber and think about pulp and paper

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development The mayor of Port
Angeles 1910 I believe had a scheme

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to too damn one of the tributaries
on the Yellow River and

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that fell through and the town voted on that
and there is a veto and it was overridden.

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So there are a lot of people around

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the area Port Angeles and on the peninsula
who were trying to get things moving

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whether it be timbre or
water power or mining

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or a railroad and all the while was one of
them and you just happened to be the guy

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who whose dam one and you happen

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to be the guy wrote an autobiography
about it that we can read if we want

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to but he seems to have
put himself in a light

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which which has left a lot
of shadows behind him.

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Oh yeah Each Oregon area
are going to try and

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Mr. Salmon over the dam o a promise
there when he built the damn

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promised to put that in Google Keep

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the salmon that after about a
year he gave up on it and they

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didn\'t do anything about
it just to cover up I

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think it was devastating for the
people at the time because the fish.

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By the thousands were
coming up the river and

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they have nowhere to go
and they were just dying.

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Just literally dying by the
thousands and the banks from way

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below the dam all the way to
the down and they were laid up

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all over the river banks
and our people were really

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upset Because of that time they
weren\'t even allowed to take

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the freshly the fish that had just

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died or were still fresh they
weren\'t even allowed to take

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those home they wrote letters they

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went to game warden they yelled
and nobody would listen.

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Nobody wanted to hear what
those darn Indians had to say

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anyway Washington\'s first
legislature had passed a law in

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1890 requiring the construction of fish passage
devices and dams were seminar or want to

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ascend Fish

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commissioner JO Roslyn

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managed to ignore the new L1 Dan.

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Despite an extensive public relations
campaign and the entire first year of

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construction a change of administration

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run a response from incoming
commissioner Leslie Darwin.

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No officer of the state has any right to wave
one of the states statutory requirements.

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Neither Mr. Iceland as fish
commissioner or myself are at

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liberty to say that you will not have
to put a fish way over your Dad.

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The only possible way to
avoid your having to do

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this would be for the state to select
a hatchery site at the foot of

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your damn state had had for some time The
right to build an obstruction on a river.

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With the purpose of building
a hatchery for instance.

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There are rivers and downstate
Washington where in

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the early 1800s the Fish
Commission built the dam.

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And set up a hatchery
to enhance and improve

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the fisheries for the harbor
for the commercial fisheries.

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So the state reasoned well if
we can build an obstruction.

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Now all of a sudden we\'ve got
these big obstructions and we

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just don\'t know how to handle it
because there just doesn\'t seem

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to be adequate technology to build fish
passage why don\'t we declare that abstraction

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are obstruction which we
have the right to do and

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put a hatchery in awe of it
and bill no fish ladder.

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They had the option Of building a
fish latter ladder or a hatchery

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sure they\'d better hatchery and their state

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run it state was Girona they
worked around it and then.

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Sometime in the earlier 20s
or state just quit run

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it they didn\'t know how to treat
diseases they didn\'t know

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what type of feed to use
for fish and they didn\'t

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know what type of vessels to
rear the fish and they really

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lacked the knowledge to be able to rear
fish successfully in 1915 the legislature

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finally decided to make

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the law official so to speak
laws technically we\'re

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broken But there are knowingly
broken if you want to use that verb.

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By the legislature or the governor and by the
Fisheries Commissioner and they were broken

00:17:23.285 --> 00:17:26.269
as far as these public officials
perceived to the benefit

00:17:26.270 --> 00:17:30.150
of the state\'s growth and
everyone living in that state.

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She had everything that we
needed from beginning at

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the mouth area with the shellfish
that used to be abundant in the area.

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Going all the way up into the
upper Olympics where they hunted.

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So she had everything and she sustain

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our life for as long as everyone
can remember and that was all

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removed that was all cutoff
Progress was a word bandied

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about often and people meant it
was something that everyone talks

00:18:10.459 --> 00:18:15.139
about when they talked about

00:18:15.140 --> 00:18:22.009
progress the connotation had to do with
advancing toward a degree of perfection.

00:18:22.010 --> 00:18:25.859
Making the state of nature better

00:18:40.420 --> 00:18:46.578
It meant that science could maybe even
give people both fish and power hack we

00:18:46.579 --> 00:18:52.859
can we can get juice from this river and we
can increase a fishery perfect solution.

00:18:55.660 --> 00:19:02.609
Think that word had severe implications for
what has happened over the past 80 years

00:19:05.560 --> 00:19:10.158
the East Coast that had problems
with their fisheries because of dams

00:19:10.159 --> 00:19:14.059
as early as the 1800s the
northwest was put in

00:19:14.060 --> 00:19:16.609
a unique position where they
could look back and see

00:19:16.610 --> 00:19:19.428
what had happened Europe to the
Fisheries and see what had

00:19:19.429 --> 00:19:25.069
happened to the fisheries on the east coast
as the result of dams and design Laws.

00:19:25.070 --> 00:19:28.098
Which can circumvent that problem and

00:19:28.099 --> 00:19:32.479
all the things that they knew before that
dam was built came to be true after the dam

00:19:32.480 --> 00:19:35.628
was built there are a lot of flow
regulations of the river where

00:19:35.629 --> 00:19:40.113
the level would rise and fall
and fish would be stranded.

00:19:40.114 --> 00:19:42.138
And subsequently die.

00:19:42.139 --> 00:19:46.188
While they opened the dams and just glad

00:19:46.189 --> 00:19:52.148
the water coming down and you
use do you know flood and

00:19:52.149 --> 00:19:56.869
pay Yonkers to pit yes but you
back so it gets combusted goes

00:19:56.870 --> 00:20:02.433
school but after the dams
When kids after the dams.

00:20:02.434 --> 00:20:06.379
Where coal is well there\'d
be puddles of water in all

00:20:06.380 --> 00:20:10.039
over and the little sam little fish would

00:20:10.040 --> 00:20:12.799
be in there and her nice to get

00:20:12.800 --> 00:20:17.778
a large bucket and we\'d put it under
water and Nan would pick up efficient.

00:20:17.779 --> 00:20:20.478
Keep putting him in there
and then we\'d bring it to

00:20:20.479 --> 00:20:23.718
the river and dump a man or trying to save

00:20:23.719 --> 00:20:26.773
the little fish because
the inner those parasol

00:20:26.774 --> 00:20:31.469
dry up and those little
Minos had been dead.

00:20:33.690 --> 00:20:36.348
The journey don\'t streams dangerous for

00:20:36.349 --> 00:20:40.489
the youngest most natural adaption
has equip them for serving

00:20:40.490 --> 00:20:43.659
most environmental disruption It\'s tresses

00:20:43.660 --> 00:20:47.989
from human impacts leave a mark
population that\'s adaptive.

00:20:48.510 --> 00:20:52.268
Last one last big Ron.

00:20:52.269 --> 00:20:58.298
Which was 4949 or it wasn\'t

00:20:58.299 --> 00:21:04.839
big like years ago but I remember a man who\'s
a manager the timber manager for end lie.

00:21:04.840 --> 00:21:08.498
Come out to visit and I
told them I said loves

00:21:08.499 --> 00:21:12.654
good arm shear presented fish
that was an oral bid one down and

00:21:12.655 --> 00:21:17.258
claybanks they call outlet slack
water there but a lot of them fish

00:21:17.259 --> 00:21:22.493
in there and that winner of

00:21:22.494 --> 00:21:30.494
November the 20th There was a highest water I
ever say 30 thousand cubic feet per second

00:21:32.619 --> 00:21:36.139
and left flooded and wash them out

00:21:36.750 --> 00:21:42.968
the fish work out as shacks and
as flood right that can rule them

00:21:42.969 --> 00:21:50.969
say you

00:21:53.994 --> 00:21:55.464
know my children

00:21:55.465 --> 00:21:59.769
and also the children of
the Great Father what

00:21:59.770 --> 00:22:04.919
will I not do for my children and
what will you not due for your

00:22:04.920 --> 00:22:10.308
would you not die for them This paper

00:22:10.309 --> 00:22:15.483
is such that a man would give
to his children and I will

00:22:15.484 --> 00:22:23.484
tell you this paper sick jaws your fish Isaac
Stevens Washington territorial governor

00:22:25.219 --> 00:22:33.219
1855 in 1831 a Supreme Court
case to find the tribes as

00:22:34.399 --> 00:22:38.598
domestic dependent nations and in

00:22:38.599 --> 00:22:39.799
a later case as

00:22:39.800 --> 00:22:43.849
distinct political communities having
territories within which there authority is

00:22:43.850 --> 00:22:48.258
exclusive But the state sought to

00:22:48.259 --> 00:22:50.089
undermine the sovereign vision through

00:22:50.090 --> 00:22:53.479
a lengthy series of challenges
both inside and outside

00:22:53.480 --> 00:22:58.473
the courtroom in particular

00:22:58.474 --> 00:23:01.338
the state of Washington filled to
acknowledge the native right to

00:23:01.339 --> 00:23:04.653
catch fish off reservation.

00:23:04.654 --> 00:23:10.638
In usual and accustomed grounds as was
described in the Treaty of point no

00:23:10.639 --> 00:23:17.868
0.1855 I believe that

00:23:17.869 --> 00:23:24.618
the state was the one that Peano came in
and this allowed the Indians to fish.

00:23:24.619 --> 00:23:30.769
So if we fish we have Sneak to

00:23:30.770 --> 00:23:36.634
do so to keep away from the game
warden because if the Indian advocate.

00:23:36.635 --> 00:23:38.283
Got caught while they went.

00:23:38.284 --> 00:23:45.468
Today and because they were breaking
the law but like I always say in

00:23:45.469 --> 00:23:53.469
other treaties are made to be broken it really
was because they never get their greedy.

00:23:54.820 --> 00:23:58.488
When the bolt decision reaffirmed
tribal treaty rights in

00:23:58.489 --> 00:24:01.878
the 19070s interpreting
these rights to include

00:24:01.879 --> 00:24:09.879
50% of off reservation fish and usual and
accustomed ground bold animosities surfaced

00:24:11.680 --> 00:24:15.979
You know the people around here
where you know very angry that

00:24:15.980 --> 00:24:20.478
the Indian specter page and
paste them throw bales of

00:24:20.479 --> 00:24:26.539
hay offer that one-way bricks there and
if you were to get into the well-being of

00:24:26.540 --> 00:24:34.354
their night enriching Jared lot
of animosity has come up wide so.

00:24:34.355 --> 00:24:37.879
Men because the end and then asserting
the solvent a little more and

00:24:37.880 --> 00:24:43.319
then instead of lying down taking them
in dynamic fighting for the rights.

00:24:44.830 --> 00:24:50.508
Given in the 990s solemn prebuttal
hatchery technicians witnessed the L1.

00:24:50.509 --> 00:24:56.569
Under the protection of Han treaty
enforcement personnel If I manage to take

00:24:56.570 --> 00:24:59.928
all the fish laughter Thursday signal

00:24:59.929 --> 00:25:06.258
after they got their rice
fish wear whatever they want.

00:25:06.259 --> 00:25:08.838
It\'s up to them to assert.

00:25:08.839 --> 00:25:11.688
I\'m in sympathy with has I

00:25:11.689 --> 00:25:16.440
think I\'ve gotten her audio as
far as the salmon are conserved.

00:25:20.080 --> 00:25:23.298
Crane is Fisheries manager for the lower.

00:25:23.299 --> 00:25:27.634
Column trial there are people
who would like to believe that

00:25:27.635 --> 00:25:31.969
you can replace a wild run
by by putting efficient

00:25:31.970 --> 00:25:36.319
a hatchery the tribe of course
operates a hatchery And

00:25:36.320 --> 00:25:41.178
depends upon those fish to exercise
its treaty fishing rate but

00:25:41.179 --> 00:25:45.978
a hatchery is not a replacement
for wild population when you have

00:25:45.979 --> 00:25:51.184
fish that are rearing in the wild you
tend not to see the wide swings.

00:25:51.185 --> 00:25:55.099
Run sizes you tend to have a
more dependable resource.

00:25:55.100 --> 00:26:00.889
Are people are fishermen cannot
make their living on fishing.

00:26:00.890 --> 00:26:06.453
They haven\'t got. Even from the time
that they started they couldn\'t.

00:26:06.454 --> 00:26:11.014
Some of the fishermen they
had families they couldn\'t.

00:26:11.015 --> 00:26:19.015
They couldn\'t support their family
on heart fish that they got In

00:26:19.280 --> 00:26:23.268
1925 Peabody Hotelling of Chicago
which financed the construction of

00:26:23.269 --> 00:26:25.549
the lower Elwa damn directed old well to

00:26:25.550 --> 00:26:28.879
obtain leases for a site
on the Port Angeles spit.

00:26:28.880 --> 00:26:32.493
This site would become the
location of a newsprint male.

00:26:32.494 --> 00:26:36.829
Originally developed as the Washington
pulp and paper mill is today

00:26:36.830 --> 00:26:42.059
owned by the shock of America the
largest employer import engineers.

00:26:42.340 --> 00:26:47.359
I showed them the ideal site
pointed out the least gland that

00:26:47.360 --> 00:26:52.114
provided the docking facilities and had
them check the amount of available timber

00:26:52.115 --> 00:26:56.029
The most convincing elements
were letters written by RL

00:26:56.030 --> 00:26:59.659
from supervisor of the U.S.
Forest Service here who

00:26:59.660 --> 00:27:02.689
came to show them personally
that there was more timber

00:27:02.690 --> 00:27:06.468
suitable for pulp and paper
making tributary to Port Angeles

00:27:06.469 --> 00:27:11.448
than to any other place in
America there was choices

00:27:11.449 --> 00:27:13.398
made and I\'m not going to
sit here and say they were

00:27:13.399 --> 00:27:17.583
bad choices when they made a choice
to put nine dams on the Columbia.

00:27:17.584 --> 00:27:20.569
There\'s probably a good choice at

00:27:20.570 --> 00:27:25.008
that particular time tremendous
source of hydroelectric power.

00:27:25.009 --> 00:27:26.984
Nobody wants to know Killer
power I mean there\'s

00:27:26.985 --> 00:27:30.198
a pretty good deal they turned to
desert and a fertile farmland.

00:27:30.199 --> 00:27:33.259
All the benefit she got
Cheap electricity that

00:27:33.260 --> 00:27:36.378
brought jobs you\'ve brought
factories to Eastern Washington and

00:27:36.379 --> 00:27:40.413
Eastern Oregon side effect of that was that

00:27:40.414 --> 00:27:45.003
killed off the sham and running stamina
Steelhead it totally devastated.

00:27:45.004 --> 00:27:48.438
That system and that\'s just
I\'m produced more salmon in

00:27:48.439 --> 00:27:52.399
any system in the world at one
time Monday analog that it made

00:27:52.400 --> 00:27:55.293
the choice to put those damned
in and they\'ve produced

00:27:55.294 --> 00:28:00.018
water and electricity for a paper
mill down here and at that time

00:28:00.019 --> 00:28:02.178
maybe that was what they thought was

00:28:02.179 --> 00:28:04.848
a good choice for Sam and more real

00:28:04.849 --> 00:28:08.689
important when I guess nothing really
important to him it\'s almost gone.

00:28:08.690 --> 00:28:12.798
Run shepherds charter fishing business
is dependent on healthy salmon

00:28:12.799 --> 00:28:16.839
runs Now with increased
restrictions on fishing.

00:28:16.840 --> 00:28:21.069
He spends most of his time behind the
counter at the Thunderbird Cafe.

00:28:21.070 --> 00:28:25.599
Oh this is cheap power and it\'s just
great and it\'s clean and it\'s for

00:28:25.600 --> 00:28:31.284
everybody I used to tell him it has never
been cheap it\'s never been cleaned.

00:28:31.285 --> 00:28:36.159
You have never dealt with and the
people who founded these dams have

00:28:36.160 --> 00:28:41.079
never dealt with the negative environmental
and sociological impacts that have had to

00:28:41.080 --> 00:28:45.639
occur to my people and my
ancestors because you decided you

00:28:45.640 --> 00:28:50.558
want a cheap power for one
company the triumvirate of

00:28:50.559 --> 00:28:54.818
hydro-power mills and login exerted a
strong influence on the economy at

00:28:54.819 --> 00:28:59.449
the Pacific Northwest For
most of the last century

00:28:59.450 --> 00:29:03.198
communities like Port Angeles relied
on a woman bus timber market for

00:29:03.199 --> 00:29:10.279
their economic survival while my late father
was a logarithm that was in the early 20s.

00:29:10.280 --> 00:29:13.068
Seems like that was the only
kind of work they could

00:29:13.069 --> 00:29:18.183
get and I guess they liked
it because it is outdoors.

00:29:18.184 --> 00:29:22.878
Would ask could we do in our that\'s
our trees that they\'ve gotten

00:29:22.879 --> 00:29:27.919
down you know that\'s what I always said
We can\'t even get firewood now you know.

00:29:27.920 --> 00:29:33.468
We have to Why would you
know to keep us warm enough.

00:29:33.469 --> 00:29:38.118
Health system has lived in this brick home
overlooking the banks of the river since

00:29:38.119 --> 00:29:43.024
he was a boy That\'s a nice 18-23 postcard.

00:29:43.025 --> 00:29:47.959
That\'s the picture of my dad
another following eco mirror in

00:29:47.960 --> 00:29:52.939
the October 19th for a work to have
a day for the city in a ditch.

00:29:52.940 --> 00:29:58.429
There wasn\'t no future there and he
thought he looked the mountains over here

00:29:58.430 --> 00:30:04.953
Mountain guide and Packer and
Harold was lugging contractor.

00:30:04.954 --> 00:30:09.529
Working most of his life in the woods until
a tractor accident left him paralyzed.

00:30:09.530 --> 00:30:12.423
Even remembers the economic uncertainty.

00:30:12.424 --> 00:30:17.119
It can 1949 things were tough the first

00:30:17.120 --> 00:30:21.799
June I was logged in and they\'ve put
eight loads in a toilet trucks not to

00:30:21.800 --> 00:30:25.789
come back rare Mill was down all

00:30:25.790 --> 00:30:30.983
summer and then the fall then they
start to create a lorne thank

00:30:30.984 --> 00:30:34.579
picked up what we\'re gonna
do is start a war I

00:30:34.580 --> 00:30:38.868
talked to people that work in the
timber industry as I did and they

00:30:38.869 --> 00:30:42.258
feel traps the timber was cut
Thirdly and most was sold

00:30:42.259 --> 00:30:46.129
overseas and they could see
that their jobs could not

00:30:46.130 --> 00:30:52.039
last we have district

00:30:52.040 --> 00:30:55.698
are peninsula of timber that would
have run our local industries for

00:30:55.699 --> 00:30:57.799
hundreds of years it would have truly been

00:30:57.800 --> 00:31:01.069
a perpetual yield mashup

00:31:01.070 --> 00:31:05.628
for peak Taylor technicians working with
the tribal hatchery you see the effects of

00:31:05.629 --> 00:31:08.598
logging firsthand and they\'re
working to undo the damage to

00:31:08.599 --> 00:31:12.948
their usual and accustomed fishing grounds
and before I started working there and I\'ve

00:31:12.949 --> 00:31:16.449
never noticed any of this
stuff and then after awhile

00:31:16.450 --> 00:31:20.119
and he just comes natural and
drive along the road and I look

00:31:20.120 --> 00:31:25.259
down in the stream and see I\'m
trashed it is And he read

00:31:25.490 --> 00:31:33.490
about 612 that we\'re here to try to help you
that\'s a good feeling to the is just too bad

00:31:36.409 --> 00:31:40.203
everything\'s getting trashed your
downstream a little way you think

00:31:40.204 --> 00:31:44.253
most time I\'d be on a river and you
never knew what a spawning red

00:31:44.254 --> 00:31:45.829
rose until I started working

00:31:45.830 --> 00:31:51.378
and walk along a stream and I\'m
always looking for signs of fish and

00:31:51.379 --> 00:31:54.618
little fish stuff I never
really looked at before

00:31:54.619 --> 00:31:59.074
this last slide is caused
from the clearcut logging.

00:31:59.075 --> 00:32:04.368
What originally happened is the
stream cut away at the bank below

00:32:04.369 --> 00:32:07.778
the hill And then the land started sliding

00:32:07.779 --> 00:32:12.234
down and it didn\'t just
happen in one event it just.

00:32:12.235 --> 00:32:15.968
Probably gradually sliding
now but all I still gets

00:32:15.969 --> 00:32:20.288
an a stream that\'s how it was found our
biologist Mike McHenry founded and he

00:32:20.289 --> 00:32:23.589
was driving by Don on a bridge
and notice the water was

00:32:23.590 --> 00:32:28.088
always murky and muddy and
so he came up to look around

00:32:28.089 --> 00:32:31.268
and he found this and we\'ve been trying

00:32:31.269 --> 00:32:38.903
mandate and just keep sliding down
gets into the salmon spawning beds.

00:32:38.904 --> 00:32:42.929
Well I haven\'t seen him this
large but there\'s all kinds of

00:32:42.930 --> 00:32:48.418
clear-cut log clear-cut units that did
just has to be happening all over

00:32:48.419 --> 00:32:52.428
Not only the data login
but Road failures blow

00:32:52.429 --> 00:32:55.969
outs at culverts and it just takes
a little thing that triggers

00:32:55.970 --> 00:33:00.198
something like this excessive logging

00:33:00.199 --> 00:33:04.848
brings excessive siltation
siltation covers spawning

00:33:04.849 --> 00:33:09.919
beds egg smother excessive
sedimentation and gravel

00:33:09.920 --> 00:33:15.229
coming in raises the river bed so the
river has to spread it becomes shallower.

00:33:15.230 --> 00:33:20.988
There are no resting holes for the young
fish to live in this place is called

00:33:20.989 --> 00:33:27.379
Deep Creek and I used to have a lot of
deep holes for the fish or the habitat.

00:33:27.380 --> 00:33:30.259
Where they could stay
stay deep and hide and

00:33:30.260 --> 00:33:33.798
Grow because they stay in here
depending on the fish they\'ll

00:33:33.799 --> 00:33:37.399
stay in here a couple years and now

00:33:37.400 --> 00:33:41.659
I\'ll wash and Diana for the
hillsides comes in and it fills up

00:33:41.660 --> 00:33:45.469
all the spawning halls and
habitat there still is

00:33:45.470 --> 00:33:50.028
a few dipoles but we don\'t call it deep
Creek and what I would call it deep crack.

00:33:50.029 --> 00:33:55.968
There there\'s just a crack in a
landscape right now in 19-26.

00:33:55.969 --> 00:33:57.588
There\'s second dam was constructed on

00:33:57.589 --> 00:34:03.228
the L-1 loglines Canyon Dam was
situated in a narrow canyon 13 miles

00:34:03.229 --> 00:34:08.134
upriver within a few years

00:34:08.135 --> 00:34:13.594
neighboring Olympic National Park would
envelop it\'s lands This created conflict.

00:34:13.595 --> 00:34:16.249
According to a 19-22 law granting

00:34:16.250 --> 00:34:19.458
the National Park Service
licensing jurisdiction over dams

00:34:19.459 --> 00:34:22.969
within park boundaries
a tussle room between

00:34:22.970 --> 00:34:26.688
the National Park Service and the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

00:34:26.689 --> 00:34:29.328
normally the granddaughter
of hydro-power permits

00:34:29.329 --> 00:34:32.268
Ella damn never received
the federal license to

00:34:32.269 --> 00:34:36.259
operate blinds Canyon Dam received a license
from the Federal Power Commission in

00:34:36.260 --> 00:34:40.759
19-26 where period of 50 years
the preceding owner applied for

00:34:40.760 --> 00:34:44.479
a new license from 1973 sets then Congress

00:34:44.480 --> 00:34:48.274
saw that there was potential for
long-term litigation that would

00:34:48.275 --> 00:34:56.275
potentially benefit no-one in particular the
resource It started in the early eighties.

00:34:57.394 --> 00:35:00.768
With an original filing
that the tribe pursued with

00:35:00.769 --> 00:35:06.589
the other interveners in the re-licensing
process the tribe was one of

00:35:06.590 --> 00:35:13.009
the interveners based on a historical
presence and the ancestry that has evolved

00:35:13.010 --> 00:35:20.133
from time immemorial dam owner or James
Corporation was unprepared for the opposition.

00:35:20.134 --> 00:35:25.029
They just thought no
problem we\'ll just get all

00:35:25.030 --> 00:35:26.899
of our lobbyists back there and do

00:35:26.900 --> 00:35:30.450
some heavy duty lobbying and
we\'ll get our license back.

00:35:31.540 --> 00:35:33.828
But it didn\'t turn out that

00:35:33.829 --> 00:35:39.708
way It finally got to the other
side of the coin where they were

00:35:39.709 --> 00:35:43.579
saying well wait a minute is
this power really that cheap and

00:35:43.580 --> 00:35:47.793
what has it costs the
runs to the L1 contained.

00:35:47.794 --> 00:35:51.259
Essentially all five species of
Pacific salmon which include

00:35:51.260 --> 00:35:57.498
Chinook cohort paint and Saktai
around 1910 b l what dam

00:35:57.499 --> 00:36:00.769
began construction Saktai are now

00:36:00.770 --> 00:36:05.778
extinct King Salman returns are estimated
that only ten to 50 fish every odd year

00:36:05.779 --> 00:36:10.039
the other stocks are present in varying
numbers the largest returns of

00:36:10.040 --> 00:36:14.674
this are the winner Steelhead and the
summer fall Chinook and the cohort.

00:36:14.675 --> 00:36:18.949
Which are all hatchery
propagation We feel sure

00:36:18.950 --> 00:36:23.209
that the river can be restored
the dams can be removed

00:36:23.210 --> 00:36:27.079
the primary question then
becomes a political one

00:36:27.080 --> 00:36:32.088
and that translates into an
economic one the cost of

00:36:32.089 --> 00:36:34.804
this restoration project are measured in

00:36:34.805 --> 00:36:38.853
economic terms the benefits
do not necessarily have

00:36:38.854 --> 00:36:41.568
quantities that can be measured in terms of

00:36:41.569 --> 00:36:47.224
our economic systems here at the
mountaineers club in Seattle.

00:36:47.225 --> 00:36:51.019
The National Park Service
introduces the restoration plan to

00:36:51.020 --> 00:36:55.188
the public and receives commentary opposition
has emerged in the form of a group

00:36:55.189 --> 00:36:58.249
called real or rescue our area lakes

00:36:58.250 --> 00:37:00.589
the removal For the fish to come back and

00:37:00.590 --> 00:37:02.989
actually their so-called wise
use groups seeking to limit

00:37:02.990 --> 00:37:06.138
federal resource management tilda
fish ladder or this trap and haul

00:37:06.139 --> 00:37:09.408
system that\'s why they put

00:37:09.409 --> 00:37:12.438
that down trapping Hall
is the possibility of

00:37:12.439 --> 00:37:16.518
implementing fish passage
through ladders and screens.

00:37:16.519 --> 00:37:20.658
Has been evaluated three times but
they haven\'t considered setting off to

00:37:20.659 --> 00:37:26.643
turbins were during the minnow migration
you haven\'t done it that\'s my idea.

00:37:26.644 --> 00:37:31.953
Above the damps the Olaf appears much
like it was thousands of years ago.

00:37:31.954 --> 00:37:36.934
How long is this going to unpack its October
seventh protected within park boundaries.

00:37:36.935 --> 00:37:44.935
There is ample habitat for spawning salmon
But the rivers strangely silent now

00:37:47.689 --> 00:37:52.219
absent are the splashes
of spawning fish cries of

00:37:52.220 --> 00:37:58.339
bald eagles and howling gray
wolves river seems to be

00:37:58.340 --> 00:38:01.278
waiting waiting for its waters
to be filled again with

00:38:01.279 --> 00:38:08.489
noisy vibrant life not as cold appears
it was the other day water is

00:38:09.440 --> 00:38:17.440
that an integral careful lung at all web

00:38:19.900 --> 00:38:27.900
Eddie is coal Well it\'s fall

00:38:28.730 --> 00:38:32.808
on the tribes have been

00:38:32.809 --> 00:38:37.864
maintaining three thermo graphs in the
river thermograph has just a thermometer.

00:38:37.865 --> 00:38:41.598
That continuously records
the water temperature

00:38:41.599 --> 00:38:46.578
the reason that we have them in there
is to try to estimate the impact that

00:38:46.579 --> 00:38:48.978
the reservoirs behind the dams have had on

00:38:48.979 --> 00:38:53.884
water temperatures during the summer when
the sun\'s beating down on the reservoirs

00:38:53.885 --> 00:38:57.978
soaking up the solar energy water
temperatures can increase quite

00:38:57.979 --> 00:39:02.629
dramatically and any temperatures
above 65 degrees starts

00:39:02.630 --> 00:39:04.339
getting to be pretty stressful for

00:39:04.340 --> 00:39:11.673
the fish Each permanent interior
coordinator to draw down in

00:39:11.674 --> 00:39:15.649
Lake Mills lowering the water level to
study the sediment backed up behind

00:39:15.650 --> 00:39:22.294
the upper Dan A-delta became exposed where
the Ohio River once entered the reservoir.

00:39:22.295 --> 00:39:24.318
The water is cut probably

00:39:24.319 --> 00:39:26.943
a about an 18 foot deep trench on

00:39:26.944 --> 00:39:30.379
each side of what we call the delta
and eventually it\'ll cut through

00:39:30.380 --> 00:39:33.783
probably maybe a 150 feet
of this sand and silt

00:39:33.784 --> 00:39:38.850
rock and gravel until it finally hits
the bottom of this ravine Here again

00:39:41.080 --> 00:39:45.679
we had this down below the dams down
there we wouldn\'t have no problem with

00:39:45.680 --> 00:39:50.008
our salmon spawning out
The spawning grounds that

00:39:50.009 --> 00:39:54.049
they use and downers just
in certain small areas rock

00:39:54.050 --> 00:39:59.209
quarries and areas like that and
it used to be the entire river was

00:39:59.210 --> 00:40:03.078
a spawning area bonding
beds is where the water

00:40:03.079 --> 00:40:07.758
comes down the rock ends up falling
into place and staying until the

00:40:07.759 --> 00:40:11.898
next fled the nat rock there
is pushed out and the next

00:40:11.899 --> 00:40:16.128
summer the same process occurs
again and it just continues

00:40:16.129 --> 00:40:18.348
as year after year after year

00:40:18.349 --> 00:40:21.649
the reason why we\'re drawn it down as
so we can see what we\'re going to deal

00:40:21.650 --> 00:40:24.228
with as in large rocks

00:40:24.229 --> 00:40:28.339
gravel sand and mud and then we gotta
find out what we\'re gonna do with

00:40:28.340 --> 00:40:31.159
it once we get down to those situations

00:40:31.160 --> 00:40:35.644
They haven\'t taken one dam
and this nation out ever.

00:40:35.645 --> 00:40:39.769
They don\'t own I have now to do it it ruin

00:40:39.770 --> 00:40:45.419
their river and they\'ll get to
Madame per year begins at times.

00:40:51.250 --> 00:40:54.573
Well what is settlement but mud.

00:40:54.574 --> 00:40:59.538
All that clay and shill
of all kinds shared.

00:40:59.539 --> 00:41:04.623
You\'d be some gravel whether
it\'s how but what would they do

00:41:04.624 --> 00:41:10.473
taken the power names I don\'t think I\'m
an idea the next day be full of fish.

00:41:10.474 --> 00:41:16.788
That\'s baloney Real advanced this argument
that a county commissioners meeting.

00:41:16.789 --> 00:41:21.753
Very interesting sadly very complex
lotsa different opinions about it

00:41:21.754 --> 00:41:24.798
Meyer Europe the place of
the salmon are the most

00:41:24.799 --> 00:41:28.848
sensitive is when the
eggs are in the gravel.

00:41:28.849 --> 00:41:32.449
If anything stops the aerated
water from getting you

00:41:32.450 --> 00:41:37.654
those eggs they die they have to have
oxygen to live and they suffocate.

00:41:37.655 --> 00:41:40.159
And that river is full of

00:41:40.160 --> 00:41:46.398
very very Googly goo which is
ground-up rock dust and makes makes

00:41:46.399 --> 00:41:52.188
great clay and that is probably
about 50% of what will be

00:41:52.189 --> 00:41:58.564
coming down the river and so Fish restoration
and dam removal are not compatible.

00:41:58.565 --> 00:42:01.609
However logical the fears of
billions of tons of sliding

00:42:01.610 --> 00:42:06.708
mud sand clay and gravel might be
reals only alternative had been to

00:42:06.709 --> 00:42:10.008
champion fish ladders so they all
go through the penstock that\'s got

00:42:10.009 --> 00:42:14.688
the Acker screen on it but the
technical grail which had so alluded

00:42:14.689 --> 00:42:19.533
Thomas Caldwell would remain beyond reach
almost 90 years later the draft EIS

00:42:19.534 --> 00:42:24.948
answered all the questions with regard to
what was needed for fish passage at the dams.

00:42:24.949 --> 00:42:28.938
Even if you do that you
will only end up with

00:42:28.939 --> 00:42:34.369
12% of the total numbers of fish
that you would have if the dams are

00:42:34.370 --> 00:42:38.148
removed This is not a technical
issue it hasn\'t been since

00:42:38.149 --> 00:42:44.914
1991 What this is is a personal choice
either you value the reservoirs.

00:42:44.915 --> 00:42:50.359
You value the dams and the amenities that
they provide and you\'re willing to do with

00:42:50.360 --> 00:42:53.418
far less fish or you want more fish and

00:42:53.419 --> 00:42:56.718
you wanna restored ecosystem
and you want guaranteed jobs.

00:42:56.719 --> 00:43:03.379
Best not for the Park Service to dictate
that\'s for you to decide who was

00:43:03.380 --> 00:43:06.919
becoming accepted by the scientific
community that\'s river should be allowed to

00:43:06.920 --> 00:43:10.669
run its course we had a resulting
downstream impacts mitigated.

00:43:10.670 --> 00:43:14.058
We have no fish now I can\'t
even go fishing for salmon out

00:43:14.059 --> 00:43:19.038
here there would be no quick
technological thing All of

00:43:19.039 --> 00:43:23.029
the groups feel that fish
restoration is something that we

00:43:23.030 --> 00:43:28.804
need Joe Luce is a Tribal fishermen
owner of two fishing boats.

00:43:28.805 --> 00:43:33.333
He typically fishes in the Strait
of Wanda Fuca which the o la feats.

00:43:33.334 --> 00:43:36.889
I would like to see my children
field have opportunity

00:43:36.890 --> 00:43:40.458
my little boy here he someday
I want to teach him how to

00:43:40.459 --> 00:43:47.764
fish I wasn\'t able to be taught by my dad.

00:43:47.765 --> 00:43:51.738
But those would My mom helped teach me

00:43:51.739 --> 00:43:53.719
how and when Uncle Tom anyhow

00:43:53.720 --> 00:43:55.938
and the only way there\'s going
to be harmful number four for

00:43:55.939 --> 00:43:58.518
these kids to fish and
participate in in kind of

00:43:58.519 --> 00:44:01.953
fisheries whether I go out and
do something and preserve

00:44:01.954 --> 00:44:08.759
whatever we\'ve had and the fats fishing or
or limited fishing and that\'s going to take

00:44:11.260 --> 00:44:15.829
my ancestors lived here and
cut Fisher for hundreds and

00:44:15.830 --> 00:44:19.669
hundreds of years and seeing
the river and the condition

00:44:19.670 --> 00:44:23.358
than it is today is very
challenging for me as a as

00:44:23.359 --> 00:44:27.888
a trial member love drama
became critical and

00:44:27.889 --> 00:44:32.509
19975 years before a parasite

00:44:32.510 --> 00:44:39.150
The remaining power kings and the state
battery losses of over 70% occurred.

00:44:41.380 --> 00:44:45.649
Now after evading the next
longlines affect the trawlers

00:44:45.650 --> 00:44:49.609
escaping hungry C-like sports
fishermen commercial boats

00:44:49.610 --> 00:44:52.699
and we can try to tour and
having navigated El Nino is

00:44:52.700 --> 00:44:57.558
warm currents the few remaining hello
kings have competed to Pacific journey.

00:44:57.559 --> 00:45:00.690
Returning to the river of their origin.

00:45:01.270 --> 00:45:05.938
Well runs from the turn of the
century exceeded 50 thousand fish

00:45:05.939 --> 00:45:13.939
May 1500 maybe level since
spine grab those have been

00:45:13.969 --> 00:45:21.969
depleted Eighty percent of this run will
be removed from the river one-by-one.

00:45:22.960 --> 00:45:26.400
You protected inner tubes.

00:45:28.840 --> 00:45:32.419
They\'ll be kept alive in a concrete pond.

00:45:32.420 --> 00:45:36.089
Until artificial spawning can take place

00:45:44.170 --> 00:45:48.409
the parasite in the L1 is

00:45:48.410 --> 00:45:54.318
a little creature called duermo
stadium and it affects the gills of

00:45:54.319 --> 00:45:58.969
adult salmon The little
beast can live there and

00:45:58.970 --> 00:46:04.594
do no harm but under certain conditions
it starts to grow tremendously.

00:46:04.595 --> 00:46:09.030
It appears to be it\'s
triggered by warm water

00:46:09.100 --> 00:46:15.108
and the irritant in the gills forms of
mucus and the mucus interferes with

00:46:15.109 --> 00:46:18.768
the gas exchanging abilities
of the Gil and the fish

00:46:18.769 --> 00:46:25.444
simply suffocates and they do this
every time before they spawn.

00:46:25.445 --> 00:46:29.958
We lose all the valuable eggs
and reproduction of those fish.

00:46:29.959 --> 00:46:33.559
This parasite occurs in other
watersheds but it only

00:46:33.560 --> 00:46:37.008
seems to blossom and cause
trouble in watersheds that have

00:46:37.009 --> 00:46:45.009
dams And there\'s a lot of things that
that hasn\'t really you know come

00:46:46.790 --> 00:46:52.459
out my mother paid taxes on
this or the whole family

00:46:52.460 --> 00:46:58.789
did we all work together after my
father passed away and 19-22 My mother.

00:46:58.790 --> 00:47:05.104
Always thought that she would keep this place
for her her children and grandchildren.

00:47:05.105 --> 00:47:09.139
My mother had sheep Turkey chickens.

00:47:09.140 --> 00:47:14.028
Cows. Anything that we desired.

00:47:14.029 --> 00:47:18.468
Was was there and we I
would say we worked like

00:47:18.469 --> 00:47:23.388
any other settlers did everybody had
their chores I can remember coming home.

00:47:23.389 --> 00:47:27.048
Her and I we had to plant a row
of potatoes before you know

00:47:27.049 --> 00:47:30.679
that research or when I
think of a day I thought

00:47:30.680 --> 00:47:32.628
that was proudly they\'re happy staff

00:47:32.629 --> 00:47:39.769
our lives Mills The first person I met
at Peabody huddling was expanding

00:47:39.770 --> 00:47:42.828
his own activities and had
thought of building partners in

00:47:42.829 --> 00:47:46.638
the area one of the things
that slow down the location of

00:47:46.639 --> 00:47:49.939
a pulp mill here was the
need for great use supply of

00:47:49.940 --> 00:47:53.688
water mills for photos
to the town that if they

00:47:53.689 --> 00:47:55.819
would vote sufficient bonds to bring in

00:47:55.820 --> 00:48:01.128
an adequate water supply He\'d build the meal
and his company would pay off the launch.

00:48:01.129 --> 00:48:03.169
I remember that a hearing.

00:48:03.170 --> 00:48:06.499
Other people talk and you know my dad is

00:48:06.500 --> 00:48:12.543
how countries mother and they were talking
about you know the city was going to

00:48:12.544 --> 00:48:16.713
condemn this land to get the
water through their bought

00:48:16.714 --> 00:48:23.929
for 300 and some dollars but her
mother didn\'t know she was selenide.

00:48:23.930 --> 00:48:28.158
She thought she have just given
them a right to use it I even

00:48:28.159 --> 00:48:33.228
knew that Mayor Ford and just I got to
know him because he was in Ireland.

00:48:33.229 --> 00:48:41.229
I think as far back as 19-26 or 27 window
Or would you 29 before my mother gave

00:48:42.349 --> 00:48:48.063
in they told my mother all
they wanted was 40 feet

00:48:48.064 --> 00:48:51.079
the ditch line you know that
was just the only space or

00:48:51.080 --> 00:48:54.393
we\'re going to use and there
were going to make a tunnel.

00:48:54.394 --> 00:48:58.758
While our right is she felt very her
divided because this was the land

00:48:58.759 --> 00:49:03.259
that her grandfather in-law you know.

00:49:03.260 --> 00:49:09.048
Had and my dad was gone great-grandfather
was gone so she agreed that

00:49:09.049 --> 00:49:15.379
she would let that let that go and
then when they got that through.

00:49:15.380 --> 00:49:20.819
Later on then they wanted the whole
thing she couldn\'t read or write

00:49:21.370 --> 00:49:25.519
And she didn\'t know should do
and that they should have had

00:49:25.520 --> 00:49:30.089
an interpreter there to make
it legal I wasn\'t legal.

00:49:31.720 --> 00:49:36.503
It just wound to farm because
they went you know practically.

00:49:36.504 --> 00:49:41.793
Through the middle and then
the lower 40 they token.

00:49:41.794 --> 00:49:46.488
Can damned him and they charged up a bunch

00:49:46.489 --> 00:49:50.869
of bills at the time my mother was
failing and her health than she

00:49:50.870 --> 00:49:55.429
died with cancer and they charged
her hospital bill against that

00:49:55.430 --> 00:50:00.453
well in them patents in
patent that she examined from

00:50:00.454 --> 00:50:04.293
any bills you can\'t mortgage it

00:50:04.294 --> 00:50:10.339
The stock that my mother had there
were murdering the dogs are

00:50:10.340 --> 00:50:18.340
poisoning the animals they they didn\'t have
no respect we were just Indians and that was

00:50:18.544 --> 00:50:26.544
a gangster No but they weren\'t did that
actually their title of that property

00:50:28.654 --> 00:50:32.059
isn\'t good and what is this place

00:50:32.060 --> 00:50:38.044
now as state owned I guess is Ned state
hatcheries and at what she said be

00:50:38.045 --> 00:50:44.329
Creek Even though the
senate and house approved

00:50:44.330 --> 00:50:50.764
the Yellow River and fisheries Restoration Act
of 1992 or measure languished for calling.

00:50:50.765 --> 00:50:57.799
How many of you want to speak Washington
senior Senator Slade Gorton withheld funds for

00:50:57.800 --> 00:51:00.979
a dam removal on the hour to
pressure the Department of Interior

00:51:00.980 --> 00:51:05.013
into an agreement that Columbia
River Dems would not be breached.

00:51:05.014 --> 00:51:09.709
But Gordon vilified in the seattle
papers for killing salmon and fighting

00:51:09.710 --> 00:51:14.524
Indians offered wiggle room declaring that
if the community itself recommended removal.

00:51:14.525 --> 00:51:18.828
He might reconsider his position in the
unique opportunity to restore what was once

00:51:18.829 --> 00:51:23.178
the best of our nation which
is a free flowing river in

00:51:23.179 --> 00:51:26.868
fish come back who knows
We can\'t play God with

00:51:26.869 --> 00:51:31.458
these rivers and what is done is
done we can\'t go back there were

00:51:31.459 --> 00:51:35.838
wrong decisions made at the time just
like they were wrong decisions made in

00:51:35.839 --> 00:51:39.169
the Indian situations but we can\'t change

00:51:39.170 --> 00:51:43.309
history and as long as we dwell on the
past we will never move to the future.

00:51:43.310 --> 00:51:46.849
I do not believe those
dams will ever come out I

00:51:46.850 --> 00:51:50.388
think we need to move on to more
positive things and spread our energy

00:51:50.389 --> 00:51:52.458
towards finding a solution
that will work for

00:51:52.459 --> 00:51:54.678
all the parties involved
rather than being stuck

00:51:54.679 --> 00:51:56.658
on like a broken record
on the same thing of

00:51:56.659 --> 00:51:59.538
dam removal dam removal
dam removal dam removal.

00:51:59.539 --> 00:52:05.644
Thank you okay thank you Barbara. Yes sir

00:52:05.645 --> 00:52:11.328
And their conception of progress
then was keen and there was so

00:52:11.329 --> 00:52:17.028
much around them so much bounty around them
that it was easy to have that kind of belief.

00:52:17.029 --> 00:52:19.984
A belief that we could tinker with

00:52:19.985 --> 00:52:23.958
nature that we could then pound a
river that was working just fine

00:52:23.959 --> 00:52:27.048
for a few thousand years and then we could

00:52:27.049 --> 00:52:30.558
artificially spawn the River
salmon and improve it

00:52:30.559 --> 00:52:33.529
and yet 6070 years later there\'s nothing in

00:52:33.530 --> 00:52:37.759
that river that would contribute
toward subsistence lifestyle.

00:52:37.760 --> 00:52:42.004
Whereas before before
science improve the river.

00:52:42.005 --> 00:52:45.918
You had an entire community
surviving depressions and

00:52:45.919 --> 00:52:50.433
recessions and I\'m eating
foodstuffs from that river.

00:52:50.434 --> 00:52:55.098
For decades with no problems
at all and now we have

00:52:55.099 --> 00:53:01.189
an entire community that realizes what we
did to the river or we might have to undo.

00:53:01.190 --> 00:53:06.199
You wiped out the food chain because no
insects or in the graph you need gravel for

00:53:06.200 --> 00:53:08.508
insects and insects at the bottom of

00:53:08.509 --> 00:53:11.899
the food chain you wipe that out
you wipe out everything else.

00:53:11.900 --> 00:53:17.839
What I\'m getting at is that the
liability issue the lower column tribe.

00:53:17.840 --> 00:53:21.859
As Had a lot taken from them
and if you start added up

00:53:21.860 --> 00:53:25.848
over the years they have
the grounds for one of

00:53:25.849 --> 00:53:30.979
the best suits and no judge It\'s going
to turn down any kind of award to

00:53:30.980 --> 00:53:36.814
them that river supported salmon for
thousands of years and it didn\'t.

00:53:36.815 --> 00:53:40.579
And they didn\'t have any problems
with it until the turn of

00:53:40.580 --> 00:53:44.928
the century when Tom was all built
that dam on it I\'ll never see

00:53:44.929 --> 00:53:48.769
the run of Sam and come
back like the way it was in

00:53:48.770 --> 00:53:53.718
my time on never see it again but I want

00:53:53.719 --> 00:53:58.639
my great grandchildren and my
grandchildren to see it I want

00:53:58.640 --> 00:54:03.678
to see let them see what I saw and it goes

00:54:03.679 --> 00:54:05.339
plentiful

00:54:17.200 --> 00:54:19.459
Column restoration efforts

00:54:19.460 --> 00:54:23.039
on the lower Ella had
begun to achieve results.

00:54:24.220 --> 00:54:29.658
Small restored Greek located near the
tribal hatchery has been used for

00:54:29.659 --> 00:54:35.059
natural spawning by the Steelhead
coal Ho and pinks and all our kids

00:54:35.060 --> 00:54:38.178
here today are making history by

00:54:38.179 --> 00:54:44.070
putting John back in critic
again and get this run started

00:54:50.590 --> 00:54:55.989
it\'s kind of sad to see it
The fish go that Vr here

00:54:55.990 --> 00:55:01.328
but forget the dam\'s removed
it up here I think we could

00:55:01.329 --> 00:55:05.679
get more ceremonies like
this on our way up through

00:55:05.680 --> 00:55:12.833
the mountains you know plankton fish
and come down and have little kids.

00:55:12.834 --> 00:55:15.170
Put Mark dish and

00:55:26.910 --> 00:55:32.409
we businessmen think that the substantial
worthwhile things in this world or

00:55:32.410 --> 00:55:37.159
the business or material successes
which we may achieve But

00:55:37.160 --> 00:55:39.768
the Salvation Army people know that

00:55:39.769 --> 00:55:42.438
the substantial and worthwhile
things in this world are

00:55:42.439 --> 00:55:45.888
spiritual things the day will

00:55:45.889 --> 00:55:50.704
come when we are all on our resting
bed and looking up into the sky.

00:55:50.705 --> 00:55:54.199
We will then realize that they are right.

00:55:54.200 --> 00:55:57.348
And we have been wrong and they will

00:55:57.349 --> 00:56:00.828
receive the reward integrate
here after which we will hope in

00:56:00.829 --> 00:56:08.829
full Thomas Sowell cloud on peep on derives

00:56:09.980 --> 00:56:13.969
from strong people and I guess we were at

00:56:13.970 --> 00:56:19.834
one time Because we were
banded from Hulk or colored.

00:56:19.835 --> 00:56:25.410
Point don\'t point so that had
to be a large large people

00:56:33.460 --> 00:56:38.299
there were so many Indian Zai Mei clan to

00:56:38.300 --> 00:56:44.009
a different place now they didn\'t only
live down here they lived up the hill.

00:56:44.680 --> 00:56:47.598
Bad I heard when I was

00:56:47.599 --> 00:56:55.339
a child Guiana things that group telling
me is what we have been told by

00:56:55.340 --> 00:57:02.508
my great grandfather my grandfather
So it\'s come come down

00:57:02.509 --> 00:57:10.470
through that generation two ads and now
we have to tell it to our grandchildren.

00:57:13.270 --> 00:57:17.929
That\'s where I feel that we have lost

00:57:17.930 --> 00:57:22.649
quite a bit because for a long
time we never said nothing

00:57:24.460 --> 00:57:28.578
because of these edit anything
low they\'d probably say you\'re

00:57:28.579 --> 00:57:35.269
crazy I would say even ten years
ago 15 years ago I wouldn\'t

00:57:35.270 --> 00:57:41.823
be telling you in city needed telling you
that there was a history of a changer A ball

00:57:41.824 --> 00:57:49.188
where the dam is that it\'s covered up I\'d
probably end up in a mental hospital.

00:57:49.189 --> 00:57:54.588
They wouldn\'t believe when my dad was told.

00:57:54.589 --> 00:57:56.104
Over and over.

00:57:56.105 --> 00:57:59.618
Not only from a one grandparents
for loop but from the evidence you

00:57:59.619 --> 00:58:03.424
know that goes way Indians
pad church history us to

00:58:03.425 --> 00:58:11.119
sit down with the children and tell
them day to day and it was always

00:58:11.120 --> 00:58:13.638
the same thing don\'t you
forget that I told you

00:58:13.639 --> 00:58:20.609
this you\'re going after me members
and you can have to count

00:58:29.090 --> 00:58:31.539
Okay

00:59:06.490 --> 00:59:09.048
The system

00:59:09.049 --> 00:59:11.699
has a meaning

00:59:23.000 --> 00:59:27.060
because prices