Centered on the legacy of Cuba's national hero, poet José Martí, this…
Unfinished Spaces
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Cuba's ambitious National Art Schools project, designed by three young artists, Ricardo Porro, Vittorio Garatti, and Roberto Gottardi, in the wake of Castro's Revolution, is neglected, nearly forgotten, then ultimately rediscovered as a visionary architectural masterpiece.
In 1961, three young, visionary architects were commissioned by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara to create Cuba's National Art Schools on the grounds of a former golf course in Havana, Cuba. Construction of their radical designs began immediately and the school's first classes soon followed. Dancers, musicians and artists from all over the country reveled in the beauty of the schools, but as the dream of the Revolution quickly became a reality, construction was abruptly halted and the architects and their designs were deemed irrelevant in the prevailing political climate. Forty years later the schools are in use, but remain unfinished and decaying. Castro has invited the exiled architects back to finish their unrealized dream.
UNFINISHED SPACES features intimate footage of Fidel Castro, showing his devotion to creating a worldwide showcase for art, and it also documents the struggle and passion of three revolutionary artists.
'A measured and provocative story...The film masterfully reflects the vicissitudes of Castro's support of cultural projects. The young filmmakers clearly demonstrate how the architectural history of an important project allows viewers to better comprehend the complicated history of a vibrant and controversial country.' Judith Bettelheim, Professor Emerita of Art History, San Francisco State University, Adjunct Lecturer and Curator, UCLA, Author, AFROCUBA Works on Paper, 1968-2003 andTranscultural Pilgrim: Three Decades of Work by Jose Bedia
'The pursuit of creative expression is a basic human instinct regardless of race, economic status or ethnicity. This film shows how the physical structures of the schools of Cubanacan have become a memorial to the talent of three individual architects, the beauty they accomplished and that which was never realized due to the constraints of repression. The film is historically informative of a period which is seldom documented and constitutes a riveting testimony of the endurance and tenacity of these Cuban artists who created their visions under the most dire conditions.' Isabel Alvarez Borland, Murray Professor of Arts and Humanities, College of the Holy Cross, Author, Cuban-American Literature of Exile: From Person to Persona
'Unfinished Spaces is an absorbing chronicle of a revolutionary architectural achievement, its neglect during changing political times, and the rebirth of interest in the buildings and their architects. It's also a personal history, exploring the unfinished spaces in the lives of the three visionary architects who had to rebuild their lives and careers after their projects fell into disfavor...Essential viewing for students of architecture, Latin American studies, history and politics, and anyone who appreciates a moving human interest story.' Nadine Covert, New York Delegate, Montreal International Festival of Films on Art, and formerly Executive Director, Educational Film Library Association
'Few buildings show the results of cultural and political policy as clearly as the National Art Schools of Cuba. Established idealistically in the 1960s, victims of ideology in succeeding decades, rehabilitated after the 1980s and abandoned again, these handsome buildings are explained by several of the original architects and later participants. This is a well-constructed and admirably photographed film that should appeal to the general public as well as to political scientists and lovers of architecture.' Carol Krinsky, Professor of Art History, Director of Undergraduate Studies, New York University
'Truly exceptional...Confirms that the real power of architecture lies in its ability to both capture the spirit of a place, time and people, and to bring this forward into presence in contemporary experience...The film also imparts a cautionary tale about the way political expediency often goes against both common sense and the human spirit, leading some architects to ignore both disciplinary principles as well as their own best instincts about what is the right thing to do. In the end, the story of the art schools is about the fragility of architecture and the fickleness of those who commission it, but, more importantly, it is also about the strength and lasting importance of architecture, and how even when it is abandoned by those who built it, it can continue to evoke the most noble ideals and provide the most enriching experiences for those who inhabit it.' Robert McCarter, practicing architect, Professor of Architecture, Washington University in St. Louis, Author, Understanding Architecture: A Primer on Architecture as Experience, Louis I. Kahn, and Frank Lloyd Wright: Critical Lives
'A poignant tale of tenacious dreams and obstacles, the film reminds us of the crucial interplay between politics and the built environment. Unfinished Spaces captures the pulse of collective optimism and subsequent anguish in the early days of the revolution. The movie provides nuanced original material that will be an important resource to both specialized and general audiences. It is not only relevant to the architecture public, but also to those interested in the arts, humanities, history, culture and urban studies. Showing the buildings as protagonists, the film eloquently reminds us of the importance of being able to dream, to think beyond given rules and conventions, and to reinvent them.' Irina Verona, Principal Architect, IVARCH, Editor, Praxis: A Journal of Writing and Building
'An engaging, intimate, and humane portrait that explores the lives of little-known designers and opens broad questions about the relationship between architecture and the history of ideas.' Dr. Paul Niell, Assistant Professor of Art History, Florida State University
'Unfinished Spaces is an evocative and beautifully filmed portrait of Cuba's National School of Arts, as a crucible for artistic creation that defied all kinds of dogma and elitism. But more than that, the film is a compelling account of an extraordinary period of Cuban cultural history as told by the architects, artists, and students who lived through it.' Sujatha Fernandes, Associate Professor of Sociology, Queens College-City University of New York, Author, Cuba Represent! Cuban Arts, State Power, and the Making of New Revolutionary Cultures and Who Can Stop the Drums? Urban Social Movements in Chavez's Venezuela
'Beautifully filmed...Manages to capture and convey in an hour and a half fifty years of a contradictory and tormenting history...[but] leaves the audience hopeful that Utopia is still possible. Indeed, in spite of the political ups-and-downs, the film is an affirmation that the power of the arts is always stronger than politics. This film is a must for any class on documentary filmmaking, Latin American Studies, Cultural Studies, courses on Cuban culture, and, of course, on Architecture.' Dr. Lillian Manzor, Associate Professor, Modern Languages and Literatures, Director, Cuban Theater Digital Archive, University of Miami, Author, Marginality Beyond Return: Gender, Racial and Linguistic Politics in U.S.-Cuban Theater
'A wonderful addition to library DVD collections about art and art history. Highly recommended.' The Midwest Book Review
'Unfinished Spaces becomes the story of how architecture can inspire...as well as the story of Cuba itself, a revolution whose spirit was eroded over time. It's a specific story that becomes a broader one as Murray and Nahmias go more deeply into the innovations of the doomed buildings.' Calgary Herald
'Unfinished Spaces becomes the story of how architecture can inspire...As well as the story of Cuba itself, a revolution whose spirit was eroded over time. It's a specific story that becomes a broader one as Murray and Nahmias go more deeply into the innovations of the doomed buildings. Eventually even Castro himself enters the picture to talk about what happened to an idea whose time is still waiting to come.' Jay Stone, Ottawa Citizen
'Lucidly filmed...A stirring study... Absorbing.' Todd McCarthy, The Hollywood Reporter
'A witty survey (and dismantling) of Cuban politics.' Earnest Hardy, The Village Voice
'Remarkable story.' Reed Johnson, The Los Angeles Times
'A fascinating tale of visionary aesthetics and...sublime structures.' Steve Dollar, The Wall Street Journal
'Elegantly traces the brief heyday and dark period of Cuba's Art Schools.' Robert Koehler, Variety
'One of the most engrossing architecture documentaries.' Diana Budds, Dwell
'The most visually breathtaking documentary in recent memory.' Jackson Truax, Tonight at the Movies
'Go see this film and get inspired.' Carine Fabius, Huffington Post
'Critic's Pick: Go!' Karina Longworth, LA Weekly
'Lovingly and viscerally documents modernist treasures.' Sam Lubell, The Architect's Newspaper
'Revolution, art, architecture...in a potent mix for all to enjoy.' Film Threat
'A must-see...At once captivating, heartbreaking, and inspiring.' Dena Burroughs, Examiner
'Subtle...Sweeping vision.' Oscar Moralde, Slant Magazine
'A fascinating portrait of Cuba rarely seen.' Lori Huck, Yahoo Movies
'Deftly turns the tale of a work of architecture into an allegory.' Thomas White, Documentary Magazine
'A beautiful gem...about the creative spirit thriving in the darkest of times.' Courtney Howard, Very Aware
'An entirely fresh and unexpected perspective on history.' Moveable Fest
'This film is getting rave reviews.' Archinect
'Succinctly captures the dichotomy of the idea of a Cuban revolution under Fidel Castro and the reality of the Castro dictatorship.' Olivia Flores Alvarez, The Houston Press
Citation
Main credits
Nahmias, Alysa (Director)
Murray, Benjamin (Director)
Murray, Benjamin (Cinematographer)
Other credits
Director of photography, Benjamin Murray; edited by Kristen Nutile, Alex Minnick; composer, Giancarlo Vulcano.
Distributor subjects
Anthropology; Art/Architecture; Central America/The Caribbean; Cuba; Design; Developing World; Geography; History; Human Rights; Humanities; International Studies; Latino and Chicano Studies; Political Science; Revolution; Russian/Slavic Studies; SociologyKeywords
00:00:56.542 --> 00:00:58.500 I believed in the revolution. 00:00:58.501 --> 00:01:01.417 I was young, and I believed in it. 00:01:45.584 --> 00:01:46.792 Cuba is free. 00:01:48.334 --> 00:01:51.417 The hated regime of Batista is overthrown. 00:01:52.834 --> 00:01:55.125 Now will come the fruits of a new government. 00:01:57.584 --> 00:01:59.791 The citizens of Havana come out in force 00:01:59.792 --> 00:02:01.334 to welcome the liberators. 00:02:02.542 --> 00:02:03.751 A new day has dawned for all. 00:02:05.375 --> 00:02:10.291 The revolution was an idea, very beautiful idea, to change everything, 00:02:10.292 --> 00:02:12.124 to go against these dictators, 00:02:12.125 --> 00:02:14.291 to have a very democratic thing 00:02:14.292 --> 00:02:18.459 and to have a real, honest government. 00:04:07.250 --> 00:04:11.458 One day, it was the absolute beginning of the revolution, 00:04:11.459 --> 00:04:15.416 Fidel Castro arrived to the Country Club-- 00:04:15.417 --> 00:04:19.416 to which he didn't belong at all-- 00:04:19.417 --> 00:04:20.999 with Che Guavara, 00:04:21.000 --> 00:04:23.834 and they decided to play golf. 00:04:26.292 --> 00:04:30.918 The Country Club was the most aristocratic club in Havana, 00:04:32.459 --> 00:04:34.833 so all the old members that were playing golf 00:04:34.834 --> 00:04:36.375 were horrified. 00:04:40.375 --> 00:04:43.458 And suddenly Fidel Castro said to Che Guevara, 00:04:43.459 --> 00:04:50.999 "Imagine, Che, if we could put hundreds of students of art 00:04:50.999 --> 00:04:53.709 "in this magnificent landscape." 00:04:56.375 --> 00:05:01.500 They finished playing golf, and they went out everyone in their car. 00:05:01.501 --> 00:05:06.517 And in one street, there is a woman walking-- 00:05:06.517 --> 00:05:10.000 she was a great revolutionary, and was an architect. 00:05:10.000 --> 00:05:12.999 Suddenly Fidel Castro sees her, 00:05:12.999 --> 00:05:14.834 he says to the chaffuer, "Stop now." 00:05:49.334 --> 00:05:51.166 Selma say, "Alright." 00:05:51.167 --> 00:05:54.750 And that day I had a cocktail in my house, 00:05:54.751 --> 00:05:56.999 and I had a lot of friends. 00:05:57.000 --> 00:06:01.167 And suddenly Selma, who was not invited, arrived to my house. 00:06:13.417 --> 00:06:18.249 There was no limit of money, everything. 00:06:18.250 --> 00:06:20.416 And I said, "Of course, I like it very much." 00:06:20.417 --> 00:06:21.625 "You want it?" 00:06:21.626 --> 00:06:23.416 "Yes, I like it, I want to do it." 00:06:23.417 --> 00:06:30.416 "Well, then you have to end the project in two months 00:06:30.417 --> 00:06:31.958 "to begin the construction." 00:06:31.959 --> 00:06:34.249 I say, "But it's impossible." 00:06:34.250 --> 00:06:37.166 "You take it or you leave it." 00:06:37.167 --> 00:06:38.959 I said, "I take it." 00:06:41.501 --> 00:06:45.667 Well, of course, at that moment I couldn't do that. 00:06:45.667 --> 00:06:47.999 There were five schools of art. 00:06:48.000 --> 00:06:53.584 I couldn't do five schools of art, because they were terribly big. 00:06:53.584 --> 00:07:01.374 So I decided to call two architects who were friends of mine, 00:07:01.375 --> 00:07:03.416 two Italian architects who were in Cuba. 00:07:03.417 --> 00:07:07.167 Vittorio Garatti and Roberto Gottardi. 00:07:19.834 --> 00:07:22.583 I helped to make revolution, 00:07:22.584 --> 00:07:24.249 but in a very soft way, you see? 00:07:24.250 --> 00:07:26.708 I never fought. 00:07:26.709 --> 00:07:30.208 I don't think I am a man to fight with guns. 00:07:30.209 --> 00:07:32.417 I fight with ideas, that's all. 00:08:58.784 --> 00:08:59.875 It was natural. 00:08:59.876 --> 00:09:01.834 We wanted something different for Cuba. 00:12:41.584 --> 00:12:46.999 And we began to work all night, all day. 00:12:46.999 --> 00:12:49.583 And at the end of the two months, 00:12:49.584 --> 00:12:51.751 the project was ready for construction. 00:13:25.799 --> 00:13:30.291 We wanted to do most of the building with what was in the earth, 00:13:30.292 --> 00:13:34.458 becuase it was a moment in which brick was cheaper 00:13:34.459 --> 00:13:36.918 and there was not so much cement. 00:14:43.876 --> 00:14:50.249 He put an arc of the form-- let's say it's a cannon vault. 00:14:51.876 --> 00:14:56.899 And he begins to put one piece of very flat brick, 00:14:56.899 --> 00:15:00.501 to paste one with the other that dry immediately. 00:15:00.501 --> 00:15:05.799 And so he began to do the first part, and then another one and another one, 00:15:05.799 --> 00:15:09.834 until he had five pieces of brick like this. 00:15:09.834 --> 00:15:11.709 And it was the way he did it. 00:23:29.751 --> 00:23:37.249 Wifredo Lam was a painter, and I met him when I was 18. 00:23:37.250 --> 00:23:39.999 His paintings stayed in my mind 00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:46.249 when I began to try to express the Black part of Cuba. 00:23:46.250 --> 00:23:50.750 So I tried to make the School of Plastic Arts 00:23:50.751 --> 00:23:56.333 as the image of a Goddess of Fertility called "Oshun." 00:23:56.334 --> 00:24:03.584 So I put a lot of breasts in the domes I built-- 00:24:05.292 --> 00:24:07.584 just as breasts of a woman. 00:24:08.834 --> 00:24:13.291 And I made it as a small city, 00:24:13.292 --> 00:24:16.876 with narrow streets and a piazza. 00:24:20.125 --> 00:24:23.901 And in the piazza I placed a sculpture I did 00:24:23.901 --> 00:24:27.399 just like a fruit called papaya, 00:24:27.399 --> 00:24:34.188 that in Cuba has a sexual feminine connotation. 00:24:34.250 --> 00:24:37.374 I am not an abstract architect. 00:24:37.375 --> 00:24:39.709 I am a figurative architect. 00:24:47.199 --> 00:24:51.166 For me, this moment of the Schools of Art 00:24:51.167 --> 00:24:54.917 was a kind of an internal revolution 00:24:54.918 --> 00:24:58.459 because it was the romantical moment of the revolution. 00:25:00.542 --> 00:25:03.208 I wanted to express something new-- 00:25:03.209 --> 00:25:09.001 the atmosphere I felt in Cuba during the revolution. 00:25:09.899 --> 00:25:16.249 The entrance became just like if it was an explosion. 00:25:16.250 --> 00:25:18.791 That is what I used to feel, 00:25:18.792 --> 00:25:24.417 this kind of sensation that could unite a million people in a piazza. 00:25:26.375 --> 00:25:32.249 To enter in a place in which you have very angular pillars. 00:25:32.250 --> 00:25:37.250 And these pillars, when they arrive to the piazza they go in different directions. 00:25:39.042 --> 00:25:43.583 And I wanted to express another seansation I felt during this moment, 00:25:43.584 --> 00:25:48.083 is the fear that something terrible would happen. 00:27:03.334 --> 00:27:05.416 It shall be the policy of this nation 00:27:05.417 --> 00:27:07.833 to regard any nuclear missle 00:27:07.834 --> 00:27:11.666 launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western hemisphere 00:27:11.667 --> 00:27:16.166 as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States, 00:27:16.167 --> 00:27:19.416 requiring a full retaliatory response 00:27:19.417 --> 00:27:20.875 upon the Soviet Union. 00:27:20.876 --> 00:27:24.750 You know, the revolution passed from a romantical moment, 00:27:24.751 --> 00:27:27.374 after that moment it becomes a rule 00:27:27.375 --> 00:27:29.167 and it's very different, you know? 00:27:42.834 --> 00:27:46.999 More and more Cuba was near Soviet Union, 00:27:47.000 --> 00:27:52.583 more they wanted to use the same systems as the Soviet Union. 00:27:52.584 --> 00:27:55.001 And one of the systems of the Soviet Union 00:27:55.001 --> 00:27:58.799 is a very stupid system of prefabrication. 00:28:00.334 --> 00:28:02.399 And they began to make buildings 00:28:02.399 --> 00:28:05.584 and make buildings and make buildings prefabricated, 00:28:05.584 --> 00:28:07.834 which were absolutely awful. 00:30:29.292 --> 00:30:33.583 And there were ladies in the Ministry of Culture 00:30:33.584 --> 00:30:36.249 who found that it was very indecent. 00:30:36.250 --> 00:30:40.917 And for example there is water that came out from the fountain, 00:30:40.918 --> 00:30:44.876 and they said not to use the fountain anymore, to close it. 00:32:17.709 --> 00:32:22.374 And many of these students who were taken out, 00:32:22.375 --> 00:32:27.166 I continued to give classes to them in my house, 00:32:27.167 --> 00:32:29.709 because I didn't agree with the purge. 00:32:48.792 --> 00:32:52.541 I used to tell the other architects, 00:32:52.542 --> 00:32:56.917 "Don't lose your time making small details. 00:32:56.917 --> 00:33:02.499 "Try to do things fast, because perhaps one day 00:33:02.499 --> 00:33:04.999 "it's going to be stopped." 00:34:24.000 --> 00:34:27.291 You know, it's just like a process in Kafka. 00:34:27.292 --> 00:34:31.082 You think-- one day you know 00:34:31.082 --> 00:34:34.333 that something is not going very well, 00:34:34.334 --> 00:34:37.999 and then you realize that you have been accused of something, 00:34:38.000 --> 00:34:40.999 and then you realize that you have been judged, 00:34:41.000 --> 00:34:43.999 and then you realize that you are guilty, 00:34:43.999 --> 00:34:45.301 and nobody tells you. 00:36:48.542 --> 00:36:53.001 He was my chief, my boss. 00:36:53.001 --> 00:36:59.199 And of course, everything he could do against me 00:36:59.199 --> 00:37:02.299 and to speak to me in a very disagreeable way, 00:37:02.299 --> 00:37:03.999 he used to do it. 00:37:19.334 --> 00:37:22.125 I knew that something was wrong. 00:37:23.834 --> 00:37:28.666 I understood that no more was going to be built by my hand. 00:37:28.667 --> 00:37:30.792 So, I was going to lose my life. 00:37:32.792 --> 00:37:37.166 And I love my life. I don't want to lose it. 00:37:37.167 --> 00:37:39.416 Not because they are going to kill me, 00:37:39.417 --> 00:37:42.417 but because I wouldn't do anything else. 00:37:43.709 --> 00:37:46.416 I made a very individual architecture, 00:37:46.417 --> 00:37:49.333 and they wanted Soviet architecture. 00:37:49.334 --> 00:37:51.583 And as I was forbidden-- 00:37:51.584 --> 00:37:53.875 I couldn't work anymore in my architecture 00:37:53.876 --> 00:37:57.166 or I had to do awful thing as they were doing-- 00:37:57.167 --> 00:37:59.483 and I decided to leave Cuba. 00:44:02.709 --> 00:44:08.584 All the articles who came out of Cuba were written by him, for a long time. 00:44:10.834 --> 00:44:13.999 And he decided what to say, 00:44:13.999 --> 00:44:16.000 and what was moral and what was immoral. 00:44:16.000 --> 00:44:17.584 My architecture was immoral. 00:44:31.584 --> 00:44:33.490 "You are against the sex! 00:44:33.501 --> 00:44:34.650 "You are against the sex! 00:44:34.751 --> 00:44:36.249 "Why are you criticizing the sex?" 00:44:36.250 --> 00:44:39.750 And I said, "No, I am not against the sex. 00:44:39.751 --> 00:44:42.083 "I like the sex with woman, not with architecture." 00:45:29.250 --> 00:45:34.292 The school of Vittorio was almost finished, 90% finished. 00:45:36.083 --> 00:45:40.999 And the first dancer of the Cuban ballet, Alicia Alonso, 00:45:40.999 --> 00:45:44.917 one day she arrives, and she says, "I don't like it. 00:45:44.918 --> 00:45:48.001 "No more ballet here." 00:45:49.292 --> 00:45:56.416 And of course, she is the principal danseuse Ă©toile of Cuba-- 00:45:56.417 --> 00:45:58.583 she took the ballet out of Vittorio 00:45:58.584 --> 00:46:01.417 and the left the school of Vittorio die. 00:46:38.542 --> 00:46:43.999 They tried to use the school of Vittorio for circo-- 00:46:43.999 --> 00:46:46.626 for um, circo, you say circus-- 00:46:46.626 --> 00:46:49.082 for circus students, you know? 00:46:49.083 --> 00:46:52.541 All socialist countries believe very much in circuses 00:46:52.542 --> 00:46:56.917 and to send-- to make mass spectacles like Soviet circus, 00:46:56.918 --> 00:46:58.500 and they love this kind of thing. 00:46:58.501 --> 00:47:00.751 I don't like it so much, but anyway they love it. 00:49:41.584 --> 00:49:46.333 In 1989, when I was 15, 00:49:46.334 --> 00:49:49.833 I went to the Nationa School of Music in Havana. 00:49:49.834 --> 00:49:52.875 I was thankful to have the opportunity to be in the school 00:49:52.876 --> 00:49:56.751 and to upgrade myself and to develop myself into what I really wanted to do. 00:49:58.417 --> 00:50:02.833 The '80s, it was much more open artistically in Cuba, 00:50:02.834 --> 00:50:05.833 because probably the '70s was so repressed. 00:50:05.834 --> 00:50:07.082 They could not play jazz, 00:50:07.083 --> 00:50:09.751 because that was the music of the enemy. 00:50:12.250 --> 00:50:20.250 I felt I had restrictions and I felt I had freedom at the same time. 00:50:22.000 --> 00:50:24.708 The buildings were abandoned. 00:50:24.709 --> 00:50:29.416 They were in ruins, but at the same time they were used. 00:50:29.417 --> 00:50:33.999 I remember that I saw actually classes when I was walking by, 00:50:33.999 --> 00:50:35.416 and there were people. 00:50:35.417 --> 00:50:37.083 There weren't even enough chairs. 00:50:38.834 --> 00:50:41.833 The grass was coming all the way, 00:50:41.834 --> 00:50:47.374 sometimes up to the middle of one meter or two meters up to the thing. 00:50:47.375 --> 00:50:48.751 It was there, you know? 00:50:50.417 --> 00:50:54.000 You have to cut sometimes to get into places. 00:50:58.083 --> 00:51:00.999 I went to the theatre school at ISA 00:51:00.999 --> 00:51:08.167 from 1982, '83, until 1987. 00:51:09.292 --> 00:51:13.249 I think the majority of the students never think about 00:51:13.250 --> 00:51:18.001 why that school is unfinished, because you assuming-- 00:51:18.001 --> 00:51:22.667 because there are a lot of things like that also, in Cuba. 00:51:24.584 --> 00:51:27.699 When I was a student there, 00:51:27.700 --> 00:51:30.584 we could perceive that this architecture was amazing, 00:51:30.584 --> 00:51:33.083 but it was not recognized. 00:51:35.292 --> 00:51:38.750 We could sort of, like, go into the roof 00:51:38.751 --> 00:51:42.082 and walk around and explore the space-- 00:51:42.083 --> 00:51:45.833 especially the school designed by Vittorio Garatti, 00:51:45.834 --> 00:51:51.583 the ballet school, that we all thought that was the circus school. 00:51:51.584 --> 00:51:54.750 We used to party a lot in the roofs of the school. 00:51:54.751 --> 00:51:58.750 We did drink a lot of rum and had a lot of sex and girlfriends 00:51:58.751 --> 00:52:04.374 and everything else that adolescents can do when they get wild 00:52:04.375 --> 00:52:06.918 in the middle of an arts school. 00:52:09.501 --> 00:52:12.541 For me, the only thing that would be better 00:52:12.542 --> 00:52:15.500 is if the school were finished 00:52:15.501 --> 00:52:22.124 and everything else, I would say the basics of it, works, 00:52:22.125 --> 00:52:24.458 like having better quality of food. 00:52:24.459 --> 00:52:28.291 And then, you know, instruments started breaking 00:52:28.292 --> 00:52:31.999 and couldn't be fixed, and things like that. 00:52:32.000 --> 00:52:36.699 That was part of when the Eastern Europe and Russia 00:52:36.699 --> 00:52:40.999 started falling apart in their Socialist system. 00:52:41.000 --> 00:52:44.399 Then Cuba became completely on its own. 00:54:00.501 --> 00:54:05.416 And we started seeing all these people saying "bye" to each other. 00:54:05.417 --> 00:54:07.999 So many people died 00:54:08.000 --> 00:54:11.501 just trying to cross, you know, from Cuba to Miami. 00:55:46.083 --> 00:55:50.750 They are very poor and they cannot-- they have not a house. 00:55:50.751 --> 00:55:52.599 Nobody gives them a house. 00:55:52.841 --> 00:55:54.841 They have not the possibility to have a house, 00:55:55.083 --> 00:55:59.001 so they have to build with pieces of wood that they find somewhere. 00:55:59.834 --> 00:56:04.083 Small little houses, single room for a whole family, 00:56:05.626 --> 00:56:06.499 and they build it. 00:56:06.500 --> 00:56:07.999 And they need something, 00:56:07.999 --> 00:56:11.299 they need some wood or something like that, and they steal it. 00:56:13.209 --> 00:56:14.899 I understand them. 00:58:55.542 --> 00:58:59.001 It was 1966 that I left Cuba. 00:59:00.542 --> 00:59:04.999 I couldn't take anything with me-- nothing. 00:59:06.334 --> 00:59:09.999 And I arrived to Paris, I didn't know even that evening 00:59:09.999 --> 00:59:12.001 where I was going to sleep. 00:59:13.167 --> 00:59:17.082 And then little by little, France was very, very good for me 00:59:17.083 --> 00:59:20.000 and in a very short time I was professor. 00:59:24.459 --> 00:59:30.208 In France I have never done buildings that are not social. 00:59:30.209 --> 00:59:31.958 I use prefabrication, 00:59:31.959 --> 00:59:35.416 and even if it is very low budget 00:59:35.417 --> 00:59:37.334 I try to put imagination in it. 00:59:55.375 --> 00:59:59.917 I can have a European mentality, 00:59:59.918 --> 01:00:03.167 but I have my unconscious in Cuba. 01:02:50.083 --> 01:02:52.917 The tour guides were not being cooperative, 01:02:52.918 --> 01:02:54.999 and they came up with a whole series of reasons-- 01:02:55.000 --> 01:02:56.750 you know, the bus didn't have enough gas 01:02:56.751 --> 01:02:58.124 or they're too far away 01:02:58.125 --> 01:03:00.250 or we'll be interrupting classes. 01:03:12.626 --> 01:03:15.333 And he said, "Look, if you're really interested in learning about them, 01:03:15.334 --> 01:03:17.918 "I'll come and pick you up tomorrow and take you out there." 01:03:29.626 --> 01:03:32.541 I think one of the most profound things that Roberto said, 01:03:32.542 --> 01:03:35.374 that really resonated, as he was walking through them 01:03:35.375 --> 01:03:37.958 he says, well, despite the poor treatment 01:03:37.959 --> 01:03:39.708 and despite the deterioration, 01:03:39.709 --> 01:03:42.291 he felt that the schools still embodied 01:03:42.292 --> 01:03:45.999 all the hope for the future and all the enthusiasm 01:03:46.000 --> 01:03:49.042 that they had at the beginning of their design. 01:03:51.334 --> 01:03:56.000 Thus began the whole saga of how the book came about. 01:04:21.283 --> 01:04:22.625 And Victor said, 01:04:22.626 --> 01:04:26.791 "Well, you have to go visit the National Schools of Art." 01:04:26.792 --> 01:04:29.458 And he made-- he took us there, literally. 01:04:29.459 --> 01:04:31.541 And at that time it was very easy to go there. 01:04:31.542 --> 01:04:33.541 It was all open, so we just went in 01:04:33.542 --> 01:04:36.541 and met some students, walked around, 01:04:36.542 --> 01:04:39.583 and we said this is absolutely something to be preserved. 01:04:39.584 --> 01:04:41.541 Why isn't it being preserved? 01:04:41.542 --> 01:04:45.791 I mean, this is extremely interesting and incredible architecture. 01:04:45.792 --> 01:04:47.750 And Victor explained that at that time 01:04:47.751 --> 01:04:49.458 the county was not so interested. 01:04:49.459 --> 01:04:53.583 It wasn't paying that much attention to that kind of architecture, 01:04:53.584 --> 01:04:55.417 and in particular to the Schools of Art. 01:05:09.792 --> 01:05:11.758 The National Schools of Art 01:05:11.759 --> 01:05:16.416 were one of the first modern sites that came into our Watch List, 01:05:16.417 --> 01:05:21.209 and I think by far one of the most important we have today. 01:05:39.000 --> 01:05:43.000 Then I thought, okay, now we're gonna really to try to do something. 01:05:44.209 --> 01:05:46.500 Unfortunately, because of the embargo 01:05:46.501 --> 01:05:50.333 we were not able to actually fund work at the site directly, 01:05:50.334 --> 01:05:52.417 which-- that was the intention, 01:05:52.417 --> 01:05:55.001 that's what we really would have liked to do at that time. 01:06:08.899 --> 01:06:13.999 If our hands were untied in order to be able to support sites in Cuba, 01:06:13.999 --> 01:06:15.999 we would jump at the opportunity. 01:06:56.167 --> 01:07:01.124 There was a reunion at the Union of Artists and Writers 01:07:01.125 --> 01:07:06.416 about what they were going to teach in high school. 01:08:30.000 --> 01:08:33.999 And he said, "You know, that was an awful, stupid man 01:08:33.999 --> 01:08:39.959 "who told me during all these years that this was bad architecture. 01:08:39.959 --> 01:08:44.708 "And you can be sure that it was just like my eyes-- 01:08:44.709 --> 01:08:47.334 "nothing I love more than this architecture." 01:08:58.334 --> 01:09:02.750 They convinced him that what they have to do 01:09:02.751 --> 01:09:03.951 was Soviet Union architecture, 01:09:05.250 --> 01:09:07.750 and now they realize that all these prefabricates 01:09:07.751 --> 01:09:13.001 are not adapted to the humid climate and it's a disaster what they did. 01:09:15.125 --> 01:09:17.374 And I think he changed of mind. 01:09:17.375 --> 01:09:18.917 But you can change of mind, 01:09:18.918 --> 01:09:22.042 I have change of mind so many times in my life. 01:10:38.209 --> 01:10:42.958 One day, Selma Diaz called me and said, 01:10:42.959 --> 01:10:45.958 "Ricardo, do you trust me?" 01:10:45.959 --> 01:10:48.750 I said, "Yes Selma, of course I trust you." 01:10:48.751 --> 01:10:50.958 "And would you do anything I ask you?" 01:10:50.959 --> 01:10:53.875 "Yes, I would do anything you ask me." 01:10:53.876 --> 01:10:59.999 And she said, "You go tomorrow-- no, you go today to Air France 01:10:59.999 --> 01:11:03.208 "and you buy the ticket for the first plane coming to Havana, 01:11:03.209 --> 01:11:05.416 "and you come." 01:11:05.417 --> 01:11:07.541 I said, "But what for?" 01:11:07.542 --> 01:11:08.791 She said, "You trust me?" 01:11:08.792 --> 01:11:10.249 "Yes, I trust you." 01:11:10.250 --> 01:11:11.542 "So, do it!" 01:11:24.083 --> 01:11:26.708 I began my lecture saying, 01:11:26.709 --> 01:11:33.625 "Ricardo Porro has been a very criticized man. 01:11:33.626 --> 01:11:37.166 "But believe me, only idiots are not criticized, 01:11:37.167 --> 01:11:41.042 "and they were giving me my place. 01:11:41.042 --> 01:11:42.999 "Thank you very much." 01:11:43.000 --> 01:11:44.959 And I began my lecture. 01:11:53.250 --> 01:11:54.751 Okay, so here we are. 01:12:43.083 --> 01:12:46.082 They made a lot of very beautiful speeches 01:12:46.083 --> 01:12:49.917 about my schools of art, which I am grateful. 01:12:49.918 --> 01:12:52.542 And they are restoring my schools of art. 01:13:14.417 --> 01:13:16.082 This is a very beautiful classroom. 01:13:16.083 --> 01:13:18.292 This is the mural painting classroom. 01:13:49.918 --> 01:13:53.899 That is what I want-- a goddess of fertility, 01:13:53.899 --> 01:13:56.834 to be a goddess of fertility for the young people. 01:14:25.501 --> 01:14:29.899 They have made a restoration which I don't approve totally. 01:14:29.899 --> 01:14:32.416 I think they have made awful things. 01:14:32.417 --> 01:14:34.751 But anyway, they are still alive 01:14:36.667 --> 01:14:40.209 and they can stand for many years. 01:19:01.292 --> 01:19:04.625 It doesn't matter if you don't know about architecture. 01:19:04.626 --> 01:19:07.917 You know you are in a special place. 01:19:07.918 --> 01:19:11.291 And you can feel that, you can feel that energy. 01:19:11.292 --> 01:19:15.917 And I think that's what the architects wanted to do 01:19:15.918 --> 01:19:17.417 and understood. |
00:00:56.542 --> 00:00:58.500 Tuve fé en la revolución. 00:00:58.501 --> 00:01:01.417 Era joven y creía en ella. 00:01:45.584 --> 00:01:46.792 Cuba es libre. 00:01:48.334 --> 00:01:51.417 Se ha derrocado al odiado régimen de Batista. 00:01:52.834 --> 00:01:55.125 Ahora veremos los frutos de un nuevo gobierno. 00:01:57.584 --> 00:01:59.791 Los habaneros se vuelcan a la calle 00:01:59.792 --> 00:02:01.334 a recibir a los libertadores. 00:02:02.542 --> 00:02:03.751 Es un nuevo amanecer. 00:02:05.375 --> 00:02:10.291 La revolución fue una bellísima idea, cambiarlo todo, 00:02:10.292 --> 00:02:12.124 oponerse a los dictadores 00:02:12.125 --> 00:02:14.291 para establecer una auténtica democracia 00:02:14.292 --> 00:02:18.459 y un gobierno realmente honrado. 00:04:07.250 --> 00:04:11.458 Un día, muy al principio de la revolución, 00:04:11.459 --> 00:04:15.416 Fidel Castro se apareció en el Country Club 00:04:15.417 --> 00:04:19.416 del que Fidel no era socio, 00:04:19.417 --> 00:04:20.999 con el Ché Guevara 00:04:21.000 --> 00:04:23.834 y decidieron jugar al golf. 00:04:26.292 --> 00:04:30.918 Era el club más exclusivo de La Habana. 00:04:32.459 --> 00:04:34.833 Los pocos viejos miembros que estaban jugando golf 00:04:34.834 --> 00:04:36.375 se horrorizaron. 00:04:40.375 --> 00:04:43.458 De repente, mientras jugaban, dice Fidel, 00:04:43.459 --> 00:04:48.333 \"Ché, imagínate lo que sería traer a cientos de jovenes 00:04:48.334 --> 00:04:53.709 a estudiar arte en este espléndido paisaje.\" 00:04:56.375 --> 00:05:01.500 Terminado el partido, cada uno se fue en su automovil. 00:05:01.501 --> 00:05:04.917 En el trayecto Fidel reconoció a una mujer 00:05:04.918 --> 00:05:06.500 que caminaba por la calle. 00:05:06.501 --> 00:05:09.209 Era una arquitecta y gran revolucionaria. 00:05:10.667 --> 00:05:14.834 Le dice al chofer, \"Párate ahí.\" 00:05:49.334 --> 00:05:51.166 Selma lo dijo que si. 00:05:51.167 --> 00:05:54.750 Y aquel dia, habia un cocktail en mi casa. 00:05:54.751 --> 00:05:56.999 Y habian muchos amigos mios. 00:05:57.000 --> 00:06:01.167 De repente, Selma llegó a mi casa sin invitación. 00:06:13.417 --> 00:06:18.249 No había limitaciones, ni de presupuesto ni de nada. 00:06:18.250 --> 00:06:20.416 \"Claro que me encanta.\" 00:06:20.417 --> 00:06:21.625 \"¿Quieres hacerlo?\" 00:06:21.626 --> 00:06:23.416 \"Sí, claro que quiero.\" 00:06:23.417 --> 00:06:30.416 \"Pues tienes dos meses para terminar el proyecto 00:06:30.417 --> 00:06:31.958 y empezar la construcción.\" 00:06:31.959 --> 00:06:34.249 \"Imposible.\" 00:06:34.250 --> 00:06:37.166 \"Lo tomas o lo dejas.\" 00:06:37.167 --> 00:06:38.959 I said, \"Lo tomo.\" 00:06:41.501 --> 00:06:44.125 Era evidente que no era possible. 00:06:45.667 --> 00:06:53.583 Se trataba de cinco enormes escuelas de arte. 00:06:53.584 --> 00:07:01.374 Así que decidí llamar a dos arquitectos amigos, 00:07:01.375 --> 00:07:03.416 dos arquitectos italianos que estaban en Cuba: 00:07:03.417 --> 00:07:07.167 Vittorio Garatti y Roberto Gottardi. 00:07:19.834 --> 00:07:22.583 Participé en la revolución, 00:07:22.584 --> 00:07:24.249 pero no estuve en la lucha armada. 00:07:24.250 --> 00:07:26.708 Yo nunca luché con armas. 00:07:26.709 --> 00:07:30.208 No creo ser de los que luchan con armas. 00:07:30.209 --> 00:07:32.417 Yo solo sé luchar con ideas. 00:08:58.584 --> 00:08:59.875 Era natural. 00:08:59.876 --> 00:09:01.834 Para Cuba queríamos algo nuevo. 00:12:41.584 --> 00:12:46.500 Trabajamos noche y día 00:12:46.501 --> 00:12:49.583 y a los dos meses 00:12:49.584 --> 00:12:51.751 el proyecto estaba listo para construir. 00:13:25.542 --> 00:13:30.291 Quisimos usar al máximo materiales de tierra 00:13:30.292 --> 00:13:34.458 ya que en aquel momento el ladrillo era lo más barato 00:13:34.459 --> 00:13:36.918 y había poco cemento. 00:14:43.876 --> 00:14:50.249 Contruía un arco con la forma, digamos, de la bóveda de cañon. 00:14:50.250 --> 00:14:51.875 Ponía una loceta, 00:14:51.876 --> 00:14:59.876 le pegaba otra con un cemento de secado rápido. 00:15:00.501 --> 00:15:08.501 Así hacía una capa y luego otra hasta tener cinco. 00:15:09.834 --> 00:15:11.709 Así lo hacía. 00:23:29.751 --> 00:23:37.249 A los 18 años conocí al pintor Wifredo Lam. 00:23:37.250 --> 00:23:39.999 Tenía su pintura en mente 00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:46.249 cuando traté de expresar el mundo negro de Cuba. 00:23:46.250 --> 00:23:50.750 Quise hacer la escuela de artes plásticas 00:23:50.751 --> 00:23:56.333 como imagen de la diosa de la fertilidad llamada Ochún. 00:23:56.334 --> 00:24:03.584 Hice las bóvedas como imagen de senos. 00:24:05.292 --> 00:24:07.584 Los senos de una mujer. 00:24:08.834 --> 00:24:13.291 Concebí la obra como una pequeña ciudad 00:24:13.292 --> 00:24:16.876 con calles estrechas y una plaza central 00:24:20.125 --> 00:24:27.333 donde hice una escultura en forma de papaya, 00:24:27.334 --> 00:24:32.125 fruta que en Cuba tiene una connotación sexual, femenina. 00:24:34.250 --> 00:24:37.374 No soy un arquitecto abstracto. 00:24:37.375 --> 00:24:39.709 Soy un arquitecto figurativo. 00:24:46.876 --> 00:24:51.166 Para mi concebir las escuelas de arte 00:24:51.167 --> 00:24:54.917 fue una revolución interior. 00:24:54.918 --> 00:24:58.459 Era el momento romántico de la revolución. 00:25:00.542 --> 00:25:03.208 Quería expresar algo nuevo, 00:25:03.209 --> 00:25:09.625 la atmósfera que viví en Cuba en aquel momento. 00:25:09.626 --> 00:25:16.249 La entrada es como una explosión. 00:25:16.250 --> 00:25:18.791 Es lo que se sentía, 00:25:18.792 --> 00:25:22.124 lo que hacía possible que se reunieran 00:25:22.125 --> 00:25:24.417 un millón de personas en una plaza. 00:25:26.375 --> 00:25:32.249 De allí se pasa a una calle con pilares muy angulares. 00:25:32.250 --> 00:25:37.250 Alrededor la plaza apuntan en distintas direcciones. 00:25:39.042 --> 00:25:43.583 Allí quise expresar otra sensación que se tenía, 00:25:43.584 --> 00:25:48.083 el temor a que pasara algo trágico. 00:27:03.334 --> 00:27:05.416 Será politica de esta nación 00:27:05.417 --> 00:27:07.833 a considerar cualquier misil nuclear 00:27:07.834 --> 00:27:09.917 lanzado desde Cuba contra cualquier nacion 00:27:09.918 --> 00:27:11.666 del hemisferio occidental 00:27:11.667 --> 00:27:14.333 come un ataque contra la Unión Soviética 00:27:14.334 --> 00:27:16.166 en los Estados Unidos, 00:27:16.167 --> 00:27:19.416 lo que requiere una respuesta completa de represalia 00:27:19.417 --> 00:27:20.875 contra la Unión Soviética. 00:27:20.876 --> 00:27:24.750 La revolución tuvo su etapa romántica. 00:27:24.751 --> 00:27:27.374 Después se convirtiô en reglamento, 00:27:27.375 --> 00:27:29.167 lo que es muy distinto, sabes… 00:27:42.834 --> 00:27:46.999 Mientras más se acercaba Cuba a la Unión Soviética 00:27:47.000 --> 00:27:52.583 más se quiso utilizar los sistemas soviéticos 00:27:52.584 --> 00:27:58.375 y, entre ellos, un sistema de prefabricación estúpido. 00:28:00.334 --> 00:28:05.583 Empezaron a contruir edificio tras edificio prefabricado, 00:28:05.584 --> 00:28:07.834 todos absolutamente espantosos. 00:30:29.292 --> 00:30:33.583 Algunas señoras del Ministerio de Cultura consideraron 00:30:33.584 --> 00:30:36.249 que era indecente. 00:30:36.250 --> 00:30:40.917 Exigieron que se cerrara la salida del agua. 00:30:40.918 --> 00:30:44.876 Dejó de ser fuente. 00:32:17.709 --> 00:32:22.374 A muchos de los expulsados de la Escuela de Arquitectura 00:32:22.375 --> 00:32:27.166 seguí dándoles clases en mi casa 00:32:27.167 --> 00:32:29.709 porque no estaba de acuerdo con esa medida. 00:32:48.792 --> 00:32:52.541 A los dos otros arquitectos les decía, 00:32:52.542 --> 00:32:56.917 \"No pierdan tiempo en los detalles. 00:32:56.918 --> 00:33:03.876 Dense prisa, que puede llegar el día en que paralicen la obra.\" 00:34:24.000 --> 00:34:27.291 Es como \"El Proceso\" de Kafka. 00:34:27.292 --> 00:34:29.082 Un día uno cree, 00:34:29.083 --> 00:34:34.333 un día ya sabe que hay algo que no anda bien 00:34:34.334 --> 00:34:37.999 y luego se da cuenta de que lo han acusado de algo 00:34:38.000 --> 00:34:40.999 y después se da cuenta de que ha sido juzgado, 00:34:41.000 --> 00:34:45.334 y luego que ha sido condenado, pero nadie le dice nada. 00:36:48.542 --> 00:36:56.542 Era mi superior, mi jefe y, como era de esperar, 00:36:57.792 --> 00:37:00.958 hizo todo lo que pudo hacer contra mí 00:37:00.959 --> 00:37:03.876 y me hablaba de manera muy desagradable. 00:37:19.334 --> 00:37:22.125 Sabía que algo andaba mal. 00:37:23.834 --> 00:37:28.666 Comprendí que nunca volvería a construir. 00:37:28.667 --> 00:37:30.792 Iba a sacrificar mi vida... 00:37:32.792 --> 00:37:37.166 a la que le tengo mucho apego y que no quiero perder. 00:37:37.167 --> 00:37:39.416 No porque me fueran a matar 00:37:39.417 --> 00:37:42.417 sino porque no tendría nada que hacer. 00:37:43.709 --> 00:37:46.416 Mi arquitectura es muy personal 00:37:46.417 --> 00:37:49.333 y ellos querían la arquitectura a lo soviético. 00:37:49.334 --> 00:37:51.583 Como estaba prohibido, 00:37:51.584 --> 00:37:53.875 ya no podría hacer arquitectura 00:37:53.876 --> 00:37:57.166 o tendría que hacer los horrores que se construían. 00:37:57.167 --> 00:37:59.083 Decidí salir de Cuba. 00:44:02.709 --> 00:44:05.082 Durante muchos años todos los artículos que salieron de Cuba 00:44:05.083 --> 00:44:08.584 los escribió él. 00:44:10.834 --> 00:44:15.999 Decidía lo que se decía, lo que era moral o inmoral. 00:44:16.000 --> 00:44:17.584 Mi arquitectura era inmoral. 00:44:31.584 --> 00:44:33.500 \"¡Estás contra el sexo! 00:44:33.501 --> 00:44:34.750 \"¡Estás contra el sexo! 00:44:34.751 --> 00:44:36.249 ¿Por qué criticas el sexo?\" 00:44:36.250 --> 00:44:39.750 Contesté, \"No, no estoy contra el sexo. 00:44:39.751 --> 00:44:42.083 Me gusta con una mujer, no con la arquitectura.\" 00:45:29.250 --> 00:45:32.416 La escuela de Vittorio estaba casi terminada. 00:45:32.417 --> 00:45:34.292 El 90% estaba hecho. 00:45:36.083 --> 00:45:39.291 Un buen día llegó la prima ballerina del Ballet de Cuba, 00:45:39.292 --> 00:45:44.917 Alicia Alonso, y dijo \"No me gusta. 00:45:44.918 --> 00:45:49.291 Mi escuela no va a estar aquí.\" 00:45:49.292 --> 00:45:56.416 Y como era la directora del Ballet Nacional, 00:45:56.417 --> 00:45:58.583 lo sacó de la escuela que hizó Vittorio 00:45:58.584 --> 00:46:01.417 y dejó que muriera! 00:46:38.542 --> 00:46:46.542 Trataron de usar la escuela de Vittoro para el circo, 00:46:46.626 --> 00:46:49.082 como escuela de circo. 00:46:49.083 --> 00:46:52.541 A los paises socialistas les gusta el circo. 00:46:52.542 --> 00:46:56.917 Le organizan giras al circo soviético, al circo chino. 00:46:56.918 --> 00:46:58.500 Les encanta. 00:46:58.501 --> 00:47:00.751 A mi no me gusta tanto, pero a ellos les encanta. 00:49:41.584 --> 00:49:46.333 En 1989, a los 15 años, 00:49:46.334 --> 00:49:49.833 fui a la Escuela Nacional de Música en La Habana. 00:49:49.834 --> 00:49:52.875 Agradecí tener la posibilidad de estar en la escuela, 00:49:52.876 --> 00:49:56.751 de superarme y desarrollarme en lo que quería hacer. 00:49:58.417 --> 00:50:02.833 Los \'80 fueron mucho más abiertos en lo artístico, 00:50:02.834 --> 00:50:05.833 quizás en relación con lo represivo que fueron los \'70. 00:50:05.834 --> 00:50:07.082 Ellos no podían tocar jazz 00:50:07.083 --> 00:50:09.751 porque era la música del enemigo. 00:50:12.250 --> 00:50:20.250 Sentía que habia restricciones pero a la vez me sentía libre. 00:50:22.000 --> 00:50:24.708 Los edificios estaban abandonados. 00:50:24.709 --> 00:50:29.416 Eran ruinas pero se usaban. 00:50:29.417 --> 00:50:32.416 Recuerdo haber visto al pasar aulas 00:50:32.417 --> 00:50:35.416 donde se estaban dando clases. 00:50:35.417 --> 00:50:37.083 Ni siquiera alcanzaban las sillas. 00:50:38.834 --> 00:50:41.833 La maleza las iba invadiendo. 00:50:41.834 --> 00:50:47.374 Iba avanzando. Hasta un metro, dos metros. 00:50:47.375 --> 00:50:48.751 Era así. 00:50:50.417 --> 00:50:54.000 A veces había que cortar la maleza para poder entrar. 00:50:58.083 --> 00:51:00.166 Yo estuve en la escuela de teatro 00:51:00.167 --> 00:51:08.167 desde 1982, \'83 hasta el 87. 00:51:09.292 --> 00:51:13.249 Creo que la mayoría de los alumnos nunca se preguntó 00:51:13.250 --> 00:51:16.750 por qué la escuela no se había terminado 00:51:16.751 --> 00:51:22.667 ya que hay muchas cosas en Cuba donde sucede lo mismo. 00:51:24.584 --> 00:51:30.583 Yo me daba cuenta de que la arquitectura era extraordinaria, 00:51:30.584 --> 00:51:33.083 pero no se reconocía. 00:51:35.292 --> 00:51:38.750 A veces subíamos al techo, 00:51:38.751 --> 00:51:42.082 caminábamos por ahí explorando el espacio, 00:51:42.083 --> 00:51:45.833 sobre todo en la escuela diseñada por Vittorio Garatti, 00:51:45.834 --> 00:51:47.416 la escuela de ballet 00:51:47.417 --> 00:51:51.583 que todos creíamos que era la escuela de circo. 00:51:51.584 --> 00:51:54.750 Armábamos fiestas en los techos de la escuela. 00:51:54.751 --> 00:51:58.750 Sí que tomamos mucho ron y hicimos mucho el amor 00:51:58.751 --> 00:52:04.374 y todo lo que hacen los adolescentes cuando se desatan, 00:52:04.375 --> 00:52:06.918 y todo eso en plena escuela de arte. 00:52:09.501 --> 00:52:12.541 Para mi lo único que hubiera podido ser mejor 00:52:12.542 --> 00:52:15.500 es que se terminaran de construir las escuelas 00:52:15.501 --> 00:52:22.124 y por lo demás que lo básico funcionara, 00:52:22.125 --> 00:52:24.458 como que la comida fuera mejor. 00:52:24.459 --> 00:52:28.291 Después los instrumentos empezaron a estropiarse 00:52:28.292 --> 00:52:31.999 y no se podían arreglar, cosas así. 00:52:32.000 --> 00:52:34.625 En parte fue lo que pasó 00:52:34.626 --> 00:52:39.124 cuando Europa del Este y Rusia empezaron a desmoronarse, 00:52:39.125 --> 00:52:41.166 bueno, el sistema socialista. 00:52:41.167 --> 00:52:44.459 Entonces Cuba tuvo que arreglárselas por su cuenta. 00:54:00.501 --> 00:54:05.416 Empezamos a ver a tanta gente despidiéndose, 00:54:05.417 --> 00:54:07.999 y fueron muchos los que murieron 00:54:08.000 --> 00:54:11.501 tratando de cruzar de Cuba a Miami. 00:55:46.083 --> 00:55:50.750 Son muy pobres, no tienen donde vivir. 00:55:50.751 --> 00:55:55.082 Nadie les da una casa. 00:55:55.083 --> 00:55:57.416 Construyen su casa con los pedazos de madera 00:55:57.417 --> 00:55:59.833 que consiguen donde pueden. 00:55:59.834 --> 00:56:04.083 Son chozas de un solo espacio donde vive toda una familia. 00:56:05.626 --> 00:56:11.667 Cuando necesitan madera o cualquier otra cosa, la roban. 00:56:13.292 --> 00:56:14.459 Yo los entiendo. 00:58:55.542 --> 00:59:00.541 Me fui de Cuba en 1966 00:59:00.542 --> 00:59:02.999 y no pude llevarme nada. 00:59:03.000 --> 00:59:04.334 Pero nada. 00:59:05.751 --> 00:59:08.708 Cuando llegué a París ni siquiera sabía 00:59:08.709 --> 00:59:11.375 donde iba a dormir esa noche. 00:59:13.167 --> 00:59:17.082 Pero con el tiempo, Francia se portó muy, muy bien conmigo. 00:59:17.083 --> 00:59:20.000 Muy pronto llegué a ser profesor. 00:59:24.459 --> 00:59:30.208 En Francia sólo he construido edificios sociales. 00:59:30.209 --> 00:59:31.958 Muchas veces uso elementos prefabricados. 00:59:31.959 --> 00:59:35.416 Aunque el presupuesto sea muy bajo, 00:59:35.417 --> 00:59:37.334 trabajo con imaginación. 00:59:55.375 --> 00:59:59.917 Mi mentalidad es europea 00:59:59.918 --> 01:00:03.167 pero mi inconsciente es cubano. 01:02:50.083 --> 01:02:52.917 Los guias de turismo no cooperaron. 01:02:52.918 --> 01:02:54.999 Encontraban todo tipo de razones: 01:02:55.000 --> 01:02:56.750 el autobus no tenía gasolina, 01:02:56.751 --> 01:02:58.124 estábamos muy lejos 01:02:58.125 --> 01:03:00.250 o que íbamos a interrumpir las clases. 01:03:12.626 --> 01:03:15.333 Nos dijo, \"Si de veras quieren conocerlas, 01:03:15.334 --> 01:03:17.918 mañana paso a recogerlos y los llevo.\" 01:03:29.626 --> 01:03:32.541 Pienso que una de las cosas más profundas que Roberto nos dijo 01:03:32.542 --> 01:03:35.374 mientras caminábamos por ellas, la que tuvo más resonacia en mí, 01:03:35.375 --> 01:03:37.958 fue cuando dijo que a pesar del maltrato 01:03:37.959 --> 01:03:39.708 y del deterioro 01:03:39.709 --> 01:03:42.291 sentía que las escuelas seguían encarnando 01:03:42.292 --> 01:03:45.999 toda la esperanza en el futuro y todo el entusiasmo 01:03:46.000 --> 01:03:49.042 que tuvieron desde que empezaron a diseñarlas. 01:03:51.334 --> 01:03:56.000 Así comenzo la saga que produjo el libro. 01:04:21.083 --> 01:04:22.625 Victor dijo, 01:04:22.626 --> 01:04:26.791 \"Tienen que visitar las Escuelas Nacionales de Arte,\" 01:04:26.792 --> 01:04:29.458 nos obligó y nos llevó. 01:04:29.459 --> 01:04:31.541 En aquel momento era muy fácil. 01:04:31.542 --> 01:04:33.541 Todo estaba abierto así que entramos 01:04:33.542 --> 01:04:34.917 y conocimos a algunos alumnos, 01:04:34.918 --> 01:04:36.541 nos paseamos 01:04:36.542 --> 01:04:39.583 y nos dijimos que era imprecindible preservarlas. 01:04:39.584 --> 01:04:41.541 \"¿Y por qué no se ha conservado? 01:04:41.542 --> 01:04:43.791 \"Pero si es una arquitectura 01:04:43.792 --> 01:04:45.791 sumamente interesante, increible.\" 01:04:45.792 --> 01:04:47.750 Victor nos explicó que en ese momento al país 01:04:47.751 --> 01:04:49.458 no le interesaba tanto. 01:04:49.459 --> 01:04:53.583 No le prestaba gran atención a ese tipo de arquitectura 01:04:53.584 --> 01:04:55.417 y en particular a las Escuelas de Arte. 01:05:09.792 --> 01:05:11.958 Las Escuelas Nacionales de Arte fueron uno 01:05:11.959 --> 01:05:13.458 de los primeros monumentos modernos 01:05:13.459 --> 01:05:16.416 que incluimos en nuestra Lista 01:05:16.417 --> 01:05:18.249 y pienso que es, sin lugar a duda, 01:05:18.250 --> 01:05:21.209 uno de los más importantes de la actual. 01:05:39.000 --> 01:05:44.208 Entoces me dije, \"Ahora sí que vamos a intentar hacer algo.\" 01:05:44.209 --> 01:05:46.500 Desgraciadamente no pudimos, por el embargo. 01:05:46.501 --> 01:05:50.333 No podíamos financiar las obras directamente 01:05:50.334 --> 01:05:55.417 que es lo queríamos hacer. 01:06:08.417 --> 01:06:12.875 Si tuvieramos mano libre para poder dar apoyo 01:06:12.876 --> 01:06:16.042 a sitios en Cuba, nos lanzaríamos de inmediato. 01:06:56.167 --> 01:07:01.124 Hubo una reunion en la Unión de Escritores y Artistas 01:07:01.125 --> 01:07:04.416 para ver lo que se iba a enseñar a los alumnos 01:07:04.417 --> 01:07:06.918 de la escuela secundaria. 01:08:30.000 --> 01:08:36.500 Dijo, \"Hay un imbécil que durante años 01:08:36.501 --> 01:08:39.958 \"me dijo que esta arquitectura era mala 01:08:39.959 --> 01:08:44.708 \"y yo les aseguro que era la niña de mis ojos. 01:08:44.709 --> 01:08:47.334 Nada me gusta más que esta arquitectura.\" 01:08:58.334 --> 01:09:02.750 Lo convenció de que lo que tenía que construir 01:09:02.751 --> 01:09:03.951 era la arquitectura soviética. 01:09:05.250 --> 01:09:07.750 Y todos los edificios prefabricados, 01:09:07.751 --> 01:09:11.124 que no fueron adaptados para el clima de Cuba, 01:09:11.125 --> 01:09:13.417 han sido un desastre. 01:09:15.125 --> 01:09:17.374 Creo que cambió de opinión. 01:09:17.375 --> 01:09:18.917 Se puede cambiar de opinión. 01:09:18.918 --> 01:09:22.042 He cambiado de opinión tantas veces en mi vida. 01:10:38.209 --> 01:10:42.458 Un día, Selma Díaz me llamó 01:10:42.459 --> 01:10:45.958 y me dijo, \"Ricardo, ¿confías en mi?\" 01:10:45.959 --> 01:10:48.750 Le dije, \"Sí, Selma, por supuesto, confío en ti.\" 01:10:48.751 --> 01:10:50.958 \"Y, ¿podría hacer cualquier cosa que te pedí?\" 01:10:50.959 --> 01:10:53.875 \"Sí, claro.\" 01:10:53.876 --> 01:10:56.458 Y ella dijo, \"Tienes que ir mañana, 01:10:56.459 --> 01:10:58.082 \"no, tienes que ir hoy, 01:10:58.083 --> 01:11:01.124 \"al Air France, y comprar un billete 01:11:01.125 --> 01:11:03.208 \"para el primer avión que va a La Habana. 01:11:03.209 --> 01:11:05.416 Y ven aquí.\" 01:11:05.417 --> 01:11:07.541 Le dije, \"Pero, ¿para qué?\" 01:11:07.542 --> 01:11:08.791 Ella dijo, \"Tú confías en me?\" 01:11:08.792 --> 01:11:10.249 \"Sí, confio en ti!\" 01:11:10.250 --> 01:11:11.542 \"Así que hazlo.\" 01:11:24.083 --> 01:11:26.708 Empezé mi conferencia diciendo, 01:11:26.709 --> 01:11:33.625 \"Ricardo Porro ha sido un hombre muy criticado 01:11:33.626 --> 01:11:37.166 pero créanme, a los únicos a quienes no se critica 01:11:37.167 --> 01:11:41.041 son a los idiotas, y me estaban dando mi lugar. 01:11:41.042 --> 01:11:42.999 Muchas gracias.\" 01:11:43.000 --> 01:11:44.959 Y empezé la conferencia. 01:11:53.250 --> 01:11:54.751 Si, aquí estamos. 01:12:43.083 --> 01:12:46.082 Hicieron unos discursos muy halagadores 01:12:46.083 --> 01:12:49.917 sobre mis escuelas de arte, lo que agradezco. 01:12:49.918 --> 01:12:52.542 Y están restaurando mis escuelas. 01:13:14.417 --> 01:13:16.082 Es un aula muy bella. 01:13:16.083 --> 01:13:18.292 Es el taller de murales. 01:13:49.918 --> 01:13:51.416 Es lo que quiero, 01:13:51.417 --> 01:13:56.834 ser una diosa de fertilidad para los jóvenes. 01:14:25.501 --> 01:14:27.041 Se hizo una restauración 01:14:27.042 --> 01:14:29.166 con la que no estoy enteramente de acuerdo. 01:14:29.167 --> 01:14:32.416 Agregaron cosas que me parecen espantosas. 01:14:32.417 --> 01:14:34.751 Pero las escuelas están vivas 01:14:36.667 --> 01:14:40.209 y ahí estarán durante muchos años. 01:19:01.292 --> 01:19:04.625 No importa que uno no sepa nada de arquitectura. 01:19:04.626 --> 01:19:07.917 Se siente que se está en un lugar especial, 01:19:07.918 --> 01:19:11.291 se siente esa energía. 01:19:11.292 --> 01:19:15.917 Creo que es lo que los arquitectos quisieron hacer, 01:19:15.918 --> 01:19:17.417 lo que comprendieron. |
Distributor: Bullfrog Films
Length: 86 minutes
Date: 2012
Genre: Expository
Language: English; Spanish / English subtitles
Grade: Grades 9-12, College, Adults
Color/BW:
Closed Captioning: Available
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