WEBVTT

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Other people may look at the same facts
and come to a different conclusion.

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Obviously, they have but that
represents my view as president.

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In some areas involving the national
interest, the news would be worse

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before it gets better. And I think that the American
people might just as well realize that. Yeah.

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[sil.]

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Talked about and read stories of 7-50,000
thousand guerrillas operating in Vietnam,

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killing 2,000 civil… civil officers a year,

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2,000 police officers to year, 4,000.
Now there\'s been an election

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in Vietnam, in which 75% of
the people or 80% to endorse

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the government and yet we read how Vietnam is
in danger because of the guerrilla operations

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carried on by this small well-disciplined,
well-supplied across the border,

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uh… group of guerrillas, how we fight

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that kind of a problem, which is going
to be with us all through this decade

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seems to me to be the one of the great
problems now before the United States.

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[music]

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The issue of what Kennedy might have
done in Vietnam is both fascinating

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and potentially important. I
like to call it virtual history.

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Professional historians traditionally called it counterfactual
history. I suppose because there\'s factual history

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that is the story of what happened and
then there\'s an infinite number of stories

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about what didn\'t happen that would be your counterfactual
history. The most famous example of this one

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that usually held up by people who
don\'t like the idea of an effect

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writing the history that didn\'t happen is to suppose
that history would have been far… far different

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if Cleopatra had… had a longer nose, and
Marc Antony had taken an interest in her

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and the whole story of the Roman empire would be different
and if the story of the Roman empire would be different,

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the history of the Western world would be different and if the history of the
Western world with different history, the whole world would be different.

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And so, therefore, everything in history
hinges on the length of Cleopatra\'s nose.

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Now you can take it to this absurd level

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and it\'s often done by people who are… who
are worried about the chaos or the anarchy

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of the history that delves into
things that did not happen.

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I\'m concerned about the kind of
problem which I just described,

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I don\'t feel satisfied that we
have an effective answer to it yet

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and I think it\'s a matter of
the greatest possible concern

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to all of us because I think events
in the moving with some speed.

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[music]

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Does it matter who is president

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on issues of war and peace can a President.
Make a decisive difference

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in matters of war and peace, and a president
decisively lead his country into war

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or keep his country out of
war, whether the forces

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that drive nations into
conflict far more impersonal

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out of the control of any single
human being even a president.

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[music]

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The issue of what Kennedy might
have done, why is it interests?

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One reason is obviously related to

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the scope of the tragedy,
wouldn\'t there have been some way

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to avoid it that would be worth knowing.

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Do you have uh… personally fallout shelters

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in any of the residents (inaudible) for years I\'m
thinking particularly of your house and (inaudible),

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or a Metal Bird or in Palm
Beach or at New Port?

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But they\'re not all my residents that…
I\'m sorry to say, but I will say that…

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I would say that there
are naturally provisions

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for the protection of those in presidency

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and in the Joint Chiefs of Staff

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and others who would have to maintain a
responsibility in case of a military action.

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Though, of course, there\'s no
where sure answer for anybody.

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Obviously, you cannot build a shelter and the accepted sense
of the word for the kind of money which we have talked about

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but we can provide directions,
whereby a family can take steps

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to protect themselves on a
minimum basis and give them…

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members of the family some hope.
They are out of the blast area,

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they could survive the fall out and by the middle
of November, we hope to suggest some of the steps

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that every homeowner could take. My own feeling
is that these shelters are most useful

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and most important and no one
can… we\'re going to live through

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a long period of constant tension with these
dangerous weapons which will be proliferating.

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[music]

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The Cold War was cold in the sense that it was
not characterized by a hot or shooting war

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between the two most powerful
countries, superpowers.

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The peace was kept, primarily because of the
existence of strategic nuclear weapons,

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each side had more than enough nuclear
weapons to completely destroy the other.

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So any direct military conflict
between the two ran a strong risk of

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actually destroying one or both societies
and possibly all of civilization within.

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As he said he would Mr. Krushchev
has exploded his giant bomb

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in cynical disregard of the United Nations.

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By this act, the Soviet Union
have added injury to insult.

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They broke the moratorium on nuclear weapons
testing. They have started a new way

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for more deadly weapons, the
United States delegation

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deeply deplores this
contempt for world opinion.

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A sufficient number of those weapons
would survive the Soviet surprise attack

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to literally be capable of destroying
the Soviet Union. In the meantime,

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the Soviet Union undoubtedly would have attack
Western Europe. The net effect of this exchange

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would probably be 100 million
casualties in the Soviet Union,

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uh… perhaps 50 plus million
casualties in the United States,

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perhaps 100 million casualties in Europe.
There can be no winner

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in that kind of situation. We\'d happen to
live because of the ingenuity of science

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and man\'s own inability to control

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his relationship one with another. We happen to live in
the most dangerous time in the history of the human race.

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Each side completely mistrusted the other.
Each side believed that

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the two ways of organizing society were
completely incompatible with each other

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and so the question arises really for the
first time, how does the competition

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between these two most powerful countries in the
world take place without them destroying each other

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in the process and everything else with it.

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It\'s at this point in the \'50s and \'60s that
the competition between these two countries

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moves to other parts of the world.

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No, I don\'t want to comment the tail on the… on the
situations in South Vietnam because it is a very complex one.

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I think in (inaudible) he returned said
that there were 43 different wars,

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whether there are 43 different
wars or not, it\'s a complicated

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uh… situation involving political, economic
and military factors and I don\'t think

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we can expect to give
day-to-day accounts of the…

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the improvement of retrogression in… in a
situation. But I do call your attention again

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to this one important point that the
rate of Vietcong incidence is high

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and as long as that rate of incidence is high
and by an incidence, I mean, a terror attack

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as long as that rate of incidence is high,
it means the security that people is low

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and as long as in certain areas of the country…
And as long as the security to people is low

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and certainly in the country, uh… there are
allegiances to the government will be in doubt.

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And it\'s that which makes
the problem for us.

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The trick I think in engaging
this issue in a way that

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all open-minded people can come together
on, would be to look a little more closely

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at the factual.

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Let\'s get the database.
Let\'s see what Kennedy did.

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Now what\'s the issue? Well, he did a lot of things,
of course, but when pressure is put on Kennedy,

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by most or all or some of his advisers

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to commit the United States
to a war, what does he do?

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Should there be a pattern here

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in Kennedy\'s behavior? Or we might say if we\'re
thinking sort of psychologically, if he has

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a habit of deciding one way rather than
another, maybe we have some information

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that we can apply to that other thing
that he didn\'t live to deal with,

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six times when he was put to the test
John Kennedy avoided war all six times.

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He avoided conventional war
and he avoided nuclear war.

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I\'m not saying he was a perfect President, uh… but that that
particular feature of his presidency is really interesting.

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[music]

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1961, may have been one of the worst
years an American President ever had.

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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[music]

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Immediately after Kennedy was inaugurated
in a sense all hell broke loose,

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he had inherited a crisis
about 12,000 Cuban exiles

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were being trained in the jungles in Guatemala, uh…
to get on American ships that had been repainted

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so that nobody would know they
were wink-wink American ships,

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and they\'re gonna overthrow
the Castro government.

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[music]

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The Cuban exiles have landed at the
Bay of Pigs they are getting beaten

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and the call goes out for help,
help is near in the form of

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American troops ships carrying several
thousand US Marines which are located

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less than two miles offshore, and
suddenly Kennedy is besieged

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with advisers saying, \"Look, this thing is going belly
up. It\'s going under… Our guys are gonna get crushed.

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Castro\'s gonna win all that kind of stuff.
But you have an option.

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You can send in the Marines and begin
the conquering or the re-conquering of

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cubing the destruction of the Cuban
Revolution.\" The president of a great democracy

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such as ours and the editors of
great newspapers, such as yours.

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Oh, a common obligation to the people,
an obligation to present the facts

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to present them with Canada.
It is with that obligation

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in mine but I\'ve decided
in the last 24 hours

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to discuss briefly at this time,
the recent events in Cuba.

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Any unilateral American intervention
in the absence of an external attack

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upon ourselves or an ally,

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would had been contrary to our traditions
and to our international obligations.

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We intend to profit from this
lesson, we intend to re-examine

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and reorient our forces of all kinds.
We intend to intensify

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our efforts for a struggle in many
ways more difficult than war…

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I know that many of you have
further questions about Cuba.

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I made a statement on that subject yesterday afternoon.
I do not think that any useful national purpose

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would be served by my going further
into the Cuban question this morning.

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I prefer to let my statement of
yesterday suffice for the present.

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Reporters in Washington has noticed that there\'s been a
clamming up of information from formerly useful sources,

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and this morning we are not permitted
to ask any further questions

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about this foreign policy situation.
Why is it not useful, sir,

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for us to explore with you the real
facts behind this, or our motivations?

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Well, I think in answer
to your question, that

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we have to make a judgment as to
how much we can usually say that

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would aid the interest of the United States.
One of the problems of a free society,

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problem not met by a dictatorship

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is a problem of the information. A good
deal has been printed in the paper

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and I wouldn\'t be surprised if those of you who are members
of the press will be receiving a lot of background briefings

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in the next day or two

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by interested people are interested
agencies. There\'s an old saying that

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victory has 100 fathers and defeat is
an orphan. And I wouldn\'t be surprised

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if the information is poured into you
in regard to all the recent activities.

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But I will say to you, Mr. Vanocur, that

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I have said as much as I feel
can be usefully said by me

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in regard to the events
of the past few days.

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Further statements, detailed discussions,

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are not to conceal responsibility because I\'m
the responsible officer of the government.

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Quite respecting your
feeling of not going beyond

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your statement of yesterday on Cuba,
there still is in print this morning,

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that you took the decision
to continue training

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Cuban refugees with arms
provided by this Government

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for launching the current operations in
Cuba. Now, is this true? I think that

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the facts of the matter

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involving Cuba will come out in due time.
I am sure that an effort will be made

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to determine the facts accurately. As for
me, I am confining myself to my statement

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for good reason.

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[music]

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Kennedy personally called the commander of that
ship Admiral Arleigh Burke and said, \"Stop.

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We\'re not getting involved jungle
warfare 90 miles south of Florida.\"

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He ordered the ship to
move away from the shore

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and this was so difficult for him.

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All of these people are

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veterans of both the Second World War and
the Korean War and the Cold War in 1950s

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and these guys are fighters. That\'s what they think
they\'re doing. Trained to do and that\'s what

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they\'re experience tells them. Also,
their experience tells them that

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if the Americans apply
military force, they win.

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Americans came in late in World War
I, Americans think they won the war.

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World war II, they also came in
late, Americans did win the war.

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Korean War, they saved at least half
of Korea. Cold War, they staved off

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the Soviet threat and these guys
cannot understand why this young…

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young punk, I mean, I think
would be the right word

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in terms of what Kennedy was sexually like,
but the way they sort of reacted to this.

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Nixon wrote that the lesson
in the Bay of Pigs was that

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Kennedy lacked the spine to send in the Marines,
to send in the Air Force, to unseat Castro,

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to assassinate Castro, occupy the
country, to put a government in charge

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in Havana more congenial to US
interests, that was the lesson.

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[music]

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There were rumors of impeachment.

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There were rumors that this young
guy was completely incompetent.

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I mean, these hoodlums
in these green outfits

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have beaten the United States of America which won
the Second World War, which won the first World War,

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there was no category within which to
conceive of this… of this outcome.

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We do know a lot about what happened
to Kennedy in the South Pacific

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but he almost died and that was a real
crisis. This is probably comparable to them.

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It\'s a crisis… it\'s a crisis…
it\'s a personal crisis,

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it\'s a crisis of his presidency. It\'s
barely gotten underway and it\'s a crisis

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and the credibility of the United
States of America. I think failure is

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the operative word here. Kennedy
has failed but Kennedy also knows

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he will be perceived as a failure.

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[music]

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I was taken into the kitchen

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and introduced to all the help
who were just over from Ireland.

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I saw Chris Dumphy who told me Mrs. Fraser\'s
sister, Mrs. Ayres, does not think that

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I am serious about politics, and
therefore cannot support me.

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At the very first meeting held in private,

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Kennedy was described as
traumatized, as shocked.

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Chester Bowles, a State Department
official was at that meeting said that

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John F. Kennedy looked completely crushed.
He sat through a 45-minute meeting,

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while all the cabinet secretaries were arguing
with each other about who\'s fault or it wasn\'t,

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what should have been done or what shouldn\'t
have been done, Kennedy didn\'t say a word,

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and then one of the most ghostly passages
I\'ve ever read in a classified memo.

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Bowles says the President looking pale, stood
up and walked out of the room without speaking.

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So much for the way it looked and felt,

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what did he learn? I am not a candidate
for office, or at least four years

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so that there will be many ups and
downs, I suppose during that period.

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So that anybody who thinks that
things get better in the spring

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that we will be able to say that we have the result of the administration\'s
policy and that\'s the reason that I painted them unnecessarily

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doc misunderstands completely. They are
painted accurately as I understand them to be

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and anyone who makes a judgment that it
was made on thick for political reasons,

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I think is making him a serious mistake and I
hope would that give us the benefit of the doubt

00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
of a honest view now, other people may look at the
same facts and come to a different conclusion.

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
Obviously, they have, but that
represents my view as president.

00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
In some areas involving the national
interest, the news would be worse

00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
before it gets better and I think that the
American people might just as well realize that.

00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.999
[sil.]

00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:29.999
These three maps show the area of

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.999
effective Communist domination
as it was last August

00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
with the colored portion is up on the right hand corner being
the areas held and dominated by the Communists at that time,

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
and now next in December
of 1960, three months ago,

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
the red area having expanded.

00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
And now from December 20th,
now to the present day,

00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
at the end of March, Communists control

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
a much wider section of the country.

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
Soviet planes I regret to
say had been conspicuous

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
in a large scale air lift
into the battle area.

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
Plus a whole supporting
set of combat specialists

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
mainly from communist North Vietnam, and heavier
weapons had been provided from outside.

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
I want to make it clear
to the American people

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
and the all of the world that all
we want and Laos is peace, not war.

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
A truly neutral government,
not a cold war upon,

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
a settlement concluded at the conference
table and not on the battlefield.

00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
I think ladies and
gentlemen that is enough.

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
I said what all I have in mind.
(inaudible) the Soviet Union

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
willing to agree to receive
(inaudible) in Laos.

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
We (inaudible) conversation this subject,

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
uh… I feel nothing to say publicly at this
moment. That is the purpose of Mr. Ross

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
going to the senators uh… preparation
of asking for declaration of war

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
in case of really (inaudible). The
Communists seem to be putting us

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
on the defensive on a number of fronts. I wonder if you
could tell us how long this government is prepared

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
the wait before it proposes
some new action to resolve

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
this continuing crisis. A shocking crisis

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
with the emergence of a crisis
in a country called Laos,

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
uh… a landlocked mountainous kingdom.
The CIA reported that the Soviet Union

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
was giving blatant and considerable
support to the (inaudible) Laos

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
the communist insurgency in Laos

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
and that unless the US did something about
it, the communists would take over Laos

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
and the Domino would fall. Another
country would go communist.

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
And this country bordered South Vietnam
which the US was propping up and supporting

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
so he was told by his military and
many of his civilian advisors,

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
\"You cannot let this happen. I know you don\'t know where it
is or what this is all about but you\'ve got to do something

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
to show the Russians that we mean
business.\" So Kennedy did sort of.

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
He ordered some troops (inaudible) ships
and he ordered them to the Thai border

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
with Laos and that was all he did.

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
Not one US combat troop ever set
foot in Laos. But at the same time,

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
he began conversations with the
Kremlin, indirectly and directly.

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
Careful negotiations are being
conducted with many countries

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
at the present time in order to see that
we have taken every possible course

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
to insure a peaceful solution. And
within a very short time, two months,

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
by May, there was sea spider. American
troops which had never even gone into Laos

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
and retrieve it back on
the ships and sail away,

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
the Soviets more or less get in their airplanes and fly
back to the Soviet Union and the negotiation begins

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
which will result in a kind of treaty,

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
which provides a neutral solution for Laos.

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
President… uh… Vice President Nixon

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
seems to be taking a then view of your
administration. He said in a speech yesterday that

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
never in American history has a man
talk so big and acted so little.

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
You have anything to say about it?

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
No, I wouldn\'t comment on Mr. Nixon. He has
been engaged and busy and I sympathize

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
with the traveling problems he has and his
other problems but I don\'t… I don\'t have

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
any response to make. We\'re doing the best
we can. We\'ll continue to do so until 1964

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:05.000
and then we can see what
the situation looks like.

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
The source of world trouble and tension

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
is Moscow not Berlin. And if war begins,

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
it will have begun in
Moscow and not Berlin.

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
Are you basing your judgment on the assumption that
it is conceivable that we might fight a ground war

00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
in Europe over Berlin? On August 13th 1961,

00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
the East Germans and soviets
began putting up the Berlin Wall

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
and I mean the whole of the Western world
just held its breath, because American tanks

00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:49.999
moved into position and Soviet tanks moved into position where this
wall was going up and the thought was, well, what are they gonna do?

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
The talks which we had

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:59.999
with the Mr. (inaudible) did not give us

00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:04.999
immediate hope that this matter
would be easily settled.

00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:09.999
Their fighting should break out over
Berlin that as the peace efforts fail,

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:14.999
you believe that can be limited to
a conventional war or what it lead

00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:19.999
to the use of nuclear weapons. If one takes
the proper statements of the two side

00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:24.999
that face value with same
as (inaudible) US and USSR

00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:29.999
and something of the (inaudible)… Do
you think generally speaking sir that

00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
the crisis in Berlin as a better chance
of being settled through negotiation

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
as you have suggested rather than by
force Soviet threatened upon occasion?

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
Well, I don\'t see that there could be any
solution which would serve the world

00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
to Berlin by force. And
therefore, I\'m hopeful that

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
all people involved will realize
that in the days of massive forces

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
available on every side that the… for
the future of countries involved

00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
and for the human race that we should
attempt to work out a peaceful solution.

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
General Lucius Clay,

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
who was the American commander in
Berlin ignoring orders from Kennedy

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
and from McGeorge Bundy, his National
Security Adviser, moved his tanks

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
right up to the border, I mean,
like right up to the line.

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
He moves them up there, he lined them up, he loaded them up with
live ammunition, he pointed them directly at the Soviet tanks.

00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
Not to be done the Soviet tanks
instead of withdrawing pulled up

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
to the board.

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
(inaudible) I have the impression that you have asked the
(inaudible) done. Well, now how did you get that impression?

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
I got it from Jim (inaudible)… When I waited (inaudible)
I get PA right here. He says he\'s under the impression

00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:54.999
that we asked that this be done.
Kennedy intervened directly

00:28:55.000 --> 00:28:59.999
by telephone to Lucius Clay on that
potential battlefield and told him

00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.999
to get those god damn tanks out of sight.

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:09.999
[music]

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
One way to deal with this would have been to be
confrontational and this issue a challenged to Khrushchev

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
to back down prepare for war.
In fact, it was Khrushchev

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
who took that approach, what
Khrushchev wanted essentially was

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
for Kennedy to order the US
forces to leave West Berlin

00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
retreat into West Germany and give him
what he thought was his natural right

00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
as a conquering Soviet in World
War II, which was all of Germany

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
inside the borders of East Germany.
Khrushchev once said,

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
it would be like having a piece of the Soviet
Union in Iowa. You wouldn\'t accept it.

00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
He had a point and yet Berlin was regarded…

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
West Berlin was regarded as this
bulwark, a kind of a test of

00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
how courageous we were in the west and while
Kennedy\'s advisers are furious they say,

00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
\"You can\'t let him get away with this,
Kennedy goes through the motions,\"

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
privately we know Kennedy was grateful
for that wall. What the wall did

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
was to prevent large numbers
of people from being shot

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.999
as they raced across the border
from East Berlin to West Berlin.

00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:29.999
It\'s sad and it\'s… it\'s very poignant human
story that so many people got trapped

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:34.999
behind the wall but Kennedy has
to think in somewhat larger terms

00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:39.999
about preventing war and so while he had
nothing to do with putting up the wall,

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
he didn\'t try to tear it down.
Did you make the decision for us

00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
not to use force to stop the
building and the wall in Berlin

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
and if you had it to do over again
would you make same decision

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
or what would have been an alternative if you had
not made that decision. There have been charges

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
that we have not adequately maintained the strength
or the credibility of our nuclear deterrent

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
and that we also have not fully convinced
the leaders of the Soviet Union

00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
that we are determined to force with force
then Berlin or elsewhere. At the same time

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
the republican national chairman has said that
your administration\'s attitude in general

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
is one of appeasement toward
communism throughout the world.

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:29.999
You have been angered or at least
disturbed by what has been described as

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
partisan criticism of your foreign policy. It has also
been reported that some members of your administration

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
possibly including yourself have
felt that sharp Republican warnings

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
against appeasement have constricted the rule
that you may have to negotiate with the Russians.

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
Would you discuss these points? No, I\'m
going to attempt to as I have said

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
protect our vital interests and see whether
it\'s possible for us to reach an agreement

00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
in this matter, which will not necessitate a
war, which could mean so much destruction

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
and so many millions and millions of people in this country
and elsewhere. Now I\'m going to continue to do that

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
and we\'ll do the best we can
and we\'ll see what happens.

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
Everyone is free to make any attacks they want, I
think what would be most helpful to the nation today

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
would be constructive and
frequently critical alternatives,

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
suggestion for alternative courses of action
and not merely rather generalized statements

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
which throw a very little light on very
complicated and dangerous matters.

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
But I would never suggest that the
Battle of the mimeograph machine

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
between the Republican Committee and
the Democratic Committee should seize.

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
American officials are encouraged by the
outlook. The other day they read that

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
they\'re not encouraged and they\'re
glooming. One day we\'re going ahead

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
the next day but going back. Mr.
President does the real situation

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
fluctuate that much as a one time
journalist who became president,

00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:04.999
how does it look to you?
A lot of journalists had

00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
bad luck and death. I had the…

00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
75% of the people are 80%

00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
to endorse the government and yet
we read how Vietnam is in danger

00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
because of guerilla operations carried on by this small
well-disciplined, well-supplied across the border.

00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
Group of guerillas, how we fight

00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:34.999
that kind of a problem which is going
to be with us all through this decade

00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
seems to me to be the one of the great
problems now before the United States.

00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:44.999
I\'m concerned about the kind of
problem which I just described,

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.999
I don\'t feel satisfied that we have
an effective answer to it yet.

00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
General Maxwell Taylor, Kennedy\'s personal
representative the sensitive South Vietnam

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
was starting to become issues.
He takes along with Walt Rostow,

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
the Deputy National Security Adviser.
Their instructions are to determine

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
what the problem is over there with this insurgency
that seems to be growing and growing and growing

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
and especially what\'s the problem
with this… with our guys ZM(ph)

00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
and why he can squash the insurgency.

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
Decision beside General Taylor who… Vietnam, there
might be some interpretation of that decision

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
as implying confirmation
of report that you intend

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
to send American forces to Vietnam
or the Thailand or the Laos.

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
Can you give us your appraisal of the conditions under
which you might find it necessary to send troops and…

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
Well, we\'re going to wait till General Taylor
come back and bring an up-to-date description

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
of the situation particularly in Vietnam.

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
General Taylor will give me a…
and the Joint Chiefs of Staff

00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
an educated military guess as to what the
situation that the government they are facing

00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
and we can come with conclusions
as what is best to do.

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
They come back and we\'re
not talking here about

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
the advice of a bunch of Warmongers, we\'re
talking about people who believe fervently

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
in the domino theory that you
cannot let South Vietnam fall,

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
you can\'t let it go communist because
who knows even Indonesia could go

00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:29.999
or Japan to go, the rest of the countries in
Southeast Asia that are not already communists

00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:34.999
will just topple over and become Communists and that will be
the beginning of the end of the free world as we know it.

00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
[music]

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
Now this sounds very
apocalyptic and it is, it was

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
but people didn\'t think it was a fantasy. They
believed it. Kennedy himself probably believed it.

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
Vietnam has been in war 20 years.
Japanese came in,

00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
(inaudible) with the French, the civil
war which has going on for 10 years,

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.999
this is very difficult and for any society
to stand this. And as the country

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
which has got a good many problem, it\'s
divided that the guerrilla activity,

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
murder and all the rest, we wanted to be a stable government there,
carrying on a struggled to maintain it\'s national independent.

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
We believe strongly in that. We\'re
not going to withdraw from that.

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
My opinion for us to withdraw from that effort would mean a
collapse not the only of South Vietnam but South East Asia,

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
so we\'re going to stay there.
We hope with the great efforts

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
and (inaudible) being carried by the Vietnamese themselves and
they\'ve been in the field a long time… a lot longer than we have,

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
and (inaudible) would a good deal more death and
casualties that behind this military shield

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
put up by the Vietnamese people, they can
reach an agreement on the civil disturbance,

00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
and also on respect for the rights
of others. That\'s our hope,

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
that\'s our effort, that\'s to bring our influence
to bear. The decision is finally this,

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
but I think that before we render too harsh to
judgment, that people we should realize that

00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
they\'ve going through a lot of
time that we\'ve had to go through.

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
[music]

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
All the advisors, including the military and
civilian advisors, they have this feeling that

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
Kennedy is an unknown quantity.
Where is Kennedy going to come out

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
with regard to the question of what to
do in November 1961 in South Vietnam?

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
It\'s totally clear to them.
Absolutely clear to them,

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
what needs to be done, but… but if Kennedy doesn\'t
go along with it, then we\'ve got a problem.

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
And so rather than go to the President and
called the meeting, there are other meetings

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:44.999
and being held out in the Defense Department of the Pentagon or
in the State Department or in the basement of the White House

00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:49.999
and McGeorge Bundy\'s office. And the reason
that there\'s a lot more meeting going on

00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:54.999
in preparation here is they\'re… they\'re trying
to figure out how to build the case to Kennedy

00:37:55.000 --> 00:37:59.999
that they absolutely positively and effect
need to go to war in South Vietnam.

00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:04.999
At 10 AM to noon meeting
on November 15th 1961

00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
at the White House, Kennedy
faced off like a chess master

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
against every one of his top advisers, who were
recommending anything from a small troop commitment

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
to a very large troop commitment. They
argued for two hours and he said,

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
\"You\'re not getting one combat for
none, zero, what else do you want?

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
Planes okay, advisors okay, we\'re gonna… we\'re gonna give them
a lot of advisors. Okay, we can do these kinds of things.\"

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
They went to that meeting
absolutely convinced that

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
they were right in their opinion
that the United States must commit

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
their troops to South Vietnam and they must
do it as soon as possible. Kennedy said no.

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
On the occasion of your
New Year\'s celebration,

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
my fellow Americans and I and
extend our very best wishes

00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
for the prosperity and well-being of the
government and the people of Vietnam.

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
We in America, sincerely hope
that the year of the tiger,

00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
will see peace calm again to Vietnam.

00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
And your predecessor in office called himself
a political moderate said he believed

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
in the middle of the road of cults(ph). What do you
call yourself politically and how do you define

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
your political philosophy? Well, I
don\'t call myself anything except

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
a Democrat who has been elected
president of United States and I hope

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
I am a responsible president,
that\'s my intention.

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
There are many Americans who believed that

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
in our manner of questioning are seeking
your attention that we\'re subjecting news

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
in some abuse are a lack of respect.
I wonder, sir,

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
and it\'s like could you tell us generally your
feelings about your press conference today

00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
and your feeling about how they\'re conducted?
Well, your subject needed some abuse

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:05.000
but not to any lack of respect.

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
This government as promised has
maintained the closest surveillance

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
of the Soviet military buildup
on the island of Cuba.

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
Within the past week, unmistakable
evidence has established

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
the fact that a series of
offensive missile sites

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
is now in preparation on that imprisoned
Island. The purpose of these bases

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
can be none other than to provide
a nuclear strike capability

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
against the Western Hemisphere.
Only last Thursday,

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
as evidence of this rapid offensive
build-up was already in my hand,

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko, told
me in my office that he was instructed

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
to make it clear once again as he said
his government had already done that

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
Soviet assistance to Cuba and
I, \"Pursue solely the purpose

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
of contributing to the defense
capabilities of Cuba,\" that

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
and I quote him \"training by Soviet
specialists of Cuban nationals

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
in handling defensive armaments
was by no means offensive,

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
and if (inaudible) otherwise… \" Mr. Gromyko went on,
\" …the Soviet government would never become involved

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
in rendering such assistance.\"

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
That statement also was false(ph).
Mr. President

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
I am submitting today a resolution
to the Security Council

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
designed to find a way out of
this calamitous situation.

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:53.000
[music]

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
The Cuban Missile Crisis was
the most dangerous crisis

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
uh… this country or any country has ever faced. There
were so many points during the missile crisis,

00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
when a president who was not as
cautious or skeptical as Kennedy,

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
would have done things, would
have sent ships into regions,

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
would have attacked certain targets. A fact that
you refer back to my speech that then gives them

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
a lead headline saying United States is planning further
action. Then we had a long talk about it this morning

00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
and it was agreed that the talk about the statement
on the build up would come from the White House

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
and that we would say anything about what
action we\'re gonna take. And we don\'t want to…

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
when you make a reference back to my speech that then gives
them a lead that further actions is going to be taken.

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
Now we gotta get this under control (inaudible)
I want to… we\'ll be run out of the White House.

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
Under me, to (inaudible), to
you people and to (inaudible)

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
and nothing dealing with the Cuban crisis of any
importance is to go out and to go through (inaudible)

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
and comes to me because I\'m not… I don\'t
want to be critical but the problem is

00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
when you say further action should be taken then they
all say what action and it moves this escalation up

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
a couple of days when
we\'re not ready for it.

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
So therefore, you have to be goddamn careful, you just can\'t make
references to past speeches because that gives them a headline

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
and they\'ve got now got it and every reporter in town
is going to be putting together (inaudible) sound

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
just released about the missile thing
with your thing that further action

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
that we\'re going to find ourselves
getting out of control. Okay.

00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:39.999
[music]

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
Mr. President, as you know, we\'ve been meeting
on this subject ever since we discovered

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
the presence of missiles in Cuba. And I
would say the debates in our own midst

00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
have followed very closely in parallel with those
that you\'ve heard from your other advisors.

00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
From the outset I would say that we found
we were united on the military requirement.

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
Let me just say a little, first,
about what the problem is,

00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
from my point of view. If we attack

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
Cuban missiles, or Cuba,
in any way, it gives them

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:19.999
a clear uh… line to take Berlin,
as they were able to do in Hungary

00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:24.999
under the Anglo war in Egypt.

00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
We will be regarded as the trigger-happy
Americans who lost Berlin.

00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
We would have no support among our allies. We would
affect the West Germans\' attitude towards us.

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.999
They don\'t give a damn about Cuba.
They do… care about Berlin

00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.999
and about their own security. So they would say
that we endangered their interests and security.

00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
I\'d emphasize, a little
strongly perhaps, that

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:54.999
we don\'t have any choice
except direct military action.

00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:59.999
Now, as for the Berlin
situation, I don\'t share

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
your view that if we knock off Cuba,
they\'re going to knock off Berlin.

00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
What do you think their reply would be? I don\'t think
they\'re going to make any reply… if we tell them that

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
the Berlin situation is just like it\'s always
been. If they make a move, we\'re going to fight.

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
Mr. President, I feel that the course of action recommended
to you by the Chiefs from the military point of view

00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
is the right one. It\'s quite obvious
that what they think they can do is

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
try to get Berlin. That may be
a risk we have to take, but –

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
Well, history has been, I think, the other way,
Mr. President. So I see no other solution.

00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
This blockade and political action,

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
I see leading into war. I
don\'t see any other solution.

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
This is almost as bad as
the appeasement in Munich.

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
I think that a blockade,

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
and political talk, would be considered
by a lot of our friends and neutrals

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
as being a pretty weak response to this… and I\'m sure
a lot of our own citizens would feel that way, too.

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
You\'re in a pretty bad fix, Mr. President.

00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
What did you say? You\'re
in a pretty bad fix.

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
You\'re in there with me.

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
I\'ve directed that the following
initial steps be taken immediately,

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
a strict quarantine on all
offensive military equipment

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
under shipment to Cuba is being initiated.
All ships of any kind bound for Cuba

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
whether found to contain cargoes of
offensive weapons be turned back,

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
shall be the policy of this nation
to regard any nuclear missile

00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
launched from Cuba or against any
nation in the Western Hemisphere

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
as an attack by the Soviet
Union on the United States

00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
requiring a full retaliatory response upon the
Soviet Union. I call upon Chairman Khrushchev,

00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
the stable relations
between our two nations.

00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
I have several statements.

00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:14.999
I have today been informed
by Chairman Khrushchev,

00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
that all of the IL-28 bombers now in
Cuba will be withdrawn in 30 days.

00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
He also agreed that these planes can
be observed and counted as they leave.

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
Former governor of Florida now head of

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
the National Association of Broadcasters has accused
both the Defense Department and the State Department

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
of new suppression and the Cuban
crisis, which (inaudible) a comment

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
on your general feeling that… Uh… Well,

00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
it won\'t… it is true that when we
learn the matter on Tuesday morning

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
until we made the announcement on the quarantine
on Monday afternoon that this matter was kept

00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
at the highest levels of government, we
didn\'t make any public statement about it.

00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
And I returned to Washington that Saturday
morning because I had a campaign trip

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
that we\'re going to take till Sunday evening and I
had to come back and we did not want to indicate

00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
to the Soviet Union or up to Cuba or
any one else might be our adversary

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
to extend about information until we
determine what our policy would be

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
and until we consulted with our allies. So
for those are very good reasons I believe,

00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
this matter was kept up by the
government until Monday night.

00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
There is at least one newspaper
learned about the some of the details

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
on Sunday evening and did not print
it for reasons of public interest.

00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
I have no apologies for that. I don\'t think there\'s
any doubt that it would have been a great mistake

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
and possibly a disaster, there\'s news
it dribbled out when we were unsure

00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
of the extent of the Soviet buildup in
Cuba and when we\'re unsure of our response

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
and when we are not consulted with any of our allies who
might themselves have been involved in great difficulty

00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:04.999
as a result of our action. During the
week then, from Monday till Sunday,

00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:09.999
when we see Mr. Khrushchev\'s first
message about the withdrawal,

00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.999
we attempted to have the government speak with one voice.
There were obvious restraints on a newspaper main,

00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:19.999
they were not meant, for example, go to Guantanamo
because obviously that might be an area

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
which might be under attack. Since
that Sunday we have tried to

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
uh… of these content to attempt to
lift up the any restraint in the news

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
and I\'m really as a reader of a
good many papers, seems to me that

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.999
the papers and more or less reflected quite
accurately the state of our negotiations

00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:44.999
with the Soviet Union. They have in a sense been suspended
because we\'ve been arguing about this question of Il-28,

00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:49.999
so there hasn\'t been any real progress
that we could point to any hot information

00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:54.999
that we can put out until the
day which we\'re now doing.

00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:59.999
Now if the procedures which had been
set up, which are really to protect

00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:04.999
the interest of security of the United States are
being used in a way inimical to the free flow of news

00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
and then we change the procedures.

00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
The other day Khrushchev stated that communists
could learn something even from capitalists

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
and he even add a few kind words
to say about profit incentives.

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
Do you read any great amount
of significance into this?

00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.999
No, I don\'t. No. To people
of Florida are hoping that

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:34.999
you and your family will again spend Christmas with
them. Can you tell us what your present plans are so?

00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
My father and mother are going to Florida in December
and my wife and children hope to go there for Christmas

00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
and if my situation here permits
I will go in Christmas.

00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:49.999
If the question is the result of some
stories that towards business in Florida

00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:54.999
is off because of our difficulties, I don\'t think it will be
too. I hope it will not be too dangerous in Florida this year.

00:50:55.000 --> 00:51:00.000
[sil.]

00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:14.999
We need a way to get out of Vietnam.
This is a way of doing it.

00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:19.999
And to leave forces there when they\'re not
needed, I think, is wasteful and it complicates

00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:24.999
both their problems and ours… We must have
a means of disengaging from this area.

00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:29.999
We must show our country what that means.

00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:34.999
I am sure that if we don\'t meet
those dates, in the sense of ending

00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:39.999
the major military campaigns, we nonetheless
can withdraw the bulk of our U.S. forces,

00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:44.999
according to the schedule we have laid out…
And the advantage of taking them out –

00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:49.999
And the advantage of taking them out is that we can
say to the Congress and people that we do have a plan

00:51:50.000 --> 00:51:54.999
for reducing the exposure
of US combat personnel

00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:59.999
to the guerrilla actions in South Vietnam
actions that the people of South Vietnam

00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:04.999
should gradually develop a capability
to suppress themselves. And I think

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.999
this will be of great value to us in meeting the very
strong views of [Sen. J. William]Fulbright and others

00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:15.000
that we\'re bogged down in Asia
and will be there for decades.

00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:44.999
Senator Goldwater accuses
your administration that

00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:49.999
they falsifications of the news in
order to perpetuate itself in office.

00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:54.999
Do you care to comment on that? What…
what was he referring? In the speech here

00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:59.999
at the Women\'s National Press
Club, and he has… Point was that

00:53:00.000 --> 00:53:04.999
you and your administration are
mismanaging the news and using it

00:53:05.000 --> 00:53:09.999
to perpetuate yourself and
all… Well, as I\'ve said before

00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:14.999
I think it would be unwise
at this time to answer,

00:53:15.000 --> 00:53:19.999
reply to Senator Goldwater. I\'m confident
that he\'ll be making many charges

00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:24.999
even more serious than this one that in the
coming months. And in addition he himself has

00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:29.999
had a busy week selling TVA and to…

00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:34.999
and giving permission to suggesting that military
commanders oversea, he permitted to use nuclear weapons

00:53:35.000 --> 00:53:39.999
packing the president of Bolivia while
he was here in the United States,

00:53:40.000 --> 00:53:44.999
balling himself in the Greek election.
So I thought that it really would be

00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:49.999
not fair for me this week to reply to him.

00:53:50.000 --> 00:53:54.999
Mr. President back to the question of acute
rejection or any (inaudible) in the far

00:53:55.000 --> 00:53:59.999
that he\'s at the present time particularly
in Korea and is there any speedup

00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:04.999
in the withdrawal from Vietnam and…
Well, you know when Secretary McNamara,

00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:09.999
General Taylor came back, they announced
that we would expect to withdraw

00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:14.999
a 1,000 men from South Vietnam
before the end of the year

00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:19.999
and there\'s been some reference to that by General Hawkins.
If we\'re able to do that that will be our scheduling,

00:54:20.000 --> 00:54:24.999
the first unit, the first
contingent would be 250 men

00:54:25.000 --> 00:54:29.999
who were not involved in what might
be called a frontline operations.

00:54:30.000 --> 00:54:34.999
It would hope to lessen the number of Americans
thereby 1,000 as the training intensifies

00:54:35.000 --> 00:54:39.999
and is carried on in South Vietnam.

00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:44.999
He should start talking within about seven or eight
minutes assuming he arise within the next few minutes

00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:49.999
and he plans to speak for 20 minutes. However,
his schedulers so tight, he\'s doing Dallas

00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:54.999
in less than 2.5 hours. There had been plans
for him to leave from here in an open car

00:54:55.000 --> 00:54:59.999
and for Dallas the motorcade downtown

00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:04.999
will go to Lemon to Turtle Craig, bend
down cedar springs to Harvard down main,

00:55:05.000 --> 00:55:09.999
circle the courthouse then on Stemmons Freeway to the
trademark. When the President appeared on the parking lot,

00:55:10.000 --> 00:55:14.999
he broke one of the cardinal rules of security,
he went out into the crowd and of course,

00:55:15.000 --> 00:55:19.999
Secret Service men find this the most nervous
time of any presidential appearance.

00:55:20.000 --> 00:55:24.999
Another rule is that anyone who approaches the president
should have both hands visible on September 6th 1901,

00:55:25.000 --> 00:55:29.999
those two rules were broken. President William
McKinley was appearing at the Pan American Exposition

00:55:30.000 --> 00:55:34.999
in Buffalo New York and had a public
reception, the crowd moved in around him

00:55:35.000 --> 00:55:39.999
and the three Secret Service men who are guarding him
had no chance to screen the people approaching him.

00:55:40.000 --> 00:55:44.999
There comes the president.

00:55:45.000 --> 00:55:53.000
[music]

00:56:05.000 --> 00:56:09.999
As you can tell for their action that Mrs.
Kennedy coming in, she\'d been standing outside

00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:14.999
in the kitchen waiting for the introduction of
guests at the head table will be completed.

00:56:15.000 --> 00:56:19.999
Now she is moving up to the front
of the ball room (inaudible) Dias.

00:56:20.000 --> 00:56:24.999
For the ladies in the audience, she\'s wearing
a (inaudible) outfit trimmed in black,

00:56:25.000 --> 00:56:29.999
uh… Finding more about it, I tell you the kind
of material, it looks like a lovely material.

00:56:30.000 --> 00:56:34.999
Two years ago I said that I
introduced myself in Paris

00:56:35.000 --> 00:56:39.999
by saying that I was the man who had accompanied
Mrs. Kennedy to Paris. I\'m getting that

00:56:40.000 --> 00:56:44.999
some of that same sensation that
as I travel around the Texas.

00:56:45.000 --> 00:56:49.999
[sil.]

00:56:50.000 --> 00:56:54.999
Nobody wonders what Lyndon and I wear…

00:56:55.000 --> 00:56:59.999
[sil.]

00:57:00.000 --> 00:57:04.999
But this is a very dangerous

00:57:05.000 --> 00:57:09.999
and uncertain world as I said earlier on
three occasions in the last three years,

00:57:10.000 --> 00:57:14.999
the United States has had a direct
confrontation. No one can say

00:57:15.000 --> 00:57:19.999
when it will come again. (inaudible) you lean forward
without providing you with some protects against the rain.

00:57:20.000 --> 00:57:28.000
[sil.]

00:57:45.000 --> 00:57:49.999
I\'ll put it on in the White House
on Monday if you\'ll come up there

00:57:50.000 --> 00:57:54.999
you\'ll have a chance to see it there.

00:57:55.000 --> 00:57:59.999
From Dallas, Texas, the
flash, apparently official,

00:58:00.000 --> 00:58:04.999
President Kennedy died at 1 p.m.
Central Standard Time,

00:58:05.000 --> 00:58:09.999
2 o\'clock Eastern Standard
time, some 38 minutes ago.

00:58:10.000 --> 00:58:14.999
[sil.]

00:58:15.000 --> 00:58:19.999
Vice-President Lyndon Johnson has left the
hospital in Dallas but we do not know

00:58:20.000 --> 00:58:24.999
to where he has proceeded.
Presumably he will be taking

00:58:25.000 --> 00:58:29.999
the oath of office shortly and become

00:58:30.000 --> 00:58:34.999
the 36th President of the United States.

00:58:35.000 --> 00:58:40.000
[music]

00:58:45.000 --> 00:58:53.000
[music]

01:01:00.000 --> 01:01:04.999
It turns out that John F. Kennedy was
pressured more often and more strongly

01:01:05.000 --> 01:01:09.999
by more people to take this nation
to war than any president ever was

01:01:10.000 --> 01:01:14.999
within 1,000 days that he had to work with.
If we take the fundamental issue

01:01:15.000 --> 01:01:19.999
to be how profoundly did this
man resist the urge to war,

01:01:20.000 --> 01:01:24.999
Vietnam, Laos, Cuba, they are in
Missile Crisis of the Bay of Pigs,

01:01:25.000 --> 01:01:29.999
were in Berlin. If we take that as our
fundamental variable of the thing

01:01:30.000 --> 01:01:34.999
that we really are paying attention
to, it\'s almost unavoidable that

01:01:35.000 --> 01:01:39.999
we conclude that he wasn\'t going
to have that war in Vietnam.

01:01:40.000 --> 01:01:44.999
[music]

01:01:45.000 --> 01:01:49.999
Together we shall save our planet, or
together we shall perish and explain.

01:01:50.000 --> 01:01:54.999
Say it we can and say that we must.

01:01:55.000 --> 01:01:59.999
And then shall we earn, the
eternal thanks of mankind

01:02:00.000 --> 01:02:04.999
and as peace makers, the
eternal blessing of god.

01:02:05.000 --> 01:02:09.999
First examine our attitude
towards peace itself

01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:14.999
too many of us think it is impossible,
too many think it is unreal

01:02:15.000 --> 01:02:19.999
but that is a dangerous the fetus belief.

01:02:20.000 --> 01:02:24.999
It leads to the conclusion
that war is inevitable,

01:02:25.000 --> 01:02:29.999
that mankind is doomed, that
we are gripped by forces

01:02:30.000 --> 01:02:34.999
we cannot control, we need
not accept that view,

01:02:35.000 --> 01:02:39.999
our problems are man-made, therefore,
they can be solved by man,

01:02:40.000 --> 01:02:44.999
United States as the world
knows will never start a war.

01:02:45.000 --> 01:02:49.999
We do not want a war, we
do not now expect the war,

01:02:50.000 --> 01:02:54.999
this generation of Americans has
already had enough of war and hate.

01:02:55.000 --> 01:02:59.999
[music]

01:03:00.000 --> 01:03:04.999
[sil.]

01:03:05.000 --> 01:03:09.999
[music]

01:03:10.000 --> 01:03:14.999
Does the fact that you\'re sending additional
forces to Vietnam imply any change

01:03:15.000 --> 01:03:19.999
in the existing policy of relying
mainly on the South Vietnamese…

01:03:20.000 --> 01:03:24.999
He told White House reporters that
he could imagine a wall over there

01:03:25.000 --> 01:03:29.999
going on for five, six or seven years.

01:03:30.000 --> 01:03:34.999
Have you thought of that possibility, sir?
Could you tell us whether you believe this war

01:03:35.000 --> 01:03:39.999
as you now call it can\'t be contained
in this corner of Southeast Asia

01:03:40.000 --> 01:03:44.999
without involving a US
Soviet confrontation?

01:03:45.000 --> 01:03:49.999
Governor Hatfield of Oregon said the most
recent escalation of action in Vietnam

01:03:50.000 --> 01:03:54.999
is moving all the people to the
old closer to World War III

01:03:55.000 --> 01:03:59.999
and we have no moral right to commit the world
and especially our own people to World War III

01:04:00.000 --> 01:04:04.999
unilaterally or by the
decision of a few experts.

01:04:05.000 --> 01:04:09.999
This seems to imply rather strong
criticism of President policies…

01:04:10.000 --> 01:04:14.999
Yes, I don\'t interpret it that way. I
think there are dangers in escalation.

01:04:15.000 --> 01:04:19.999
I don\'t think I have any right commit the whole
World of World War III. I\'m doing everything I know

01:04:20.000 --> 01:04:24.999
how to avoid it but retreat is not
necessarily the best way to avoid it.

01:04:25.000 --> 01:04:29.999
[sil.]

01:04:30.000 --> 01:04:38.000
[music]

01:04:40.000 --> 01:04:44.999
It is 1965, the democratic majority

01:04:45.000 --> 01:04:49.999
in both houses of Congress has increased. It was
positively ruined nation for the Republicans.

01:04:50.000 --> 01:04:54.999
So Johnson is in a position
that Kennedy was never in

01:04:55.000 --> 01:04:59.999
or anybody else was ever in up
to that point. I\'m not saying

01:05:00.000 --> 01:05:04.999
he could do what he wanted but
the choices open to Johnson,

01:05:05.000 --> 01:05:09.999
particularly with regard to Vietnam
War, it was a very wide array of it.

01:05:10.000 --> 01:05:14.999
He could do everything from endow US
involvement and manage that politically

01:05:15.000 --> 01:05:19.999
because all of his people were
in charge in the Congress

01:05:20.000 --> 01:05:24.999
or he could choose to escalate. The fact, plus
the fact that a man that builds an oil well…

01:05:25.000 --> 01:05:29.999
Enter Hubert Humphrey… And he finally hits one, he can
take all of the indications for all of the losses

01:05:30.000 --> 01:05:34.999
that he had been before. But senator isn\'t that…
There are 45 separate (inaudible) these are benefits

01:05:35.000 --> 01:05:39.999
given by the government for mining
and gas and oil development.

01:05:40.000 --> 01:05:44.999
What you didn\'t have in 1925 and I say that it\'s absolutely
wrong in… (inaudible) then surprised as the supply of oil

01:05:45.000 --> 01:05:49.999
and other critical raw materials are concerned… That\'s
correct, the supply is even the known supply today

01:05:50.000 --> 01:05:54.999
is much greater than it was in 1925 and…
…That the bond market for gas and oil wells

01:05:55.000 --> 01:05:59.999
are gilt edged securities and the profit
percentage and gas and oil development is

01:06:00.000 --> 01:06:04.999
above any other commodity
in the American market.

01:06:05.000 --> 01:06:09.999
[music]

01:06:10.000 --> 01:06:14.999
Humphrey deeply concerned that

01:06:15.000 --> 01:06:19.999
the momentum toward war in South Vietnam was
gonna completely overwhelmed anybody\'s ability

01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:24.999
to keep up with it to tamp it down to slow
it down, so the probable consequences of it

01:06:25.000 --> 01:06:29.999
could be examined. Humphrey decides
to write his president a memo.

01:06:30.000 --> 01:06:34.999
\"Mr. President…\" and he said, \"…this
is not Korea. It is not clear.

01:06:35.000 --> 01:06:39.999
You\'re not going to be able to explain this to the
American people. It\'s gonna chew up American boys

01:06:40.000 --> 01:06:44.999
and you\'re not gonna be able to say why.
Mr. President, you must have noticed

01:06:45.000 --> 01:06:49.999
that our key allies, they\'re seeing this build-up
in Southeast Asia all around the South Vietnam

01:06:50.000 --> 01:06:54.999
and they\'re worried. What\'s gonna happen?
Are we gonna go to war there?

01:06:55.000 --> 01:06:59.999
Is that what we care about? Our allies France, Germany and
England, think that the number one priority should be Europe.

01:07:00.000 --> 01:07:04.999
I, Hubert Humphrey think it should be Europe. You\'re
the expert on the Congress, have you noticed?

01:07:05.000 --> 01:07:09.999
That all of the… the committee chairman are opposed
and if you notice what\'s happened in South Vietnam

01:07:10.000 --> 01:07:14.999
since President Kennedy died, it\'s
gotten worse and worse and worse

01:07:15.000 --> 01:07:19.999
to the point where we don\'t even know who we\'re supporting
half the time to the point where the Vietcong now control

01:07:20.000 --> 01:07:24.999
more than 50% of the country
South Vietnam\'s a basket case.

01:07:25.000 --> 01:07:29.999
There is no South Vietnamese government to speak
of unless you\'re talking about the U.S. advisors

01:07:30.000 --> 01:07:34.999
to that… to that government.
The Vietcong isn\'t insurgency.

01:07:35.000 --> 01:07:39.999
It has managed to win the hearts and minds of the
people of South Vietnam. No matter what we may think

01:07:40.000 --> 01:07:44.999
of communist ideology, it\'s working.
Do we have a message

01:07:45.000 --> 01:07:49.999
that we can deliver at that level
to those people. Are we credible?

01:07:50.000 --> 01:07:54.999
Do we know the Vietnamese language,
culture, history, we don\'t.

01:07:55.000 --> 01:07:59.999
If we choose to go to war, if you Mr.
President, make that choice

01:08:00.000 --> 01:08:04.999
to go to war, you\'ll have to consider
that we won\'t know what we\'re doing.\"

01:08:05.000 --> 01:08:09.999
[music]

01:08:10.000 --> 01:08:14.999
In other words, what\'s happened?
Hubert Humphrey has done his president

01:08:15.000 --> 01:08:19.999
and the world the great favor of laying in
front of Johnson, the political arguments,

01:08:20.000 --> 01:08:24.999
the arguments about the politics of
Vietnam. He\'s laid them out crystal-clear

01:08:25.000 --> 01:08:29.999
in a 3.5 page memo, given it to
Johnson, he\'s not copied it.

01:08:30.000 --> 01:08:34.999
And now we ask what happens.

01:08:35.000 --> 01:08:39.999
Johnson refused even to
give Humphrey a meeting,

01:08:40.000 --> 01:08:44.999
he subsequently black balled Hubert
Humphrey, he expelled him from all meetings

01:08:45.000 --> 01:08:49.999
having to do with Vietnam. Based
on this memo and some speeches

01:08:50.000 --> 01:08:54.999
that Humphrey had given, he urges his
colleagues when they\'re with Humphrey too

01:08:55.000 --> 01:08:59.999
in effect keep him under surveillance.

01:09:00.000 --> 01:09:04.999
You know, Hubert declared that carefully,
everybody said New York with you.

01:09:05.000 --> 01:09:10.000
Well, I say he\'s got a good negotiation.

01:10:10.000 --> 01:10:14.999
And we shall fight the battle

01:10:15.000 --> 01:10:19.999
against aggression in Vietnam
to a successful conclusion

01:10:20.000 --> 01:10:24.999
and throughout the world we shall
fight the battle for peace

01:10:25.000 --> 01:10:29.999
and to the American
people who have given us

01:10:30.000 --> 01:10:34.999
their strength and every hour of trial,

01:10:35.000 --> 01:10:39.999
I say to you that we shall fight
all of these battles successfully.

01:10:40.000 --> 01:10:44.999
And President John F. Kennedy said in 1962,

01:10:45.000 --> 01:10:49.999
withdrawal in the case of Vietnam might
mean a collapse of the entire area,

01:10:50.000 --> 01:10:54.999
a year later he reaffirm and I quote that

01:10:55.000 --> 01:10:59.999
we\'re not going to
withdraw from that effort,

01:11:00.000 --> 01:11:04.999
we just must not mislead the enemy.
Let him not think that

01:11:05.000 --> 01:11:09.999
debate and dissent we\'ll
produce wavering and withdrawn

01:11:10.000 --> 01:11:14.999
or I can assure you they won\'t.

01:11:15.000 --> 01:11:19.999
And so the true peacekeepers
in the world tonight

01:11:20.000 --> 01:11:24.999
are not those who are just to
retire from the field in Vietnam,

01:11:25.000 --> 01:11:29.999
who tell us to try to find
the quickest, cheapest exit

01:11:30.000 --> 01:11:34.999
from that tormented land no matter
what the consequences to us maybe,

01:11:35.000 --> 01:11:39.999
the true peacekeepers, are
those man who stand out there

01:11:40.000 --> 01:11:44.999
on the DMZ at this very hour, taking
the worst that the enemy can give.

01:11:45.000 --> 01:11:49.999
The true peacekeepers are the soldiers

01:11:50.000 --> 01:11:54.999
who are breaking the terrorist grip.
My fellow Americans,

01:11:55.000 --> 01:11:59.999
not long ago, I received a letter
from a woman in the Midwest.

01:12:00.000 --> 01:12:04.999
She wrote, \"Dear Mr. President,

01:12:05.000 --> 01:12:09.999
in my humble way I\'m writing to you

01:12:10.000 --> 01:12:14.999
about the crisis in Vietnam. I
have a son who is now in Vietnam,

01:12:15.000 --> 01:12:19.999
my husband served in World War II.
Our country was at war

01:12:20.000 --> 01:12:24.999
but now this time, it\'s just
something that I don\'t understand.

01:12:25.000 --> 01:12:29.999
Why?\" Well, I\'ve tried

01:12:30.000 --> 01:12:34.999
to answer that question,
dozens of times and more.

01:12:35.000 --> 01:12:39.999
Americans have gone

01:12:40.000 --> 01:12:44.999
too far lands away to fight for freedom.

01:12:45.000 --> 01:12:49.999
We have learned a terrible and brutal calls

01:12:50.000 --> 01:12:54.999
that retreat does not bring safety,

01:12:55.000 --> 01:12:59.999
and weakness does not bring peace.

01:13:00.000 --> 01:13:04.999
And it is this lesson

01:13:05.000 --> 01:13:09.999
that has brought us to Vietnam. No better
word to describe our present course

01:13:10.000 --> 01:13:14.999
than those spoken by the
great Thomas Jefferson,

01:13:15.000 --> 01:13:19.999
\"It is the melancholy law of human
societies to be compelled sometime

01:13:20.000 --> 01:13:24.999
to choose a great evil

01:13:25.000 --> 01:13:29.999
in order to ward off a greater
(inaudible).\" We have chosen in fact

01:13:30.000 --> 01:13:34.999
a limited war in Vietnam

01:13:35.000 --> 01:13:39.999
and attempt to prevent a larger war.

01:13:40.000 --> 01:13:44.999
For the end is not yet, I cannot promise
you that it will come this year

01:13:45.000 --> 01:13:49.999
or come next year.

01:13:50.000 --> 01:13:54.999
I adversary still believes
I think tonight that

01:13:55.000 --> 01:13:59.999
he can go on fighting longer than we can.
Good evening my fellow Americans.

01:14:00.000 --> 01:14:04.999
Tonight I want to speak to
you of peace in Vietnam

01:14:05.000 --> 01:14:09.999
and Southeast Asia. No other question.

01:14:10.000 --> 01:14:14.999
So preoccupies our people.

01:14:15.000 --> 01:14:19.999
Many men on both sides of
the struggle will be long,

01:14:20.000 --> 01:14:24.999
a nation that has already
suffered 20 years of warfare

01:14:25.000 --> 01:14:29.999
will suffer once again. Armies on
both sides will take you casualty

01:14:30.000 --> 01:14:34.999
and the war will go on.

01:14:35.000 --> 01:14:39.999
There is no need for this to be so.

01:14:40.000 --> 01:14:44.999
I shall not see and I will not accept

01:14:45.000 --> 01:14:49.999
the nomination of my party for
another term as your President.

01:14:50.000 --> 01:14:55.000
[music]

01:15:05.000 --> 01:15:09.999
Lyndon Johnson suffered terribly
because the Vietnam War.

01:15:10.000 --> 01:15:14.999
It prevented him from doing what he wanted
to do, he was just broken by this war.

01:15:15.000 --> 01:15:19.999
I\'m sure his life ended prematurely because of
this war, he did not enjoy dealing with this war,

01:15:20.000 --> 01:15:24.999
he hated it, but a president has to choose

01:15:25.000 --> 01:15:29.999
and Lyndon Johnson signed
that piece of paper,

01:15:30.000 --> 01:15:34.999
sending 18,000 combat troops to General William
Westmoreland in Saigon, the field commander over there

01:15:35.000 --> 01:15:39.999
and he told him to win the war.
He made that choice.

01:15:40.000 --> 01:15:44.999
Ladybird Johnson\'s diary
contains many entries

01:15:45.000 --> 01:15:49.999
along the following lines. I wish
poor Lyndon had never taken this job,

01:15:50.000 --> 01:15:54.999
I wish poor Lyndon had never heard of
Vietnam. He\'s sick, he throws up at night,

01:15:55.000 --> 01:15:59.999
he\'s drinking too heavily, he heads down
the hallway in the middle of the night

01:16:00.000 --> 01:16:04.999
and asked the CIA guy in charge in the
Situation Room. \"How many boys if we loss

01:16:05.000 --> 01:16:09.999
since I went to bed?\" And
it\'s not Johnson\'s fault

01:16:10.000 --> 01:16:14.999
and it\'s not necessarily to Kennedy\'s credit.
He was a different kind of president.

01:16:15.000 --> 01:16:19.999
It makes a big difference I think

01:16:20.000 --> 01:16:24.999
who we elect a president in
matters of war and peace.

01:16:25.000 --> 01:16:33.000
[music]

01:16:35.000 --> 01:16:39.999
Yes, I thank the American people ought to understand
that there is no quick solution to the problem

01:16:40.000 --> 01:16:44.999
that we face there. I would not
want to (inaudible) or predict

01:16:45.000 --> 01:16:49.999
whether it would be a matter of months
or years or decades. I do not know that

01:16:50.000 --> 01:16:54.999
we had any accurate timetable on how
long it would take to bring victory

01:16:55.000 --> 01:16:59.999
in World War I. I don\'t think anyone really
knew or two years or four years or six years

01:17:00.000 --> 01:17:04.999
to meet the success in World War II.

01:17:05.000 --> 01:17:09.999
I cannot foresee what next year or the
following year, the following year the whole,

01:17:10.000 --> 01:17:14.999
I don\'t know that the Americans
will do whatever is necessary.

01:17:15.000 --> 01:17:19.999
I do not want to speculate on
the reaction or other people.

01:17:20.000 --> 01:17:24.999
This nation is prepared and we will always be
prepared to protect its national interests.

01:17:25.000 --> 01:17:29.999
We intend to bury no one.

01:17:30.000 --> 01:17:34.999
[music]

01:17:35.000 --> 01:17:40.000
And we do not intend to be buried.

01:18:15.000 --> 01:18:20.000
[sil.]