00:00:44.160 --> 00:00:46.860
-Shostakovich was a man of his time

00:00:47.030 --> 00:00:51.240
and a voice of his time,
a voice of his country.

00:00:51.300 --> 00:00:54.900
(music)

00:01:13.760 --> 00:01:17.300
(music)

00:01:23.130 --> 00:01:26.440
- I refuse to believe
that every Russian is an idiot.

00:01:27.040 --> 00:01:29.540
Everyone says, "We did not know.

00:01:29.670 --> 00:01:31.110
"We didn't understand.

00:01:31.240 --> 00:01:32.680
"We believed Stalin.

00:01:32.780 --> 00:01:33.910
"We were tricked.

00:01:34.010 --> 00:01:35.580
"How cruelly we were tricked."

00:01:36.980 --> 00:01:39.250
I feel anger at such people.

00:01:40.020 --> 00:01:41.620
Of course they understood.

00:01:41.690 --> 00:01:42.850
They must've understood.

00:01:43.050 --> 00:01:44.820
How could they not have understood

00:01:44.920 --> 00:01:47.290
that a war was being waged against them?

00:01:47.360 --> 00:01:50.730
(music)

00:02:08.780 --> 00:02:11.620
-Shostakovich was incredibly successful

00:02:11.880 --> 00:02:16.690
and Stalin maybe
did not like this coming fame,

00:02:16.990 --> 00:02:18.020
incredible fame.

00:02:18.260 --> 00:02:20.260
And it was just too strong.

00:02:22.430 --> 00:02:30.430
Stalin was quickly,
quickly moving to 1937,

00:02:30.930 --> 00:02:32.670
the famous year of our history.

00:02:33.540 --> 00:02:36.010
It was already clear for him

00:02:36.040 --> 00:02:39.280
that the country was becoming
one concenstration camp,

00:02:40.340 --> 00:02:44.680
so there were no places
for Shostakovich.

00:02:44.780 --> 00:02:48.150
(music)

00:03:06.999 --> 00:03:11.140
(singing)

00:03:54.820 --> 00:03:59.020
- Lady Macbeth was a huge success
in Moscow and in Leningrad.

00:03:59.260 --> 00:04:01.560
This was my happiest time.

00:04:02.030 --> 00:04:03.330
Before the opera,

00:04:03.490 --> 00:04:05.700
I was a boy who might have been spanked,

00:04:05.800 --> 00:04:08.230
and later, I was a state criminal.

00:04:08.670 --> 00:04:12.570
But at that moment,
everything seemed to be fine.

00:04:16.670 --> 00:04:21.650
On January 26, 1936,
Comrade Stalin ordered me

00:04:21.710 --> 00:04:24.310
to attend a command
performance of my opera.

00:04:24.450 --> 00:04:27.850
He, Molotov, and Zdanov,
they were all present.

00:04:28.690 --> 00:04:30.550
It seemed to be going very well,

00:04:30.720 --> 00:04:33.760
but then, Stalin stood up
and walked out

00:04:33.890 --> 00:04:35.360
just before the third Act.

00:04:36.030 --> 00:04:38.860
I don't think he responded well
to the main theme--

00:04:39.030 --> 00:04:41.530
the justified murder of a tyrant.

00:06:20.700 --> 00:06:22.500
-Stalin hated my opera.

00:06:22.600 --> 00:06:24.270
He hated its success.

00:06:24.600 --> 00:06:26.300
And off course, everyone knew

00:06:26.370 --> 00:06:29.510
that our beloved leader
was the greatest of the great,

00:06:29.740 --> 00:06:31.440
the wisest of the wise.

00:06:32.080 --> 00:06:34.610
Many believed
that Stalin himself had written

00:06:34.640 --> 00:06:36.280
that editorial in Pravda.

00:06:36.480 --> 00:06:39.450
It accused me
of writing formalistic music.

00:06:39.780 --> 00:06:43.020
Music that was against
the people and concluded

00:06:43.090 --> 00:06:45.320
that all of this could end very badly.

00:06:46.190 --> 00:06:49.460
Everyone was waiting
for that bad end to come.

00:07:25.530 --> 00:07:29.100
(music)

00:08:09.740 --> 00:08:13.580
(music)

00:08:57.020 --> 00:09:00.360
(music)

00:09:20.380 --> 00:09:21.880
-This symphony was not performed

00:09:21.950 --> 00:09:23.410
for many, many, many years.

00:09:23.750 --> 00:09:26.720
Shostakovich, in fact,
canceled the performance

00:09:26.780 --> 00:09:29.690
and it was practically destroyed,
the music.

00:09:30.450 --> 00:09:33.060
Shostakovich maybe already
described the history

00:09:33.160 --> 00:09:36.130
of what Europe was facing already,
what Europe was approaching.

00:09:36.230 --> 00:09:39.930
It was a prophetic vision
of Shostakovich-- prophetic.

00:09:40.060 --> 00:09:43.030
And that's why I wanted to
use practically unmusical openings.

00:09:44.800 --> 00:09:48.570
Not want you normally would do
with Tchaikovsky, with Brahms.

00:09:48.710 --> 00:09:55.610
Like you have something you beat,
you punish, aggressive.

00:09:56.310 --> 00:09:59.920
We will do maybe 62, which is 4
bars before the passage.

00:10:00.150 --> 00:10:01.150
62.

00:10:03.490 --> 00:10:04.050
Look.

00:10:04.350 --> 00:10:05.760
Beat.

00:10:05.790 --> 00:10:09.120
(music)

00:10:33.120 --> 00:10:37.520
- He had this located,
better than anyone else.

00:10:38.820 --> 00:10:43.230
Taking these waves
before the actual event happened.

00:10:44.230 --> 00:10:48.970
Telling the whole world
about coming tragedy

00:10:49.030 --> 00:10:51.600
of the years of Stalin and his terrors,

00:10:51.770 --> 00:10:59.770
or of the coming horror
and deaths of millions

00:10:59.940 --> 00:11:04.580
of people long before
this event actually took place.

00:11:04.780 --> 00:11:09.690
This is what amazes me personally
in Dmitri Shostakovich.

00:11:45.560 --> 00:11:49.020
(music)

00:15:05.560 --> 00:15:07.590
(playing the piano)

00:15:41.360 --> 00:15:44.790
(music)

00:16:25.470 --> 00:16:28.710
(playing piano)

00:17:18.020 --> 00:17:21.460
(music)

00:19:42.970 --> 00:19:44.400
-The people who applauded

00:19:44.500 --> 00:19:46.700
the 5th Symphony must've understood it.

00:19:47.300 --> 00:19:50.440
The rejoicing is forced,
created under threat.

00:19:50.570 --> 00:19:53.740
It's as if someone
were beating you with a stick

00:19:53.840 --> 00:19:56.780
and saying,
"Your business is rejoicing,"

00:19:56.950 --> 00:20:01.020
and you rise shaking,
and go marching off muttering,

00:20:01.180 --> 00:20:03.490
"Our business is rejoicing.

00:20:03.650 --> 00:20:05.890
"Our business is rejoicing."

00:20:46.800 --> 00:20:48.130
-What a great honor.

00:20:48.200 --> 00:20:51.100
It seems that Stalin has approved
my 5th Symphony.

00:20:52.070 --> 00:20:53.599
It has been officially retitled.

00:20:53.599 --> 00:20:57.640
"A Soviet Artist's Response
To Justified Criticism."

00:20:59.110 --> 00:21:01.980
The reaction of the audience
or the critics makes

00:21:02.040 --> 00:21:03.180
no difference at all.

00:21:03.250 --> 00:21:05.180
There is only one
question that matters--

00:21:05.280 --> 00:21:07.320
How does the leader like your work?

00:21:08.080 --> 00:21:10.590
The answer could mean life or death.

00:21:10.690 --> 00:21:13.999
(music)

00:23:01.930 --> 00:23:05.900
(music)

00:23:24.050 --> 00:23:26.860
(gunshots)

00:28:35.800 --> 00:28:39.940
(music)

00:30:13.000 --> 00:30:16.199
(music)

00:31:34.510 --> 00:31:38.310
Like all Russians, I've seen
and lived through a great deal,

00:31:38.780 --> 00:31:42.020
but the war was probably
the hardest trial.

00:31:42.420 --> 00:31:44.950
Not for composers and poets,

00:31:45.290 --> 00:31:48.060
not for me personally,
but for the people.

00:31:48.360 --> 00:31:50.160
The people suffered.

00:31:50.660 --> 00:31:52.630
Think how many perished.

00:31:52.930 --> 00:31:53.930
Millions.

00:31:54.130 --> 00:31:57.470
(music)

00:32:43.150 --> 00:32:46.680
(music)

00:33:56.890 --> 00:34:01.260
(music)

00:35:31.110 --> 00:35:34.950
(music)

00:36:41.320 --> 00:36:44.350
(music)

00:38:27.190 --> 00:38:30.930
(music)

00:39:13.440 --> 00:39:17.940
(music)

00:41:31.340 --> 00:41:34.610
(music)

00:42:26.730 --> 00:42:30.130
(music)

00:42:45.410 --> 00:42:49.780
- The message to the world
reached millions of people,

00:42:50.020 --> 00:42:52.290
became more than a symphony.

00:42:52.590 --> 00:42:56.990
It became a symbol-- a symbol
of resistance or a symbol of,

00:42:57.260 --> 00:43:01.630
let's say, culture
being alive and so on.

00:43:01.860 --> 00:43:05.070
It's a great act of a great man.

00:43:05.200 --> 00:43:08.570
(music)

00:43:17.850 --> 00:43:20.550
- Stalin took special interest
in my symphony.

00:43:20.780 --> 00:43:22.720
It became his symphony,

00:43:22.920 --> 00:43:25.850
and he made sure it would be
broadcast to the world.

00:43:26.020 --> 00:43:29.820
He wanted to show that
nothing could stop Russia,

00:43:29.990 --> 00:43:32.190
that nothing could stop Russian culture,

00:43:32.390 --> 00:43:34.999
that nothing could stop him.

00:43:34.999 --> 00:43:39.230
And I, for the moment,
became the great leader's mouthpiece.

00:43:39.430 --> 00:43:42.640
(music)

00:44:28.720 --> 00:44:31.000
(applause)

00:45:47.930 --> 00:45:49.930
-I could never say this publicly,

00:45:50.100 --> 00:45:52.870
but all Fascism is repugnant to me--

00:45:53.030 --> 00:45:54.500
not only German Fascism.

00:45:55.770 --> 00:45:58.110
People like to say that before the war,

00:45:58.170 --> 00:45:59.440
everything was idyllic,

00:45:59.670 --> 00:46:03.040
that everything was just fine
until Hitler bothered us.

00:46:03.980 --> 00:46:07.180
Hitler is a criminal,
that's clear, but so is Stalin.

00:46:09.320 --> 00:46:11.820
I have called the 7th
the Leningrad Symphony,

00:46:12.050 --> 00:46:14.920
but it's not only about
Leningrad during the siege.

00:46:15.090 --> 00:46:17.460
It's about the Leningrad that Stalin

00:46:17.560 --> 00:46:20.900
has been systematically
destroying and that Hitler

00:46:21.060 --> 00:46:23.230
is merely trying to finish off.

00:46:33.610 --> 00:46:36.940
(music)

00:47:18.150 --> 00:47:22.390
(playing the piano)

00:48:06.030 --> 00:48:08.670
-I suffer for all who
are tortured, shot,

00:48:08.740 --> 00:48:09.970
or starved to death--

00:48:10.370 --> 00:48:13.610
whether they're killed by Hitler
or on Stalin's orders.

00:48:14.680 --> 00:48:18.250
I feel eternal pain
for each of the victims.

00:48:20.520 --> 00:48:23.620
My symphonies are tombstones.

00:48:23.720 --> 00:48:26.720
(music)

00:48:41.940 --> 00:48:45.470
- Shostakovich was at the prime
of his artistic powers.

00:48:45.640 --> 00:48:49.810
You don't have to be General
Secretary of Communist Party

00:48:50.010 --> 00:48:52.980
to finally appear to be
a very powerful man.

00:48:53.180 --> 00:48:56.180
He was not a powerful politician,

00:48:56.380 --> 00:48:58.020
he just was a powerful artist,

00:48:58.220 --> 00:49:01.060
in fact, more powerful
than all politicians.

00:49:01.190 --> 00:49:04.460
(music)

00:49:40.560 --> 00:49:43.830
- My 8th Symphony has been
declared counter-revolutionary

00:49:43.900 --> 00:49:45.230
and anti-Soviet.

00:49:45.400 --> 00:49:48.740
"Why has Shostakovich
written a tragic symphony

00:49:48.840 --> 00:49:50.070
"when we're on the attack?

00:49:50.340 --> 00:49:52.340
"When we are defeating the enemy?

00:49:52.540 --> 00:49:54.680
"He should be celebrating
our victories."

00:49:54.810 --> 00:49:58.240
(music)

00:50:36.780 --> 00:50:40.490
(music)

00:52:17.550 --> 00:52:21.190
(music)

00:54:32.490 --> 00:54:36.290
(music)

00:54:51.140 --> 00:54:53.110
- When the war against Hitler was won,

00:54:53.240 --> 00:54:55.140
Stalin went off the deep end.

00:54:56.140 --> 00:54:58.310
He had never questioned
his own greatness,

00:54:58.380 --> 00:55:01.020
but now he was like
a frog puffing himself up

00:55:01.080 --> 00:55:02.680
to the size of an ox.

00:55:02.880 --> 00:55:06.690
So of course, he expected from me
a majestic 9th Symphony.

00:55:06.950 --> 00:55:08.490
An ode to his victory.

00:55:08.560 --> 00:55:12.020
(music)

00:55:28.880 --> 00:55:32.040
(music)

00:55:45.230 --> 00:55:48.460
(music)

00:56:23.330 --> 00:56:26.430
(music)

00:56:51.060 --> 00:56:54.460
(music)

00:56:53.560 --> 00:56:57.230
- Stalin was incensed because
my symphony had no ode,

00:56:57.300 --> 00:57:00.630
no apotheosis,
not even a paltry dedication,

00:57:00.770 --> 00:57:04.200
and my impertinence
would cost me dearly.

00:57:04.270 --> 00:57:06.270
(music)

01:00:56.100 --> 01:01:00.110
(music)

01:01:39.850 --> 01:01:42.550
- I had to be taught
some valuable lessons.

01:01:42.620 --> 01:01:44.550
So first my music was banned,

01:01:44.990 --> 01:01:48.120
then I was fired from
my job at the conservatory.

01:01:48.320 --> 01:01:51.630
And to complete my education,
I was called to Moscow

01:01:51.690 --> 01:01:53.160
for a show whipping.

01:01:53.260 --> 01:01:55.800
Like all my other misguided comrades,

01:01:55.930 --> 01:01:59.370
I was given the opportunity
to denounce my own crimes.

01:06:51.520 --> 01:06:55.090
(music)

01:08:11.340 --> 01:08:13.310
(applause)

01:08:17.980 --> 01:08:20.380
(music)

01:08:24.780 --> 01:08:28.690
- Stalin took charge
of the Soviet film industry personally.

01:08:29.490 --> 01:08:32.860
He wanted it to create
only great masterpieces,

01:08:33.160 --> 01:08:35.700
and was convinced that
under his brilliant leadership

01:08:35.830 --> 01:08:37.160
it could do so.

01:08:37.999 --> 01:08:39.830
The results are well known.

01:08:39.900 --> 01:08:42.570
- Alexei!

01:08:43.000 --> 01:08:44.200
- Natasha!

01:08:51.180 --> 01:08:53.580
- That's the only reason
I managed to survive.

01:08:54.380 --> 01:08:58.550
Stalin decided that Shostakovich
could write film scores

01:08:58.720 --> 01:09:00.620
and he never changed his mind.

01:09:02.160 --> 01:09:07.560
My participation in these unseemly
things saved me more than once.

01:09:24.110 --> 01:09:26.480
(cheering)

01:10:07.320 --> 01:10:11.890
- The illusions that sustain us
crumble slowly, painfully.

01:10:12.060 --> 01:10:14.999
They wither away gradually,

01:10:15.560 --> 01:10:19.100
until at last one finds that
one has no illusions left at all.

01:10:20.730 --> 01:10:21.970
But they do not vanish.

01:10:22.300 --> 01:10:25.310
They remain, rotting in one's soul.

01:10:27.210 --> 01:10:31.850
I will carry my illusions buried
within me as long as I live.

01:10:40.290 --> 01:10:43.820
(music)

01:12:07.770 --> 01:12:11.210
(music)

01:15:17.800 --> 01:15:21.004
(music)

01:15:23.399 --> 01:15:27.512
- One must speak the truth about
the past or not speak at all.

01:15:30.148 --> 01:15:32.383
It's very difficult-- when looking back,

01:15:32.550 --> 01:15:37.188
I see nothing but ruins,
only mountains of corpses.

01:15:52.370 --> 01:15:55.206
Music illuminates a person
through and through,

01:15:55.206 --> 01:15:58.676
and it is also his last hope
and final refuge.

01:15:59.744 --> 01:16:03.114
And even half-mad Stalin,
a beast and a butcher,

01:16:03.347 --> 01:16:06.350
instinctively sensed that about music.

01:16:08.719 --> 01:16:11.489
That is why he feared and hated it.

01:16:14.258 --> 01:16:20.331
- Stalin-- dictator, tyrant,
a very powerful man.

01:16:21.465 --> 01:16:24.099
His presence only, I think,

01:16:24.099 --> 01:16:28.806
all together made
Shostakovich becoming stronger

01:16:28.839 --> 01:16:30.841
and stronger and stronger and stronger.

01:16:31.175 --> 01:16:39.016
The pressure which was put
on Shostakovich worked to the better.

01:16:39.517 --> 01:16:43.453
(music)