Stephanie, Erdo and Kay-Kay
- Description
- Reviews
- Citation
- Cataloging
- Transcript
If you are not affiliated with a college or university, and are interested in watching this film, please register as an individual and login to rent this film. Already registered? Login to rent this film.
In California, Stephanie's father worked as a logger, caught up in the 1992 controversy surrounding the spotted owl and logging taking place in the bird's habitat. Today, Stephanie's still an outdoor girl -- rodeo riding, fishing, shooting, and accompanying her truck driver boyfriend on the road.
Erdo was the eighth child born into a nomadic Turkana family in the drought-ridden north of Kenya. Despite his mother Esther's heroic efforts to ensure his education, a teenage Erdo drifted into living with street gangs in the local town of Isiolo until Esther tracked him down and persuaded him to return to school, where he's now training to be a mechanic.
Our final `Earth Summit' child, Kay-Kay, was born in the city of Guangzhou just as China's economy was taking off. A star pupil at school, Kay-Kay's now an undergraduate at a brand new university on the outskirts of the city, but still goes home to see her parents and sing karaoke with them on the weekends.
Part of the Zero Ten Twenty series.
'Zero, Ten, Twenty offers a gritty, realistic view of the slow grind of progress internationally. This film underscores the ecological contributions of family, community, governance and culture in the successes and sometimes the continued struggles of children growing up in an uncertain world.' Dr. Deborah J. Johnson, Professor of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, Editor, Vulnerable Children: Global Challenges in Education, Health, Well-Being, and Child Rights
'This is a truly remarkable film. It illuminates differences in class, gender, race, and culture. It brings to life changes in childhood, in work, and in the environment. It is a must-see across fields like education, psychology, sociology, international development, women's studies, environmental studies, globalization studies, and more.' Steven J. Klees, Professor of International and Comparative Education, University of Maryland, Former President of the U.S. Comparative and International Education Society, Co-author of The World Bank and Education: Critiques and Alternatives
'Zero, Ten, Twenty characterizes the ongoing, perhaps increasing, challenges of ensuring the well-being of children across the world, even when politicians pledged to improve it 20 years ago. It also shows the absolute necessity of the commitment of parents to their children in order for their children to have a chance at survival, whatever that might mean in a particular place. While governments can provide some opportunities or supports, it is still up to the parents to give children the love and attention they need to grow up healthy and happy.' Dr. Robert Goerge, Senior Research Fellow at Chapin Hall, Senior Fellow at Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, co-Founder of the International Society for Child Indicators
'These beautiful films evoke the complex tangle of environmental, economic, cultural, social and personal issues in the life of an extraordinary group of ordinary young people...A profoundly moving series, which captures not only the conflict between economic necessity and the ecological imperative, but also the ways in which this fundamental contradiction is inflected by the determination and idealism of young people. It offers rich material for impassioned discussion, since there is no self-evident way out of the developmental paradox, whereby we grow rich individually, and are impoverished collectively.' Jeremy Seabrook, Journalist and Writer, Author, Children of a New World: Society, Culture, and Globalization and Children of Other Worlds: Exploitation in the Global Market
Citation
Main credits
Sorrentino, Bruno (cinematographer)
Sorrentino, Bruno (film director)
Omaar, Rageh (narrator)
Other credits
Editors, Mikhael Junod, Guy Creasey; composer, Philip Chambon.
Distributor subjects
African Studies; American Studies; Anthropology; Asian Studies; At-risk Youth; China; Community; Developing World; Economics; Education; Environment; Forests and Rainforests; Geography; Globalization; Psychology; Social Psychology; Sociology; Women's StudiesKeywords
WEBVTT
00:00:00.830 --> 00:00:02.069
[SIRENS]
00:00:02.070 --> 00:00:06.489
Narrator: It\'s 1992.
00:00:06.490 --> 00:00:09.529
- 178 world leaders
gathered in...
00:00:09.530 --> 00:00:11.099
- They\'re calling it
the summit that
00:00:11.100 --> 00:00:12.350
will save the planet.
00:00:14.400 --> 00:00:17.249
Narrator: For 20 years, we have
followed the lives of 11
00:00:17.250 --> 00:00:23.059
children, born in 10 countries
across the world, all born at
00:00:23.060 --> 00:00:25.829
the time of the Rio
Earth Summit.
00:00:25.830 --> 00:00:29.009
The first time world leaders
had got together to promise
00:00:29.010 --> 00:00:31.839
future generations
a better world.
00:00:31.840 --> 00:00:37.629
- If a man cheats the Earth,
the Earth will cheat man.
00:00:37.630 --> 00:00:39.949
Narrator: We wanted to know if
the promises of the Earth
00:00:39.950 --> 00:00:43.329
Summit would be fulfilled
in their lives.
00:00:43.330 --> 00:00:47.159
- I am fighting for my future.
00:00:47.160 --> 00:00:49.799
Narrator: The promise of a
cleaner, healthier, better
00:00:49.800 --> 00:00:52.689
educated and less
dangerous world.
00:00:52.690 --> 00:00:56.279
- I am here to speak for all
generations to come.
00:00:56.280 --> 00:00:59.909
Narrator: These are the babies,
then kids, then
00:00:59.910 --> 00:01:03.580
teenagers, and now young adults
we\'ve been following.
00:01:06.340 --> 00:01:10.259
It\'s a unique invention,
spanning our fast-changing
00:01:10.260 --> 00:01:14.849
world over 20 years through the
lives of our children and
00:01:14.850 --> 00:01:19.719
their families in far corners
of the Earth.
00:01:19.720 --> 00:01:23.899
Now in 2012, there\'s a new
Earth Summit in Rio.
00:01:23.900 --> 00:01:27.839
And we\'ve returned to each child
to discover what lessons
00:01:27.840 --> 00:01:29.830
their lives have to offer.
00:01:39.160 --> 00:01:43.139
Narrator: In this episode, we
traveled to northern Kenya,
00:01:43.140 --> 00:01:48.309
where for 20 years we followed
Erdo whose nomadic way of life
00:01:48.310 --> 00:01:52.169
is under threat; Northern
California, where Stephanie
00:01:52.170 --> 00:01:55.739
Standley is born into a world
where business clashes with
00:01:55.740 --> 00:02:00.829
concern for the environment;
and southern China, where a
00:02:00.830 --> 00:02:03.989
modern industrial revolution
will transform the life of
00:02:03.990 --> 00:02:05.439
Baby Kay-Kay.
00:02:05.440 --> 00:02:08.409
- But not everyone agrees
with cultural boycott...
00:02:08.410 --> 00:02:12.369
- whole villages emptied at
the center of allegations...
00:02:12.370 --> 00:02:15.829
- only a few get rich, but
everyone lives on hope...
00:02:15.830 --> 00:02:17.319
- Deng\'s economic reform...
00:02:17.320 --> 00:02:21.279
- Youth and inexperience are
no match for maturity and
00:02:21.280 --> 00:02:22.530
determination.
00:02:28.750 --> 00:02:31.769
Narrator: Meet Stephanie
Standley, born at the time of
00:02:31.770 --> 00:02:37.109
the Rio Earth Summit in 1992,
in the heart of North
00:02:37.110 --> 00:02:39.679
California\'s famous
giant redwood
00:02:39.680 --> 00:02:42.310
forests, a dreamlike world.
00:02:47.660 --> 00:02:50.259
- Toast to good friends.
00:02:50.260 --> 00:02:53.479
Narrator: But can Stephanie\'s
parents afford the American
00:02:53.480 --> 00:02:55.599
Dream for their baby?
00:02:55.600 --> 00:02:58.569
- You can\'t afford to have any
more than two children.
00:02:58.570 --> 00:03:01.799
- Have to put the children
through college and to own a
00:03:01.800 --> 00:03:07.969
home and all the great dreams
a family has, they\'re just
00:03:07.970 --> 00:03:09.330
that much harder to reach.
00:03:12.520 --> 00:03:14.969
Narrator: Stephanie\'s future
depends on the Pacific
00:03:14.970 --> 00:03:16.509
Northwest forest.
00:03:16.510 --> 00:03:19.200
Her dad Kent works in the
logging industry.
00:03:22.620 --> 00:03:27.189
The redwoods are the biggest
trees on Earth.
00:03:27.190 --> 00:03:31.249
In 1992, they\'re coming down
at a rate faster than the
00:03:31.250 --> 00:03:32.500
Amazon rainforest.
00:03:37.980 --> 00:03:42.679
This forest once stretched for
2,000 miles, from California
00:03:42.680 --> 00:03:45.289
to northern Alaska.
00:03:45.290 --> 00:03:47.839
But today only about
a tenth of the
00:03:47.840 --> 00:03:49.790
original forest remains.
00:04:01.170 --> 00:04:04.219
Narrator: Conservationists
seized on a rare bird, the
00:04:04.220 --> 00:04:07.129
northern spotted owl, which
they claimed was
00:04:07.130 --> 00:04:09.999
endangered by logging.
00:04:10.000 --> 00:04:14.189
But the loggers have a message
for the environmentalists.
00:04:14.190 --> 00:04:15.819
- You\'re all sick.
00:04:15.820 --> 00:04:17.839
So now you don\'t want
them logging?
00:04:17.840 --> 00:04:20.809
You live in a mobile home
made out of wood.
00:04:20.810 --> 00:04:24.469
Your paychecks are printed
on paper pulp.
00:04:24.470 --> 00:04:26.689
And now you\'re down
here protesting a
00:04:26.690 --> 00:04:28.969
man making a living.
00:04:28.970 --> 00:04:32.089
Narrator: The campaigners are a
threat to Stephanie\'s dad\'s
00:04:32.090 --> 00:04:35.749
job and their way of life.
00:04:35.750 --> 00:04:40.789
- The spotted owl, I think,
is a bunch of baloney,
00:04:40.790 --> 00:04:41.720
personally.
00:04:41.721 --> 00:04:45.239
I have a lot of friends that
work in the woods that see
00:04:45.240 --> 00:04:48.719
spotted owls in second,
third growth redwoods.
00:04:48.720 --> 00:04:49.779
Not a problem.
00:04:49.780 --> 00:04:52.369
They see them frequently.
00:04:52.370 --> 00:04:55.269
Narrator: As logging companies
rush to clear as many trees as
00:04:55.270 --> 00:04:58.449
possible, the state of
California was debating
00:04:58.450 --> 00:05:01.489
legislation to control logging.
00:05:01.490 --> 00:05:03.369
The outcome will help determine
00:05:03.370 --> 00:05:04.820
baby Stephanie\'s future.
00:05:08.810 --> 00:05:11.309
- I hope that she\'ll be able to
grow up in an environment
00:05:11.310 --> 00:05:14.159
where kids played out
in the street.
00:05:14.160 --> 00:05:16.919
You didn\'t have to worry
about what was going
00:05:16.920 --> 00:05:18.119
to happen to them.
00:05:18.120 --> 00:05:19.690
I just want the best for her.
00:05:25.230 --> 00:05:29.559
Narrator: The same year, 1992,
we traveled to northern Kenya,
00:05:29.560 --> 00:05:35.009
just as baby Erdo came into a
completely different world.
00:05:35.010 --> 00:05:39.249
He\'s born to the Turkana tribe,
cattle-rearing nomads
00:05:39.250 --> 00:05:42.410
who\'ve roamed the land for as
long as anyone can remember.
00:05:46.750 --> 00:05:49.989
Erdo\'s mother, Esther, is
one of two wives in
00:05:49.990 --> 00:05:51.240
a polygamous marriage.
00:05:56.460 --> 00:06:00.749
The old way of life is under
threat here, too.
00:06:00.750 --> 00:06:05.399
The community is under attack
by armed cattle raiders.
00:06:05.400 --> 00:06:09.899
Erdo\'s family have just
fled for their lives.
00:06:09.900 --> 00:06:12.849
Days after the attack, they
return to survey the
00:06:12.850 --> 00:06:14.330
destruction of their village.
00:06:19.690 --> 00:06:20.540
- Look!
00:06:20.541 --> 00:06:21.821
They\'ve wrecked our bed.
00:06:24.600 --> 00:06:27.609
Narrator: Esther had set her
sights on sending Erdo to the
00:06:27.610 --> 00:06:29.059
local school.
00:06:29.060 --> 00:06:31.580
Now, a brave teacher salvages
what he can.
00:06:36.810 --> 00:06:40.049
- What is this?
00:06:40.050 --> 00:06:43.779
- This is the work of thieves.
00:06:43.780 --> 00:06:45.900
They\'ve been through everything.
00:06:48.810 --> 00:06:52.039
Narrator: Their food and their
cattle stolen, Erdo\'s mother
00:06:52.040 --> 00:06:57.019
burns trees to make charcoal to
sell in the nearest town.
00:06:57.020 --> 00:07:00.579
- What will you get
from this tree?
00:07:00.580 --> 00:07:04.439
- This tree will buy a small bag
of maize meal, enough to
00:07:04.440 --> 00:07:06.610
feed my children for three days.
00:07:13.950 --> 00:07:16.499
Narrator: Several members of
Erdo\'s family have already
00:07:16.500 --> 00:07:19.349
died in cattle raids.
00:07:19.350 --> 00:07:24.029
Now each day in Erdo\'s life
brings with it new risks.
00:07:24.030 --> 00:07:26.190
We left concerned
for his safety.
00:07:36.050 --> 00:07:39.959
Narrator: On the other side of
the Earth, Kay-Kay was born in
00:07:39.960 --> 00:07:43.909
completely different
circumstances in China, the
00:07:43.910 --> 00:07:47.219
world\'s most populous nation.
00:07:47.220 --> 00:07:49.679
China has a one-child policy.
00:07:49.680 --> 00:07:52.441
Kay-Kay is the only child
her parents will have.
00:07:56.900 --> 00:07:59.859
- We are just as happy
having a girl,
00:07:59.860 --> 00:08:01.679
having our little family...
00:08:01.680 --> 00:08:03.799
Husband, wife and baby.
00:08:03.800 --> 00:08:05.449
That\'s the best.
00:08:05.450 --> 00:08:07.249
Now, we\'ve got our baby.
00:08:07.250 --> 00:08:10.429
We\'re really happy.
00:08:10.430 --> 00:08:12.629
The country\'s moved forward.
00:08:12.630 --> 00:08:16.399
When we were young, we live
in a backward environment.
00:08:16.400 --> 00:08:21.299
But our children will be
thinking in a progressive way.
00:08:21.300 --> 00:08:26.059
There is no reason for
them to be backward.
00:08:26.060 --> 00:08:30.989
Narrator: China in 1992
is growing fast.
00:08:30.990 --> 00:08:35.029
Kay-Kay\'s dad, Liang, works
in a paper mill.
00:08:35.030 --> 00:08:39.549
It runs on outdated, polluting
technology.
00:08:39.550 --> 00:08:43.329
But China is bent on getting
rich first, and worrying about
00:08:43.330 --> 00:08:44.580
the environment later.
00:08:48.840 --> 00:08:52.919
In the coming years, we\'ll see
how China\'s rapid development
00:08:52.920 --> 00:08:55.240
affects the twinkle
in Kay-Kay\'s eye.
00:09:09.020 --> 00:09:12.919
Narrator: Three years later,
in 1995, we\'ve returned to
00:09:12.920 --> 00:09:16.509
northern California to catch
up with Stephanie.
00:09:16.510 --> 00:09:18.999
She was born with an
eye condition.
00:09:19.000 --> 00:09:22.429
Her eyes don\'t open properly,
and she\'s undergoing a series
00:09:22.430 --> 00:09:24.249
of operations.
00:09:24.250 --> 00:09:25.479
- Her eyes...
00:09:25.480 --> 00:09:29.159
they\'re big enough across here,
but when you go across
00:09:29.160 --> 00:09:31.319
towards the nose, it\'s
not quite big enough.
00:09:31.320 --> 00:09:33.509
And you can\'t see the tear
ducts on her eyes.
00:09:33.510 --> 00:09:36.019
And they\'re just going
to limit that.
00:09:36.020 --> 00:09:38.179
And hopefully then you\'ll be
able to see the whites of the
00:09:38.180 --> 00:09:39.430
inside of her eyes.
00:09:52.040 --> 00:09:56.869
Narrator: The same year, 1995,
we\'ve also returned to the
00:09:56.870 --> 00:09:59.269
Turkana nomads of
northern Kenya.
00:09:59.270 --> 00:10:03.319
We\'re relieved to find Erdo
safe and in good health.
00:10:03.320 --> 00:10:07.969
There are children everywhere;
21 at the last count from
00:10:07.970 --> 00:10:11.209
Erdo\'s dad, Christopher,
and his two wives.
00:10:11.210 --> 00:10:13.039
Now, Esther wants
to focus on the
00:10:13.040 --> 00:10:16.059
well-being of his siblings.
00:10:16.060 --> 00:10:19.210
But, against her wish,
she\'s pregnant again.
00:10:23.060 --> 00:10:25.440
- I do not want any
more children.
00:10:29.090 --> 00:10:32.569
But since I am a woman,
and I am a
00:10:32.570 --> 00:10:35.510
Turkana, I have no choice.
00:10:39.720 --> 00:10:42.710
I have to listen to the
voice of my husband.
00:10:49.580 --> 00:10:52.769
Narrator: The role of a Turkana
wife is to produce as
00:10:52.770 --> 00:10:55.539
many babies as possible.
00:10:55.540 --> 00:10:58.489
Esther has so far produced 11.
00:10:58.490 --> 00:11:00.729
She now wants to stop.
00:11:00.730 --> 00:11:04.209
But this goes against Turkana
tradition and
00:11:04.210 --> 00:11:06.089
her husband\'s wishes.
00:11:06.090 --> 00:11:09.309
We\'ll keep returning to see how
things develop for Erdo
00:11:09.310 --> 00:11:10.560
and his mother.
00:11:20.340 --> 00:11:23.340
- Prince Charles\'s marriage
was ended unceremoniously.
00:11:25.670 --> 00:11:29.229
- Bill Clinton has won the last
American election of the
00:11:29.230 --> 00:11:30.480
20th century.
00:11:33.760 --> 00:11:37.409
- Look at how cute Stephanie is!
00:11:37.410 --> 00:11:41.539
- But, mom, I didn\'t like
it when I was a baby.
00:11:41.540 --> 00:11:43.159
- You didn\'t like it when
you was a baby?
00:11:43.160 --> 00:11:46.549
Narrator: In the USA, Stephanie,
now four, has had
00:11:46.550 --> 00:11:48.839
an eye operation, paid
for through her
00:11:48.840 --> 00:11:51.009
parents\' medical insurance.
00:11:51.010 --> 00:11:53.759
- You think Mom and Daddy just
were grown-up... poof...
00:11:53.760 --> 00:11:55.009
Overnight?
00:11:55.010 --> 00:11:58.859
We wouldn\'t know how to
take care of you.
00:11:58.860 --> 00:12:00.659
- There.
00:12:00.660 --> 00:12:02.369
We\'re going.
00:12:02.370 --> 00:12:06.259
Narrator: The eye operation\'s
a success.
00:12:06.260 --> 00:12:07.699
- They\'re doing pretty good.
00:12:07.700 --> 00:12:10.299
They\'ve come quite a ways.
00:12:10.300 --> 00:12:12.899
At this point, they\'re
open really nicely.
00:12:12.900 --> 00:12:16.239
And she can see, and that\'s
what\'s the most important.
00:12:16.240 --> 00:12:20.809
So hopefully she won\'t have
to have another surgery.
00:12:20.810 --> 00:12:22.620
- That was a good idea.
00:12:33.490 --> 00:12:37.719
- When I grow up, I want to
have high heel shoes, have
00:12:37.720 --> 00:12:42.049
long hair, and be a teacher.
00:12:42.050 --> 00:12:44.829
Narrator: Meanwhile, in
Guangzhou, Kay-Kay\'s starting
00:12:44.830 --> 00:12:47.639
to enjoy the fruits of
her parents\' labor.
00:12:47.640 --> 00:12:50.119
Her generation is well
on the way to
00:12:50.120 --> 00:12:52.859
becoming a consumer culture.
00:12:52.860 --> 00:12:55.349
But there\'s a price to pay.
00:12:55.350 --> 00:12:59.499
The city\'s increasingly
congested and the air polluted
00:12:59.500 --> 00:13:02.769
and Kay-Kay\'s dad, Liang, can\'t
come home during the
00:13:02.770 --> 00:13:03.939
working week.
00:13:03.940 --> 00:13:05.410
It simply takes too long.
00:13:19.610 --> 00:13:22.629
Narrator: It\'s now five years
since we started filming our
00:13:22.630 --> 00:13:24.789
babies across the world.
00:13:24.790 --> 00:13:27.649
In northern California,
Stephanie has made a good
00:13:27.650 --> 00:13:29.719
start at school.
00:13:29.720 --> 00:13:34.809
- She\'s got a lot of good
qualities, very creative.
00:13:34.810 --> 00:13:37.359
You can tell that she
really feels in
00:13:37.360 --> 00:13:39.919
place in this classroom.
00:13:39.920 --> 00:13:41.999
She\'s come a long way
in kindergarten.
00:13:42.000 --> 00:13:42.950
- Can I have some more string?
00:13:42.951 --> 00:13:44.299
- Roll your beans.
00:13:44.300 --> 00:13:47.580
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
00:13:55.760 --> 00:13:59.959
[SINGING]
00:13:59.960 --> 00:14:02.819
Narrator: A few weeks later,
we\'re in northern Kenya with
00:14:02.820 --> 00:14:08.609
Erdo, now also five, among
the Turkana nomads.
00:14:08.610 --> 00:14:12.739
Against her wishes, Esther
has had another baby.
00:14:12.740 --> 00:14:15.319
Her rift with her husband
has come to a head.
00:14:15.320 --> 00:14:18.809
She no longer wants Erdo
to grow up as a herder.
00:14:18.810 --> 00:14:20.989
She\'s left her husband
to build a house
00:14:20.990 --> 00:14:22.360
within reach of a school.
00:14:28.110 --> 00:14:35.069
- It seems I\'m doomed to roam
this land, building houses I
00:14:35.070 --> 00:14:36.320
can never complete.
00:14:41.230 --> 00:14:43.040
There\'s always a problem.
00:15:01.500 --> 00:15:05.029
Narrator: It\'s the first year
of the new millennium.
00:15:05.030 --> 00:15:08.799
In China, Kay-Kay
is now eight.
00:15:08.800 --> 00:15:12.639
Her city, Guangzhou, resembles a
huge building site, with new
00:15:12.640 --> 00:15:14.840
developments seemingly
everywhere.
00:15:17.320 --> 00:15:20.409
Her dad can now afford
a motorbike.
00:15:20.410 --> 00:15:23.789
So he can work and live at home.
00:15:23.790 --> 00:15:26.790
And every morning, Kay-Kay gets
dropped off at school.
00:15:38.070 --> 00:15:41.309
Her parents\' long working
hours mean an unusual
00:15:41.310 --> 00:15:43.429
childhood for Kay-Kay.
00:15:43.430 --> 00:15:45.550
She has to spend evenings alone.
00:15:49.260 --> 00:15:51.259
- I don\'t like this one.
00:15:51.260 --> 00:15:52.429
- Why?
00:15:52.430 --> 00:15:54.510
- Because it doesn\'t look good.
00:16:04.530 --> 00:16:07.619
Narrator: In northern Kenya,
Erdo is also seeing very
00:16:07.620 --> 00:16:10.260
little of his dad, but for
different reasons.
00:16:13.150 --> 00:16:16.619
Esther has succeeded in her plan
to leave her husband and
00:16:16.620 --> 00:16:20.449
sends her son to school,
an hour\'s walk from the
00:16:20.450 --> 00:16:21.960
house his mom built.
00:16:25.140 --> 00:16:28.039
Erdo is now a schoolboy.
00:16:28.040 --> 00:16:36.040
[CHILDREN SINGING]
00:16:45.970 --> 00:16:46.960
- Mr. Milosevic...
00:16:46.961 --> 00:16:48.949
- The holiday island of Bali...
00:16:48.950 --> 00:16:51.439
- Just a procession of people
all covered in blood.
00:16:51.440 --> 00:16:54.429
- This is the biggest currency
swap in history.
00:16:54.430 --> 00:16:56.359
- Then it\'s the euro for good.
00:16:56.360 --> 00:16:57.649
There are known knowns.
00:16:57.650 --> 00:17:02.070
- When you\'re eating pretzels,
chew before you swallow.
00:17:10.820 --> 00:17:13.679
Narrator: Ten years since we
began our adventure filming
00:17:13.680 --> 00:17:17.019
children born across the world.
00:17:17.020 --> 00:17:19.139
In America, 10-year
old Stephanie\'s
00:17:19.140 --> 00:17:21.679
still a country girl.
00:17:21.680 --> 00:17:24.039
She\'s been raising a pig
for auction at the
00:17:24.040 --> 00:17:25.989
Willits annual fair.
00:17:25.990 --> 00:17:27.079
- This is Brownie.
00:17:27.080 --> 00:17:29.899
He\'s a Duroc.
00:17:29.900 --> 00:17:36.419
His ear tag number is 339, but
the zero doesn\'t really count.
00:17:36.420 --> 00:17:42.579
He loves his chin rubbed and
the back of his ears.
00:17:42.580 --> 00:17:44.849
That\'s what he loves the most.
00:17:44.850 --> 00:17:47.979
Huh, babies?
00:17:47.980 --> 00:17:54.259
When I grew up, I want to be
either a veterinarian or a
00:17:54.260 --> 00:17:56.729
horse trainer.
00:17:56.730 --> 00:17:59.599
Narrator: Ken\'s worst fears
about the cost of caring for
00:17:59.600 --> 00:18:01.709
the environment have
materialized.
00:18:01.710 --> 00:18:05.149
The timber mill that once
employed him and nearly 600
00:18:05.150 --> 00:18:07.549
others has closed.
00:18:07.550 --> 00:18:10.289
- Pretty sad to see it looking
like this, huh, sweetie?
00:18:10.290 --> 00:18:12.749
Working so hard for so
many years, it makes
00:18:12.750 --> 00:18:14.499
me sick to my stomach.
00:18:14.500 --> 00:18:18.499
After spending 18 years,
and giving this
00:18:18.500 --> 00:18:22.359
place 110% of my life...
00:18:22.360 --> 00:18:24.639
It was a shock to everybody.
00:18:24.640 --> 00:18:27.609
Narrator: While Kent agrees the
old logging practices that
00:18:27.610 --> 00:18:30.689
cleared whole forests were
unsustainable, the new
00:18:30.690 --> 00:18:33.849
environmental laws have
come at a price.
00:18:33.850 --> 00:18:36.819
- I don\'t think there\'s any
place in this world that is
00:18:36.820 --> 00:18:39.649
more expensive to do business
than California.
00:18:39.650 --> 00:18:43.629
Air quality, water quality, all
those things that... you
00:18:43.630 --> 00:18:45.950
increase your cost of
doing business.
00:18:50.540 --> 00:18:54.029
Narrator: It\'s auction day
at the Willits Fair.
00:18:54.030 --> 00:18:56.899
Soon, Stephanie and her
pig Brownie will
00:18:56.900 --> 00:18:59.299
have to part ways.
00:18:59.300 --> 00:19:00.779
- You want to look at the crowd.
00:19:00.780 --> 00:19:04.239
Look at the people that are
bidding and watch your pig.
00:19:04.240 --> 00:19:06.709
- I\'m going to be like...
00:19:06.710 --> 00:19:09.669
- No, just stay calm, OK?
00:19:09.670 --> 00:19:10.170
- Perfect.
00:19:10.171 --> 00:19:18.171
[AUCTIONEER PATTER]
00:19:21.030 --> 00:19:22.519
- Thanks for buying my pig.
00:19:22.520 --> 00:19:23.010
- You\'re welcome.
00:19:23.011 --> 00:19:24.490
- Thank you very much.
00:19:27.490 --> 00:19:31.399
I\'ll put the money in
they bank, probably
00:19:31.400 --> 00:19:34.439
for a month or two.
00:19:34.440 --> 00:19:35.690
So it builds up.
00:19:39.640 --> 00:19:40.230
Brownie...
00:19:40.231 --> 00:19:41.349
- Then?
00:19:41.350 --> 00:19:43.719
- Then I\'ll use it
for something.
00:19:43.720 --> 00:19:45.860
I might save up for a horse.
00:19:52.960 --> 00:20:00.709
[SINGING]
00:20:00.710 --> 00:20:03.919
Narrator: Weeks later, in
northern Kenya, we\'re relieved
00:20:03.920 --> 00:20:08.439
to find Erdo, now also
10, safe and well.
00:20:08.440 --> 00:20:11.699
As ever, the situation
here is precarious.
00:20:11.700 --> 00:20:15.069
Further attacks by cattle
raiders have already killed an
00:20:15.070 --> 00:20:16.720
older brother and an uncle.
00:20:20.100 --> 00:20:23.749
- I really trust you. - If I
had shoes on, you\'d have
00:20:23.750 --> 00:20:25.909
really... yourself.
00:20:25.910 --> 00:20:29.169
- You\'ve got ears like
a chameleon.
00:20:29.170 --> 00:20:30.799
- You can talk.
00:20:30.800 --> 00:20:31.390
Look at your teeth.
00:20:31.391 --> 00:20:33.511
You\'ve got ears like a squirrel.
00:20:36.160 --> 00:20:39.779
- So what concerns you
most around here?
00:20:39.780 --> 00:20:43.439
- It\'s war and hunger.
00:20:43.440 --> 00:20:46.639
- You know those people
who steal cows?
00:20:46.640 --> 00:20:48.559
Do you like them?
00:20:48.560 --> 00:20:49.320
- No.
00:20:49.321 --> 00:20:52.839
- What do people call them?
00:20:52.840 --> 00:20:54.639
- Bandits.
00:20:54.640 --> 00:20:58.109
- What would you like
to do about them?
00:20:58.110 --> 00:20:59.360
- I\'d shoot them.
00:21:01.840 --> 00:21:05.359
Narrator: In order to give her
son a more secure future,
00:21:05.360 --> 00:21:09.319
Esther has moved from nomad
to corn grower.
00:21:09.320 --> 00:21:13.079
She\'s convinced education will
make the crucial difference
00:21:13.080 --> 00:21:14.330
for her son\'s future.
00:21:18.320 --> 00:21:20.579
- Before these recent
rains, we\'d had
00:21:20.580 --> 00:21:24.099
three years of drought.
00:21:24.100 --> 00:21:28.080
My only goal now is to work
and send Erdo to school.
00:21:33.040 --> 00:21:34.699
Erdo, get ready.
00:21:34.700 --> 00:21:35.950
You\'ll be late.
00:21:38.240 --> 00:21:39.900
- Erdo, put up your hand.
00:21:47.700 --> 00:21:50.989
Narrator: The rift between
Erdo\'s parents over his future
00:21:50.990 --> 00:21:53.949
sums up the problems of
nomadism versus a
00:21:53.950 --> 00:21:56.329
settled way of life.
00:21:56.330 --> 00:21:58.539
Neither is an easy option.
00:21:58.540 --> 00:22:02.919
Only when the rains are good
does Esther get a decent crop.
00:22:02.920 --> 00:22:06.759
But when the rains fail, all
Christopher has to do is move
00:22:06.760 --> 00:22:09.219
his herds onto where
there is grass.
00:22:09.220 --> 00:22:10.540
But he needs to be armed.
00:22:13.900 --> 00:22:17.249
- Pastoralism will survive.
00:22:17.250 --> 00:22:20.919
We\'ve followed this way
of life for centuries.
00:22:20.920 --> 00:22:24.379
The problems we are facing
are not new.
00:22:24.380 --> 00:22:27.590
Our forefathers had them, and
they managed all right.
00:22:31.210 --> 00:22:34.319
Narrator: As Erdo grows into
adulthood, we\'ll be back to
00:22:34.320 --> 00:22:37.290
see how the rift between his
parents shapes his life.
00:22:58.930 --> 00:23:02.469
- Welcome to my home.
00:23:02.470 --> 00:23:07.119
Narrator: In Guangzhou, China,
Kay-Kay is also 10.
00:23:07.120 --> 00:23:10.059
- This is the sitting room.
00:23:10.060 --> 00:23:13.140
Narrator: Kay-Kay\'s parents have
bought a new apartment.
00:23:16.040 --> 00:23:18.299
- These are our goldfish.
00:23:18.300 --> 00:23:21.069
They\'re my dad\'s really.
00:23:21.070 --> 00:23:25.669
Narrator: Right now, their joint
$500 US monthly earnings
00:23:25.670 --> 00:23:28.150
put them in China\'s upper
income bracket.
00:23:30.670 --> 00:23:33.509
- These are my father\'s plants.
00:23:33.510 --> 00:23:37.140
They\'re supposed to keep evil
spirits away out there.
00:23:40.300 --> 00:23:43.049
Narrator: When we first filmed
here, just after Kay-Kay was
00:23:43.050 --> 00:23:47.299
born, rapid development meant
serious pollution.
00:23:47.300 --> 00:23:51.479
Now, Kay-Kay is growing up in
a cleaner, more livable city
00:23:51.480 --> 00:23:52.730
of Guangzhou.
00:23:55.010 --> 00:23:59.969
- Now, you see the highways
are full of flowers.
00:23:59.970 --> 00:24:05.009
- Guangzhou is like a great
metropolitan city.
00:24:05.010 --> 00:24:08.329
- Both sides of Zhu Jiang
River are very clean.
00:24:08.330 --> 00:24:13.819
When you go out or drive around,
you feel comfortable.
00:24:13.820 --> 00:24:16.919
Narrator: Despite the improved
living conditions, the demands
00:24:16.920 --> 00:24:21.089
of work still mean the family
can rarely be together.
00:24:21.090 --> 00:24:23.379
Kay-Kay\'s mom manages
just three hours
00:24:23.380 --> 00:24:24.630
sleep between shifts.
00:24:27.120 --> 00:24:30.699
Her father doesn\'t get
home before 10:30 PM.
00:24:30.700 --> 00:24:32.199
- She\'s very independent.
00:24:32.200 --> 00:24:34.789
She\'s alone all evening,
watching TV
00:24:34.790 --> 00:24:36.819
and doing her homework.
00:24:36.820 --> 00:24:37.530
- Bye bye.
00:24:37.530 --> 00:24:38.290
- Bye.
00:24:38.291 --> 00:24:39.540
- OK!
00:24:44.090 --> 00:24:51.609
[SINGING]
00:24:51.610 --> 00:24:54.869
- Is there anything
you wish for?
00:24:54.870 --> 00:24:58.079
- I want good health for
me and my parents.
00:24:58.080 --> 00:24:59.330
I want lots of money.
00:25:02.120 --> 00:25:05.489
- Is being rich very important?
00:25:05.490 --> 00:25:06.240
- No.
00:25:06.241 --> 00:25:08.819
- So what\'s the most
important thing?
00:25:08.820 --> 00:25:11.189
- Having good health.
00:25:11.190 --> 00:25:13.990
Because they get health, you
can earn more money.
00:25:28.580 --> 00:25:31.199
Narrator: Kay-Kay\'s generation
are reaping the rewards of
00:25:31.200 --> 00:25:34.169
China\'s industrial revolution.
00:25:34.170 --> 00:25:39.409
The first to see the benefits of
their parents\' labor, their
00:25:39.410 --> 00:25:43.400
generation could only dream of
school facilities like these.
00:25:54.060 --> 00:25:57.810
Kay-Kay is fulfilling her
parents\' dream of education.
00:26:04.710 --> 00:26:07.199
- The Syrian rebel
had a handgun.
00:26:07.200 --> 00:26:11.029
His enemies have a T72 tank...
00:26:11.030 --> 00:26:15.819
- About one-third
of the ship...
00:26:15.820 --> 00:26:18.469
- The Greeks have been letting
people know what they think of
00:26:18.470 --> 00:26:19.200
austerity measures.
00:26:19.201 --> 00:26:23.069
- There were a lot
of issues here...
00:26:23.070 --> 00:26:23.110
- [SINGING]
00:26:23.111 --> 00:26:25.080
So in love with you...
00:26:32.030 --> 00:26:34.249
Narrator: It\'s now twenty years
since we began following
00:26:34.250 --> 00:26:37.409
children born across the world.
00:26:37.410 --> 00:26:40.169
Of all of them, perhaps
Erdo has lived the
00:26:40.170 --> 00:26:41.530
most precarious existence.
00:26:44.300 --> 00:26:46.959
We\'ve returned to northern
Kenya to find him
00:26:46.960 --> 00:26:50.049
after a 10 year gap.
00:26:50.050 --> 00:26:53.889
We\'ve learned that Erdo had come
to Isiolo Town close to
00:26:53.890 --> 00:26:56.319
where his mother had settled
to try to find
00:26:56.320 --> 00:26:59.959
work to help her out.
00:26:59.960 --> 00:27:03.349
For nearly a year, he struggled
and fell in with
00:27:03.350 --> 00:27:06.169
street children.
00:27:06.170 --> 00:27:10.749
Until, by a stroke of luck, a
small Italian voluntary group
00:27:10.750 --> 00:27:14.649
stepped in and rescued him.
00:27:14.650 --> 00:27:16.669
This is where we found him.
00:27:16.670 --> 00:27:19.510
And we\'re thrilled to see
he\'s a fine 19-year-old.
00:27:23.660 --> 00:27:24.590
- How are you?
00:27:24.590 --> 00:27:25.520
- How\'re you?
00:27:25.521 --> 00:27:26.919
- Fine.
00:27:26.920 --> 00:27:28.779
- OK.
00:27:28.780 --> 00:27:30.239
- Welcome to FURSA.
00:27:30.240 --> 00:27:31.490
- Show me.
00:27:33.280 --> 00:27:34.379
- Welcome.
00:27:34.380 --> 00:27:37.659
This is our \"boys only\" dorm.
00:27:37.660 --> 00:27:38.910
Come in.
00:27:46.100 --> 00:27:48.669
That is my bed.
00:27:48.670 --> 00:27:50.449
I sleep there.
00:27:50.450 --> 00:27:53.349
This is our dorm for big boys.
00:27:53.350 --> 00:27:55.580
Come here in that dorm.
00:27:59.060 --> 00:28:01.899
- FURSA, the care home that
rescued him from the streets,
00:28:01.900 --> 00:28:04.919
has sent Erdo to school.
00:28:04.920 --> 00:28:07.339
He\'s in a mixed class
of 12 year olds
00:28:07.340 --> 00:28:13.049
- People who work in hospital
wear gloves since they touch...
00:28:13.050 --> 00:28:15.839
- This is what Erdo
always wanted.
00:28:15.840 --> 00:28:16.939
His aim now?
00:28:16.940 --> 00:28:19.420
To graduate and move on
to higher things.
00:28:31.530 --> 00:28:34.239
- I\'d like to use my talents.
00:28:34.240 --> 00:28:36.570
My talent is to sing
and to draw.
00:28:39.130 --> 00:28:42.069
But what I\'d really like to
become is a lawyer or be in
00:28:42.070 --> 00:28:43.320
government.
00:28:55.060 --> 00:28:58.229
Narrator: What\'s become of
Stephanie, from the small town
00:28:58.230 --> 00:29:01.369
amid the giant redwoods of
northern California?
00:29:01.370 --> 00:29:04.369
Here\'s Stephanie Standley.
00:29:04.370 --> 00:29:06.369
She is an active...
00:29:06.370 --> 00:29:08.869
and is currently president
of the Willits Junior
00:29:08.870 --> 00:29:13.869
Horseman\'s Association for 2012.
00:29:13.870 --> 00:29:17.869
She needs $1,000 in pre-sale
tickets and wants to thank
00:29:17.870 --> 00:29:19.120
everybody...
00:29:28.370 --> 00:29:29.620
- Hi.
00:29:31.370 --> 00:29:34.309
Narrator: Every year since we
last saw her, Stephanie has
00:29:34.310 --> 00:29:35.919
entered the local rodeo show.
00:29:35.920 --> 00:29:37.529
- Stephanie Standley.
00:29:37.530 --> 00:29:40.139
Narrator: Last year, she was
elected to be Willits Rodeo
00:29:40.140 --> 00:29:41.829
Sweetheart.
00:29:41.830 --> 00:29:43.759
- Good boy.
00:29:43.760 --> 00:29:44.879
Good boy.
00:29:44.880 --> 00:29:46.789
- Animals are my life.
00:29:46.790 --> 00:29:50.309
Ever since I was a kid, I\'ve
always been the one...
00:29:50.310 --> 00:29:54.159
See a stray dog, you want
to take it home.
00:29:54.160 --> 00:29:56.349
If I could, I would have a zoo.
00:29:56.350 --> 00:29:59.689
It\'s all I\'ve ever wanted
was animals.
00:29:59.690 --> 00:30:02.469
They\'re like your best friend.
00:30:02.470 --> 00:30:03.539
They never talk back.
00:30:03.540 --> 00:30:04.790
No, I\'m just kidding.
00:30:07.170 --> 00:30:10.079
Narrator: Stephanie also
has another passion.
00:30:10.080 --> 00:30:13.879
He\'s called Justin, a long
distance truck driver.
00:30:13.880 --> 00:30:15.359
- And out here when
you\'re riding.
00:30:15.360 --> 00:30:15.770
- All right.
00:30:15.770 --> 00:30:16.180
- OK.
00:30:16.181 --> 00:30:18.669
Now just squeeze slightly.
00:30:18.670 --> 00:30:20.840
Justin is my first love.
00:30:24.450 --> 00:30:26.499
He\'s great.
00:30:26.500 --> 00:30:29.259
I could definitely see myself
with him for a long time.
00:30:29.260 --> 00:30:30.769
See, you\'re doing great.
00:30:30.770 --> 00:30:33.799
He\'s the perfect package.
00:30:33.800 --> 00:30:36.109
Work ethic is a big one for me.
00:30:36.110 --> 00:30:39.419
I don\'t think I could be with
someone who doesn\'t want to
00:30:39.420 --> 00:30:42.609
work, doesn\'t want
to have a job.
00:30:42.610 --> 00:30:43.989
Say hold and pull back.
00:30:43.990 --> 00:30:45.439
- Hold.
00:30:45.440 --> 00:30:48.459
- She teaches me a lot, like
how to ride a horse.
00:30:48.460 --> 00:30:51.549
We have a lot of fun doing
a lot of the same thing.
00:30:51.550 --> 00:30:55.929
We got a lot of the same plans,
so it makes it easy to
00:30:55.930 --> 00:30:58.669
be with her.
00:30:58.670 --> 00:31:01.609
Narrator: Stephanie has
graduated from high school.
00:31:01.610 --> 00:31:05.029
And she\'s working at the local
supermarket to help pay next
00:31:05.030 --> 00:31:07.809
year\'s college fees.
00:31:07.810 --> 00:31:10.089
True to her love for
animals, she\'ll go
00:31:10.090 --> 00:31:12.579
to veterinary college.
00:31:12.580 --> 00:31:15.759
- They say that you should
love what you do.
00:31:15.760 --> 00:31:19.289
And I would love to work with
animals for a living.
00:31:19.290 --> 00:31:21.089
And so I think it would
definitely be a
00:31:21.090 --> 00:31:24.309
good career for me.
00:31:24.310 --> 00:31:26.959
Narrator: Stephanie\'s parents
raised her to share in their
00:31:26.960 --> 00:31:28.599
strong work ethic.
00:31:28.600 --> 00:31:30.759
So on principle, they\'ll
be paying just
00:31:30.760 --> 00:31:32.739
half her college fees.
00:31:32.740 --> 00:31:35.989
- She was raised not to be a
victim, to make good decisions
00:31:35.990 --> 00:31:40.059
and have a good work ethic to
where she could always survive
00:31:40.060 --> 00:31:43.129
on her own if she needed to.
00:31:43.130 --> 00:31:45.709
You talk about foundations
of raising your kids.
00:31:45.710 --> 00:31:49.389
Well, the foundation of your
home and your home in general
00:31:49.390 --> 00:31:52.449
is who you are...
00:31:52.450 --> 00:31:55.739
Narrator: When Stephanie was
born, her dad Kent worked in a
00:31:55.740 --> 00:31:57.979
timber mill.
00:31:57.980 --> 00:32:01.459
But California state imposed
new laws protecting the
00:32:01.460 --> 00:32:03.999
ancient forests.
00:32:04.000 --> 00:32:05.839
The logging industry shrank.
00:32:05.840 --> 00:32:09.159
And the mill her dad
worked in closed.
00:32:09.160 --> 00:32:13.269
Kent now works for Mendocino,
the local county.
00:32:13.270 --> 00:32:16.409
He helps protect the
environment.
00:32:16.410 --> 00:32:19.569
- What used to be a barrier,
where the fish would get up to
00:32:19.570 --> 00:32:22.769
this point and couldn\'t go any
further to spawn, now they can
00:32:22.770 --> 00:32:27.379
continue on, go up into little
tributaries and spawn.
00:32:27.380 --> 00:32:29.940
So the fish counts upstream
are increasing.
00:32:38.220 --> 00:32:41.099
Narrator: For Stephanie\'s
family, living in the richest
00:32:41.100 --> 00:32:44.109
state in the world\'s richest
nation, there
00:32:44.110 --> 00:32:45.939
are difficult times.
00:32:45.940 --> 00:32:50.249
Kent\'s employer, Mendocino
County, has shed jobs.
00:32:50.250 --> 00:32:53.329
And pay packets are being cut.
00:32:53.330 --> 00:32:55.789
- The area is generating
less taxes.
00:32:55.790 --> 00:32:59.449
Me, I\'ve taken a pay
cut, a 10% pay cut.
00:32:59.450 --> 00:33:02.009
Mendocino\'s probably the largest
00:33:02.010 --> 00:33:04.239
employer in the county.
00:33:04.240 --> 00:33:10.419
And so a 10% pay cut among all
those workers is significant.
00:33:10.420 --> 00:33:14.289
- And I need you to sign these.
00:33:14.290 --> 00:33:17.989
These days with the economy the
way it is, there are many,
00:33:17.990 --> 00:33:22.279
many more people than ever that
are on the food stamp
00:33:22.280 --> 00:33:23.409
assistance program.
00:33:23.410 --> 00:33:26.929
And it has definitely
had a large rise in
00:33:26.930 --> 00:33:28.180
the last three years.
00:33:31.820 --> 00:33:35.539
- Jobs worry me, worries me that
if I lose my job, will I
00:33:35.540 --> 00:33:38.849
be able to even get another one?
00:33:38.850 --> 00:33:40.719
I just keep telling
myself everything
00:33:40.720 --> 00:33:41.580
happens for a reason.
00:33:41.581 --> 00:33:44.469
Something good is going
to come of this.
00:33:44.470 --> 00:33:49.139
My dad has taught me a
lot of work ethics.
00:33:49.140 --> 00:33:51.869
Hard work is key, you know?
00:33:51.870 --> 00:33:53.270
Nothing comes easy in life.
00:34:00.190 --> 00:34:03.539
Narrator: Despite the worries,
life for Stephanie is pretty
00:34:03.540 --> 00:34:06.129
comfortable compared to the
lives of the other young
00:34:06.130 --> 00:34:07.570
adults we\'ve been following.
00:34:12.490 --> 00:34:15.679
- I don\'t desire riches
or fame or anything.
00:34:15.680 --> 00:34:17.809
I just want to be happy.
00:34:17.810 --> 00:34:21.479
Wherever life takes me, I just
want to be happy in it.
00:34:21.480 --> 00:34:23.159
Doesn\'t matter what I\'m
doing or who I\'m with,
00:34:23.160 --> 00:34:24.410
as long as I\'m happy.
00:34:42.200 --> 00:34:45.349
Narrator: In northern Kenya,
Erdo\'s life has once again
00:34:45.350 --> 00:34:47.769
been turned upside down.
00:34:47.770 --> 00:34:50.649
Ethnic unrest has swept
through the area
00:34:50.650 --> 00:34:54.149
around Isiolo Town.
00:34:54.150 --> 00:34:57.669
Erdo\'s mother Esther has
fled her homestead.
00:34:57.670 --> 00:35:00.499
Along with the others hiding
with her, she\'s now a
00:35:00.500 --> 00:35:04.300
so-called IDP: an Internally
Displaced Person.
00:35:07.690 --> 00:35:09.779
- Welcome.
00:35:09.780 --> 00:35:11.030
- What happened?
00:35:13.140 --> 00:35:14.699
- I heard shooting.
00:35:14.700 --> 00:35:17.109
I saw seven people with guns.
00:35:17.110 --> 00:35:20.429
I ran away, and the gunman
started chasing me.
00:35:20.430 --> 00:35:22.989
We all ran from the gunman
and took refuge
00:35:22.990 --> 00:35:24.389
inside a church hall.
00:35:24.390 --> 00:35:27.899
But the stragglers
were all killed.
00:35:27.900 --> 00:35:29.150
12 people in all died.
00:35:32.860 --> 00:35:36.159
- Who is doing the killing?
00:35:36.160 --> 00:35:40.050
- It\'s the Boranas and Somalis
who are killing the Turkanas.
00:35:44.740 --> 00:35:48.749
- Amid the unrest, Erdo was
lucky to escape with his life.
00:35:48.750 --> 00:35:51.350
He\'s had to leave school
for his own safety.
00:35:53.590 --> 00:35:54.590
- Hi, Erdo.
00:35:54.591 --> 00:35:56.569
- Hi.
00:35:56.570 --> 00:35:57.550
- How are you?
00:35:57.551 --> 00:35:59.039
- Fine.
00:35:59.040 --> 00:36:00.290
- Good.
00:36:03.700 --> 00:36:08.349
- I was in town and found myself
surrounded by a mob.
00:36:08.350 --> 00:36:10.299
Someone said I know you.
00:36:10.300 --> 00:36:12.049
You are a Turkana.
00:36:12.050 --> 00:36:15.489
You better run for your life.
00:36:15.490 --> 00:36:18.339
Before I could even start
running, many people started
00:36:18.340 --> 00:36:20.879
beating me with sticks.
00:36:20.880 --> 00:36:24.419
I managed to get free, and
a motorcyclist saved me.
00:36:24.420 --> 00:36:25.900
That\'s how my life was saved.
00:36:30.040 --> 00:36:32.849
Narrator: FURSA, the care home,
has moved to a more
00:36:32.850 --> 00:36:36.889
secure environment, where he\'s
being taught a trade.
00:36:36.890 --> 00:36:41.199
But he\'d set his sights higher.
00:36:41.200 --> 00:36:44.820
Through insecurity, he\'s lost
his chance to stay at school.
00:36:49.860 --> 00:36:52.399
- I\'d wanted to complete
secondary school, but they\'ve
00:36:52.400 --> 00:36:53.720
sent me to a polytechnic.
00:36:59.360 --> 00:37:02.320
I\'m doing a course in car
electrics and metalwork.
00:37:08.110 --> 00:37:10.799
Narrator: Erdo\'s father,
Christopher, is also affected
00:37:10.800 --> 00:37:12.089
by the violence.
00:37:12.090 --> 00:37:16.049
We found him in town, cut
off from his herd.
00:37:16.050 --> 00:37:19.199
Even with an armed police
escort, it was too dangerous
00:37:19.200 --> 00:37:20.269
to reach his animals.
00:37:20.270 --> 00:37:22.409
But the police agreed to escort
00:37:22.410 --> 00:37:25.419
us to Esther\'s homestead.
00:37:25.420 --> 00:37:27.880
It\'s by now an all too
familiar scene.
00:37:33.550 --> 00:37:37.199
- Oh my god, they\'ve taken
all my things.
00:37:37.200 --> 00:37:38.489
They\'ve taken everything.
00:37:38.490 --> 00:37:41.279
There\'s nothing left.
00:37:41.280 --> 00:37:43.479
Not even the dog.
00:37:43.480 --> 00:37:44.679
I can\'t come back here.
00:37:44.680 --> 00:37:45.390
I\'m scared.
00:37:45.391 --> 00:37:47.591
They might kill me
if I come back.
00:37:49.370 --> 00:37:50.790
And where\'s my dog?
00:37:54.180 --> 00:37:58.109
Narrator: Erdo\'s life sums up
the rift between his parents,
00:37:58.110 --> 00:38:02.119
between his fathers view that
nomadism is best and his
00:38:02.120 --> 00:38:04.600
mother\'s belief in a settled
way of life.
00:38:07.220 --> 00:38:09.299
- My mother pleaded with
my dad to send me
00:38:09.300 --> 00:38:10.619
to secondary school.
00:38:10.620 --> 00:38:12.949
But he saw no point in it.
00:38:12.950 --> 00:38:16.509
So far as I\'m concerned, he
plays no part in my life.
00:38:16.510 --> 00:38:18.699
I thank him for bringing
me into this life.
00:38:18.700 --> 00:38:20.039
He is my father.
00:38:20.040 --> 00:38:23.049
But it was also God\'s will.
00:38:23.050 --> 00:38:25.699
As far as my upkeep and
upbringing goes, I don\'t think
00:38:25.700 --> 00:38:28.299
he\'s played any part.
00:38:28.300 --> 00:38:31.629
My mother is the most important
person in my life.
00:38:31.630 --> 00:38:33.949
She\'s never turned
her face from me.
00:38:33.950 --> 00:38:36.859
She\'s only ever taught
me the best she can.
00:38:36.860 --> 00:38:39.989
She encouraged me to go to
school and always wanted us
00:38:39.990 --> 00:38:41.240
all to go to school.
00:38:55.340 --> 00:38:58.589
Narrator: Twenty years on from
Rio, it\'s time to catch up
00:38:58.590 --> 00:39:02.349
with Kay-Kay in southern China,
the little girl who
00:39:02.350 --> 00:39:05.130
wanted to have high heel
shoes and be a teacher.
00:39:14.660 --> 00:39:17.459
- Hello, mister!
00:39:17.460 --> 00:39:19.979
...
00:39:19.980 --> 00:39:21.510
I miss you so much.
00:39:25.400 --> 00:39:28.309
Hello.
00:39:28.310 --> 00:39:30.289
Do you remember me?
00:39:30.290 --> 00:39:31.210
- I do.
00:39:31.211 --> 00:39:32.600
- My name is Kay-Kay.
00:39:35.390 --> 00:39:38.330
This year, I\'m 20!
00:39:41.970 --> 00:39:44.189
This is my table.
00:39:44.190 --> 00:39:45.810
Don\'t film it, it\'s messy.
00:39:48.720 --> 00:39:50.999
I lived at home through
my middle and high
00:39:51.000 --> 00:39:55.719
school, not at a school.
00:39:55.720 --> 00:40:00.639
Now I stay at a university and
come home once a week.
00:40:00.640 --> 00:40:02.300
So I didn\'t tidy up my table.
00:40:10.380 --> 00:40:10.870
OK?
00:40:10.870 --> 00:40:11.370
Perfect.
00:40:11.370 --> 00:40:11.860
- No!
00:40:11.860 --> 00:40:12.350
[LAUGHS]
00:40:12.351 --> 00:40:14.319
- [LAUGHS]
00:40:14.320 --> 00:40:17.279
- Are you really surprised?
00:40:17.280 --> 00:40:18.140
No, no.
00:40:18.141 --> 00:40:21.319
OK, OK.
00:40:21.320 --> 00:40:23.839
Let\'s go outside.
00:40:23.840 --> 00:40:24.340
OK?
00:40:24.340 --> 00:40:24.830
- OK.
00:40:24.831 --> 00:40:26.080
- OK.
00:40:28.780 --> 00:40:31.349
Bye bye.
00:40:31.350 --> 00:40:32.350
- Bye bye.
00:40:32.351 --> 00:40:33.600
- Bye bye.
00:40:35.680 --> 00:40:38.289
Narrator: Kay-Kay is off to
university, where she\'s
00:40:38.290 --> 00:40:41.469
reading first year economics.
00:40:41.470 --> 00:40:45.929
Getting there is a two-hour
journey by bus.
00:40:45.930 --> 00:40:49.359
The population of her city
Guangzhou has swollen.
00:40:49.360 --> 00:40:52.180
One third of those here are
now migrant workers.
00:40:59.540 --> 00:41:02.949
- For the past 30 years,
Guangzhou now has been an open
00:41:02.950 --> 00:41:07.479
city, which means people can
come and work here from
00:41:07.480 --> 00:41:08.730
anywhere in China.
00:41:18.770 --> 00:41:21.299
Narrator: University attendance
has risen by more
00:41:21.300 --> 00:41:24.429
than five times in the
past 10 years.
00:41:24.430 --> 00:41:26.939
And students here tend
to outperform
00:41:26.940 --> 00:41:28.639
students in other countries.
00:41:28.640 --> 00:41:32.129
But there\'s no pleasing some.
00:41:32.130 --> 00:41:33.869
- Schools are places
that don\'t let
00:41:33.870 --> 00:41:37.079
you do what you want.
00:41:37.080 --> 00:41:40.040
School is a place that trains
you for qualifications.
00:41:44.720 --> 00:41:47.379
But the problem is that schools
is also a place that
00:41:47.380 --> 00:41:48.740
squashes your personality.
00:41:55.660 --> 00:42:00.449
In China, they say \"make a
difference, be creative.\" This
00:42:00.450 --> 00:42:03.979
would depend on knowledge.
00:42:03.980 --> 00:42:07.189
And our schools shouldn\'t squash
creativity and the
00:42:07.190 --> 00:42:08.440
power of imagination.
00:42:20.550 --> 00:42:23.570
I\'d like to work in banking
and capital markets.
00:42:26.900 --> 00:42:32.039
Because over the past 10 years,
China has developed so
00:42:32.040 --> 00:42:37.200
fast, it would guarantee
my future.
00:42:42.690 --> 00:42:45.489
Narrator: Like Kay-Kay, most
of these students are their
00:42:45.490 --> 00:42:49.039
parents\' only child, and the
first generation in their
00:42:49.040 --> 00:42:53.459
families to benefit from
university; the fruit of their
00:42:53.460 --> 00:42:54.710
parents\' labor.
00:42:57.530 --> 00:43:00.410
- We\'re very happy with how
she\'s turned out to be.
00:43:03.780 --> 00:43:08.530
- We are very proud of her as
a person and of her values.
00:43:12.550 --> 00:43:16.069
Narrator: Kay-Kay\'s parents\'
earnings have multiplied.
00:43:16.070 --> 00:43:18.089
Between them, they earn
the equivalent of
00:43:18.090 --> 00:43:21.319
$13,000 US a year.
00:43:21.320 --> 00:43:24.429
A quarter of it goes on their
daughter\'s university and
00:43:24.430 --> 00:43:25.680
living expenses.
00:43:31.610 --> 00:43:33.639
- So beautiful!
00:43:33.640 --> 00:43:34.890
So beautiful!
00:43:37.240 --> 00:43:40.569
Narrator: So many shoes,
so little time.
00:43:40.570 --> 00:43:44.069
Weekends are now the only time
that Kay-Kay and her parents
00:43:44.070 --> 00:43:45.320
get to see each other.
00:43:48.110 --> 00:43:49.660
- They are very kind people.
00:43:52.670 --> 00:43:54.190
I love them very much.
00:43:57.610 --> 00:44:02.919
They have done so many things
for me, as I\'m at the center
00:44:02.920 --> 00:44:04.170
of their circle.
00:44:07.050 --> 00:44:08.979
It can\'t be like this.
00:44:08.980 --> 00:44:10.230
I\'ll cry!
00:44:14.040 --> 00:44:18.189
Maybe it\'s because I\'m
an only child.
00:44:18.190 --> 00:44:21.309
I got all the love from them.
00:44:21.310 --> 00:44:23.100
The emotions are so deep.
00:44:31.330 --> 00:44:35.979
They gave me so much.
00:44:35.980 --> 00:44:38.139
I feel the physical
things they gave
00:44:38.140 --> 00:44:40.639
me have their limits.
00:44:40.640 --> 00:44:45.359
But what they gave me
spiritually has no end.
00:44:45.360 --> 00:44:49.589
They gave me the power to run.
00:44:49.590 --> 00:44:53.059
They made me feel like I had
a whole mountain behind me,
00:44:53.060 --> 00:44:56.599
pushing me to run faster.
00:44:56.600 --> 00:44:58.960
And they made me feel
I wanted to run.
00:45:01.220 --> 00:45:02.999
This is no good.
00:45:03.000 --> 00:45:03.410
Cut!
00:45:03.411 --> 00:45:04.660
I\'m crying now.
00:45:17.780 --> 00:45:19.250
My father\'s singing.
00:45:22.680 --> 00:45:23.930
So handsome.
00:45:27.090 --> 00:45:29.039
I\'m an only child.
00:45:29.040 --> 00:45:32.709
And there are so many
things I never have.
00:45:32.710 --> 00:45:35.439
Sisters or brothers
who I could ask to
00:45:35.440 --> 00:45:38.429
help me with things.
00:45:38.430 --> 00:45:41.310
So I need to stand on my own
feet more than others.
00:45:48.880 --> 00:45:49.080
Cut!
00:45:49.081 --> 00:45:50.330
Wait a moment.
00:45:55.720 --> 00:45:57.939
Something touched me.
00:45:57.940 --> 00:46:00.479
- Did you feel lonely?
00:46:00.480 --> 00:46:01.730
- Not lonely.
00:46:04.650 --> 00:46:09.369
Because I was given lots
of love, even if
00:46:09.370 --> 00:46:10.750
I was an only child.
00:46:28.560 --> 00:46:31.209
Narrator: Since we started
filming here, Kay-Kay\'s
00:46:31.210 --> 00:46:35.129
hometown, Guangzhou, has
been transformed.
00:46:35.130 --> 00:46:38.679
The so-called Garden City has
flourished with trees and
00:46:38.680 --> 00:46:42.469
shrubs, seemingly planted
wherever possible.
00:46:42.470 --> 00:46:45.759
The development has been fueled
by Guangdong Province\'s
00:46:45.760 --> 00:46:47.569
economic success.
00:46:47.570 --> 00:46:51.639
A third of China\'s exports
come from here.
00:46:51.640 --> 00:46:56.599
But a cleaner Guangzhou is
only part of the story.
00:46:56.600 --> 00:46:59.280
- Polluting industries
have had to relocate.
00:47:02.670 --> 00:47:05.729
My factory and others moved
out of town to protect the
00:47:05.730 --> 00:47:06.980
environment.
00:47:08.940 --> 00:47:11.369
It was polluting the Pearl
River, so it\'s
00:47:11.370 --> 00:47:12.620
been moved to Nansha.
00:47:15.690 --> 00:47:18.639
Narrator: In the coming years,
Kay-Kay\'s educated generation
00:47:18.640 --> 00:47:21.809
will enter the workplace.
00:47:21.810 --> 00:47:24.929
And Kay-Kay is in no doubt
about the challenges the
00:47:24.930 --> 00:47:26.740
future holds for all of them.
00:47:30.420 --> 00:47:33.989
- We shouldn\'t be careless
about the future and only
00:47:33.990 --> 00:47:36.999
bother ourselves with today.
00:47:37.000 --> 00:47:41.279
This is what I worry about the
most, because the environment
00:47:41.280 --> 00:47:42.530
is deteriorating.
00:47:47.190 --> 00:47:52.389
The reason I\'m saying this is
because if we destroy nature,
00:47:52.390 --> 00:47:54.100
then nature will punish us.
00:47:56.990 --> 00:47:58.460
Yes, punish us.
00:48:02.520 --> 00:48:03.790
This is very important.
00:48:08.850 --> 00:48:10.100
OK.
00:48:18.920 --> 00:48:21.929
Narrator: When we began filming
during the \'92 Earth
00:48:21.930 --> 00:48:25.419
Summit, we had no idea
how the lives of our
00:48:25.420 --> 00:48:28.499
children would evolve.
00:48:28.500 --> 00:48:33.359
They\'ve grown up amid peace,
violence, family breakdown,
00:48:33.360 --> 00:48:34.610
and family support.
00:48:37.540 --> 00:48:41.649
Amid growing prosperity and
enduring poverty...
00:48:41.650 --> 00:48:43.160
pollution and cleanup...
00:48:46.190 --> 00:48:48.669
the pull of the countryside,
and the
00:48:48.670 --> 00:48:51.769
great rush to the cities.
00:48:51.770 --> 00:48:56.909
Twenty years on from Rio, their
11 lives and one death
00:48:56.910 --> 00:48:59.130
show it\'s time for a new agenda.
