00:01:39.468 --> 00:01:40.552
Can I help you?

00:01:41.637 --> 00:01:44.890
Do me a favour, there's a brick...

00:01:49.478 --> 00:01:51.438
That’s the lock.

00:01:54.483 --> 00:01:56.843
- How far are we going?
- As far as we can.

00:02:20.212 --> 00:02:23.011
We left from Tena,
on the river Jatunyacu.

00:02:24.137 --> 00:02:27.391
At the point it joins the Anzu,
the Napo is formed.

00:02:29.059 --> 00:02:33.605
Further down, other rivers join,
the Arajuno...

00:02:34.381 --> 00:02:35.899
the Misahuallí.

00:02:36.817 --> 00:02:39.152
They gradually enrich the Napo.

00:02:40.237 --> 00:02:45.325
Then it flows long down to Iquitos,
where it joins the Marañón.

00:03:09.016 --> 00:03:13.770
The Napo is one of the main tributaries
of the great Amazon River.

00:03:18.550 --> 00:03:24.648
The Waorani have lived since time
immemorial on the right bank of the river.

00:03:28.744 --> 00:03:32.956
For a long time, the Waorani
repelled with their spears

00:03:33.148 --> 00:03:37.169
all intruders who attempted
to cross the Napo River.

00:03:44.885 --> 00:03:47.679
Was the right bank Waorani territory?

00:03:48.247 --> 00:03:50.038
That is correct.

00:03:50.198 --> 00:03:56.155
Until the mid-last century,
50s, 60s, even the 70s,

00:03:57.015 --> 00:04:00.442
all of that was Waorani territory.

00:04:01.485 --> 00:04:08.075
Colonization and oil companies
advanced on the northern bank.

00:04:18.251 --> 00:04:20.420
Only in 1970,

00:04:20.580 --> 00:04:23.498
could the Ecuadorian state build a bridge

00:04:23.924 --> 00:04:26.751
and open the first road
through the forest.

00:04:32.099 --> 00:04:34.142
That is the bridge that...

00:04:34.302 --> 00:04:36.561
symbolizes colonization.

00:04:41.566 --> 00:04:45.654
Thus began the conquest
of the right bank of the Napo River.

00:04:53.245 --> 00:04:57.624
The Waorani call this river : Toroboro.

00:05:03.338 --> 00:05:08.051
ON THE RIGHT BANK

00:05:08.211 --> 00:05:13.056
THE NAME OF THE PLANTS

00:06:02.189 --> 00:06:06.985
Did you know that biodiverse Ecuador,
is also a multi-ethnic country?

00:06:08.445 --> 00:06:11.247
And what is the value
of being multi-ethnic?

00:06:12.741 --> 00:06:16.536
Ethnic groups know many plants.

00:06:16.696 --> 00:06:20.916
Over time they had to learn
to use the forest to live.

00:06:21.792 --> 00:06:24.753
They had no supermarket,
they didn't have cars.

00:06:25.212 --> 00:06:28.911
How do they get around?
Eat, bath, smell good,

00:06:29.151 --> 00:06:30.488
paint themselves...

00:06:30.648 --> 00:06:32.961
They had to learn how to use plants.

00:06:34.054 --> 00:06:36.227
We established a...

00:06:36.803 --> 00:06:38.934
plot of...

00:06:39.334 --> 00:06:40.852
one hectare.

00:06:44.139 --> 00:06:46.650
That is, 100 by 100 metres.

00:06:47.859 --> 00:06:50.821
25 subplots
of 20 metres by 20 metres.

00:06:50.981 --> 00:06:54.699
In these subplots
we marked all the trees

00:06:55.492 --> 00:07:01.114
equal to or greater
than 10 centimetres "DBH",

00:07:01.232 --> 00:07:03.835
"diameter at breast height".

00:07:04.035 --> 00:07:06.294
This is "diameter at breast height".

00:07:06.534 --> 00:07:09.048
The result was more
than 600 species.

00:07:09.208 --> 00:07:15.554
All of them had Waorani names
and each plant up to nine utilities.

00:07:15.714 --> 00:07:16.888
One and the same plant.

00:07:17.430 --> 00:07:22.227
Question for you:
Is this ethnic richness or not?

00:07:22.435 --> 00:07:26.439
-Yes.
-A lot of knowledge stored in there,

00:07:26.748 --> 00:07:28.358
without anyone knowing about it.

00:07:53.517 --> 00:07:57.679
- Are these the ones from Quehueiri-Ono?
- Yes, some of them are from Quehueiri-Ono.

00:07:58.555 --> 00:08:03.476
In botany, we consider that a drawing
is more instructive than a photo,

00:08:03.894 --> 00:08:06.688
it allows you to emphasize
what you wish to highlight,

00:08:08.023 --> 00:08:10.150
the precise detail.

00:08:12.152 --> 00:08:15.238
When a new species is published,
this structure

00:08:15.398 --> 00:08:17.574
has many details
in the microscope.

00:08:17.734 --> 00:08:21.269
You don't see it with a naked eye,
but through the microscope.

00:08:21.453 --> 00:08:25.874
The drawing is...
If you like to draw.

00:08:28.752 --> 00:08:30.212
I can see that you like it.

00:08:32.088 --> 00:08:34.883
- Yes...
- Are these yours?

00:08:35.233 --> 00:08:37.636
When I was a student,

00:08:39.221 --> 00:08:41.681
I liked to draw,
in fact I have some...

00:08:42.515 --> 00:08:45.352
publications with drawings,
the first ones.

00:08:52.525 --> 00:08:56.029
26 169...

00:09:03.495 --> 00:09:05.497
A 10-metre high tree.

00:09:05.657 --> 00:09:11.127
It is tree number 10 in subquadrant 1
of the permanent plot.

00:09:12.045 --> 00:09:17.342
Wao name is mañehue,
translates as "conga tree".

00:09:17.502 --> 00:09:22.889
The crushed bark is applied
in the conga chopping.

00:09:23.049 --> 00:09:25.183
It is used for conga ant biting.

00:09:25.684 --> 00:09:30.438
We have two proofs
of what we've published.

00:09:30.598 --> 00:09:34.442
The sample and the catalogued information.

00:09:34.602 --> 00:09:37.821
Did you write this down in Quehueri-Ono?

00:09:38.363 --> 00:09:41.533
Of course.
This is my field notebook.

00:09:42.742 --> 00:09:45.220
Here it says: Quehueiri-Ono.

00:09:46.538 --> 00:09:49.958
Quehueiri-Ono...
Chrysochlamys brachiolate...

00:09:52.210 --> 00:09:54.129
This is Ocata.

00:09:54.629 --> 00:09:59.592
This is the boy we are talking about...

00:09:59.752 --> 00:10:04.723
Fabian, I think that's him, young.
This is Gueme.

00:10:05.598 --> 00:10:09.686
He was the matchmaker
in the community.

00:10:11.229 --> 00:10:13.315
Gueme, Ocata...

00:10:14.274 --> 00:10:15.683
This is me, younger.

00:10:33.752 --> 00:10:37.005
In the mid 90's, Dr. Carlos Cerón

00:10:37.165 --> 00:10:40.675
and his colleague, Dr. Consuelo Montalvo,

00:10:40.835 --> 00:10:43.428
carried out anethnobotanical study

00:10:43.588 --> 00:10:45.764
in the Waorani community
of Quehueiri-Ono,

00:10:45.924 --> 00:10:48.083
in Ecuador’s Amazon.

00:10:52.771 --> 00:10:56.566
The study stated
that the elders of this community

00:10:56.941 --> 00:11:00.028
knew, named and used

00:11:00.904 --> 00:11:05.416
each and every one
of the 625 species of trees

00:11:05.533 --> 00:11:08.219
that the botanists had identified there.

00:11:16.503 --> 00:11:21.508
For Waorani people,
100% of the trees were useful.

00:11:26.429 --> 00:11:30.892
Despite its importance, the study stopped
due to lack of funding.

00:11:32.519 --> 00:11:37.273
The botanists and their informants
didn't meet again.

00:11:42.153 --> 00:11:44.247
This is how this story began,

00:11:44.656 --> 00:11:48.993
when I decided to look
for the 13 informants of the study

00:11:49.153 --> 00:11:51.913
and propose to them to meet again,

00:11:52.073 --> 00:11:56.042
after 25 years, with the botanists.

00:12:05.301 --> 00:12:08.513
Two children that were
translators in the study,

00:12:09.556 --> 00:12:12.434
Ima Nenkimo and Nampa Niwa,

00:12:12.809 --> 00:12:16.563
now adults, located the elders

00:12:16.733 --> 00:12:20.050
and took me to meet them.

00:12:24.012 --> 00:12:26.038
I was about 8 years old.

00:12:28.898 --> 00:12:32.996
A botanist said to me:
"Help me get that leaf down."

00:12:33.156 --> 00:12:37.167
I said "ok". As I was a boy,

00:12:38.042 --> 00:12:39.085
to gain...

00:12:39.645 --> 00:12:41.070
I climbed higher.

00:12:41.629 --> 00:12:45.258
I stretched myself to grab a leaf,

00:12:45.418 --> 00:12:49.512
then I felt the tree bending down.

00:12:51.890 --> 00:12:53.207
That's when...

00:12:54.267 --> 00:12:56.561
I thought,
"It's going to break...

00:12:56.769 --> 00:12:58.638
"I'm coming down with the branch."

00:12:59.709 --> 00:13:05.170
Instead of staying put
until it went down,

00:13:05.330 --> 00:13:07.814
I let go and...

00:13:07.974 --> 00:13:09.357
I fell to the ground.

00:13:10.233 --> 00:13:13.945
Then, Dad said,
"don't hang out with them.

00:13:17.032 --> 00:13:21.244
"You were lucky to just get bumped,
but you could have fractured."

00:13:23.371 --> 00:13:25.540
Gontiwano, Gontiwano,
Quehueiri-Ono.

00:13:29.586 --> 00:13:31.538
Wentaro, Wentaro,
Quehueiri-Ono.

00:13:44.935 --> 00:13:47.500
Moipa worked...

00:13:47.660 --> 00:13:50.023
with Carlos Cerón in the botany study.

00:13:50.183 --> 00:13:52.859
He is a plant connoisseur.

00:13:53.926 --> 00:13:59.032
I'm calling him,
but I can't get through.

00:13:59.991 --> 00:14:04.079
It is cloudy today,
there's a lot of interference.

00:14:05.705 --> 00:14:11.002
I almost died, I was sick.

00:14:11.162 --> 00:14:14.965
I went to Tena to recover.

00:14:19.636 --> 00:14:23.807
Now I turn off the radio and
try to get there.

00:14:23.967 --> 00:14:28.144
I'll leave the canoe where the late
Oowe and Domingo lived.

00:14:28.937 --> 00:14:31.398
We're on our way now.

00:14:32.207 --> 00:14:33.992
Wait for us.

00:14:34.352 --> 00:14:37.570
If he's got a hen,
tell him to prepare it.

00:14:37.730 --> 00:14:39.885
Tell him Armando says
he shall cook a hen.

00:14:43.702 --> 00:14:47.347
If you have a hen,
prepare it for the white men.

00:14:49.215 --> 00:14:50.608
A hen, a hen.

00:14:51.626 --> 00:14:53.761
We're ready,
we'll be right out.

00:14:54.929 --> 00:14:56.848
That's all, I'm turning off the radio.

00:15:09.611 --> 00:15:11.487
That's where you fell off.

00:15:16.868 --> 00:15:19.538
Tell him that the plot was here.

00:15:29.389 --> 00:15:34.927
This is where Freddy Niwa
had the accident.

00:15:38.348 --> 00:15:41.517
- That's where the plot was?
- No, it was a subplot.

00:15:42.185 --> 00:15:44.354
- The transect?
- Yes.

00:16:30.233 --> 00:16:35.271
We're going to meet again
with Cugi, Guenwa...

00:16:36.614 --> 00:16:40.159
Ñame and Oowe are already dead.

00:16:41.202 --> 00:16:45.456
We will meet again with those
who were in the project.

00:16:51.504 --> 00:16:54.340
We met Moipa in the community of Wentaro,

00:16:54.882 --> 00:16:57.176
where he had been living for 20 years.

00:16:58.386 --> 00:17:01.556
He agreed to meet again with the botanists

00:17:02.807 --> 00:17:05.226
and told us that his father-in-law, Oowe,

00:17:05.810 --> 00:17:09.605
also an informant in the study,
had passed away.

00:17:20.074 --> 00:17:21.826
My late father-in-law Oowe.

00:17:25.038 --> 00:17:27.165
They're getting ready to hunt.

00:17:33.921 --> 00:17:37.884
Oowe is climbing up the tree
bringing down the dead monkeys.

00:17:38.044 --> 00:17:42.430
Oowe is the hunter,
Gaya carries the monkeys.

00:17:44.390 --> 00:17:46.284
They are picking up the dead monkey.

00:17:46.809 --> 00:17:49.061
They prepare to return home.

00:17:49.921 --> 00:17:51.639
They were skilled hunters.

00:17:53.149 --> 00:17:55.451
They had to be strong

00:17:55.902 --> 00:18:01.073
to prepare the curare,
the arrows and the blowpipe.

00:18:02.325 --> 00:18:04.952
I wonder when this all changed.

00:18:16.839 --> 00:18:19.425
That bird always sleeps there.

00:18:23.221 --> 00:18:26.474
I once caught a tobe parrot right there.

00:18:27.558 --> 00:18:30.077
I shot an arrow at it and it landed here.

00:18:31.062 --> 00:18:34.649
On that guaba branch.

00:18:40.696 --> 00:18:43.282
After Moipa, we went to see Ocata

00:18:43.442 --> 00:18:48.471
who had returned to live in the land
of his ancestors in the Yawepare community.

00:18:51.816 --> 00:18:56.337
From here to the Napo River
it was pure jungle.

00:18:56.497 --> 00:19:00.466
We were the only ones who lived here.

00:19:01.425 --> 00:19:07.598
We lived like the jaguars
that stalk, attack and kill.

00:19:07.758 --> 00:19:11.519
The kowore used to attack us
and we fought back.

00:19:11.679 --> 00:19:16.148
We hid, but they attacked us
from behind.

00:19:16.308 --> 00:19:19.452
That's how it was when we were kids.

00:19:21.362 --> 00:19:25.157
Father-in-law, did you light
the fire in the morning?

00:19:25.575 --> 00:19:28.310
I didn't light it, it kept on all night.

00:19:28.470 --> 00:19:30.479
It is good wood, it keeps on all night.

00:19:32.832 --> 00:19:33.992
Yes...

00:19:35.001 --> 00:19:40.715
I live like this,
I light the fire in the house

00:19:41.507 --> 00:19:47.138
and I keep it burning
day and night.

00:20:11.513 --> 00:20:13.890
This is "barbasco".

00:20:14.499 --> 00:20:16.935
They hit it and it produces a milk.

00:20:17.477 --> 00:20:20.897
They put it in and the fish die...

00:20:21.439 --> 00:20:24.568
This is the tradition
of barbasco fishing,

00:20:24.728 --> 00:20:27.153
so that they die.

00:21:01.053 --> 00:21:04.941
Going down the Dayuno river,
we found Cugi,

00:21:05.725 --> 00:21:08.953
who had gone fishing
with his community.

00:21:09.762 --> 00:21:12.231
It goes up,
to the other curve.

00:21:43.563 --> 00:21:45.640
Look at the fish, I got it.

00:21:58.402 --> 00:22:00.279
It's going the other way!

00:22:03.241 --> 00:22:05.117
It's by your feet!

00:22:39.477 --> 00:22:44.040
There are quite a few jaguar tracks.

00:22:45.333 --> 00:22:50.213
There are many jaguars around here.

00:22:51.372 --> 00:22:53.591
Show me, Cugi, where is it?

00:22:54.884 --> 00:22:59.764
Here's the jaguar's footprint.

00:22:59.924 --> 00:23:03.001
It passed by this way...

00:23:08.456 --> 00:23:09.715
Look...

00:23:14.270 --> 00:23:16.948
You have put chili.

00:23:23.286 --> 00:23:26.582
I put chili all around so it won't come.

00:23:28.834 --> 00:23:30.753
He put chili.

00:23:30.913 --> 00:23:34.132
In the Waorani culture,
jaguars are afraid of chili.

00:23:35.041 --> 00:23:37.960
To prevent them
from coming near the house,

00:23:38.144 --> 00:23:40.563
Cugi has sprinkled chili.

00:23:44.625 --> 00:23:49.004
This tree is kenemoe.
The scraped bark cures scabies.

00:23:49.364 --> 00:23:52.416
It is also used to make canoes.

00:23:52.842 --> 00:23:55.052
That's a guigamoncahue tree,

00:23:55.212 --> 00:23:58.197
from the bark of that
you can make curare.

00:23:58.657 --> 00:24:01.225
This one is called eguinewe.

00:24:01.851 --> 00:24:05.579
Turkeys eat the fruits
and wantas eat the seeds.

00:24:06.139 --> 00:24:07.523
How do you know that?

00:24:07.940 --> 00:24:10.643
How did you learn, Cugi?

00:24:10.803 --> 00:24:12.233
My grandparents taught me.

00:24:12.351 --> 00:24:16.390
He learned from his grandfather, he says.

00:24:17.741 --> 00:24:19.160
This is the leaf...

00:24:22.688 --> 00:24:25.833
The leaf of the guigamoncahue
has many stripes.

00:24:26.625 --> 00:24:28.627
Who was your grandfather, Cugi?

00:24:31.714 --> 00:24:33.299
My grandfather was Ñiwa.

00:24:34.550 --> 00:24:36.118
Who was he?

00:24:38.804 --> 00:24:41.182
My grandfather is dead.

00:24:42.391 --> 00:24:47.980
All the trees,
I learnt from my grandfather.

00:24:48.722 --> 00:24:51.525
At that time, how old were you?

00:24:51.942 --> 00:24:54.945
He was killed when
I was 6 years old.

00:24:55.821 --> 00:24:58.782
Ñiwa died when he was 6 years old.

00:24:58.942 --> 00:25:02.590
He accompanied him hunting
and there he taught him

00:25:02.790 --> 00:25:04.121
to identify the trees.

00:25:04.281 --> 00:25:09.001
Cugi, when your grandfather was alive,
had you already been contacted?

00:25:14.256 --> 00:25:16.592
He was never contacted,
he says.

00:25:17.635 --> 00:25:23.265
He didn't like people very much.
He preferred to be alone.

00:25:23.425 --> 00:25:26.435
He was very fierce with enemies.

00:25:27.811 --> 00:25:32.107
He killed Quichua and Wao people,
like a warrior.

00:25:37.321 --> 00:25:40.532
Ñiwa had no compassion for anyone,

00:25:40.692 --> 00:25:43.869
for him killing was like
eating every day.

00:25:44.029 --> 00:25:47.623
That's the way he was,
he had to be respected.

00:26:05.016 --> 00:26:07.305
How it is? It's gone.

00:26:31.074 --> 00:26:33.436
Look. A firefly.

00:27:00.070 --> 00:27:01.613
It got angry...

00:27:21.967 --> 00:27:25.012
Dr. Cerón and Dr. Montalvo

00:27:25.172 --> 00:27:28.615
agreed to meet again
with their former informants.

00:27:33.604 --> 00:27:36.023
To go to Quehueiri-Ono from Quito,

00:27:36.231 --> 00:27:42.029
you descend the Andes
to the city of Francisco de Orellana,

00:27:42.488 --> 00:27:46.575
known as El Coca, on the left bank
of the Napo River.

00:27:51.789 --> 00:27:53.665
After crossing the bridge,

00:27:54.275 --> 00:27:56.919
740 metres long,

00:27:57.211 --> 00:28:00.347
you take the road called Via Auca.

00:28:10.808 --> 00:28:14.269
The colonizers called the Waorani "Aucas".

00:28:14.686 --> 00:28:17.598
A Quichua word meaning "savage".

00:28:18.941 --> 00:28:21.845
The term is no longer used.
They prefer

00:28:22.046 --> 00:28:26.916
to be called "waorani", which
in their language means "person".

00:28:29.201 --> 00:28:32.596
In spite of this, the road
continues to bear this name.

00:28:35.649 --> 00:28:40.011
The oil field adjacent to the road
is also called Auca.

00:28:41.338 --> 00:28:46.529
Maybe they named it that way to celebrate
the subjugation of the Waorani,

00:28:46.729 --> 00:28:49.179
which enabled this field's opening.

00:29:10.993 --> 00:29:12.512
100 kilometres south,

00:29:12.672 --> 00:29:17.458
you take a canoe to go up
the Shiripuno river for 4 hours.

00:29:25.799 --> 00:29:27.025
Good night.

00:29:49.806 --> 00:29:53.535
Dr. Carlos Cerón, so many years...
22 years?

00:29:53.695 --> 00:29:56.038
- 24.
- 24 years since we met here.

00:29:56.622 --> 00:29:59.316
Tomorrow we have to go
and see our plot.

00:29:59.476 --> 00:30:02.961
- Do you remember when I was little?
- When you fell off the branch...

00:30:07.975 --> 00:30:10.385
- Is he...?
- Gava.

00:30:10.945 --> 00:30:13.146
Are you the one who fell off the branch?

00:30:13.855 --> 00:30:16.775
No, it was "Peterete", who is over there.

00:30:18.174 --> 00:30:19.528
Is he the one who fell?

00:30:19.686 --> 00:30:21.696
He stop growing after that.

00:30:22.437 --> 00:30:24.532
He peed from the branches
to those below.

00:30:25.158 --> 00:30:26.484
Like a monkey.

00:30:27.336 --> 00:30:29.738
He was pissing on Monca.

00:30:30.580 --> 00:30:32.958
From above he peed, from the branch.

00:30:35.802 --> 00:30:38.180
Gueme said : "It's raining..."

00:30:43.226 --> 00:30:46.647
9 participants of the original group
came to the gathering,

00:30:46.807 --> 00:30:48.857
with some of their family members.

00:30:57.282 --> 00:30:58.909
I'm taking it now.

00:31:03.080 --> 00:31:05.874
For 3 days we walked around the plot,

00:31:06.708 --> 00:31:08.627
the paths near the village,

00:31:09.378 --> 00:31:13.298
and a transect that the botanists
traced on the other side of the river.

00:31:16.885 --> 00:31:22.182
At that time, I thought we were making
a film about plants.

00:31:27.979 --> 00:31:30.442
This looks like "19".

00:31:41.201 --> 00:31:44.663
Let's ask Ocata
if he remembers this plant.

00:31:46.189 --> 00:31:47.399
If he was...

00:31:48.291 --> 00:31:50.961
On this list, I don't have the numbers.

00:31:52.546 --> 00:31:54.389
Can we see the leaf?

00:31:56.216 --> 00:31:59.136
No. This list was just from the plot.

00:31:59.594 --> 00:32:01.763
Ocata, what's that?

00:32:02.139 --> 00:32:03.724
Menuhe.

00:32:04.599 --> 00:32:06.101
Menuhe?

00:32:06.810 --> 00:32:11.231
The seed is purple like your handkerchief.

00:32:11.606 --> 00:32:14.984
Violet. They use it to paint garments.

00:32:15.652 --> 00:32:17.888
Its colour is violet.

00:32:19.364 --> 00:32:21.700
As small as a coffee seed?

00:32:23.160 --> 00:32:25.954
Birds eat it.

00:32:26.114 --> 00:32:30.083
Birds eat it, toucans, turkeys.

00:32:33.378 --> 00:32:36.319
Do they use it for medicine?

00:32:36.479 --> 00:32:40.677
-Only for animals.
-Just food for birds.

00:32:40.837 --> 00:32:43.555
How tall did we estimate it, that time?

00:32:44.806 --> 00:32:46.433
To compare...

00:32:47.058 --> 00:32:49.227
11...

00:32:52.981 --> 00:32:55.650
- It was thin, now it's big.
- Thinner?

00:32:57.486 --> 00:32:58.753
Up to here.

00:33:00.280 --> 00:33:01.573
Minus 20.

00:33:02.616 --> 00:33:04.659
It used to be very thin.

00:33:05.535 --> 00:33:10.081
-What does he say?
-It used to be small, now it is big.

00:33:10.241 --> 00:33:15.962
126 minus 20, 106.

00:33:16.922 --> 00:33:18.381
How much was it?

00:33:20.133 --> 00:33:24.387
106, and it was 23...

00:33:24.547 --> 00:33:28.016
It grew 5 times its size,
this one grew fast.

00:33:34.064 --> 00:33:37.651
28.9, now.

00:33:38.276 --> 00:33:40.967
The tree thickened by 1 millimetre...

00:33:41.627 --> 00:33:46.159
1 millimetre is this much, per year.
It's very little.

00:33:46.543 --> 00:33:48.745
2 centimetres in 20 years.

00:34:07.889 --> 00:34:10.267
This one is called "batawe".

00:34:11.810 --> 00:34:14.563
They use it for...

00:34:14.723 --> 00:34:17.983
The fruit is for humans and animals.

00:34:20.777 --> 00:34:26.950
The seeds are big and edible,
with lint on the outside.

00:34:27.649 --> 00:34:30.245
On the inside it's like...

00:34:31.162 --> 00:34:35.333
Juicy, like the one they call "tuna",

00:34:35.792 --> 00:34:39.212
similar to that, pinky,

00:34:40.630 --> 00:34:42.799
the flesh of the fruit inside.

00:34:43.425 --> 00:34:46.803
It loads seasonally.

00:34:47.846 --> 00:34:54.352
When the fruits are ready,

00:34:54.512 --> 00:34:55.812
from above,

00:34:56.897 --> 00:35:00.358
through the treetops,
as birds fly,

00:35:01.318 --> 00:35:07.032
toucans, oropendolas,
caciques and others,

00:35:07.407 --> 00:35:11.578
they start to sting the fruits.

00:35:12.412 --> 00:35:16.315
They throw away the seeds...

00:35:17.220 --> 00:35:21.671
They consume the juice up there,
the flesh... They throw the seeds down.

00:35:22.756 --> 00:35:24.883
Down here there are other...

00:35:26.593 --> 00:35:31.310
Other animals of the earth,
guatuzo, deer, guatines

00:35:31.870 --> 00:35:33.266
and a few others.

00:35:33.683 --> 00:35:35.084
They help...

00:35:35.936 --> 00:35:39.494
They eat the seeds and disperse them.

00:35:39.773 --> 00:35:43.068
Nocturnal animals eat it too, wantas...

00:35:43.944 --> 00:35:47.739
Other, foxes, mice...

00:35:48.114 --> 00:35:52.285
So, we have a combination,
quite a lot...

00:35:53.411 --> 00:35:56.665
During daytime, birds on the top,

00:35:57.165 --> 00:35:59.626
at night, night monkeys come out

00:36:00.252 --> 00:36:05.715
to dump so that other living beings
below can feed.

00:36:07.133 --> 00:36:08.119
The...

00:36:08.279 --> 00:36:09.594
Here...

00:36:09.844 --> 00:36:11.304
This tree loads...

00:36:11.680 --> 00:36:14.265
When you chop it up
it sprouts a sap.

00:36:15.392 --> 00:36:16.601
It is used for...

00:36:17.185 --> 00:36:21.064
to smooth your hair
just like with Johnson oil.

00:36:21.940 --> 00:36:27.320
That the girls
have straight soft hair.

00:36:32.867 --> 00:36:35.245
The tubes are not there anymore?

00:36:35.746 --> 00:36:38.106
Gueme, there were plastic tubes.

00:36:38.266 --> 00:36:40.909
- There they are.
- Are they still there?

00:36:43.278 --> 00:36:46.615
Each corner was marked
with plastic tubes.

00:36:52.954 --> 00:36:54.998
The tubes are gone, aren't they?

00:36:55.373 --> 00:36:56.641
Further, he says.

00:36:56.791 --> 00:36:57.943
Up there.

00:37:13.299 --> 00:37:15.369
Where is it, Gueme?

00:37:19.064 --> 00:37:20.415
What does he say?

00:37:23.109 --> 00:37:26.947
The tube was here, but Boya
knocked this part down.

00:37:27.989 --> 00:37:29.833
Around here...

00:37:52.380 --> 00:37:55.058
This whole hilly part
has been knocked down.

00:37:55.218 --> 00:37:57.702
There's only left a little corner
at the bottom.

00:37:58.770 --> 00:38:00.163
Yeah, because...

00:38:01.690 --> 00:38:05.235
If this is the plot,
only this little corner remains.

00:38:06.736 --> 00:38:09.531
I think it's a quarter.
He knocked down the rest.

00:38:09.691 --> 00:38:11.658
Only the steepest part remains.

00:38:11.818 --> 00:38:14.577
Was it Gueme or had it been
knocked down before?

00:38:15.662 --> 00:38:17.956
Gueme with his family.

00:38:18.832 --> 00:38:19.866
Yes.

00:38:21.710 --> 00:38:23.003
He knocked it down.

00:38:36.016 --> 00:38:39.740
Gueme and his wife had cut down
part of the plot to plant their farm.

00:38:41.896 --> 00:38:45.775
Many years had passed
and the scientists had not returned.

00:38:48.351 --> 00:38:49.452
When he got widowed,

00:38:49.612 --> 00:38:51.414
Gueme left the farm.

00:39:03.001 --> 00:39:05.086
It's not there, it's further down.

00:39:26.024 --> 00:39:27.901
Which one was it?

00:39:28.276 --> 00:39:31.738
I will get a flower,
that one has only buds.

00:39:44.709 --> 00:39:46.605
This one has several buttons.

00:41:09.794 --> 00:41:12.530
This canelo leaf smells delicious.

00:41:58.426 --> 00:42:01.387
Our grandparents were like jaguars.

00:42:01.547 --> 00:42:04.140
They taught us to kill like jaguars.

00:42:04.300 --> 00:42:07.481
They always attacked, speared.
That's how we learned.

00:42:12.273 --> 00:42:15.985
We speared those who settled
on this bank of the Napo river.

00:42:16.145 --> 00:42:20.790
Later we attacked on the other bank
to take their axes and machetes.

00:42:23.326 --> 00:42:28.289
Near Coca, by the Payamino river,
we used to cross all the time.

00:42:29.832 --> 00:42:32.585
There the river is narrow and shallow.

00:42:32.835 --> 00:42:37.257
Where the bridge ends, many intruders
were speared to death.

00:42:37.417 --> 00:42:42.178
They had several houses there,
like these here.

00:42:43.388 --> 00:42:47.558
We speared there with the late Kento,

00:42:47.718 --> 00:42:51.145
two men were killed,
and three women.

00:42:52.313 --> 00:42:57.026
Cugi's father said that he had killed
a young man and an old man.

00:42:58.695 --> 00:43:01.948
When we started attacking them,
there was a big commotion

00:43:02.108 --> 00:43:07.620
and as many of them came
to attack us, we withdrew.

00:43:07.780 --> 00:43:11.040
We swam across
to the other side of the river,

00:43:11.200 --> 00:43:14.002
while they shot at us
with their carbines.

00:43:14.162 --> 00:43:17.547
They fired many shots but
they didn't hit us.

00:43:18.673 --> 00:43:23.970
What about upstream of Napo,
in Awano, Misahualli?

00:43:24.130 --> 00:43:26.889
The late Moipa and Guikita attacked there.

00:43:27.049 --> 00:43:29.309
- Did Moipa speared there?
- Yes.

00:43:29.469 --> 00:43:33.396
Later, Moipa turned into a sloth bear.

00:43:36.691 --> 00:43:41.154
Further down,
where they now call Bocachikta,

00:43:41.314 --> 00:43:44.449
they killed the late Pa.

00:43:45.199 --> 00:43:48.202
He was fine, he fought,
but something happened.

00:43:48.362 --> 00:43:50.745
His body gave him a warning
and they killed him.

00:44:21.069 --> 00:44:26.432
Around '78, I got sick in Tiweno,

00:44:27.592 --> 00:44:29.680
I was 18 years old.

00:44:29.994 --> 00:44:35.958
We all did around the same time,
I was the first one.

00:44:40.588 --> 00:44:42.716
In the evening, I was fine,

00:44:42.916 --> 00:44:47.006
but after urinating...

00:44:47.220 --> 00:44:52.266
I felt some cramps
and fell to the ground.

00:44:52.426 --> 00:44:56.938
I spun around on the floor
and could no longer walk.

00:44:57.098 --> 00:45:00.300
My mother took me to the hammock.

00:45:01.360 --> 00:45:04.562
"Why are you like this?",
said my father.

00:45:05.615 --> 00:45:09.709
What did they say
about this health problem?

00:45:09.869 --> 00:45:15.540
My mum said that maybe Raquel Saint
brought some kind of toxic

00:45:15.700 --> 00:45:20.628
to defend herself against us
in case we hurt her.

00:45:21.187 --> 00:45:26.384
We used to live near
where Ocata lives now, further in...

00:45:26.544 --> 00:45:30.471
A place at the back of Yawepare
that was called...

00:45:31.631 --> 00:45:33.965
Ayamowe.

00:45:34.105 --> 00:45:37.645
Who told you to get out?

00:45:37.805 --> 00:45:42.959
We followed Oncaye and her kowori friends
along the Napo River.

00:45:43.513 --> 00:45:46.779
- Oncaye was his relative?
- Yes.

00:45:46.939 --> 00:45:49.116
Who was Oncaye?

00:45:52.502 --> 00:45:54.337
She was his aunt.

00:45:54.497 --> 00:45:57.670
She civilized and came to fetch them?

00:45:58.530 --> 00:46:01.169
-What did she tell them?
-What did she say?

00:46:01.329 --> 00:46:06.432
She said: "come to hear the word of God.”

00:46:06.592 --> 00:46:09.894
We trusted her, but it was not so.

00:46:10.054 --> 00:46:15.233
We walked 5 days from far below.

00:46:15.593 --> 00:46:17.737
They walked from very far.

00:46:17.937 --> 00:46:20.405
Some were not convinced to come out.

00:46:20.565 --> 00:46:24.659
Then came a message that
it was urgent for us to go out.

00:46:24.819 --> 00:46:28.788
If we didn't get out, we would die.

00:46:28.948 --> 00:46:32.658
In the end, we went to die over there.

00:46:36.778 --> 00:46:39.355
Tuika, Maiga,

00:46:40.274 --> 00:46:42.969
Guiketa, Atimo...

00:46:45.129 --> 00:46:46.588
Emonkawa...

00:46:48.174 --> 00:46:49.834
These people died.

00:46:53.221 --> 00:46:57.433
Many women died
in this time... Baku, Ñai...

00:46:57.593 --> 00:46:59.018
Game.

00:46:59.178 --> 00:47:02.155
Nanka... now...

00:47:04.815 --> 00:47:07.135
Many... Nani...

00:47:08.390 --> 00:47:09.487
Gawade...

00:47:10.112 --> 00:47:11.998
Boika...

00:47:12.998 --> 00:47:14.742
I don't remember anymore.

00:47:14.902 --> 00:47:17.319
The late Bopoda, the late Oncaye.

00:47:18.329 --> 00:47:20.289
Many died.

00:47:20.449 --> 00:47:23.292
God gave me strength not to get sick.

00:47:25.536 --> 00:47:29.248
If they hadn't contacted us,
they would not have died.

00:47:30.732 --> 00:47:32.552
We would live better.

00:47:35.179 --> 00:47:37.974
Contact was a disaster.
It brought death.

00:47:50.570 --> 00:47:52.297
At that time,

00:47:55.332 --> 00:47:57.067
they would call them from the air.

00:47:58.260 --> 00:47:59.920
They flew in a small plane.

00:48:00.379 --> 00:48:02.856
They didn't know what it was,
they said it was...

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:08.888
like a bird, a giant bird.

00:48:09.255 --> 00:48:13.225
They were flying around here.

00:48:14.168 --> 00:48:18.000
They spotted the houses from above.

00:48:19.857 --> 00:48:23.444
When they saw a house,
they talked on the loudspeaker...

00:48:23.569 --> 00:48:27.823
“Please go upstream, up, up.”

00:48:28.399 --> 00:48:31.310
Since they knew the land from above,

00:48:31.370 --> 00:48:34.931
they said, "cross this river,
and cross that river.

00:48:35.091 --> 00:48:39.710
"You have to pass two big rivers
and keep going up."

00:48:41.253 --> 00:48:43.420
They gave...

00:48:45.280 --> 00:48:49.178
a deadline for them to get out.

00:48:49.338 --> 00:48:53.057
It was the work of the Summer
Institute of Linguistics.

00:48:53.217 --> 00:48:55.451
They were told that...

00:48:55.611 --> 00:48:59.772
"Please, all go over there
and join in.

00:49:01.523 --> 00:49:04.151
"Whoever don't go there,
shall have no life.

00:49:04.311 --> 00:49:08.322
"God is giving some days for them to...

00:49:09.156 --> 00:49:10.658
"move from that place.

00:49:10.818 --> 00:49:14.411
"If you don't listen,
you will have to die.

00:49:14.571 --> 00:49:17.456
"If you want to live,
go there."

00:49:17.616 --> 00:49:23.396
In two weeks,
they moved from here to there.

00:49:24.256 --> 00:49:25.806
What happened to this land?

00:49:25.966 --> 00:49:29.310
This land became empty.

00:49:29.727 --> 00:49:36.659
It was an agreement of oil companies
with the SIL, with the missionaries.

00:49:37.985 --> 00:49:41.405
At that time oil companies
were coming in.

00:49:43.741 --> 00:49:46.452
The Waorani warriors wouldn't let them in.

00:49:46.612 --> 00:49:51.123
They were opening the trails,
the warriors attacked them.

00:49:51.665 --> 00:49:55.503
They gave them no room to advance,

00:49:56.086 --> 00:49:57.630
with the seismic exploration.

00:49:58.598 --> 00:49:59.699
So...

00:50:00.057 --> 00:50:04.312
It was maybe because of the clothes,
or because they had no vaccinations,

00:50:05.104 --> 00:50:08.733
they got those diseases.
Many died there.

00:50:08.893 --> 00:50:11.569
- Who died?
- My grandfather died.

00:50:12.153 --> 00:50:15.981
-What was his name?
-Toca, his name was Toca.

00:50:16.866 --> 00:50:19.994
-Who else died?
-There dies my...

00:50:20.411 --> 00:50:22.204
my grandmother Ñaima.

00:50:24.165 --> 00:50:25.141
So...

00:50:25.708 --> 00:50:28.753
-Who else, that you know?
-There died...

00:50:29.795 --> 00:50:31.705
some cousins,

00:50:33.049 --> 00:50:34.675
nephews

00:50:37.094 --> 00:50:39.347
of Toca and Ñaima.

00:50:55.071 --> 00:50:59.450
In the mid 1950s,
five evangelist missionaries

00:50:59.610 --> 00:51:02.495
who sought to contact the Waorani
for the first time

00:51:03.162 --> 00:51:06.332
were speared to death
by the Curaray River

00:51:06.749 --> 00:51:09.769
shortly after landing
there in a light aircraft.

00:51:13.756 --> 00:51:16.333
The life of the Waorani
changed that day.

00:51:18.177 --> 00:51:21.347
Raquel Saint, sister of one
of the missionaries,

00:51:22.174 --> 00:51:24.675
and envoy of the Summer
Institute of Linguistics,

00:51:25.226 --> 00:51:30.671
set out to evangelise and relocate them
in a Christian community,

00:51:30.831 --> 00:51:32.942
upstream of the Curaray.

00:51:37.113 --> 00:51:38.948
To protect the martyrs' image,

00:51:40.077 --> 00:51:44.870
they hide that they had used firearms
in their defense,

00:51:45.830 --> 00:51:48.165
killing a Waorani.

00:51:53.254 --> 00:51:57.299
Raquel Saint enlisted
the support of Dayuma,

00:51:57.459 --> 00:52:00.302
a Waorani woman who had fled her clan,

00:52:01.011 --> 00:52:04.265
who taught her their language
and served as a liaison.

00:52:12.148 --> 00:52:16.420
The Waorani who had killed
the missionaries converted to Christianity

00:52:18.171 --> 00:52:22.416
and were presented by Rachel Saint
as a miracle of God all over the world.

00:52:22.818 --> 00:52:26.245
The day God created the world...

00:52:27.913 --> 00:52:31.459
The day God created the world...

00:52:33.169 --> 00:52:36.505
Whoever believes in God
shall go to heaven...

00:52:36.738 --> 00:52:39.026
Croyez, si vous le voulez.

00:52:56.817 --> 00:53:00.362
As the Waorani abandoned their land,

00:53:00.522 --> 00:53:02.561
oil exploration advanced.

00:53:05.034 --> 00:53:08.162
20 years later, in 1972,

00:53:08.562 --> 00:53:12.608
the oil from Napo river
began to be exported.

00:53:15.795 --> 00:53:19.899
110 freighter aircrafts
arrived weekly in the region.

00:53:29.016 --> 00:53:32.741
The helicopter activity was second only

00:53:32.901 --> 00:53:35.606
to that of the Vietnam War,

00:53:35.766 --> 00:53:38.091
according to the press
at that time.

00:54:24.822 --> 00:54:26.657
This is the cedar that we planted.

00:54:30.008 --> 00:54:31.787
Cedars no longer exist here.

00:54:31.947 --> 00:54:36.375
The loggers came from Colombia
and bought the cedars.

00:54:37.877 --> 00:54:41.463
They bought by the plank.
40 for 10.

00:54:41.623 --> 00:54:43.799
On each board there were four panels.

00:54:44.508 --> 00:54:46.343
They paid 10,000 sucres.

00:54:46.503 --> 00:54:49.930
For us it was quite a lot.

00:54:50.347 --> 00:54:52.883
They made numbers.
If we take out...

00:54:53.926 --> 00:54:56.920
300 planks,
they will make a lot of money.

00:54:57.980 --> 00:55:01.692
My dad and my uncle accepted.

00:55:02.318 --> 00:55:07.239
In addition they gave us jobs.
I was a canoe driver.

00:55:07.907 --> 00:55:14.288
300 people came in, 300 Colombians,
each with their own staff.

00:55:14.663 --> 00:55:21.253
In one year cedars were gone.
Cedars can be found 30 km inland.

00:55:21.413 --> 00:55:26.342
We finished here and went to Tiweno.
There we worked for 3 years.

00:55:26.592 --> 00:55:32.765
I worked with them until we got
to a point of the uncontacted tribes,

00:55:32.925 --> 00:55:34.767
at the Cuchiyaco river,

00:55:39.146 --> 00:55:41.523
and the Mencaro River.

00:55:42.733 --> 00:55:48.530
I went so far,
then we saw footsteps, bend branches.

00:55:48.590 --> 00:55:51.767
I chose not to continue.
I withdrew.

00:55:51.927 --> 00:55:55.104
At the same time,
the military began to control,

00:55:55.264 --> 00:55:58.148
both the police and the navy
began to control.

00:55:58.308 --> 00:56:03.529
I withdrew,
but after having worked a long time.

00:56:03.689 --> 00:56:06.090
We took out tons of cedar.

00:56:06.250 --> 00:56:08.509
There were cedar trees that bounced...

00:56:09.080 --> 00:56:11.512
1200 pieces, which equals...

00:56:13.205 --> 00:56:20.204
1200 boards They are not sawn.
We would take huge planks

00:56:20.364 --> 00:56:24.291
from near the stream,
and to the canoe.

00:56:25.301 --> 00:56:26.927
What size were those cedars?

00:56:27.087 --> 00:56:29.555
We're talking about cedars of...

00:56:30.556 --> 00:56:33.325
40 to 30 metres high.

00:56:34.560 --> 00:56:36.770
We could embrace them

00:56:38.439 --> 00:56:40.232
with 12 people.

00:56:40.691 --> 00:56:44.862
From a single tree
we obtained 1200 boards.

00:57:00.961 --> 00:57:02.355
This is...

00:57:04.506 --> 00:57:06.091
the leaf of...

00:57:07.217 --> 00:57:08.477
cedar.

00:57:11.055 --> 00:57:13.390
The fruits appear here.

00:57:15.768 --> 00:57:17.978
They're opposite leaves.

00:57:18.771 --> 00:57:20.564
It smells nice when it blooms,

00:57:21.815 --> 00:57:23.734
8-10 kilometres away.

00:57:27.029 --> 00:57:28.697
It smells very good.

00:58:10.322 --> 00:58:12.691
It's "cauchero" tree..

00:58:12.866 --> 00:58:13.909
It also...

00:58:14.493 --> 00:58:17.446
It bears fruit. Monkeys eat it.

00:58:18.772 --> 00:58:21.125
Guantas, all animals,

00:58:22.710 --> 00:58:24.336
also people.

00:58:26.380 --> 00:58:28.757
When you have collected enough sap,

00:58:28.917 --> 00:58:31.051
you make the rope,
it is like nylon,

00:58:32.344 --> 00:58:34.088
like a strap.

00:58:35.764 --> 00:58:40.853
What do the Wao people
use rubber for? The elders?

00:58:41.311 --> 00:58:45.065
When they had too many insect bites

00:58:45.225 --> 00:58:47.359
they spread it. It doesn't stick.

00:58:48.360 --> 00:58:50.863
Clothes, you can take it away.

00:58:51.690 --> 00:58:52.898
It is good.

00:58:53.058 --> 00:58:59.529
They used it for the same cord,
for the penis, and to make armbands.

00:59:01.823 --> 00:59:08.080
The liquid is soft and you have to
make the line before it hardens.

00:59:09.539 --> 00:59:14.378
There was no oil, only the rubber.
The Spaniards were looking for.

00:59:14.753 --> 00:59:16.630
Then comes the oil,

00:59:17.430 --> 00:59:20.525
drilling. Ecuador...

00:59:21.426 --> 00:59:23.387
Near Arajuno...

00:59:23.929 --> 00:59:29.633
My grandfather, Moipa,
was very intelligent,

00:59:29.771 --> 00:59:31.728
he was a warrior, very strong.

00:59:32.646 --> 00:59:35.190
He defended the Napo River.

00:59:35.440 --> 00:59:40.946
Up there in Villano, not one
kowori dare to enter.

00:59:42.239 --> 00:59:49.229
Moipa, my grandfather,
lived as a defender, strong.

00:59:50.497 --> 00:59:53.875
Together with Niwa,
Moi's grandpa,

00:59:54.710 --> 00:59:57.421
they were both warriors,

00:59:57.581 --> 00:59:59.423
and fought to see who was stronger.

00:59:59.756 --> 01:00:03.093
Niwa, Ocata's father, said...

01:00:04.176 --> 01:00:05.637
“We shall invite him once...

01:00:07.097 --> 01:00:10.225
"We invite him to party
and we kill him,

01:00:10.385 --> 01:00:13.187
"we will kill Moipa,
I will be the only defender."

01:00:13.847 --> 01:00:17.858
So, Niwa killed Moipa,

01:00:18.018 --> 01:00:20.277
the ultimate warrior died.

01:00:20.527 --> 01:00:23.905
Then, Niwa could not hold the warriors.

01:00:25.240 --> 01:00:29.745
He went to Coca for the second time,

01:00:29.905 --> 01:00:31.872
and he was killed by a Secoya indian.

01:00:32.873 --> 01:00:37.777
He was killed while preparing a fire place.

01:00:38.378 --> 01:00:42.265
Niwa was shot,
he fell down wounded.

01:00:43.592 --> 01:00:47.012
That was the end of the warriors.
After that, his sons

01:00:48.201 --> 01:00:50.832
also defended in the Coca region.

01:00:52.225 --> 01:00:55.604
Now they are civilized.
Who protects?

01:00:55.979 --> 01:00:59.591
They entered in 1981...

01:01:01.176 --> 01:01:03.028
Harver Company...

01:01:04.029 --> 01:01:09.951
opened the road through
Waorani territory to Shiripuno.

01:01:10.744 --> 01:01:14.790
After that, oil companies entered,
Texaco...

01:01:17.084 --> 01:01:19.002
Who will occupy?

01:01:19.169 --> 01:01:23.507
If all Waorani are studying
in one village...

01:01:24.299 --> 01:01:29.012
When they came back,
the settlers were already in,

01:01:29.172 --> 01:01:34.000
they are all taking, Shwars...
They all were choosing...

01:02:35.662 --> 01:02:37.572
Short before our trip,

01:02:37.732 --> 01:02:42.752
an oil company had made
the seismic exploration in Waorani land.

01:02:44.212 --> 01:02:48.596
The money the Quehueiri-Ono community
received as a compensation,

01:02:48.756 --> 01:02:50.719
vanished almost immediately.

01:02:52.512 --> 01:02:56.683
Ima's father signed the agreement
with the oil company.

01:02:57.142 --> 01:03:00.688
How much did they distribute
when the seismic came in?

01:03:02.355 --> 01:03:05.442
-It was not enough for everyone.
-How much?

01:03:05.602 --> 01:03:08.904
The elders were given 2 000, 1 500...

01:03:09.064 --> 01:03:11.323
Who took the rest?

01:03:11.948 --> 01:03:14.234
It was not enough, 1 000 here,
5 000 there...

01:03:14.394 --> 01:03:16.169
That's a lot,
you don't understand!

01:03:16.620 --> 01:03:18.497
How did the seismic contract go?

01:03:20.832 --> 01:03:22.121
I signed it myself.

01:03:22.300 --> 01:03:26.940
When they gave me the money
from Gontiguano, Nenquipare, Apaica,

01:03:28.317 --> 01:03:33.096
I brought a package for myself,
but then everyone complained.

01:03:33.356 --> 01:03:35.282
I gave them all.

01:03:35.742 --> 01:03:39.711
Moi said let's leave it there.
The guy in charge came,

01:03:39.871 --> 01:03:43.715
I distributed everything,
Only 20 dollars were left for me.

01:03:44.466 --> 01:03:47.803
8 engines were bought
for those who did not receive cash.

01:03:47.963 --> 01:03:50.472
An engine costs 6000.

01:03:50.632 --> 01:03:54.059
The money was not enough for those
who did not get an engine.

01:03:54.219 --> 01:03:56.812
You don't know how to handle the money.

01:03:56.972 --> 01:04:00.782
The kowori who paid us
helped me to distribute the money.

01:04:00.941 --> 01:04:05.821
I've handed everything over,
I prefer that someone else manage it.

01:04:06.696 --> 01:04:10.617
I gave them the amount they asked for.

01:04:11.243 --> 01:04:15.580
The money from the company is finished.

01:04:15.740 --> 01:04:19.543
That same day, we spent it all.

01:04:19.703 --> 01:04:21.336
We ran out of money...

01:04:21.496 --> 01:04:23.839
Now I work for myself to earn my money.

01:04:23.999 --> 01:04:25.841
Like the employees at the company.

01:04:45.819 --> 01:04:48.655
What was the name of this plant, Cugi?

01:04:52.868 --> 01:04:55.954
In wao-tededo we just call it
“gongaa” (fire).

01:04:57.873 --> 01:04:58.890
Gonga?

01:05:00.125 --> 01:05:02.161
Gongaa, not gonga.

01:05:04.754 --> 01:05:06.806
I beg your pardon?
To write well.

01:05:06.882 --> 01:05:13.722
The elders gathered
and tied a bundle to light the night path.

01:05:14.347 --> 01:05:17.350
- It is like a lantern.
- As the lady says,

01:05:17.510 --> 01:05:21.980
these little fungi produce light,
they're called bioluminescent.

01:05:22.140 --> 01:05:25.817
There's kind of...
It can guide them.

01:05:25.977 --> 01:05:29.254
They are like lanterns,
they produce light at night.

01:05:30.447 --> 01:05:34.743
Elders would crush these seeds

01:05:34.903 --> 01:05:39.080
and rub them on their faces
to cure pimples.

01:05:43.585 --> 01:05:45.754
Ewenigeñabo.

01:05:47.756 --> 01:05:49.098
They eat the flower?

01:05:49.758 --> 01:05:51.292
Cooking the plant, I think.

01:05:51.635 --> 01:05:53.629
They cook it and drink it.

01:05:54.971 --> 01:05:56.389
It's like...

01:05:56.549 --> 01:05:59.226
Look, try Manolo... Chew.

01:05:59.386 --> 01:06:03.563
It's got oxalic acid in it.
Suck a little bit.

01:06:08.443 --> 01:06:09.569
Yummy.

01:06:26.753 --> 01:06:28.380
That's a nice pot, hey!

01:06:28.964 --> 01:06:31.958
For cooking and drinking,
cut that pot down for me.

01:06:33.176 --> 01:06:35.979
Get the pots...
We get half and they take half.

01:06:36.930 --> 01:06:41.685
There's a lot of pots there,
the pot of the spider monkey.

01:06:43.436 --> 01:06:45.814
Let's all take, let's share out.

01:06:45.974 --> 01:06:47.816
-It's very smooth...
-Cugi!

01:06:47.976 --> 01:06:50.902
How soft it cooks.
Half for them and half for us.

01:06:52.946 --> 01:06:56.825
We don't have this tree where I live.

01:06:57.478 --> 01:06:59.077
It cooks fast in that pot.

01:07:00.387 --> 01:07:03.457
It gives a delicious spider monkey broth.

01:07:06.960 --> 01:07:13.327
I once cooked
and drank from this pot.

01:07:15.093 --> 01:07:19.097
I'll hunt some toucans
and I'll cook them with this pot.

01:07:20.557 --> 01:07:24.769
I will hunt them myself
and prepare them to serve me.

01:07:27.355 --> 01:07:29.983
It is nice to cook in this pot.

01:07:57.677 --> 01:08:00.305
Ocata, Moipa and Cugi

01:08:00.465 --> 01:08:03.258
lived most of their lives
in isolation

01:08:06.269 --> 01:08:09.097
until the SIL missionaries arrived.

01:08:13.234 --> 01:08:18.356
In the easternmost forests,
known today as Yasuni National Park,

01:08:20.200 --> 01:08:24.913
continue to live in isolation
the Tagaeri and Taromenane peoples,

01:08:25.538 --> 01:08:29.225
who rejected contact with
the missionaries in the 1960s.

01:08:38.134 --> 01:08:43.890
At the time of entering
in contact with the West,

01:08:44.050 --> 01:08:47.852
some groups said:
"we don't want contact."

01:08:48.052 --> 01:08:50.146
They stayed in the jungle.

01:08:50.647 --> 01:08:55.461
Because of oil companies,
of colonisation,

01:08:55.601 --> 01:08:56.903
of the loggers...

01:08:57.063 --> 01:09:01.199
the territory is reduced and also
there was confrontation,

01:09:01.359 --> 01:09:05.653
there was death by loggers,
by pollution, etc.

01:09:06.062 --> 01:09:10.659
That's why this group doesn't want contact.

01:09:11.376 --> 01:09:14.003
They said...

01:09:14.254 --> 01:09:17.340
"Let us live in peace,
let us just live.

01:09:17.691 --> 01:09:20.877
"We want to live,
we don't want the contact."

01:09:21.536 --> 01:09:23.563
Ocata, for example...

01:09:23.723 --> 01:09:25.607
Your dad, Ocata...

01:09:27.067 --> 01:09:31.363
Does he have cousins
among the uncontacted?

01:09:32.614 --> 01:09:34.741
Yes, of course.

01:09:35.181 --> 01:09:38.370
My grandfather had,
like, 7, 8 wives.

01:09:38.530 --> 01:09:43.625
From each wife,
maybe he had

01:09:43.785 --> 01:09:46.253
5, 8 or 10 children...

01:09:47.337 --> 01:09:51.633
- Some are over there?
- Some of them didn't contact.

01:09:51.793 --> 01:09:56.304
Some of his sons died in the contact,

01:09:56.846 --> 01:09:59.891
but some didn't make contact.

01:10:06.690 --> 01:10:10.360
The separation of the Waorani
from their Tagaeri relatives

01:10:10.520 --> 01:10:13.363
and the Taromenane clan was absolute.

01:10:16.282 --> 01:10:20.078
They share the territory,
but they avoid meeting.

01:10:22.230 --> 01:10:24.190
For the younger Waorani

01:10:24.750 --> 01:10:28.086
the isolated tribes are, a symbol
of the defense of the forest

01:10:28.246 --> 01:10:29.671
and of freedom.

01:12:01.346 --> 01:12:02.514
Good evening.

01:12:02.764 --> 01:12:04.307
Good evening!

01:12:04.567 --> 01:12:09.996
I'm very grateful and I'm going
to leave each of them to express...

01:12:10.156 --> 01:12:16.086
In the farewell, Cugi, Ocata,
Gueme, Moipa and Mario

01:12:17.003 --> 01:12:21.541
said their satisfaction
at having met the botanists again.

01:12:23.868 --> 01:12:27.413
Gueme apologised for having cut down
part of the plot.

01:12:29.290 --> 01:12:32.835
He said he did not know
it was so important

01:12:33.419 --> 01:12:37.715
and he and his wife thought it was
a good spot for their farm.

01:12:40.176 --> 01:12:43.012
There are several
positive conclusions...

01:12:43.179 --> 01:12:48.559
Dr. Cerón informed them that he kept
all the plants collected at that time

01:12:48.759 --> 01:12:51.521
in the herbarium of Central University.

01:12:53.481 --> 01:12:56.901
He told them that they could
visit him whenever they wanted.

01:13:03.699 --> 01:13:06.202
Moipa and Ocata invited the botanists

01:13:06.362 --> 01:13:08.955
to visit the communities
where they now lived,

01:13:11.165 --> 01:13:14.710
because there were
many more species of trees

01:13:15.070 --> 01:13:16.963
than in Quehueiri-Ono.

01:13:20.191 --> 01:13:24.612
Cerón's knowledge surprised everyone,

01:13:25.113 --> 01:13:26.556
and at the same time,

01:13:26.716 --> 01:13:30.729
Cerón and Montalvo admired
the wisdom and erudition of Moipa,

01:13:30.889 --> 01:13:31.557
Mario,

01:13:31.657 --> 01:13:33.371
Cugi and Ocata.

01:13:52.356 --> 01:13:54.775
The next day we returned.

01:13:56.527 --> 01:13:58.454
By a fluke,

01:13:58.514 --> 01:14:01.824
the driver who took us
to the city of Coca

01:14:02.116 --> 01:14:04.785
had worked for the oil company

01:14:04.945 --> 01:14:08.631
in charge of seismic exploration
in Waorani territory.

01:14:12.035 --> 01:14:14.721
His work had been precisely

01:14:14.881 --> 01:14:17.557
to negotiate the agreements
with each community

01:14:18.349 --> 01:14:22.311
and get them to accept the
compensation set by the State

01:14:22.471 --> 01:14:24.413
of 40 dollars per hectare.

01:14:31.821 --> 01:14:33.948
We have worked in...

01:14:35.783 --> 01:14:37.243
these projects...

01:14:38.536 --> 01:14:41.372
and the activity within them.

01:14:43.207 --> 01:14:46.169
- This is the Auca Road?
- That's right.

01:14:46.329 --> 01:14:48.004
This is...

01:14:48.588 --> 01:14:51.549
We're at about Km 61 or so.

01:14:51.966 --> 01:14:53.676
How long is the road?

01:14:54.218 --> 01:14:57.180
It is 80 kilometres long.

01:14:57.638 --> 01:14:59.932
Here we are today, the bridge...

01:15:00.933 --> 01:15:02.602
The road comes...

01:15:03.978 --> 01:15:06.581
Is this where the Waorani used to live?

01:15:06.741 --> 01:15:08.166
In the old days, yes.

01:15:08.983 --> 01:15:10.360
In the 60s?

01:15:10.520 --> 01:15:15.573
Yes, 60s, 70s,
the Waorani lived there.

01:15:18.951 --> 01:15:21.871
This is Armadillo oil field.

01:15:22.663 --> 01:15:24.665
- Where is this?
- This is on the...

01:15:26.334 --> 01:15:28.211
Part of it in Shiripuno river

01:15:28.371 --> 01:15:30.797
and part of...

01:15:31.547 --> 01:15:34.634
inside the parish Inés Arango,

01:15:34.801 --> 01:15:37.804
within Yasuni Park.

01:15:38.346 --> 01:15:41.808
It also covers the Waorani communities

01:15:41.968 --> 01:15:45.812
of Dicapare and Ñoneno,
downstream Shiripuno.

01:15:47.188 --> 01:15:50.066
The Waorani territory
is inside the Yasuni Park.

01:15:50.226 --> 01:15:54.779
There is a security strip
of two kilometres,

01:15:54.939 --> 01:15:58.032
from Waorani territory to here.

01:15:59.033 --> 01:16:02.615
Each grid is where they did

01:16:02.795 --> 01:16:04.739
a seismic blast?

01:16:04.914 --> 01:16:07.834
That's right.
It's a drilling spall.

01:16:08.584 --> 01:16:10.461
It indicates...

01:16:10.711 --> 01:16:14.757
-Drilling for seismic prospection?
-For seismic, right.

01:16:14.917 --> 01:16:16.884
It's a water pump, a drill...

01:16:19.169 --> 01:16:20.212
motor-driven...

01:16:21.941 --> 01:16:25.309
2 1/2 inches drill pipes,

01:16:26.936 --> 01:16:29.063
20 metres inwards.

01:16:29.223 --> 01:16:31.566
We are talking about...

01:16:32.608 --> 01:16:34.443
4...

01:16:34.735 --> 01:16:37.238
5 kilograms of sesmigel,

01:16:38.114 --> 01:16:39.490
which...

01:16:39.650 --> 01:16:41.450
You feel an earthquake.

01:16:42.010 --> 01:16:45.496
90 metres away, it can...

01:16:46.664 --> 01:16:49.542
crush a cement wall.

01:16:51.752 --> 01:16:54.714
It's like a strong earthquake.

01:16:54.874 --> 01:16:58.450
We're talking about 7 to 8 degrees.

01:16:58.843 --> 01:17:00.761
It's a strong earthquake.

01:17:01.387 --> 01:17:03.306
It's called the "shooter".

01:17:04.066 --> 01:17:06.767
They call him on the radio
and they say: prepare, arm.

01:17:07.518 --> 01:17:09.604
How many shots?
15, 20.

01:17:10.104 --> 01:17:11.189
Then...

01:17:14.567 --> 01:17:15.902
It is gone.

01:17:17.028 --> 01:17:20.823
-Can I offer you a glass of chicha?
- Thank you very much.

01:17:21.282 --> 01:17:25.870
We don't prepare it,
but my dad's wife who is a Quichua Indian.

01:17:26.030 --> 01:17:27.872
She makes it mixed.

01:17:30.583 --> 01:17:31.667
This is from what?

01:17:32.126 --> 01:17:36.589
Mandyoca and cooked plantain
mixed with sweet potato.

01:17:37.828 --> 01:17:39.725
Nice to meet you,
please feel at home.

01:17:41.469 --> 01:17:43.137
Excuse me. See you later.

01:17:44.096 --> 01:17:46.140
For how long do you keep it?

01:17:46.557 --> 01:17:49.268
In the fridge it should
keep for about 8 days.

01:17:50.228 --> 01:17:52.730
Yes, we bring it from...

01:17:54.690 --> 01:17:56.817
This mandioca is from the Napo river.

01:17:58.527 --> 01:18:00.304
From the parish of Chontapunta,

01:18:01.781 --> 01:18:04.533
which is inside the block.

01:18:05.952 --> 01:18:08.579
My wife is also from there.

01:18:09.580 --> 01:18:12.792
We bring the bananas, the cassava,

01:18:12.952 --> 01:18:16.170
when we visit,
or some friend comes...

01:18:17.213 --> 01:18:22.635
-"Inside the block", you said?
-Yes, inside Block 21, because...

01:18:22.795 --> 01:18:26.097
All the fields are designated.
There are no...

01:18:26.931 --> 01:18:28.933
"virgin fields".

01:18:31.143 --> 01:18:34.417
We call “block” to all the fields
that are designated.

01:18:34.577 --> 01:18:37.984
There is a block,
we call it “Armadillo”.

01:18:38.484 --> 01:18:40.820
So, in this area,

01:18:40.980 --> 01:18:44.824
every square metre belongs to a block?

01:18:45.658 --> 01:18:49.203
They are all consigned blocks.

01:18:49.363 --> 01:18:51.163
So, there is...

01:18:51.323 --> 01:18:52.748
Block 61...

01:18:52.908 --> 01:18:55.876
There is the delimitation
of the cantons

01:18:56.036 --> 01:19:00.214
and parishes, but the blocks
are superimposed on it.

01:19:00.715 --> 01:19:03.968
- Is it like another territory?
- Yes.

01:19:04.969 --> 01:19:08.714
But it belongs to the state,
to Hydrocarbons Ministry.

01:19:11.724 --> 01:19:16.814
A company appeared
to do a geophysical survey.

01:19:16.974 --> 01:19:19.483
This is in the 80s.

01:19:19.987 --> 01:19:24.488
They said, "gentlemen,
you are inside Block 21,

01:19:25.323 --> 01:19:28.159
“in which there are several communities.

01:19:28.319 --> 01:19:32.663
"A seismic study is going to be done,
in which you are...

01:19:35.082 --> 01:19:38.085
"direct beneficiaries."

01:19:39.420 --> 01:19:41.589
That's the word they used?

01:19:41.749 --> 01:19:46.135
That's the word that is used,
you can't contradict yourself.

01:19:46.295 --> 01:19:52.057
You can't say as a negotiator,
that it doesn't benefit.

01:19:52.850 --> 01:19:55.770
That's the word that has been used.

01:19:56.646 --> 01:19:59.690
When we asked for an explanation

01:19:59.850 --> 01:20:03.944
of what is coming to us
in the future,

01:20:04.487 --> 01:20:07.448
they said, "it's just a
seismic exploration

01:20:07.608 --> 01:20:10.951
"and then we'll know the results."

01:20:12.703 --> 01:20:17.449
The Block 21 started to grow...

01:20:18.959 --> 01:20:21.337
They began to open up more tracks,

01:20:21.497 --> 01:20:23.506
they started to...

01:20:24.340 --> 01:20:27.059
visit the communities...

01:20:27.833 --> 01:20:29.637
and get closer to the Waorani.

01:20:31.263 --> 01:20:35.359
They conquered little by little.

01:20:38.521 --> 01:20:40.314
Here we have Block 21.

01:20:43.275 --> 01:20:45.820
-This is Block 21?
-This is it.

01:20:45.980 --> 01:20:48.406
- Quehueiri-Ono is in this Block?
- That's right.

01:20:48.566 --> 01:20:50.741
- Where?
- It is down here.

01:20:52.743 --> 01:20:54.248
Here is Quehueri-Ono.

01:20:54.408 --> 01:20:57.206
This is the oil field Amazon Rainforest,

01:20:58.115 --> 01:20:59.308
very near.

01:21:00.668 --> 01:21:03.337
- The nearest well to Quehueri-Ono?
- Yes.

01:21:03.921 --> 01:21:07.967
So, it's indisputable
that it's going to arrive.

01:21:08.127 --> 01:21:12.012
It will arrive, we don't know
when, but it will arrive.

01:21:15.182 --> 01:21:17.935
How do you feel
to have worked on that?

01:21:18.095 --> 01:21:20.104
It's hard, because...

01:21:20.521 --> 01:21:25.359
to do a job in the field...
You make a quake.

01:21:26.010 --> 01:21:27.562
That's what I'm talking about.

01:21:29.690 --> 01:21:30.865
In both respects...

01:21:31.007 --> 01:21:33.159
On the one side, it's a hard labour,

01:21:34.118 --> 01:21:35.494
poorly paid,

01:21:36.328 --> 01:21:38.122
and on the other,

01:21:39.055 --> 01:21:41.917
you do an improper job in nature.

01:21:43.544 --> 01:21:49.258
There should be other ways to make it.

01:21:51.135 --> 01:21:56.098
It's not that you come from somewhere else
and then leave.

01:21:56.258 --> 01:22:00.352
You come from right there
and you are working on it.

01:22:00.512 --> 01:22:03.747
You're born and raised there,
you know the people.

01:22:05.149 --> 01:22:07.693
What do you get?

01:22:07.853 --> 01:22:11.138
The little you get from the companies
is the compensation.

01:22:11.647 --> 01:22:13.449
40 dollars per hectare.

01:22:17.578 --> 01:22:19.455
-Thank you, Giovany.
-It's OK.

01:22:32.843 --> 01:22:34.912
Let's put away these maps.

01:22:47.566 --> 01:22:50.027
We have a small...

01:22:50.569 --> 01:22:53.155
A little souvenir of the...

01:22:57.785 --> 01:23:02.081
A little souvenir of the time I was working
in Waorani territory.

01:23:05.751 --> 01:23:08.170
They gave me this, because

01:23:08.330 --> 01:23:12.633
I was one of the first that went there
as a representative of the company.

01:23:15.302 --> 01:23:16.904
That was...

01:23:18.681 --> 01:23:20.641
at a ceremony they made.

01:23:21.767 --> 01:23:23.911
I have fond memories of them.

01:23:26.063 --> 01:23:30.025
I respect them very much,
I admire them very much.

01:23:32.027 --> 01:23:33.487
They gave me this.

01:23:34.655 --> 01:23:39.326
You know it's hard to enter a territory
that you don't know,

01:23:40.286 --> 01:23:43.038
but it was a nice ceremony.

01:23:45.499 --> 01:23:50.004
They gave this to me...
and I keep it...

01:23:50.164 --> 01:23:52.339
I always keep it.

01:24:22.661 --> 01:24:25.706
Every point is an explosion.

01:24:29.960 --> 01:24:31.712
One ever 60 metres.

01:24:36.425 --> 01:24:39.835
With the sole exception of private reserves,

01:24:40.403 --> 01:24:45.142
and luxury hotels that did not accept
the compensation of 40 dollars per hectare,

01:24:47.010 --> 01:24:50.519
the rest of the territory
has been sown with seismic

01:24:50.679 --> 01:24:52.816
in search of new wells.

01:25:00.949 --> 01:25:02.826
One million hectares,

01:25:03.994 --> 01:25:06.997
with a rigorous geometric regularity

01:25:07.539 --> 01:25:11.460
over roads, rivers, mountains
and valleys.

01:25:19.426 --> 01:25:23.055
The Intangible Zone,
in the Yasuni National Park,

01:25:24.098 --> 01:25:26.642
where the Tagaeri and Taromenani live,

01:25:27.726 --> 01:25:32.556
is the only remaining border
on the right bank of the Napo River.

01:26:52.936 --> 01:26:56.899
The value of archived samples is that...

01:26:58.208 --> 01:27:03.480
they may be the only remains
of a destroyed forest.

01:27:04.072 --> 01:27:08.243
If a forest has already
disappeared by human use,

01:27:12.206 --> 01:27:14.500
at least the botanical sample remains.

01:27:14.660 --> 01:27:19.922
So we can know what
existed in a certain place.

01:27:23.133 --> 01:27:27.679
The botanists of Ecuador
are in a race against time.

01:27:29.014 --> 01:27:32.033
To give a name to the
10,000 species of plants

01:27:32.193 --> 01:27:38.524
which are estimated to be still unidentified
in the Ecuadorian Amazon forest

01:27:39.384 --> 01:27:41.685
before that forest disappears.

01:27:43.612 --> 01:27:46.114
For example, this one.

01:27:46.949 --> 01:27:52.655
This plant is a vine
from where we bathed.

01:27:53.531 --> 01:27:56.333
I've looked in the herbarium and

01:27:56.493 --> 01:27:59.753
I didn't find it.
I know its genus...

01:27:59.913 --> 01:28:02.881
It's a Marcgravia,
but there's no epithet.

01:28:03.441 --> 01:28:06.885
It may be a species that
doesn't have a name yet.

01:28:07.045 --> 01:28:08.804
It could be a new species.

01:28:09.146 --> 01:28:12.750
In case it is new,
we have to give it a name.

01:28:12.910 --> 01:28:15.210
But it already has a Waorani name?

01:28:15.919 --> 01:28:19.715
Yes, it has a name, all
the plants have a Waorani name.

01:28:19.875 --> 01:28:25.179
It doesn't have a scientific name,
but they have a name for it.

01:28:52.790 --> 01:28:57.628
Inside of Block 16,
in the Yasuni National Park,

01:28:57.788 --> 01:29:00.923
lived until a few years ago
the oldest informant

01:29:01.083 --> 01:29:03.909
of the ethnobotanical study
of Quehueiri-Ono.

01:29:05.803 --> 01:29:08.347
He was Guenwa Caiga

01:29:08.507 --> 01:29:13.035
and he was over 100 years old
when we met him in 2017.

01:30:17.533 --> 01:30:20.144
Lay down very carefully.

01:30:27.475 --> 01:30:31.471
Lie down on your back,
you can't move your leg.

01:30:52.242 --> 01:30:57.456
-Who are they?
-They came to visit you.

01:30:59.307 --> 01:31:00.417
Good afternoon, sir.

01:31:00.834 --> 01:31:03.562
He was a compadre, I recognise him.

01:31:03.721 --> 01:31:07.674
He comes to see you
because he found out you are still alive.

01:31:07.834 --> 01:31:11.720
I'm waiting for a party.
To say goodbye and die in peace.

01:31:11.880 --> 01:31:18.393
I have pain in my legs, stomach
and heart. I can't stand the pain.

01:31:18.553 --> 01:31:20.104
What does he say?

01:31:20.964 --> 01:31:22.914
Nampa came with me.

01:31:23.440 --> 01:31:26.652
He had known him in Quehueiri-Ono.

01:31:27.444 --> 01:31:29.046
Do you remember Freddy?

01:31:30.312 --> 01:31:36.745
Do you remember that you purified us
with a plant to prevent snake bites

01:31:36.905 --> 01:31:39.965
when I was a child?

01:31:40.125 --> 01:31:44.095
You taught us to climb trees.

01:31:45.155 --> 01:31:51.677
I fell from the tree and was
immobilized for two weeks,

01:31:51.837 --> 01:31:54.080
in Quehueri-Ono.

01:31:55.847 --> 01:32:00.486
I thought you were dead
but I see you are alive.

01:32:00.646 --> 01:32:04.047
Do you remember when we went
collecting plants in Quehueiri-Ono?

01:32:04.207 --> 01:32:08.018
Do you remember when we
collected plants in Quehueiri-Ono?

01:32:09.434 --> 01:32:11.777
Who taught him the name of the plants?

01:32:12.237 --> 01:32:13.520
Ask him.

01:32:14.821 --> 01:32:17.220
When you were a child,

01:32:17.380 --> 01:32:21.850
who taught you the name and use of plants?

01:32:22.010 --> 01:32:23.038
Dad?

01:32:23.198 --> 01:32:27.209
Who taught you the name
and use of plants?

01:32:28.293 --> 01:32:29.878
Before, when you were a child.

01:32:30.038 --> 01:32:32.255
When I was a child...

01:32:32.415 --> 01:32:35.092
I would pick a couple of leaves
of wild garlic...

01:32:35.252 --> 01:32:36.635
...chuncho leaf...

01:32:36.795 --> 01:32:37.928
...laurel leaf...

01:32:38.088 --> 01:32:40.305
...balsam leaf...

01:32:40.465 --> 01:32:42.599
...hen's blood leaf...

01:32:42.759 --> 01:32:46.186
...guarumo leaf...

01:32:46.346 --> 01:32:48.897
...bay leaf...

01:32:49.057 --> 01:32:51.358
...chuncho leaf...

01:32:51.518 --> 01:32:53.652
...chuncho bark...

01:32:53.812 --> 01:32:55.821
...sandalo bark...

01:32:55.981 --> 01:32:57.864
...capirona bark...

01:32:58.024 --> 01:32:59.449
...cedar leaf...

01:32:59.609 --> 01:33:05.580
I learned that way; then I taught others,
and they taught others.

01:33:09.417 --> 01:33:12.779
As the trees fall, their leaves fly
with the force of the fall.

01:33:12.888 --> 01:33:16.258
As the trees fall, their leaves fly
with the force of the fall.

01:33:23.807 --> 01:33:27.269
Once it is sown, the seed
germinates and grows.

01:33:27.444 --> 01:33:30.814
As the trees fall, their leaves fly
with the force of the fall.

01:33:34.359 --> 01:33:38.146
Teach my songs to your children
and the grandchildren that are on the way

01:33:41.533 --> 01:33:44.995
As the trees fall, their leaves fly
with the force of the fall.

01:33:45.155 --> 01:33:47.226
Every time he knocks down a tree,

01:33:48.117 --> 01:33:50.458
he mentions the name

01:33:51.251 --> 01:33:55.046
of every tree that he knocks down.
The song refers to this.

01:33:55.630 --> 01:34:01.511
You have to be strong
for knocking down the tree.

01:34:02.304 --> 01:34:06.224
Some trees are soft
and some are very strong.

01:34:06.558 --> 01:34:10.437
Ask him, if he remembers
those who died

01:34:10.997 --> 01:34:14.274
when they went to the civilization camp

01:34:14.434 --> 01:34:16.109
when they were contacted.

01:34:16.269 --> 01:34:18.862
Does he remember the names?

01:34:19.022 --> 01:34:20.488
In those days when...

01:34:20.648 --> 01:34:25.751
...those who civilized us upriver...

01:34:25.911 --> 01:34:29.664
Do you remember who died?

01:34:30.582 --> 01:34:33.835
The late Eme, he layed down
in the hammock and woke up dead.

01:34:34.044 --> 01:34:38.590
After many years,
his wife died in Toñampari.

01:34:38.750 --> 01:34:41.393
After his death,
Kento also passed away.

01:34:41.553 --> 01:34:43.679
6 people died,
I don't remember the others.

01:34:43.839 --> 01:34:45.639
He doesn't remember?

01:34:45.799 --> 01:34:49.059
- Does he still remember?
- Not very well.

01:34:49.219 --> 01:34:52.187
He remembers, but his memory...

01:34:52.347 --> 01:34:54.356
Ask him.

01:34:54.573 --> 01:34:57.234
Can you ask him if he still remembers?

01:34:57.734 --> 01:34:58.944
Dad?

01:34:59.104 --> 01:35:04.074
When we flew in the aircraft,
who died in Tiweno?

01:35:04.449 --> 01:35:08.636
When we flew in the plane,
who died with the disease?

01:35:09.537 --> 01:35:11.456
The late Eme passed away.

01:35:12.499 --> 01:35:14.709
He was the first man to pass away.

01:35:15.710 --> 01:35:17.462
Then...

01:35:19.256 --> 01:35:21.049
...died...

01:35:24.761 --> 01:35:29.266
Another group of children
with the same disease died.

01:35:29.426 --> 01:35:32.102
A group of children from another community.

01:35:33.019 --> 01:35:34.112
After that,

01:35:34.562 --> 01:35:38.817
we went to live downstream,
then the same thing happened.

01:35:39.109 --> 01:35:42.612
We got word that one
of our group died.

01:35:42.779 --> 01:35:46.992
Also, the person
who was my mother,

01:35:47.152 --> 01:35:51.162
died of the same condition.

01:37:23.088 --> 01:37:25.131
At one point during the interview,

01:37:25.924 --> 01:37:28.899
Nampa told me he couldn't
translate the names

01:37:29.062 --> 01:37:31.930
of all the trees that Guenwa mentioned,

01:37:32.090 --> 01:37:33.923
because he did not know them.

01:37:35.934 --> 01:37:39.854
"He is speaking in Waorani
scientific language", he told me.

01:37:42.482 --> 01:37:45.276
The words that Guenwa pronounced

01:37:45.436 --> 01:37:49.197
designated an experience
that would be extinguished with his death,

01:37:50.490 --> 01:37:53.451
an experience that perhaps only survives

01:37:53.952 --> 01:37:56.579
in the lives of the relatives of Guenwa,

01:37:56.739 --> 01:38:00.867
on the other side of the forest,
the Tagaeri and the Taromenane.

01:38:11.177 --> 01:38:13.596
When I saw the old man,

01:38:13.972 --> 01:38:17.725
I was happy to see him in person.

01:38:18.935 --> 01:38:22.021
After so many years,
I thought that he had already

01:38:22.814 --> 01:38:24.315
passed away.

01:38:27.861 --> 01:38:29.988
The old man had the spirit of...

01:38:31.823 --> 01:38:34.409
when he was younger...
He had the spirit of...

01:38:35.285 --> 01:38:39.164
a snake.
He was like the father of serpents.

01:38:42.959 --> 01:38:45.295
The other, his brother-in-law,

01:38:47.464 --> 01:38:49.299
he handled the spirit of the jaguar.

01:38:50.842 --> 01:38:53.553
They both worked together,

01:38:54.679 --> 01:38:58.057
they were relating with
that kind of spirituality.

01:39:01.811 --> 01:39:04.439
I remember them, because...

01:39:05.899 --> 01:39:07.775
Thanks to them, I was saved.

01:39:08.693 --> 01:39:10.278
I had a fracture,

01:39:10.945 --> 01:39:12.280
in my leg,

01:39:13.239 --> 01:39:17.202
and they almost took me
to the hospital.

01:39:17.362 --> 01:39:20.497
There they would have probably
cut my leg out.

01:39:21.623 --> 01:39:23.249
In that time,

01:39:25.460 --> 01:39:28.963
they prepared the medicines
and gave them to me to take.

01:39:29.839 --> 01:39:32.300
The late Megatube,

01:39:32.460 --> 01:39:36.054
the one who handled
the jaguar spirit...

01:39:37.347 --> 01:39:40.558
He gave me yage straight
from his mouth.

01:39:41.434 --> 01:39:46.932
He passed the yage
directly from his mouth,

01:39:47.000 --> 01:39:49.817
so that I swallowed...

01:39:50.977 --> 01:39:52.278
that liquid.

01:39:53.947 --> 01:39:58.993
They told me that when
I've grown to my age,

01:40:01.287 --> 01:40:02.580
as an adult,

01:40:04.040 --> 01:40:05.658
that I...

01:40:06.334 --> 01:40:08.920
will receive the power,

01:40:09.080 --> 01:40:11.297
Jaguar's spiritual power.

01:40:14.509 --> 01:40:17.512
There are times when I dream...

01:40:19.180 --> 01:40:21.599
that I'm working with that spirituality.

01:40:22.392 --> 01:40:25.603
I'm hoping to get a little older to see if

01:40:26.271 --> 01:40:28.490
that power will come to me.