WEBVTT

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- The National Endowment
for the Humanities,

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bringing your the stories
that define us.

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♪♪

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- 1, 2, 3.
1, 2, 3.

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♪♪

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My name is Maria Moreno.

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I am a mother of 12 children.

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♪♪

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I\'ve been a worker all my life.

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I know how to handle
a man\'s job like a man,

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and I\'m not ashamed to say it.

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I\'m American citizen,
and I\'m talking for justice.

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♪♪

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♪♪

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♪♪

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- The photographs had been
waiting in the dark for decades.

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I found them when I was working
on a film about the farm workers

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and their charismatic leader,
Cesar Chavez.

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There were hundreds of images
of a migrant mother

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full of passion
and determination.

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She was making her way
in a world of men.

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She was speaking her mind,
and they were listening.

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A crusader in rubber boots
and a big skirt.

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I didn\'t know her name
let alone who she was,

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but she seemed to be telling
a story that was different

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from the ones I\'d read
in the history books,

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about forgotten struggles,

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and women working behind
the scenes for social justice.

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Back in the depression,
Dorothea Lange\'s photograph

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of a migrant mother had become
America\'s symbol of suffering.

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But these photographs,
taken a generation later,

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had a different spirit.

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They were bold, provocative.

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Their heroine was
staking a claim.

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Why hadn\'t I ever heard of her?

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-Who is this woman?

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-Maria Moreno, organizer for

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the Agricultural Workers
Organizing Committee.

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Late \'50s, early \'60s.

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I think the first time
that I saw Maria

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was on the shape up
in West Fresno.

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She was an organizer for AWOC.

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I was a part time organizer.

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But I also was mainly
a photographer.

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♪♪

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♪♪

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I decided to document her work
because it was so unusual.

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She had this raft of kids,
and she was taking them around

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to union meetings
and so forth like that.

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I thought, \"Wow, this is
a hell of a story.\"

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♪♪

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I remember all those kids.

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I remember all those kids.

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How many were there
all together, finally?

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I don\'t know, were there 12,
14, something like that.

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I\'m not sure.

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Anyway, it was like,
\"Okay, that\'s the way it is,

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and that\'s the way we live,
and we\'ll just do this thing.\"

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And her husband usually
did the driving

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and she did the sleeping while
we were on the road, right?

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♪♪

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♪♪

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Bakersfield, Delano,
out on the west side.

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♪♪

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She could move a group
of people.

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And she was very good
with the farmworkers,

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but she was especially good

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when we went on the road,
like to UC Berkeley

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and talking to students
and intellectuals.

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She\'d have [chuckles] these
people in tears in five,

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six minutes, right,
telling her story.

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And then one day
she disappeared.

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Pah!

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And I don\'t know what happened.

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- When farm workers travel,
they don\'t leave

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forwarding addresses,
because they don\'t know

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where they\'ll stop
or how long they\'ll stay.

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So trying to find them can lead

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to an endless succession
of crossroads and dead ends.

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The world of farm labor
organizers is a small one,

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one that Gilbert Padilla
knows well.

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♪♪

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-Oooh, this is an old one!

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That\'s Maria.

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I have to put my glasses on.

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She used to wear that hat a lot.

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It\'s like a jungle hat.

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As we all know, you see somebody

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that\'s active
you bring them in, right?

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Anybody that gets
in the meetings

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and starts speaking
and starts bringing up issues,

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you bring them in closer
to the organization.

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That\'s why she got hired,
and she was good.

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I mean, she was a good
advocate for workers.

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She was out there in the fields,

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she was out there
in the meetings.

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♪♪

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- When I went to these
public hearings

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as a spokesperson for AWOC,
I was nervous.

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But Maria Moreno
didn\'t seem to be bothered.

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♪♪

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She, I think, had had no more
than one or two years

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of formal education.

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But she was fearless.

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Here\'s what she said
in a speech in Berkeley...

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\"I am Maria Moreno,
40 years old,

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mother of 12 children.

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Born in Karnes City, Texas.

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Since 1928, I start working
in agricultural work.

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I\'ve been a worker all my life.

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I know how to handle
a man\'s job like a man,

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and I\'m not ashamed to say it.

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I am American citizen,
and I\'m talking for justice.\"

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I always feel like
a Gothic novel up here,

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with a crazy lady in the attic.

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Except in this case,
it\'s a crazy man.

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These are all
reel-to-reel tapes,

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and I have reason to think
that a couple of these

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have Maria Moreno on them.

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Well, let\'s see here.

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They don\'t make these anymore.

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- The subject today is problems
of the farm laborer

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in California.

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We\'re living today in
the richest and most productive

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agricultural state
in the nation.

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Yet there exists in the fertile
interior of the state

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a sprawling rural ghetto,

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which some have called
the longest slum in the world.

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Maria, how long have you been
in California?

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-Since 1940.

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-And you\'ve been doing farmwork?

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-Farmworker all the time.

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I\'ve been working in all
kind of fruits and field.

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-Are you working right now?

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-Yes, I\'m working.

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And two of my married sons
and my husband and I,

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we earned $114.

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- You made a $114 for the day
for the day for the four of you?

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-No, for a week.

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- For a week?
- Yes.

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No, if I had to make $114 a day,

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I don\'t have to worry
about nothing.

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But we don\'t get
that much never.

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- Hearing Maria\'s voice for
the first time is a revelation,

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but it\'s hard to reconcile
the poverty she describes

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with the postwar abundance
that surrounded her.

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At a time when the shelves of
supermarkets were overflowing,

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farm workers were struggling
to feed their own families.

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♪♪

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♪♪

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-Sometimes you work a day,

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sometimes you don\'t
work nothing.

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♪♪

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They forget us.
We don\'t belong, in other words.

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They don\'t treat us any better
than they do dogs.

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♪♪

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- How much were people
making down there?

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- 90 cents an hour.
- How much?

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- 90 cents an hour
- 59 cents a bucket

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first picking.

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♪♪

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- People were so eager
to tell their story.

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They knew they weren\'t
getting a good deal,

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and they were happy
to tell me about it.

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And at that point, I decided,
\"Well, I\'m going to go out

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and see what I can do
to change it.\"

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- Ernie Lowe was a radio producer
and a photographer.

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Like George Ballis, he was part
of a generation of activists

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dedicated to using their work

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to awaken
the conscience of the public.

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-Tell me something about

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what it was like
in El Centro this winter.

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♪♪

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[ Indistinct talking ]

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[ Singing in Spanish ]

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-We don\'t know what...

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[ Laughter ]

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-One and one is two.

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Bluebells, cockleshells.

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♪♪

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♪♪

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- Ernie remembers
interviewing Maria,

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but like everyone else
I\'ve talked to,

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he doesn\'t know
what became of her.

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Sifting through people\'s
memories of Maria

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gives me a feeling
for who she was,

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but it doesn\'t get me
any closer to finding her.

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- Maria Moreno is a very,
very common Latino name,

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so we have a couple of factors.

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We have a very common name.
We don\'t know a middle name.

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We don\'t, of course, know
a social security number.

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We have an age range,
which from what I understand

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with the material
that I\'ve seen so far,

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is actually narrowing it
down to about a two,

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maybe three year period.

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In 1961, Maria announces
that she\'s 40 years old,

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so maybe she was going
to turn 41 in 1961.

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We don\'t know that,
so in other words,

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she would have been born
in 1920 or 1921.

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She says that she was born
in Texas.

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So if we run a search
in the state of Texas

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using these parameters alone,

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that there are 273 listings
for a Maria Moreno

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that would be between
88 and 93 now.

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Unless you have
an awfully long time

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and an awfully big budget,

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that\'s an unworkable
number of records.

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- But scanning through
endless data online,

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I find a promising lead.

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A labor archive in Detroit
lists an activity report

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for Maria Moreno
in their farm worker collection.

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It\'s not much, but it gets me
on a plane to look.

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There are documents
listing meetings,

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telephone messages,
flyers that she handed out,

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but nothing that tells me
what happened to her.

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One week, she\'s on the payroll,

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and the next week,
her name is gone.

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And then finally,
deep in the archives,

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I find audiotapes...

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Dozens of them that nobody has
ever catalogued or listened to.

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Maybe it\'s fate,
or maybe it\'s just luck,

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but I find Maria\'s name
on& one of them.

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♪♪

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-Our next speaker, Maria Moreno.

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- I have a lot of things to say
on agricultural workers,

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the way we work,
the way we suffer.

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Not just me.

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I could show you the places
and show the people

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the way we\'ve been treated.

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We start working real early
in the morning,

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that the children
don\'t have enough sleep,

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not even have enough to eat,
not even clothing.

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We had a tiny little house
14 by 16.

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14 people live in
that little small shack,

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just barren inside,
without nothing inside.

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I\'m talkin\' you the truth,
because truth been hided.

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♪♪

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♪♪

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-[ Speaking Spanish ]

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♪♪

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- Farm workers everywhere listen
to the radio as they work.

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I had hoped there would be
a response to my announcement,

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but no one has come forward.

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♪♪

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-[ Singing in Spanish ]

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♪♪

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- The farm workers today are
generations removed from Maria,

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who worked in these
same orchards many years ago.

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-[ Shouting in Spanish ]

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- Maybe the distance from here
to the past is just too great.

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Searching for Maria

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is like looking for a needle
in a haystack

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or finding this worker singing
deep in the orange grove.

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-[ Whistling ]

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- The song has ended,
and the workers are gone.

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It seems that Maria has
disappeared again into the past.

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And yet maybe she\'ll step out
of history\'s shadow

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if I can piece together
the fragments I\'ve found.

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Just when it seems I\'ve reached
the end of the trail,

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a package arrives
from Maria\'s granddaughter.

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She heard about my search
and tracked me down.

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She writes, \"Thank you
for taking an interest

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in the greatest woman
I\'ve ever known, my grandmother.

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She wrote her own history.

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Only history forgot
to include her.\"

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There are letters and clippings
and an obituary.

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I feel a sense of loss
that I\'ll never meet Maria,

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but I\'m excited
to meet her children.

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I wonder what she was like
as a mother.

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How did she juggle her activism
and family life?

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-This is too much.

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This here is me!

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And I\'m wondering
why was I frowning.

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[ Laughs ]

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- I like this one.
This is so pretty.

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- Isn\'t it?
- Yeah.

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This one.

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- Ooh, that\'s pretty.
- Isn\'t that pretty?

00:19:01.834 --> 00:19:03.998
- I can\'t even tell you
where these were.

00:19:03.999 --> 00:19:05.082
I don\'t remember.

00:19:05.083 --> 00:19:10.998
- I\'m 73 years old,
and I miss my mother still.

00:19:10.999 --> 00:19:13.291
-Oh, Tito.

00:19:13.292 --> 00:19:14.998
Look at how beautiful.

00:19:14.999 --> 00:19:16.666
-We were a very proud family.

00:19:16.667 --> 00:19:18.249
You know, we might
have been poor,

00:19:18.250 --> 00:19:20.998
but we had a lot of \"humph\"

00:19:20.999 --> 00:19:22.833
into everything that we did.

00:19:22.834 --> 00:19:25.791
- Remember that time when
there wasn\'t any food again?

00:19:25.792 --> 00:19:28.998
And we saw that bird
just coming.

00:19:28.999 --> 00:19:29.999
And remember Libby?

00:19:30.000 --> 00:19:34.998
We would tie ourselves
behind that truck.

00:19:34.999 --> 00:19:38.000
[ Laughs ]

00:19:40.584 --> 00:19:40.999
-It\'s okay.

00:19:41.000 --> 00:19:44.998
- We would tie ourselves so
we wouldn\'t fall off the truck.

00:19:44.999 --> 00:19:47.998
And then all of a sudden,
we just saw this bird

00:19:47.999 --> 00:19:50.998
flying out of I don\'t know
where, and all of a sudden,

00:19:50.999 --> 00:19:54.666
he just dropped a rabbit
right in front of the truck.

00:19:54.667 --> 00:19:55.958
-[ Laughs ]

00:19:55.959 --> 00:19:58.875
- And my mom says,
\"There\'s our meal.\"

00:19:58.876 --> 00:20:00.291
Remember?

00:20:00.292 --> 00:20:01.666
Says, \"There\'s our meal.\"

00:20:01.667 --> 00:20:04.998
And I learned how
to skin a rabbit.

00:20:04.999 --> 00:20:08.416
- Seeing the photographs
brings a rush of memories

00:20:08.417 --> 00:20:14.291
and sends Maria\'s children on
their own journey of into past.

00:20:14.292 --> 00:20:18.750
-♪ Going home ♪

00:20:18.751 --> 00:20:23.791
♪ Oh, yes, I\'m going home ♪

00:20:23.792 --> 00:20:31.792
♪ And there is nothing
to hold me here ♪

00:20:33.959 --> 00:20:37.998
♪ I\'ve got a glimpse ♪

00:20:37.999 --> 00:20:43.875
♪ If that heavenly place ♪

00:20:43.876 --> 00:20:46.625
♪ Praise God ♪

00:20:46.626 --> 00:20:53.208
♪ I am going home ♪

00:20:53.209 --> 00:20:54.416
- What a song.
I love that song.

00:20:54.417 --> 00:20:58.249
- I do, too. I love it.
It just brings so many memories.

00:20:58.250 --> 00:20:59.998
-I know.

00:20:59.999 --> 00:21:02.416
We\'ll be going home
one of these days,

00:21:02.417 --> 00:21:03.998
but I hope it\'s not right now,

00:21:03.999 --> 00:21:07.459
because I want
to see the ending to all this.

00:21:10.999 --> 00:21:12.291
- Okay, you looking
for birth records?

00:21:12.292 --> 00:21:14.666
- Yes, we are
- It would be in this book.

00:21:14.667 --> 00:21:16.998
- This one right here?
- Yes, ma\'am.

00:21:16.999 --> 00:21:20.998
And so we can look here.

00:21:20.999 --> 00:21:22.998
- These would be the names
in this side, right?

00:21:22.999 --> 00:21:23.999
-Yes, uh-huh.

00:21:23.999 --> 00:21:24.876
-So it\'s not here.

00:21:24.877 --> 00:21:29.791
- Okay, so let\'s go to the next
page and see what we find.

00:21:29.792 --> 00:21:31.291
-Let me see, Martinez.

00:21:31.292 --> 00:21:34.876
- Look for her
first name, Maria.

00:21:37.999 --> 00:21:38.999
That\'s it.

00:21:38.999 --> 00:21:39.999
- Oh, right here.
There it is.

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.750
Oh, my goodness,
October 22, 1920, yeah.

00:21:44.751 --> 00:21:48.458
Oh, my goodness.
My mom and Aunt Sally.

00:21:48.459 --> 00:21:50.998
Wow, my heart is up here
in my throat.

00:21:50.999 --> 00:21:53.249
Oh, my goodness.

00:21:53.250 --> 00:21:55.999
[ Sniffles ]

00:21:57.834 --> 00:21:59.583
♪♪

00:21:59.584 --> 00:22:05.458
- I heard that my grandmother
came from the Mescalero Apache.

00:22:05.459 --> 00:22:07.583
She was dark complected

00:22:07.584 --> 00:22:10.875
and always wore
a bandanna on her head.

00:22:10.876 --> 00:22:12.999
My grandfather was born
in Mexico.

00:22:13.000 --> 00:22:16.998
He was 13 when he came
to live here in Texas.

00:22:16.999 --> 00:22:21.666
My mother always told us that
when my grandfather

00:22:21.667 --> 00:22:23.166
would go out...
Because he was a minister,

00:22:23.167 --> 00:22:25.998
he was a Baptist minister
my grandfather...

00:22:25.999 --> 00:22:27.998
And she would always go along.

00:22:27.999 --> 00:22:30.791
I think that my mother got it
from my grandfather,

00:22:30.792 --> 00:22:33.998
because my grandfather
could preach up a good storm,

00:22:33.999 --> 00:22:34.999
I mean a good one.

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:37.998
He would preach, and my mother
I think would be singing,

00:22:37.999 --> 00:22:40.998
because that\'s what she did
most her life, she sang.

00:22:40.999 --> 00:22:44.998
- ♪ Que bonito es conocer
a Cristo ♪

00:22:44.999 --> 00:22:52.082
♪ Que bonito es sentirlo
en el alma ♪

00:22:52.083 --> 00:22:56.583
♪ Es un gozo que viene
del cielo ♪

00:22:56.584 --> 00:23:00.458
♪ Una cosa que sé explicarla ♪

00:23:00.459 --> 00:23:05.249
♪ Que alegria siento
en mi alma ♪

00:23:05.250 --> 00:23:09.500
- My mother was about 15
when she got married,

00:23:09.501 --> 00:23:12.374
so she was very young
when she got married.

00:23:12.375 --> 00:23:14.958
My dad was 21.

00:23:14.959 --> 00:23:16.666
We used to have an old car,

00:23:16.667 --> 00:23:19.998
and we would move
from one place to another.

00:23:19.999 --> 00:23:21.998
My mom would pack the car,

00:23:21.999 --> 00:23:25.999
and they would make
something like a bed for us.

00:23:28.083 --> 00:23:31.500
-The road is our home.

00:23:31.501 --> 00:23:34.249
The ground is our table.

00:23:34.250 --> 00:23:37.834
Any place we go,
there\'s our home.

00:23:39.000 --> 00:23:42.998
- I don\'t remember riding
from Texas to California.

00:23:42.999 --> 00:23:43.999
I don\'t remember that.

00:23:44.000 --> 00:23:47.166
But I do remember
when we got to Holtville,

00:23:47.167 --> 00:23:49.998
that\'s when one of the brothers,

00:23:49.999 --> 00:23:54.999
he died at maybe about
3 months old.

00:23:56.042 --> 00:23:59.998
- When my first child was born,
had no doctor,

00:23:59.999 --> 00:24:03.249
was born alone,
me and my husband.

00:24:03.250 --> 00:24:04.583
And I didn\'t know that the woman

00:24:04.584 --> 00:24:07.998
was supposed to go
to the doctor.

00:24:07.999 --> 00:24:12.998
The second child born,
me and my husband alone.

00:24:12.999 --> 00:24:17.998
The third one born,
and the same thing.

00:24:17.999 --> 00:24:22.998
♪♪

00:24:22.999 --> 00:24:25.041
-My mother was a twin.

00:24:25.042 --> 00:24:28.998
Aunt Sally was like
a second mom to us.

00:24:28.999 --> 00:24:32.166
She supported my mother
in many ways.

00:24:32.167 --> 00:24:34.374
She was proud of her.

00:24:34.375 --> 00:24:38.500
If we needed something,
we knew that we could count

00:24:38.501 --> 00:24:43.833
on Aunt Sally
and Uncle Chito, her husband.

00:24:43.834 --> 00:24:46.750
\'Cause we knew...
There were so many of us.

00:24:46.751 --> 00:24:49.041
- You know, our family
was a big family.

00:24:49.042 --> 00:24:52.416
Dad couldn\'t afford by himself.

00:24:52.417 --> 00:24:57.208
So we all got involved
in working.

00:24:57.209 --> 00:25:03.000
I started working in the fields
maybe when I was 5 years old.

00:25:04.000 --> 00:25:08.625
We used to follow the crops
as far as Colorado, Utah,

00:25:08.626 --> 00:25:12.998
then back to California
to start the tomato season.

00:25:12.999 --> 00:25:16.998
When my brothers and my sisters
went to school,

00:25:16.999 --> 00:25:19.416
they actually had to hide
to eat their lunch,

00:25:19.417 --> 00:25:24.041
because everybody ate
at the cafeteria this and that,

00:25:24.042 --> 00:25:26.082
and they came out
with their little burritos.

00:25:26.083 --> 00:25:34.083
And way back then,
people would make fun, you know.

00:25:35.626 --> 00:25:39.458
- This is the way that Maria
and her family got by.

00:25:39.459 --> 00:25:44.875
But what was it that drove her
to fight to change things?

00:25:44.876 --> 00:25:47.041
Ron Taylor is the only person
I\'ve found who

00:25:47.042 --> 00:25:53.584
wrote about Maria, and he was
there when she first spoke out.

00:25:54.792 --> 00:25:56.416
- Well, I used to drive
around the county,

00:25:56.417 --> 00:25:59.249
stopping in little towns
just looking for stories,

00:25:59.250 --> 00:26:00.958
any kind of story.

00:26:00.959 --> 00:26:01.959
And lunchtime comes around,

00:26:01.960 --> 00:26:04.998
and any one of these little
towns has got some place where

00:26:04.999 --> 00:26:06.998
everybody congregates for lunch.

00:26:06.999 --> 00:26:09.458
And this cafe in Woodlake,

00:26:09.459 --> 00:26:11.875
and I sat down
at the counter by myself

00:26:11.876 --> 00:26:13.249
and ordered
a grilled cheese sandwich

00:26:13.250 --> 00:26:15.998
because that\'s about the only
thing they couldn\'t ruin.

00:26:15.999 --> 00:26:19.998
- Gus West, the chief of police,
sat down beside me.

00:26:19.999 --> 00:26:25.416
And we had been friends
in an adversarial kind of way.

00:26:25.417 --> 00:26:26.998
He knew I was out
stirring up trouble,

00:26:26.999 --> 00:26:31.666
and I was convinced
that he was covering stuff up.

00:26:31.667 --> 00:26:36.291
But he mentioned this woman
and her 12 kids going hungry,

00:26:36.292 --> 00:26:39.417
and he didn\'t think
it was right.

00:26:40.999 --> 00:26:44.249
- We lived in Woodlake
when there was rain,

00:26:44.250 --> 00:26:47.166
and rain, and rain,
and rain, and more rain.

00:26:47.167 --> 00:26:49.750
So we didn\'t know
when it was gonna stop.

00:26:49.751 --> 00:26:54.374
When we got out, it was
ankle deep out of the house.

00:26:54.375 --> 00:26:55.998
We couldn\'t take anything.

00:26:55.999 --> 00:26:56.999
Nothing.
Just the car.

00:26:57.000 --> 00:27:01.291
And when we came back,
we couldn\'t even go in there

00:27:01.292 --> 00:27:03.998
because the water
was inside the house.

00:27:03.999 --> 00:27:06.999
Beds, everything was gone.

00:27:07.999 --> 00:27:15.998
Then my mom went to ask,
you know, for help.

00:27:15.999 --> 00:27:18.998
And no one would help.

00:27:18.999 --> 00:27:21.998
-I got a real good witness.

00:27:21.999 --> 00:27:27.166
I guess you people remember last
year that we had a big rain.

00:27:27.167 --> 00:27:29.416
I had a baby a year old,

00:27:29.417 --> 00:27:33.998
feeding him three days
with water and sugar.

00:27:33.999 --> 00:27:35.998
We got nobody to talk with us,

00:27:35.999 --> 00:27:37.998
we don\'t got no place
to earn money,

00:27:37.999 --> 00:27:40.998
we don\'t got no way to get it
when we\'re out of work.

00:27:40.999 --> 00:27:46.999
When this weather come,
we just go hungry.

00:27:47.999 --> 00:27:50.416
-3,000 workers were hungry,

00:27:50.417 --> 00:27:53.583
and the food was sitting
in the warehouse.

00:27:53.584 --> 00:27:57.500
Why? Why don\'t you open the door
and feed these people?

00:27:57.501 --> 00:27:58.501
It\'s against the rules.

00:27:58.502 --> 00:28:02.998
The rules are if you can work,
you can\'t get aid...

00:28:02.999 --> 00:28:05.875
To keep the people
from cheating.

00:28:05.876 --> 00:28:06.501
You son of a bitch.

00:28:06.502 --> 00:28:11.458
I can\'t feed them with food,
but I can write about them,

00:28:11.459 --> 00:28:14.998
and nobody else would write
anything about farm labor.

00:28:14.999 --> 00:28:19.666
♪♪

00:28:19.667 --> 00:28:21.041
- So I got something
that really proves,

00:28:21.042 --> 00:28:24.998
and I want somebody to read it
before I go a little farther

00:28:24.999 --> 00:28:27.998
because I cannot read
very good English.

00:28:27.999 --> 00:28:29.958
- Police Chief Gus West
of Woodlake

00:28:29.959 --> 00:28:32.833
reported a 19-year-old boy
starved himself

00:28:32.834 --> 00:28:35.583
so his 11 brothers
and sisters could eat.

00:28:35.584 --> 00:28:38.750
He collapsed
and had to receive medical aid.

00:28:38.751 --> 00:28:41.998
-That\'s my son, 19 years old.

00:28:41.999 --> 00:28:48.459
After we passing that big
starving, he went plumb blind.

00:28:48.999 --> 00:28:51.998
He was blind for three days,

00:28:51.999 --> 00:28:56.625
and that\'s causing because
he hadn\'t eaten anything.

00:28:56.626 --> 00:28:59.998
After they opened the doors,
I got something to eat.

00:28:59.999 --> 00:29:04.998
We start feeding him
while he get his eyes back.

00:29:04.999 --> 00:29:09.500
♪♪

00:29:09.501 --> 00:29:11.998
- My mom, I guess,
started talking to people.

00:29:11.999 --> 00:29:13.998
Where is the justice
in the United States,

00:29:13.999 --> 00:29:16.291
the richest country
in the world?

00:29:16.292 --> 00:29:19.998
We need help,
and we can\'t get it.

00:29:19.999 --> 00:29:23.374
Maybe that\'s when things
started happening.

00:29:23.375 --> 00:29:28.998
♪♪

00:29:28.999 --> 00:29:31.875
- Maria\'s testimony created
such a stir

00:29:31.876 --> 00:29:34.998
that the welfare agency
reversed its policy

00:29:34.999 --> 00:29:38.999
and offered food assistance
to the farm workers.

00:29:41.834 --> 00:29:43.998
This was Maria\'s first victory,

00:29:43.999 --> 00:29:46.166
and it brought her
to the attention of AWOC,

00:29:46.167 --> 00:29:50.998
the Agricultural Workers
Organizing Committee.

00:29:50.999 --> 00:29:51.999
AWOC was the latest effort

00:29:52.000 --> 00:29:55.374
in a long struggle
to unionize farm workers,

00:29:55.375 --> 00:29:57.791
who\'d been excluded
from the protections won

00:29:57.792 --> 00:30:02.291
by industrial workers
in the 1930s.

00:30:02.292 --> 00:30:04.875
One of the biggest obstacles
to organizing

00:30:04.876 --> 00:30:08.041
had always been the segregation
of camps and crews

00:30:08.042 --> 00:30:11.998
that pitted one ethnic group
against another.

00:30:11.999 --> 00:30:14.998
- We can\'t have a union
of the hillbillies,

00:30:14.999 --> 00:30:16.458
one of them Mexican Americans,

00:30:16.459 --> 00:30:19.998
and one for the Filipinos,
and one for the Negroes.

00:30:19.999 --> 00:30:23.998
They must be all one union.

00:30:23.999 --> 00:30:26.998
- AWOC at the time
was a pioneering thing.

00:30:26.999 --> 00:30:32.458
They hired Filipinos,
they hired Anglos,

00:30:32.459 --> 00:30:36.998
so-called Okies,
African Americans,

00:30:36.999 --> 00:30:39.250
and hired her.

00:30:40.292 --> 00:30:42.500
- Although a handful of
Anglo women had worked

00:30:42.501 --> 00:30:45.291
as professional organizers
in the fields,

00:30:45.292 --> 00:30:48.500
Maria Moreno was the very
first farm worker women

00:30:48.501 --> 00:30:51.999
to be hired
as a union organizer.

00:31:06.876 --> 00:31:09.500
[ Applause ]

00:31:09.501 --> 00:31:11.666
- I believe I was about 13
when my mother

00:31:11.667 --> 00:31:13.998
started to work for the union.

00:31:13.999 --> 00:31:16.625
She would leave to
different meetings.

00:31:16.626 --> 00:31:20.999
And we wondered, \"What are
all these meetings for?\"

00:31:21.626 --> 00:31:26.998
- Sometimes I see the people
that buy delicious apples,

00:31:26.999 --> 00:31:31.208
bananas, all kind of good foods.

00:31:31.209 --> 00:31:34.500
And then I take a look
at my table...

00:31:34.501 --> 00:31:37.459
Beans and potatoes.

00:31:37.876 --> 00:31:44.998
Just imagine, how do you think
that I feel seeing my son blind

00:31:44.999 --> 00:31:47.249
only because we don\'t
got nothing to eat,

00:31:47.250 --> 00:31:52.042
while some other tables are full
and wasting food.

00:31:53.999 --> 00:31:56.416
- We would go to different
places, and sometimes we would

00:31:56.417 --> 00:32:00.291
go with her because
we were kind of curious.

00:32:00.292 --> 00:32:02.998
But the first time
that I understood

00:32:02.999 --> 00:32:05.998
that she was somebody different,
she was doing something

00:32:05.999 --> 00:32:07.998
different was when
she went to Berkeley,

00:32:07.999 --> 00:32:11.291
that I realized who
my mother really was.

00:32:11.292 --> 00:32:13.998
Not just a woman
trying to make things better

00:32:13.999 --> 00:32:18.998
for the agricultural workers,
but for everybody.

00:32:18.999 --> 00:32:23.875
I said, \"Wow, here\'s my mother,
second grade education,

00:32:23.876 --> 00:32:24.626
and she\'s doing this.\"

00:32:24.627 --> 00:32:28.292
It was just like \"Wow.\"
It blew me away.

00:32:28.999 --> 00:32:30.458
-I guess we got rights,

00:32:30.459 --> 00:32:34.750
and it\'s time
to ask for justice.

00:32:34.751 --> 00:32:39.416
And I hope that you
understand the things

00:32:39.417 --> 00:32:40.998
that I\'ve been saying to you.

00:32:40.999 --> 00:32:44.666
- That\'s my mother.
[ Laughs ]

00:32:44.667 --> 00:32:45.998
Oh, my goodness.

00:32:45.999 --> 00:32:50.083
-[ Speaking Spanish ]

00:32:52.209 --> 00:32:58.998
-♪ I can\'t stop loving you ♪

00:32:58.999 --> 00:33:01.998
-♪ I\'ve made up my mind ♪

00:33:01.999 --> 00:33:05.998
- We didn\'t start living
comfortable until after

00:33:05.999 --> 00:33:09.166
she started getting paid
from the union.

00:33:09.167 --> 00:33:10.875
Have plenty on the table.

00:33:10.876 --> 00:33:14.500
When my sisters and my brothers
knew what a good

00:33:14.501 --> 00:33:16.583
pair of shoes was, you know.

00:33:16.584 --> 00:33:21.458
-♪ I can\'t stop wanting you ♪

00:33:21.459 --> 00:33:24.041
- There was this album
that came out, Ray Charles,

00:33:24.042 --> 00:33:25.833
and there was a song
that my mother,

00:33:25.834 --> 00:33:26.998
I don\'t know for some reason
she loved it.

00:33:26.999 --> 00:33:29.833
It was
\"I Can\'t Stop Loving You.\"

00:33:29.834 --> 00:33:32.625
We put on that particular song,
then all of a sudden,

00:33:32.626 --> 00:33:37.416
we saw my mom and dad
waltzing in the living room.

00:33:37.417 --> 00:33:40.208
And I remember that I looked
at my mom and I thought,

00:33:40.209 --> 00:33:42.750
I said, \"That\'s funny
because our church

00:33:42.751 --> 00:33:45.416
doesn\'t allow\"...
Well, our beliefs

00:33:45.417 --> 00:33:47.500
didn\'t allow-for dancing.

00:33:47.501 --> 00:33:50.999
We were all looking like \"Wow.\"

00:33:53.375 --> 00:33:54.375
-♪ The long ago ♪

00:33:54.376 --> 00:33:55.958
-My mother was never alone

00:33:55.959 --> 00:33:58.416
when she started her job
in the union.

00:33:58.417 --> 00:34:01.666
I mean, days would go by,
but I knew that my father

00:34:01.667 --> 00:34:05.583
was with my mom,
and if anything should happen,

00:34:05.584 --> 00:34:08.958
we knew that Dad would be there.

00:34:08.959 --> 00:34:11.998
- She was so excited,
very excited,

00:34:11.999 --> 00:34:15.750
about how she had met
these people,

00:34:15.751 --> 00:34:18.416
how they had treated her.

00:34:18.417 --> 00:34:20.458
I knew when she was gonna go
to Washington.

00:34:20.459 --> 00:34:25.666
I knew when she was gonna go to
St. Louis, Missouri, also.

00:34:25.667 --> 00:34:27.791
And I told her, \"You better
put a diaper on

00:34:27.792 --> 00:34:28.751
because you don\'t know,

00:34:28.752 --> 00:34:31.082
you\'ve never been
on a plane before.\"

00:34:31.083 --> 00:34:34.999
And she was very scared
to go on the plane.

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:40.041
♪♪

00:34:40.042 --> 00:34:43.791
- With Maria and the other
organizers making AWOC\'s case

00:34:43.792 --> 00:34:47.998
to the public, the fledgling
union was winning strikes

00:34:47.999 --> 00:34:49.666
and raising wages.

00:34:49.667 --> 00:34:51.999
But trouble was brewing
in the fields.

00:34:52.000 --> 00:34:54.998
This innocent looking notice
of a film screening

00:34:54.999 --> 00:34:58.500
was going to create
a major crisis for AWOC,

00:34:58.501 --> 00:35:03.042
and Maria would be
at the center of the storm.

00:35:04.375 --> 00:35:08.998
- How would you like to live here
and pay $26 dollars a month?

00:35:08.999 --> 00:35:11.291
- A decade earlier,
Hollywood unions had made

00:35:11.292 --> 00:35:15.166
a documentary to support
a strike at DiGiorgio Farms,

00:35:15.167 --> 00:35:18.583
the biggest agricultural company
in the nation.

00:35:18.584 --> 00:35:20.875
- We haven\'t a chance
as individuals,

00:35:20.876 --> 00:35:22.998
but in organization,
we\'ll have strength.

00:35:22.999 --> 00:35:26.666
- DiGiorgio sued for libel,
and the filmmakers were forced

00:35:26.667 --> 00:35:29.998
to destroy
all copies of the movie.

00:35:29.999 --> 00:35:32.291
But one copy survived.

00:35:32.292 --> 00:35:36.998
- In 1960, AWOC organizers
stumbled across

00:35:36.999 --> 00:35:37.999
a copy of the film,

00:35:38.000 --> 00:35:40.998
and they thought,
\"Oh, great, this is perfect.\"

00:35:40.999 --> 00:35:42.998
All the same issues
are still in place here,

00:35:42.999 --> 00:35:44.998
all of those kinds
of conditions,

00:35:44.999 --> 00:35:46.249
faced by farmworkers.

00:35:46.250 --> 00:35:49.833
We could use this film
in our organizing.\"

00:35:49.834 --> 00:35:53.998
- On May 12, 1960,
Maria Moreno spoke

00:35:53.999 --> 00:35:55.208
at a screening of the film.

00:35:55.209 --> 00:35:58.666
In the audience was a spy
for DiGiorgio.

00:35:58.667 --> 00:36:00.998
The company sued for libel
a second time,

00:36:00.999 --> 00:36:03.249
and Maria was one
of the defendants.

00:36:03.250 --> 00:36:06.998
It was the first of several
lawsuits against AWOC

00:36:06.999 --> 00:36:07.999
and its sponsor.

00:36:08.000 --> 00:36:09.998
George Meany, the President
of the AFL-CIO,

00:36:09.999 --> 00:36:14.875
was never happy about
funding farm worker organizing.

00:36:14.876 --> 00:36:19.998
And when these various legal
setbacks began mounting up,

00:36:19.999 --> 00:36:20.999
that combined with the fact

00:36:21.000 --> 00:36:23.998
that they hadn\'t really
organized enough people

00:36:23.999 --> 00:36:26.750
to bring in the dues
that would make it worthwhile,

00:36:26.751 --> 00:36:29.998
gave Meany the excuse
to pull the plug on the project.

00:36:29.999 --> 00:36:34.458
- AWOC members met to forge
a strategy to save their union.

00:36:34.459 --> 00:36:37.416
Henry Anderson and Ernie Lowe
were there,

00:36:37.417 --> 00:36:41.374
and their memories of
the conference are still vivid.

00:36:41.375 --> 00:36:43.166
-I was at KPFA at that point.

00:36:43.167 --> 00:36:45.249
And when I heard
about the conference,

00:36:45.250 --> 00:36:47.998
I was very excited
because it sounded like

00:36:47.999 --> 00:36:48.999
a really new approach.

00:36:49.000 --> 00:36:52.998
So I got clearance to record
the conference.

00:36:52.999 --> 00:36:55.958
Didn\'t have a fancy piece
of equipment like this.

00:36:55.959 --> 00:37:00.458
It was a primitive
old Radio Shack recorder.

00:37:00.459 --> 00:37:05.999
- It\'s been quite a while.
- Quite a while.

00:37:09.584 --> 00:37:10.375
-Now I have heard remarks

00:37:10.376 --> 00:37:15.998
that you\'ve had the rug
pulled out from under you.

00:37:15.999 --> 00:37:18.998
Well, since when did
the agricultural workers

00:37:18.999 --> 00:37:20.666
ever have a rug?

00:37:20.667 --> 00:37:21.999
[ Laughter ]

00:37:22.000 --> 00:37:26.082
- Right to start with, I\'m gonna
make you a flat statement.

00:37:26.083 --> 00:37:29.416
If the AFL-CIO
quits this organization,

00:37:29.417 --> 00:37:32.998
this local here
is going to be a union.

00:37:32.999 --> 00:37:35.458
I\'m not lying a bit.

00:37:35.459 --> 00:37:35.999
Sister Maria?

00:37:36.000 --> 00:37:38.998
- In order we had a good
interpret this morning,

00:37:38.999 --> 00:37:41.999
I\'m gonna talk in
my own language.

00:37:52.834 --> 00:37:56.998
- So, if we are going to have
an organization,

00:37:56.999 --> 00:38:01.999
we have to suffer
some hardships.

00:38:11.000 --> 00:38:14.416
- In the past, we fought
each other too much.

00:38:14.417 --> 00:38:16.082
We didn\'t know how to get along
with each other.

00:38:16.083 --> 00:38:17.500
If we didn\'t like a fellow,

00:38:17.501 --> 00:38:19.791
we just turned our backs
on him and walked away.

00:38:19.792 --> 00:38:20.250
We got over that.

00:38:20.251 --> 00:38:21.958
We\'ll fight like cats and dogs
in a meeting,

00:38:21.959 --> 00:38:24.041
but when we walk out of that
meeting, we\'re still friends

00:38:24.042 --> 00:38:26.999
and can get along with that man.

00:38:38.999 --> 00:38:40.998
-Hold it just a second.

00:38:40.999 --> 00:38:41.626
-[ Laughs ]

00:38:41.627 --> 00:38:45.998
- I made a mistake.
I left out one resolution.

00:38:45.999 --> 00:38:50.082
- We here at the Agricultural
Workers Organizing Conference

00:38:50.083 --> 00:38:52.998
are of different
races and religions.

00:38:52.999 --> 00:38:55.998
We have many members
who are also Mexicans.

00:38:55.999 --> 00:38:59.208
Some of us here have
families in Mexico.

00:38:59.209 --> 00:39:01.833
We are working
for a democratic union.

00:39:01.834 --> 00:39:05.833
We believe in a union
of farmworkers, by farmworkers,

00:39:05.834 --> 00:39:08.417
and for farmworkers.

00:39:08.999 --> 00:39:11.959
- All in favor
raise your right hand.

00:39:13.292 --> 00:39:14.998
All opposed?

00:39:14.999 --> 00:39:17.041
[ Applause ]

00:39:17.042 --> 00:39:22.374
♪♪

00:39:22.375 --> 00:39:25.998
- Somebody made the motion
that we elect delegates

00:39:25.999 --> 00:39:28.750
to the national
AFL-CIO convention,

00:39:28.751 --> 00:39:32.833
which was going to take place
in Miami Beach.

00:39:32.834 --> 00:39:34.166
Our delegates
would be instructed

00:39:34.167 --> 00:39:36.998
to try to restore support
for AWOC.

00:39:36.999 --> 00:39:39.998
And that\'s where Maria Moreno
was elected

00:39:39.999 --> 00:39:41.998
to head this delegation.

00:39:41.999 --> 00:39:45.042
[ Applause ]

00:39:45.792 --> 00:39:47.208
-The convention\'s main speaker

00:39:47.209 --> 00:39:49.998
was the President of
the United States,

00:39:49.999 --> 00:39:52.626
John F. Kennedy.

00:39:54.375 --> 00:39:56.998
- One of the great qualities
about the United States,

00:39:56.999 --> 00:39:58.666
which I don\'t think
people realize

00:39:58.667 --> 00:40:00.998
who are not in
the labor movement,

00:40:00.999 --> 00:40:02.249
is what a great asset
for freedom

00:40:02.250 --> 00:40:04.998
the American labor
movement represents.

00:40:04.999 --> 00:40:09.791
- That is why the labor hater
and labor baiter

00:40:09.792 --> 00:40:13.999
is virtually always
a twin-headed creature.

00:40:14.000 --> 00:40:20.833
- We could save a great many
more people than we do,

00:40:20.834 --> 00:40:26.791
if there was more understanding
and less fear.

00:40:26.792 --> 00:40:27.998
-There are millions and millions

00:40:27.999 --> 00:40:33.833
and millions of unorganized
workers in America

00:40:33.834 --> 00:40:35.583
who need the protection

00:40:35.584 --> 00:40:39.998
that only a trade union
can provide them.

00:40:39.999 --> 00:40:43.374
- Don\'t you think that our
children have their stomachs

00:40:43.375 --> 00:40:47.998
full like the rest of you people
that has a union

00:40:47.999 --> 00:40:48.999
or had decent wages.

00:40:49.000 --> 00:40:52.998
We don\'t.
I hope that you people help us.

00:40:52.999 --> 00:40:55.998
Brothers, I\'m very glad to be
here tonight with you people.

00:40:55.999 --> 00:40:57.998
Thank you for your kindness.

00:40:57.999 --> 00:41:00.958
[ Applause ]

00:41:00.959 --> 00:41:02.791
♪♪

00:41:02.792 --> 00:41:05.291
- She was such
an effective spokesperson

00:41:05.292 --> 00:41:06.999
at this national
convention that,

00:41:07.000 --> 00:41:11.374
in fact, support for AWOC
was restored.

00:41:11.375 --> 00:41:19.375
The aftermath was a complete
restructuring of the AWOC

00:41:19.459 --> 00:41:21.374
as an organization.

00:41:21.375 --> 00:41:25.082
A fellow named Al Green
was brought in,

00:41:25.083 --> 00:41:28.998
who was an old labor hack.

00:41:28.999 --> 00:41:33.666
- What Green wanted was
for the workers to come to him,

00:41:33.667 --> 00:41:35.998
and then he would go to
the growers and say,

00:41:35.999 --> 00:41:39.166
\"Give us a dollar and a quarter
an hour, or we\'ll strike you.\"

00:41:39.167 --> 00:41:41.998
Maria Moreno and her people
would just go out

00:41:41.999 --> 00:41:43.416
and throw a picket line up
and say,

00:41:43.417 --> 00:41:45.998
\"We\'ll go away
after you give us a raise.\"

00:41:45.999 --> 00:41:51.998
She was a pain in the ass,
but I say that in a nice way.

00:41:51.999 --> 00:41:55.998
She was aggressive,
and she would not back off.

00:41:55.999 --> 00:41:58.998
- She wasn\'t afraid to say
whatever she had to say,

00:41:58.999 --> 00:42:05.249
whether it was a politician
or a worker or whatever.

00:42:05.250 --> 00:42:09.041
And I assume that\'s why
they got rid of her.

00:42:09.042 --> 00:42:11.998
- There seems to have been
a report picked up

00:42:11.999 --> 00:42:18.998
in some quarters that Maria
had been fudging

00:42:18.999 --> 00:42:21.208
on her expense accounts,

00:42:21.209 --> 00:42:23.291
and I don\'t believe
a word of it.

00:42:23.292 --> 00:42:27.291
She was an utterly
honest person.

00:42:27.292 --> 00:42:30.998
I myself had been fired
by Al Green,

00:42:30.999 --> 00:42:34.998
and there were a lot
who resigned.

00:42:34.999 --> 00:42:38.998
And in the case of Maria...

00:42:38.999 --> 00:42:39.751
[ Exhales deeply]

00:42:39.752 --> 00:42:43.791
my explanation would be that
Green had to find

00:42:43.792 --> 00:42:48.249
some rationale for
letting her go,

00:42:48.250 --> 00:42:51.999
and that was a convenient one.

00:42:53.250 --> 00:42:55.875
-Under Al Green\'s iron rule,

00:42:55.876 --> 00:42:59.208
AWOC\'s organizing
drive collapsed,

00:42:59.209 --> 00:43:02.998
and with it died the dream
of a democratic union

00:43:02.999 --> 00:43:05.042
for farm workers.

00:43:08.876 --> 00:43:10.998
The same year that Maria
left AWOC,

00:43:10.999 --> 00:43:14.998
Cesar Chavez, Gilbert Padilla,
and Dolores Huerta

00:43:14.999 --> 00:43:16.416
launched a new farm
worker organization

00:43:16.417 --> 00:43:20.998
that would eventually become
the United Farm Workers.

00:43:20.999 --> 00:43:21.876
Wouldn\'t they have recruited

00:43:21.877 --> 00:43:25.833
a charismatic organizer
like Maria?

00:43:25.834 --> 00:43:27.166
But in a letter to a colleague,

00:43:27.167 --> 00:43:29.998
Chavez said that
their paths had crossed

00:43:29.999 --> 00:43:33.292
and that he considered
Maria a rival.

00:43:34.584 --> 00:43:37.583
- She just said goodbye
to the AWOC, and she said,

00:43:37.584 --> 00:43:41.998
\"I\'m going to start
doing what is my vocation,

00:43:41.999 --> 00:43:42.999
what I should be doing.\"

00:43:43.000 --> 00:43:44.416
Which would be the same thing,
you know,

00:43:44.417 --> 00:43:49.458
only in a different way,
because she still helped people.

00:43:49.459 --> 00:43:55.041
She still advocated
for the people

00:43:55.042 --> 00:43:57.208
in everything that she could.

00:43:57.209 --> 00:44:03.416
♪♪

00:44:03.417 --> 00:44:04.666
- In the middle of the night,
she left.

00:44:04.667 --> 00:44:08.998
She took the youngest,
which was Tito, Eva, Yolanda,

00:44:08.999 --> 00:44:12.583
Libby, and Alex with her.

00:44:12.584 --> 00:44:14.625
And she put a letter
under our door.

00:44:14.626 --> 00:44:17.999
Like, she had left us,
you know, wow.

00:44:18.999 --> 00:44:22.666
- I remember her putting us
in a little Falcon,

00:44:22.667 --> 00:44:24.082
and blankets in the back,

00:44:24.083 --> 00:44:29.998
and we fell asleep,
but looking up at the stars.

00:44:29.999 --> 00:44:34.998
♪♪

00:44:34.999 --> 00:44:39.249
♪♪

00:44:39.250 --> 00:44:42.583
When I woke up, we were
in the middle of the desert.

00:44:42.584 --> 00:44:43.998
Like nothing.

00:44:43.999 --> 00:44:48.998
I mean absolutely nothing.

00:44:48.999 --> 00:44:51.208
♪♪

00:44:51.209 --> 00:44:56.998
But God is so good
that he lead her to this place

00:44:56.999 --> 00:45:01.583
where there was
a huge tank of water.

00:45:01.584 --> 00:45:03.167
And she says...

00:45:09.292 --> 00:45:12.666
♪♪

00:45:12.667 --> 00:45:16.998
Every morning,
Mom would leave with her Bible.

00:45:16.999 --> 00:45:23.999
She would go consult God
and see what he wanted from her.

00:45:27.375 --> 00:45:31.998
She would draw a huge circle
and tell us,

00:45:31.999 --> 00:45:33.833
\"You stay in this circle,

00:45:33.834 --> 00:45:38.626
and as long as you are here,
nothing can harm you.\"

00:45:40.209 --> 00:45:47.249
- When everything goes out,
the only hope we have is God.

00:45:47.250 --> 00:45:50.998
Whenever we\'re lonesome,
we pray.

00:45:50.999 --> 00:45:53.998
Whenever we don\'t have
nothing, we sing.

00:45:53.999 --> 00:45:57.041
We get together,
and we start singing a song,

00:45:57.042 --> 00:46:00.998
\"Everywhere I Go is My Home.\"

00:46:00.999 --> 00:46:02.958
♪♪

00:46:02.959 --> 00:46:08.458
[ Singing in Spanish ]

00:46:08.459 --> 00:46:14.249
♪♪

00:46:14.250 --> 00:46:19.998
♪♪

00:46:19.999 --> 00:46:21.998
-My dad couldn\'t leave his job.

00:46:21.999 --> 00:46:23.500
Somebody had to support us.

00:46:23.501 --> 00:46:27.998
So he stayed behind
with the older kids

00:46:27.999 --> 00:46:29.998
because they were working.

00:46:29.999 --> 00:46:31.998
But later on, you know,
he had to.

00:46:31.999 --> 00:46:35.416
He had to follow because
that was also his vocation.

00:46:35.417 --> 00:46:38.998
- Eventually we ended up
over there with her,

00:46:38.999 --> 00:46:39.584
because, you know.

00:46:39.585 --> 00:46:40.958
First of all,
because we missed Mom

00:46:40.959 --> 00:46:45.167
and because...
Well, we just missed her.

00:46:45.876 --> 00:46:49.249
- And then later on,
people started coming.

00:46:49.250 --> 00:46:53.999
They would cross the border,
cross the desert,

00:46:54.000 --> 00:46:56.833
asking and looking for work.

00:46:56.834 --> 00:46:59.500
And then they didn\'t have
a place to stay,

00:46:59.501 --> 00:47:04.833
so mother would bring them
to our home.

00:47:04.834 --> 00:47:06.166
And she let them know,

00:47:06.167 --> 00:47:09.998
\"Hey, I am a Christian woman,
I believe in God.

00:47:09.999 --> 00:47:12.500
So we have a time for worship,

00:47:12.501 --> 00:47:15.998
so I would like
for you to join us.\"

00:47:15.999 --> 00:47:19.998
[ Singing in Spanish ]

00:47:19.999 --> 00:47:21.999
- This is the original
infrastructure.

00:47:22.000 --> 00:47:23.000
- Yeah, uh-huh.
- To the camp.

00:47:23.001 --> 00:47:26.666
- And this one, too.
- And this one right here.

00:47:26.667 --> 00:47:28.958
Look at the house, Chubby.
- Yeah.

00:47:28.959 --> 00:47:30.416
-We actually built that house.

00:47:30.417 --> 00:47:31.998
- With Daddy.
- I can\'t believe it.

00:47:31.999 --> 00:47:35.208
- This is really pretty.
I like this one.

00:47:35.209 --> 00:47:39.041
- Oh, Martie, these pictures
go back a long time.

00:47:39.042 --> 00:47:40.750
- Here\'s where we started
the altar,

00:47:40.751 --> 00:47:42.998
with what, four little stones.
- Four.

00:47:42.999 --> 00:47:47.500
- We learned to defend ourselves
with prayer.

00:47:47.501 --> 00:47:49.208
- So true.
- Prayer.

00:47:49.209 --> 00:47:51.500
- She would say, \"There\'s
nobody\'s going to help you

00:47:51.501 --> 00:47:52.833
on this earth without God.

00:47:52.834 --> 00:47:55.291
You need Him in your life.\"
That was Mom.

00:47:55.292 --> 00:47:56.998
Martie, every time
I see these pictures,

00:47:56.999 --> 00:47:59.833
I don\'t know,
something quivers within me.

00:47:59.834 --> 00:48:00.998
-Yeah.

00:48:00.999 --> 00:48:05.998
♪♪

00:48:05.999 --> 00:48:08.998
- For over a decade, the family
lived in the desert

00:48:08.999 --> 00:48:14.000
while Maria pursued her calling
as a Pentecostal minister.

00:48:14.999 --> 00:48:16.998
It was a return to her roots.

00:48:16.999 --> 00:48:18.416
Her father had been a preacher,

00:48:18.417 --> 00:48:21.998
and she was following
in his footsteps.

00:48:21.999 --> 00:48:23.998
Then she moved her family
to the border,

00:48:23.999 --> 00:48:26.999
where she felt
she could do the most good.

00:48:27.000 --> 00:48:31.041
She called her ministry
Pregoneros de Justicia,

00:48:31.042 --> 00:48:34.082
Cryers for Justice.

00:48:34.083 --> 00:48:35.998
- Oh my God, I saw this
truck coming down,

00:48:35.999 --> 00:48:38.875
and I just thought
it was the Mexican Hillbillies.

00:48:38.876 --> 00:48:40.998
And they came in
an old, old truck,

00:48:40.999 --> 00:48:47.250
and they had tires piled up on
top of the truck and everything.

00:48:48.417 --> 00:48:52.998
They would stop along the road
and either pick tomatoes,

00:48:52.999 --> 00:48:54.583
onions, whatever they could,

00:48:54.584 --> 00:48:57.249
you know,
to make a dollar here or there.

00:48:57.250 --> 00:49:01.998
Her ministry took her all over,
from San Jose, California,

00:49:01.999 --> 00:49:06.082
all the way deep into Mexico.

00:49:06.083 --> 00:49:08.374
They would go from town to town.

00:49:08.375 --> 00:49:12.082
It was like
the Church of the Four Winds

00:49:12.083 --> 00:49:16.500
because there was no walls,
just chairs.

00:49:16.501 --> 00:49:18.998
-[ Singing in Spanish ]

00:49:18.999 --> 00:49:24.249
♪♪

00:49:24.250 --> 00:49:28.998
♪♪

00:49:28.999 --> 00:49:32.374
- As the years went by,
we built a mission.

00:49:32.375 --> 00:49:36.458
From there, we would
distribute clothes and food

00:49:36.459 --> 00:49:38.249
that people would give us.

00:49:38.250 --> 00:49:40.998
So if you go across
San Luis, Arizona,

00:49:40.999 --> 00:49:41.999
across San Luis, Mexico,

00:49:42.000 --> 00:49:44.998
there\'s very few people
that don\'t know about my mother

00:49:44.999 --> 00:49:48.249
because she touched
a lot of hearts.

00:49:48.250 --> 00:49:50.998
- She used to tell me,
\"Tienes fé hija?\"

00:49:50.999 --> 00:49:51.667
You have faith?

00:49:51.668 --> 00:49:54.500
\"Come on with me,\" she goes,
\"Cause I have to be

00:49:54.501 --> 00:49:57.998
at this church service tonight.\"

00:49:57.999 --> 00:49:59.998
And I would go with her,
you know,

00:49:59.999 --> 00:50:02.583
with my baby
strapped on my back.

00:50:02.584 --> 00:50:04.750
And we would stand
on the freeway, and she goes,

00:50:04.751 --> 00:50:07.750
\"Ahora sí hija, levanta el dedo.
Boom. Ese carro.\"

00:50:07.751 --> 00:50:10.998
She knew that car
is gonna pick us up.

00:50:10.999 --> 00:50:13.750
\"Ese carro nos va a levanter,
alza el dedo.\"

00:50:13.751 --> 00:50:16.958
And I\'d go like that,
and boom, sure enough.

00:50:16.959 --> 00:50:19.998
We\'d get a ride all the way
to the border, get off.

00:50:19.999 --> 00:50:21.249
And as soon as we would get off,

00:50:21.250 --> 00:50:23.999
it seemed like
somebody was waiting for us.

00:50:24.000 --> 00:50:26.958
-[ Singing in Spanish ]

00:50:26.959 --> 00:50:34.959
♪♪

00:50:34.999 --> 00:50:42.999
♪♪

00:50:43.584 --> 00:50:50.998
♪♪

00:50:50.999 --> 00:50:56.666
- My mother, when she found out
that she had breast cancer,

00:50:56.667 --> 00:50:57.998
that didn\'t stop her.

00:50:57.999 --> 00:51:01.249
-[ Singing in Spanish ]

00:51:01.250 --> 00:51:07.998
♪♪

00:51:07.999 --> 00:51:13.998
♪♪

00:51:13.999 --> 00:51:16.998
[ Singing in Spanish ]

00:51:16.999 --> 00:51:24.998
♪♪

00:51:24.999 --> 00:51:32.458
♪♪

00:51:32.459 --> 00:51:37.998
- She had started a mission
a few months behind, back.

00:51:37.999 --> 00:51:42.998
She had started a mission with
another brother, another pastor.

00:51:42.999 --> 00:51:45.666
And she\'d always say,
\"Cuando me levante de aquí\"...

00:51:45.667 --> 00:51:48.500
When I get up from this bed
I\'m going to finish this,

00:51:48.501 --> 00:51:49.958
I\'m going to do this.

00:51:49.959 --> 00:51:54.999
Of course she never did,
but she knew that we would.

00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:58.583
-My mom was a unique person.

00:51:58.584 --> 00:52:03.791
And, uh, no one can top her.

00:52:03.792 --> 00:52:06.583
One day, they asked me
to go speak,

00:52:06.584 --> 00:52:09.625
and I told the congregation,
I says,

00:52:09.626 --> 00:52:13.958
\"You\'re gonna hear me speak.

00:52:13.959 --> 00:52:17.291
Maria Moreno is no longer here.

00:52:17.292 --> 00:52:19.999
You all knew how she spoke,

00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:22.208
how did she carry herself,\"
I says.

00:52:22.209 --> 00:52:25.998
\"But her shoes are still
too big for me.\"

00:52:25.999 --> 00:52:29.998
So, and then this man
told me, he says,

00:52:29.999 --> 00:52:33.208
after I spoke and all that,
he came and gave me a hug.

00:52:33.209 --> 00:52:36.833
He says, \"Don\'t worry about
your mother\'s shoes.\"

00:52:36.834 --> 00:52:39.584
He says,
\"You\'ll make your own.\"

00:52:41.667 --> 00:52:43.998
♪♪

00:52:43.999 --> 00:52:47.625
- There\'s one more step
on the journey.

00:52:47.626 --> 00:52:50.998
The family travels hundreds
of miles from Texas,

00:52:50.999 --> 00:52:53.291
Arizona, and California.

00:52:53.292 --> 00:52:55.041
- And the house
was right about here.

00:52:55.042 --> 00:52:57.998
- Yep.
- \'Cause the water pump

00:52:57.999 --> 00:52:58.999
was right there.

00:52:59.000 --> 00:53:00.998
- They\'re returning to their
desert home

00:53:00.999 --> 00:53:05.998
for the first time in 40 years.

00:53:05.999 --> 00:53:08.750
- There\'s nothing that shows.
- Nothing.

00:53:08.751 --> 00:53:09.998
-[ Speaking Spanish ]

00:53:09.999 --> 00:53:14.750
- I don\'t want to break my neck.
I\'m not gonna...

00:53:14.751 --> 00:53:16.166
-Run to the tank!

00:53:16.167 --> 00:53:17.998
Somebody\'s coming.

00:53:17.999 --> 00:53:19.166
-Somebody\'s coming.

00:53:19.167 --> 00:53:22.458
- I\'m trying to look for
some handprints, initials.

00:53:22.459 --> 00:53:24.208
I don\'t see nothin\' here.
- Here, let me try.

00:53:24.209 --> 00:53:24.999
-No, Libby.

00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:26.998
- I trying to look for some...
- Can you make it?

00:53:26.999 --> 00:53:30.166
- Yeah, I can make it.
- You\'re gonna break that thing.

00:53:30.167 --> 00:53:31.998
-There should be water in there.

00:53:31.999 --> 00:53:33.082
Remember when Joe used
to get in there,

00:53:33.083 --> 00:53:35.998
one time he got in there
and started to clean it?

00:53:35.999 --> 00:53:38.583
- You\'re not going to be
able to make that.

00:53:38.584 --> 00:53:40.249
-Yes, I am.

00:53:40.250 --> 00:53:41.998
-By doggone it, yes, I will.

00:53:41.999 --> 00:53:44.998
- But you\'re not gonna to be
able to get into the top.

00:53:44.999 --> 00:53:48.999
I\'m not gonna try it.
- Libby, be careful.

00:53:49.167 --> 00:53:51.082
-Go ahead. I got you.

00:53:51.083 --> 00:53:54.166
- Ah, Libia.
- I made it.

00:53:54.167 --> 00:53:55.998
-Hold her by the pants.

00:53:55.999 --> 00:53:58.500
Got it?
- It\'s got water.

00:53:58.501 --> 00:53:58.999
-Well, duh.

00:53:59.000 --> 00:54:01.041
- You don\'t want to go up there
any further?

00:54:01.042 --> 00:54:03.999
-No, let her get down.

00:54:05.999 --> 00:54:07.249
-I think this is a...

00:54:07.250 --> 00:54:08.998
-[ Speaking Spanish ]

00:54:08.999 --> 00:54:12.083
- Yeah, right here.
- All the way over here.

00:55:12.083 --> 00:55:15.751
-Oh, Mama.

00:55:22.999 --> 00:55:25.792
[ Sighs ]

00:55:31.999 --> 00:55:32.999
-I know.

00:55:33.000 --> 00:55:34.291
[ Speaking Spanish ]

00:55:34.292 --> 00:55:36.583
- Are we gonna make
another fire here?

00:55:36.584 --> 00:55:37.999
You\'d better close the door.

00:55:38.000 --> 00:55:41.666
-[ Speaking Spanish ]

00:55:41.667 --> 00:55:44.666
- Okay, this is the last time
we\'ll come back, I guess.

00:55:44.667 --> 00:55:47.374
You better
make sure it\'s locked.

00:55:47.375 --> 00:55:50.750
♪♪

00:55:50.751 --> 00:55:52.500
Well, I\'m going to sit down.

00:55:52.501 --> 00:55:55.998
- Before you fall.
- No, not yet.

00:55:55.999 --> 00:56:03.999
♪♪

00:56:04.167 --> 00:56:12.167
♪♪

00:56:12.292 --> 00:56:17.998
[ Singing in Spanish ]

00:56:17.999 --> 00:56:25.999
♪♪

00:56:26.999 --> 00:56:34.999
♪♪

00:56:35.999 --> 00:56:43.999
♪♪

00:56:44.999 --> 00:56:52.999
♪♪

00:56:53.999 --> 00:57:01.999
♪♪

00:57:02.999 --> 00:57:10.999
♪♪

00:57:11.999 --> 00:57:19.999
♪♪

00:57:20.999 --> 00:57:28.999
♪♪

00:57:29.999 --> 00:57:37.999
♪♪

00:57:38.999 --> 00:57:46.999
♪♪

00:57:47.999 --> 00:57:55.999
♪♪