Docuseek | Manzanar, Diverted: When Water Becomes Dust

An inspired and poetic portrait of a place and its people, MANZANAR, DIVERTED: WHEN WATER BECOMES DUST follows intergenerational women from three communities who defend their land, their history and their culture from the insatiable thirst of Los Angeles. In this fresh retelling of the LA water story, Native Americans, Japanese-American WWII incarcerees and environmentalists form an unexpected alliance to preserve Payahuunadü (Owens Valley), “the land of flowing water.” Featuring breathtaking photography and immersive soundscapes, the film recounts more than 150 years of history, showing how this distant valley is inextricably tied to the city of Los Angeles. It reveals the forced removals of two peoples--the Nüümü (Paiute) and the Newe (Shoshone) who were marched out of the Valley in the 1860s by the US Army and the Japanese Americans who were brought here from their West Coast homes and incarcerated in a World War II concentration camp. Water lured outsiders in and continues to fuel the greed which has sucked this once lush place dry.

University of California, Los Angeles | Renee Tajima-Peña, Professor, Asian American Studies, and Documentary Filmmaker
“Brings together a broad range of communities, whose stories of forced removal and colonization link them together….I know of no other film that takes on this ambitious task, tying together these varied strands of history into a single, commanding narrative.”

University of California, Santa Cruz | Karen Tei Yamashita, Professor Emerita, Literature, and Author, Letters to Memory
“Complicates and extends our history, taking us back in time to the displacement of other peoples, and resituates our story within the deeper and broader history of Southern California and the American Southwest.”

Pomona College | Char Miller, W.M. Keck Professor of Environmental Analysis and History
“A penetrating analysis of the historical and contemporary debates swirling around the Eastern Sierra’s most vital resource—water.”

University of California, Santa Barbara | David N. Pellow, Dehlsen Chair of Environmental Studies, and author of What is Critical Environmental Justice?
“A moving presentation of the complexities and inspiring possibilities of the intertwined struggles for racial and environmental justice.”

University of California, Santa Barbara | Janet Walker, Professor, Film and Media Studies
“This is a gorgeous cinematic work: fully intersectional, fully ecocentric, and eminently just.”

University of California, Riverside | Catherine Gudis, Associate Professor of History and Director, Public History Program
“The film sharply critiques the forms of state violence and racial injustice that have created the environmentally degraded landscape of Payahuunadü/Owens Valley…The project makes abundantly clear the ways in which race and capital together have shaped fundamentally inequitable patterns of global development.”

NPR
“A fascinating documentary looking at Los Angeles' fraught history of how it gets its water sources..”

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Main credits

Kaneko, Ann (film director)
Kaneko, Ann (film producer)
Kaneko, Ann (editor of moving image work)
Kaneko, Ann (director of photography)
Jin, Yoo-Kim (film producer)

Other credits

Composers, Lori Goldston, Steve Fisk, Alexander Miranda; editor, Ann Kaneko, Susan Metzger; cinematographer, Ann Kaneko.

MARC Record See Worldcat record

Keywords

"Los Angeles","water rights",water"Asian Americans","Japanese Americans",internment,WWII,"World War II",environmentalists,environmentalism,Payahuunadü,Payahuunadu,"Owens Valley",Nüümü,Nuumu,Paiute,Newe,Shoshone,"American History","Native Americans",Indigenous,Environment,Diversity,Inclusion,Sustainability,STEM,"Women’s Studies",Activism,"Climate Change"; "Manzanar, Diverted: When Water Becomes Dust"; GOOD DOCS; "Environmental Anthropology"; "Historical Anthropology"; "Cultural Anthropology"; "American Studies"; "Asian American Studies"; "Indigenous Studies"; Conservation; Environmentalists; Water; "Environmental Geography"; "Environmental History"; "Civil War"; "Historical Sociology"; "American West";


Final Color and Mix, 83:31 mins		February 1, 2021
Video	Audio	Timecode
Card: Manzanar,Diverted:WhenWater Becomes Dust Dir. Ann Kaneko Pix Lock, 81 mins. Tempmusic,color,soundand graphics July 1, 2020
Opening Credits		01:00:08
	[kids playing]	01:00:14
Fountain in LA	[fountain running]	01:00:30
	[kids giggling]	01:00:45
Owens valley creeks	[creek babbling]	01:00:56
Center right: Producer, Jin Yoo- Kim		01:01:04
	[instrumental music]	01:01:08
Upper left: Director / Producer, Ann Kaneko		01:01:12
	[hawk cries]	01:01:18
Wide shots of Owens Valley nature	Kathy Jefferson Bancroft: People lived on these creeks for thousands and thousands of years.	01:01:23
	This whole valley was utilized in the mountains in the summertime, and we’d go up there and get fish and deer and plants.	01:01:32
	[bell chiming]	01:01:41
	There's a lot of factors where man has come in and messed with the balance of things.	01:01:55
drone footage of creek	Mary Roper: I remember distinctly the vegetation and the flowing, clear, wonderful water out of those artesian wells and those are no more.	01:02:05
drone footage of Manzanar site	Sue Kunitomi Embrey: There are no barracks left. The main foundations, broken dishes, and a cemetery are the only physical remains. But the ruins bring forth emotional responses from people, whether they lived in Manzanar or not. And those emotions have not lessened by the passage of time.	01:02:23
Owens valley nature	Kathy Jefferson Bancroft: Every mountain up here has a story behind it. Those are part of who we are and where we come from. If they come in and change the land, those stories become meaningless.	01:02:45
Title Card Manzanar, Diverted: When Water Becomes Dust	[instrumental music]	01:03:04
aerial overview of the monument	[wind blowing]	01:03:15
	Kathy Jefferson Bancroft: This Manzanar historic site right here is just as important to us as other places because we lived here-	01:04:03
Kathy frontal Lower third: Kathy Jefferson Bancroft, Lone Pine Pauite- Shoshone Tribe	before anybody came here, and then, before it was a concentration camp.	01:04:13
bug on tree branch	[bees buzzing]	01:04:19
Kathy walking	[footsteps]	01:04:23
Lizard		01:04:31

Kathy walking	We used to drive all over this place...	01:04:34
Kathy frontal	...and didn't know any of this stuff was here, you know. I grew up knowing Manzanar was always here-but I didn’t- and I knew the Japanese were here, but I didn't really know...	01:04:38
Kathy side view	... the details about what was going on.	01:04:48
overview of highway & valley	[cars passing]	01:04:55
	Kathy Jefferson Bancroft: This huge valley that we call Payahuunadü. It's two miles deep,	01:04:59
Sierra peak	has the Sierras on the west side,	01:05:04
mountains and valley	and the Inyos and the White Mountains on the east side.	01:05:07
Map of SoCal with route traced		01:05:10
	It's about three-four hour drive from north of L.A.. And that's the beginning of the Los Angeles aqueduct.	01:05:12
Wide shot of aqueduct in OV		01:05:20
archival footage (early colonizers & herds) juxtaposed with aerial of valley	[instrumental music] Kathy Jefferson Bancroft: The outsiders came into this valley and renamed it, we call it Payahuunadü, which means the place where the water always flows. [man singing in Nüümü/Paiute]	01:05:22
		01:05:27 01:05:37
	The indian people used the creek to irrigate the land, and grow the natural vegetation.	01:05:39
	[cows mooing] When the outsiders came, they brought in herds of cattle and they trampled all the tribal people’s food supplies. So there was conflict. And then when they were hungry, the Indian people would kill a cow. And then, they would come and kill Indians for killing cows.	01:05:45 01:05:47
Text about violence against Pauite/Shoshone	[drum beats and singing]	01:06:03
	[women singing in Nüümü/Paiute] [horses neighing]	01:06:17 01:06:35
Images of Pauite juxtaposed with Army	[gunshots] They took all the Indians and tried to get us out of the valley, marched us down by Fort Tejon, and we made our way back - most of us. My great grandmother made it back by herself as a little girl. I always think about that	01:06:40 01:07:02
Kathy frontal Archival footage of aqueduct/Bishop area	... how important this place was to her.	01:07:17 01:07:12
	They talk about history in this valley started when outsiders came in	01:07:23
footage of Indigenous community historical archival continues (indigenous & settler confrontation)	, so the native people of this valley are pushed aside, ignored, not listened to, and that's been the case all along. [old car engine]	01:07:28 01:07:36
	[indistinct chatter]	01:08:02
	This is our home. This has been our home	01:08:10
Kathy with kids	and we have that pride in this place and we want to protect that, right, and the importance of this place ...	01:08:12

board: Lone Pine Paiute Shoshone Reservation cultural center nunüümüduii suma iti "remembering our people"	...to my people.	01:08:21
Manzanar Guard Tower	[somber music]	01:08:34
A: photograph of young Sue bottom center: Sue Kunitomi Embrey 1944		01:08:40
A: photo of sue bottom center: Sue Kunitomi Embrey 1973	SueKunitomiEmbrey: Mr. Chairman...	01:08:50
A: footage of Sue at hearing Sue Kunitomi Embrey testifying in 1981	...and honorable commissioners, my name is Sue Kunitomi Embrey. I was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. I was evacuated from Los Angeles...	01:08:52
archival (photographs) continues: incarceration & concentration camp	...on May 9th 1942, along with my widowed mother and six brothers and sisters. We were sent to the Manzanar concentration camp. I lived in Manzanar for 17 months.	01:09:01
	The period I spent in Manzanar was the most traumatic experience of my life. It has influenced my perspective as well as my continuing efforts to educate, persuade and encourage others of my generation to speak out about the unspeakable crime.	01:09:15
A: photograph of Monica & Sue	instrumental music	01:09:36
	Monica Embrey: When I graduated from high school...	01:09:39
Monica frontal lower third left: Monica Embrey Granddaughter of Sue Embrey	...and decided I was going to come out to Southern California here for college, a big reason was because my grandmother lived here.	01:09:41
A: photograph of Monica & Sue		01:09:47
	Sue Kunitomi Embrey: I had studied American history and...	01:09:50
A: Sue Interview lower third right: Sue Kunitomi Embrey Manzanar Committee	...gone to public school in Los Angeles, and I truly believe that I was American	01:09:53
A: close-up of Sue	I think I sort of gave up the idealistic idea of democracy to a more realistic one.	01:09:59
A: Sue next to truck		01:10:07
	Monica Embrey: I was coming and taking the train in from Claremont to L.A. every weekend to see her as she got...	01:10:10
footage of Sue's house	...sicker and sicker, and I started studying more about health and environmental pollution...	01:10:16
A: Sue in front of flags	and started thinking about connections between the	01:10:23
Industrial LA	air pollution here in Los Angeles and the cough that my grandmother had...	01:10:27
A: footage of Sue in front of the monument	for as long as I could remember.	01:10:31
	[Sue coughing]	01:10:32
Monica frontal	And so thinking about my grandmother's passing actually helped motivate me to start organizing for ...	01:10:35
photograph of Monica during environmental campaigns	...environmental justice.	01:10:40
nature around OV	[stream trickling]	01:10:44
	I took an amazing class of the history of water in California and talked about how...	01:10:52

A: footage (indigenous people & colonizers, roads)	...indigenous peoples had lived in the Owens Valley because of the rich water resource and how white farmers colonized the land. How Mulholland and others captured and seized that water and brought it back to build the empire of Los Angeles. And then we skipped over the nineteen forties	01:10:59
Monica frontal	and I knew going into that class of pretty intimate history of the 1940s in the Owens Valley because of...	01:11:16
A: photograph of Sue giving a speech	...what my grandmother and others had taught me and realized a piece of the puzzle was missing.	01:11:22
A: concentration camp, water, Japanese Americans using water	And so I asked the professor why he decided to not include the 40s, and he said he didn't see a connection between Manzanar - a World War II concentration camp for Japanese Americans - and water, and water history in that region. And so I started doing some research and decided I was going to prove him wrong.	01:11:27
	[water bubbling]	01:11:46
Rose walking through Manzanar NHS	[footsteps]	01:11:50
Rose frontal lower third left: Rose Masters Manzanar National Historic Site	RoseMasters: It looks so different, it's actually sort of hard for me to identify where I worked in 2002. But...	01:12:00
board: Manzanar war relocation center	I was a junior in high school, a guy from Manzanar...	01:12:11
board: Manzanar	... National Historic Site recruited a bunch of kids to come out here and ...	01:12:15
Rose frontal	...work for the Youth Conservation Corps	01:12:20
Rose walking	And I signed up for it.	01:12:22
board: Independence	We didn't study Manzanar in my high school, I don't know why.	01:12:27
streets & mountains	So I came out here not really understanding what this place was. People would come here looking for the...	01:12:30
Rose frontal	... histories of their families’ incarceration or their own. They'd be going around trying to find ...	01:12:39
View of the valley	...where dad had been incarcerated when he was a kid.	01:12:44
Rose talking to visitors	I remember talking to a few these people coming in and just hearing their stories...	01:12:49
	Woman: I should remember	01:12:56
aerials of Manzanar		01:12:58
	RoseMasters: Manzanar is one little tiny square mile of land that has a deep history of forced removal, and that can be forced removal to this place - like the government did with Japanese Americans - or from this place - like the government did with Owens Valley Paiute.	01:12:59
	You can also make an argument that the water and land acquisition by Los Angeles Department of Water Power had a lot of similarities to forcing people to sell their water or land.	01:13:17
panning shots of the valley	[birds chirping]	01:13:36
	[pigeons cooing]	01:13:40
	[women singing in Nüümü/Paiute]	01:13:47
	[gunshots]	01:14:02
	[people clamoring]	01:14:06
	[cows mooing]	01:14:10
	[car engine]	01:14:18
	[children playing]	01:14:26
	[birds chirping]	01:14:36
	[gusting wind]	01:15:40

people in a line	[indistinct chatter]	01:14:48
shots of the site lower third left: Manzanar National Historic site		01:14:57
site tour	AADAP Group Leader: Back behind the museum, that's the cemetery. We're going to drive through it later. These are like sacred grounds. Respect the land, just like we were talking about after the Easter picnic last week.	01:15:01
	[indistinct chatter]	01:15:14
A: early archivals of Manzanar grassland		01:15:08
archival: cars driving through manzanar area	We drove up there, and in the distance, a pick up truck was driving toward us. We could see the two guys in the trucks had cowboy hats, and they had gun racks in the back of the truck. And they pulled up on us and they said “What are you boys doing?” And we said, “we’re not boys...	01:15:12
Warren Frontal Lower third: Warren Furutani Co-Founder of the Manzanar Committee	we’re men, and we’re looking for the camps where racists like you put us in during World War Two.”	01:15:28
Valley landscape	They started laughing, and said, “Well, you’re on the wrong side of 395”.	01:15:32
Warren Frontal	So had we not run into these two cowboys, I guess,	01:15:33
photo of Warren Lower third: Warren Furutani 1969	and had they not been good enough to give us directions, we never would have found it.	01:15:40
Archival: view of Manzanar in the 60s	We went back to Los Angeles, and we shared this idea that we found a place to march to. We’re gonna go to Manzanar.	01:15:46
Archival: Japanese americans on bus	Sue Kunitomi Embrey: The first pilgrimage to Manzanar	01:15:58
A: Japanese Americas walking into Manzanar Lower third: Manzanar Pilgrimage 1969	was December 1969.	01:16:10
A: B/W Sue Lower Third: Sue Kunitomi Embrey, Co-Founder of the Manzanar Committee	[instrumental music]	01:16:26
A: Japanese Americans setting up/cleaning	In 1972, we applied to make Manzanar a...	01:16:15
A: Japanese Americans in front of plaque	... state historical landmark, and we dedicated the plaque, which is now at the entrance...	01:16:24
A: photo of sue	... to Manzanar.	01:16:35
A: far shot of plaque	BruceEmbrey: The Owens Valley was a very different place	01:16:40
Bruce Frontal Center left: Bruce Embrey Son of Sue Embrey	in the early 1970s than it is today.	01:16:47
A: people cleaning monument	I remember we'd have to patch the bullet holes in the monument. We couldn't recast...	01:16:50
bronze plaque Manzanar In the early Part of World War II, 11,110,000 persons of Japanese ancestry were interned in relocation......	the bronze plaque where they shot at it and took an ax or a hatchet.	01:17:05
Bruce Frontal	I am the co-chair of the Manzanar Committee,	01:17:14
Bruce and family at pilgrimages	and it’s a legacy thing, where I’m trying to continue my mother’s work, and keep up connected to the confinement sites, and Manzanar in particular.	01:17:17
People arriving at Manzanar Pilgrimage Lower Third: Manzanar Pilgrimage, 5th Anniversay, 2019	[indistinct chatter]	01:17:30

Bruce and Kathy hugging	Kathy Jefferson Bancroft: Of course, that’s what I love about you…	01:17:41
	Bruce Embrey : I’m happy to see you, though, I’m happy to see you.	01:17:42
People at pilgrimage	BruceEmbrey: The significance of the pilgrimage is that it’s a painful place, it’s a place that symbolizes some of the worst	01:17:45
Bruce Frontal	that this country has to offer,	00:17:47
People at pilgrimage	but it also, I think, it’s a beacon, for what the best this country can offer.	00:17:50
	Woman: As Bill was speaking as we were approaching the land, it just made a few of us very emotional. Entering this space, while someone who was incarcerated and survived was here.	01:18:04
Mary at visitor's center	Mary Roper: Hello, here's a schedule of events and there's a map on the back...	01:18:18
Mary giving out leaflet	...and then you may take this. And then there is a sign in sheet ...	01:18:16
lower third left: Mary Roper Friends of Manzanar volunteer	...right there. And this is more information.	01:18:21
	My name's Mary Roper.	01:18:31
Mary & Nancy frontal Lower third right: Nancy Masters, Friends of Manzanar Volunteer	NancyMasters: and my name's Nancy Masters. We're sisters.	01:18:33
A: Keith Bright at Manzanar Lower third: Keith Bright, Former Inyo County Board of Supervisor	Our father was on the Inyo County Board of Supervisors. And he was a supporter of Manzanar.	01:18:37
Nancy & Mary at the aqueduct	[instrumental music]	01:18:46
long shot of water	NancyMasters: That is a ton of water that heads down there. (Mary Roper) Yes. (Nancy Masters) It's going fast.	01:18:50
Mary profile	Mary: My father always was talking about the finite resources because he was in the...	01:18:57
Water	... oil business. So he was an oil man, yet,...	01:19:03
Mary profile	... in a lot of ways, an environmentalist.	01:19:06
Mary walking, frontal	And I've been interested in the water issues for many years.	01:19:12
A: building aqueduct b&w Lower third: Second Los Angeles Aqueduct Construction, 1965-1970	When the second barrel of the aqueduct went in and the DWP started to pump more to fill that aqueduct.	01:19:15
More aqueduct photos	[instrumental music]	01:19:25
Aqueduct in color	[water flowing]	01:19:33
Fruit tree		01:19:37
	NancyMasters: At Manzanar, there were still lots of fruit trees.	01:19:40
Nancy frontal	They were dying and that was a direct result...	01:19:45
dead tree	of pumping.	01:19:48
A: The Great Los Angeles Aqueduct	[film reel running]	01:19:53
A: The purpose of this Aqueduct is to supply fresh water for a prospective population of over one million people in Los Angeles	[suspenseful music]	01:19:57
split screen: LA now & before	[trolley bell chiming]	01:20:06

	NancyMasters: City of Los Angeles experienced lots of growth in the late 19th to early 20th century. They came here for the water.	01:20:09
A: photo of LA river Lower third: Los Angeles River, 1900	[water running]	01:20:18
Text about Water conflict against contrast of OV/LA	[suspenseful music]	01:20:23
	[distant traffic]	01:20:33
A: bombing of aqueduct	[loud explosion]	01:20:40
A: people watching aqueduct	[water gushing]	01:20:43
A: operating aqueduct	[mechanical wheels turning]	01:20:48
	NancyMasters: It's one of the prime exemplars of resource extraction by a remote...	01:20:51
aerial of water layered w/ news reports	and often hostile urban area.	01:20:57
aerial layered w/ city map		01:20:59
layered w/ car driving	Mary Roper: They were land speculators, so they made a lot of money off of this water. They didn't want anybody to have any water rights.	01:21:18
aerial of water	So you can imagine that the local residents were really angry, really sad, really angry.	01:21:21
A: Occupation of aqueduct	[water running]	01:21:28
A: Lower center Occupation of the Alabama Gates by Ranchers	[small explosion]	01:21:33
	NancyMasters: In the 1920s, they blew up the Alabama gates, which is just to the south of here more than once.	01:21:49
Sign: Trespassing-loitering forbidden by law		01:21:50
A: News reports/photos of explosion		01:21:55
Aerial w/ archival map of OV	NancyMasters: Businesses failed. There were very few holdouts as far as selling to the Department of Water and Power because they had a lot of money and some of the ranchers were desperate.	01:22:32
	[discordant music]	01:22:46
Kathy Frontal Center left: Kathy Jefferson Bancroft, Lone Pine Pauite Shoshone Tribe	Kathy Jefferson Bancroft: Water has always been central and a common issue everywhere in this valley, and especially with the tribes.	01:22:54
A: documents about Paiute and land	The LA department of Water and Power bought all these lands, and they came up with a series of reports called “The Indian Problem”.	01:23:02
Documents about Pauite and LADWP juxtposed with modern footage of community	[women singing in Nüümü/Paiute]	01:23:17
A: map of dwp land exchange	Because we did the land exchange, we were put on these small reservations with a set amount of water.	01:23:47
Kathy Frontal	That’s been a fight since the beginning, because they keep wanting to take away, take away.	01:23:53
Kathy walking into community center	[kids talking]	01:24:04

Kathy and Beverly at table	Beverly Newell: Oh, geez!	01:24:14
A: Soldier in front of plane	I remember when dad came home from the service, which is 1945, 46.	01:24:17
Beverly & Kathy lower third right: Beverly Newell Aunt of Kathy Bancroft	In fact, seems like all the Indian men on the reservation that was of that age was in the service. So we didn't hardly have any young men around.	01:24:21
A: Navajo Marines being sworn in	[men singing in Nüümü/Paiute]	01:24:30
A: Articles about Pearl Harbor against video of attack	[bombs exploding]	01:24:34
	[radio static]	01:24:37
	Reporter: Severe bombing of Pearl Harbor by enemy...	01:24:40
	Beverly Newell: I had two uncles in Pearl Harbor at the time it was bombed.	01:24:43
A: Young indigenous soldiers	I just remember all my aunts sitting around, listening for casualties.	01:24:49
A: Japanese American Businesses in LA Lower third: Los Angeles, 1940		01:24:57
	[indistinct chatter]	01:25:06
A: MP pinning order 9066 to wall	[hammering]	01:25:12
A: Little tokyo in the wake of pearl harbor	Sue Kunitomi Embrey: We were told to send the head of household to a particular location where everybody was to be registered. My mother was two six one four A, and then the rest of us were BCD and whatever down the line.	01:25:23
Sue frontal Lower third right: Sue Kunitomi Embrey, Manzanar Committee	So when we came to Manzanar, they also had us listed as that number.	01:25:37
A: Roosevelt, some people...	RoseMasters: Early March of 1942 is when the army started looking at Manzanar.	01:25:43
Rose frontal lower third right: Rose Masters Manzanar National Historic Site	And part of the reason was that it was held by a single entity.	01:25:48
A: LADWP Building	That entity was the Department of Water and Power of Los Angeles.	01:25:53
Rose frontal	It was not met positively. LADWP did not ...	01:26:00
A: map	...want this camp established here. Development equals water use ...	01:26:03
Rose frontal	...equals less water going to Los Angeles...	01:26:06
A: Barracks at Manzanar	..., a development that would eventually have 11,070 people pass through it. That's a lot of water use.	01:26:09
A: People using water at manzanar	[garden hose spraying]	01:26:21
A: map, far shot Manzanar	RoseMasters: Turns out that the U.S. government has the right to overrule Los Angeles Department of Water and Power...	01:26:28
A: building concentration camp	..., and so mostly against their wishes, they put the camp here.	01:26:34
A: cars approaching Lower third: First Convoy to Manzanar, March 23, 1942	[cars driving by]	01:26:40
	Sue Kunitomi Embrey: My brother had volunteered with the first 1000 people to help build the camp, and he told my mother that as long as...	01:26:52
Sue Frontal	we had to be moved, that he would go ahead and see if he could make things a little bit easier for the rest of us.	01:26:58
A: cars entering	Beverly Newell: The part that I remember the most was seeing them coming in, to see this long line of cars...	01:27:10

Beverly frontal lower third left: Beverly Newell Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Reservation	... just coming up the highway. And as it came by, they had like...	01:27:15
A: suitcases & the car	...suitcases, pillows and blankets just tied everywhere to the car.	01:27:20
A: cars Beverly frontal	Car dealerships throughout the valley came to Manzanar and bought like all the cars - because they couldn’t take cars in there - ten dollars twenty dollars, I don't know what it was. Yeah, you prey on the weak. That’s what you do.	01:27:27 01:27:38
A: moving into barracks Sue Frontal	[footsteps] Sue Kunitomi Embrey: My brother had already filled the mattresses with hay for all of us and had the room ready. Where's all the other people had to find the pile of hay somewhere in the dark.	01:27:42 01:27:44 01:27:49
A: moving into Manzanar A: Telephone pole Madelon Frontal Center Left: Madelon Arai Yamamoto, Manzanar Incarceree	[indistinct chatter] Madelon Arai Yamamoto: One thing that struck me is how desolate it was, you look outside and all you could see where the stars, I was very, very, very dark.	01:27:51 01:28:09 01:28:14
A: Arai family photo	And, the first night that we were there, I remember my mother was crying. [somber music]	01:28:20 01:28:27
A: moving into manzanar	It's like watching another vanquishment. I don't know, it's just like...	01:28:38
Beverly frontal A: moving in	...we know we had our place to live. And I guess that's where they were going to go - to there - where they have to live now. And I thought, God, what a terrible way to treat people. But then they said, well, they did that to us, ...	01:28:41 01:28:49
Beverly frontal	...when they drove us across the mountain. Yeah. Same thing, I guess.	01:28:55
A: Indigenous community, Japanese Americans moving in	[somber music] [indistinct chatter]	01:29:01 01:29:05
	[shakuhachi music]	01:29:12
Grave	[somber music]	01:29:25
wind chime	[wind chimes]	01:29:38
Sue's house	Monica Embrey: So my grandmother, she was standing here on the porch and a neighbor came by and was commenting on how beautiful the Santa Ana breeze was, blowing through the trees.	01:29:42
Monica frontal	And she had this outburst and she said, “I hate the wind!”	01:29:51
A: windy trees at Manzanar	She goes “the wind reminds me of Manzanar.”	01:29:53
	[wind blowing]	01:29:58
Wind rustling trees in OV	[Sue coughing]	01:30:00
	Sue Kunitomi Embrey: We got dust in our eyes and and grit in our ...	01:30:11
A: Sue by the plaque	...teeth and mouth. And it seemed like it was one of the worst things that could happen to people who had come from the city and had never experienced such wind.	01:30:14
Dust/wind in OV	[wind blowing]	01:30:28
A: walking in the wind	HenryNishi: When we arrived, it was pretty raw.	01:30:33
Henry frontal lower third left: Henry Nishi Former Manzanar incarceree	It was dusty-- oh, my gosh!	01:30:37
A: walking through wind at Manzanar		01:30:41
Wind in trees OV	[wind rustling through tree]	01:30:47

Sign by highway: Blowing Dust

[car driving past]