00:00:48.680 --> 00:00:51.000
Was the electricity cut off?

00:00:51.520 --> 00:00:54.440
How long before they restore it?

00:00:54.520 --> 00:00:56.920
Thank God for the batteries.

00:01:01.320 --> 00:01:04.040
As for the loss of power in Gaza,

00:01:04.120 --> 00:01:07.760
particularly in hospitals
and the health sector,

00:01:07.840 --> 00:01:13.880
there is no way of knowing when
the power will be lost.

00:01:15.840 --> 00:01:21.480
Electric power became
one of the main issues in Gaza,

00:01:21.560 --> 00:01:25.680
one that is difficult to solve,
a permanent problem.

00:01:25.760 --> 00:01:28.600
Obviously, this was
a major problem in Gaza.

00:01:28.720 --> 00:01:34.400
We always try to overcome this
and we often succeed.

00:01:49.040 --> 00:01:51.120
We don't say we'll attack them.

00:01:51.200 --> 00:01:52.840
We won't attack them.

00:01:52.920 --> 00:01:55.520
But I repeat:
we will defend ourselves.

00:02:01.720 --> 00:02:05.760
Because of oil exploitation,
since the 1980s,

00:02:05.840 --> 00:02:09.520
our territory has been
completely militarized,

00:02:09.600 --> 00:02:12.800
and human rights violations
have increased,

00:02:12.920 --> 00:02:15.920
as well the oppression
of social leaders.

00:02:16.000 --> 00:02:20.080
Due to our strong organization
in the Arauca Department

00:02:20.160 --> 00:02:23.480
and the repeated demands
we make to the State,

00:02:23.560 --> 00:02:28.400
the region has become
heavily militarized.

00:02:28.480 --> 00:02:32.760
You could say it is the most
militarized area in the world.

00:03:05.520 --> 00:03:07.480
The Rhineland brown coal fields

00:03:07.560 --> 00:03:10.120
are the largest source
of CO2 in Europe.

00:03:10.200 --> 00:03:13.680
They're quite close to us here.

00:03:14.560 --> 00:03:18.240
That's why it's a good
focal point or symbol

00:03:18.320 --> 00:03:21.800
for the climate movement.

00:05:12.160 --> 00:05:15.280
You have a few gallstones
in your gallbladder

00:05:15.360 --> 00:05:18.600
and your gallbladder
is a bit tight around them.

00:05:18.720 --> 00:05:22.200
You will need painkillers.

00:05:22.280 --> 00:05:25.680
And schedule surgery
with the outpatient clinic.

00:05:25.760 --> 00:05:29.080
I'm Dr. Mohammed Al Ziyara,
a surgeon at Shifa hospital.

00:05:29.160 --> 00:05:30.680
I am 29 years old.

00:05:30.760 --> 00:05:33.840
I've been working
in Gaza for about three years,

00:05:33.920 --> 00:05:36.480
after graduating from
the Faculty of Medicine

00:05:36.560 --> 00:05:38.200
at the University of Egypt.

00:05:41.680 --> 00:05:43.200
I live in Gaza.

00:05:43.840 --> 00:05:46.320
I live all of its details
and moments.

00:05:46.400 --> 00:05:48.240
Moment by moment
day by day.

00:05:49.560 --> 00:05:52.560
I am affected
by all of its problems.

00:05:52.680 --> 00:05:55.760
I live through
all of the circumstances

00:05:55.840 --> 00:05:58.200
that we face every day.

00:06:01.880 --> 00:06:05.080
We always try to overcome
those circumstances

00:06:05.160 --> 00:06:07.600
and the problems
that we face.

00:06:09.760 --> 00:06:12.200
But of course,
facing them is not easy.

00:06:12.280 --> 00:06:17.320
We have to find solutions using
only the resources available.

00:06:25.200 --> 00:06:29.160
After Hamas took control
of Gaza in 2006,

00:06:29.240 --> 00:06:32.480
Israel and Egypt imposed
a blockade,

00:06:32.680 --> 00:06:37.080
closing all borders and
crossing points into the Strip

00:06:37.160 --> 00:06:40.360
for both goods and people.

00:06:46.520 --> 00:06:50.480
Since then, we have endured
intense war

00:06:50.560 --> 00:06:53.920
and terrible aggression
from the Israeli army,

00:06:54.000 --> 00:06:57.800
which has led to the destruction
of the Strip's infrastructure

00:06:57.880 --> 00:07:03.760
and impacted our ability
to live normal lives.

00:07:13.520 --> 00:07:16.400
We always try
to overcome these problems,

00:07:16.480 --> 00:07:19.000
but the situation has become
suffocating,

00:07:19.080 --> 00:07:21.080
immoral,
inhumane and intolerable.

00:07:23.760 --> 00:07:27.960
Gazan residents have been
suffering, protesting

00:07:28.040 --> 00:07:31.240
and resisting this situation
for years now.

00:07:34.280 --> 00:07:40.600
Every Friday, conflicts
take place at the border,

00:07:40.720 --> 00:07:46.840
with kids who go throw rocks
at the occupation soldiers.

00:07:49.560 --> 00:07:56.360
Often, these aggressive events
result in injuries

00:07:56.440 --> 00:07:58.760
and even martyrs.

00:07:59.240 --> 00:08:03.960
Last Friday,
near the end of my shift,

00:08:04.040 --> 00:08:07.400
I had a patient come in
with a critical gunshot wound.

00:08:07.480 --> 00:08:13.680
It meant we had to go
into the operating room.

00:08:17.680 --> 00:08:21.760
In the middle of his surgery,
there was a blackout.

00:08:24.120 --> 00:08:26.440
Neither the generator
nor the battery

00:08:26.520 --> 00:08:27.960
started right away,

00:08:28.040 --> 00:08:31.000
so we found ourselves
in a situation

00:08:31.120 --> 00:08:33.880
where we were working
in the dark.

00:08:34.440 --> 00:08:40.360
At that moment,
we had to stop working

00:08:40.440 --> 00:08:42.720
and as we waited,

00:08:43.800 --> 00:08:47.520
I wondered whether or not
he would survive.

00:08:48.320 --> 00:08:51.840
Luckily, he did,

00:08:51.920 --> 00:08:55.280
and the operation
was successful.

00:08:56.480 --> 00:09:00.480
But we've had others
who were not so lucky.

00:09:09.280 --> 00:09:12.960
Recently, we've had
many problems with generators

00:09:13.040 --> 00:09:17.720
causing injuries
from electric shocks.

00:09:21.120 --> 00:09:26.240
The number of injuries
has doubled since the blackouts.

00:09:27.040 --> 00:09:30.280
The number of cases
we see has doubled.

00:09:30.800 --> 00:09:33.280
-Since the power issue?
-Exactly.

00:09:33.360 --> 00:09:38.320
Do you see other kinds of burns
caused by the blackouts in Gaza?

00:09:39.040 --> 00:09:42.080
Of course, there are many
different types of burns.

00:09:42.160 --> 00:09:45.760
Some are a result of using
a kerosene stove

00:09:45.840 --> 00:09:48.120
or using candles for light.

00:09:48.840 --> 00:09:52.840
And unfortunately, those cases
often result in death.

00:09:52.920 --> 00:09:55.720
Many times,
people use candles for light,

00:09:55.800 --> 00:09:58.440
and this causes death
by suffocation.

00:09:58.520 --> 00:10:01.960
Candles have also caused
whole houses to burn down.

00:10:02.040 --> 00:10:05.440
Many families
have turned to using generators,

00:10:05.520 --> 00:10:07.520
which also carries risks.

00:10:11.040 --> 00:10:15.200
The life of a patient,
or indeed of any person in Gaza,

00:10:15.280 --> 00:10:18.120
is very important,
it's very precious.

00:10:18.200 --> 00:10:20.200
We must always work
to preserve it.

00:10:20.320 --> 00:10:25.440
When it comes to saving
the lives of the people of Gaza,

00:10:25.520 --> 00:10:28.840
it's important to everyone.

00:10:28.920 --> 00:10:31.560
It's essential to find
a solution to this problem.

00:10:34.920 --> 00:10:36.920
As for power outages
in Gaza,

00:10:37.040 --> 00:10:40.360
particularly in hospitals and
the healthcare sector,

00:10:40.440 --> 00:10:43.120
it's an ongoing problem.

00:10:43.200 --> 00:10:47.800
Power outages have been an issue
for six or seven years or more.

00:11:09.320 --> 00:11:11.960
The electricity problem

00:11:12.040 --> 00:11:15.960
started at the beginning
of the war in 2008/2009.

00:11:16.040 --> 00:11:18.920
That's how long we've been
struggling with this.

00:11:19.000 --> 00:11:21.600
Right now we have four turbines,

00:11:21.720 --> 00:11:26.000
and the electricity crisis
we're facing right now

00:11:26.080 --> 00:11:29.040
means that electricity is out
for 10 hours

00:11:29.120 --> 00:11:33.200
and then back for three or four,
depending on where you are.

00:11:33.720 --> 00:11:37.560
Only two turbines are working,
and that's not enough.

00:11:37.680 --> 00:11:40.240
We have lines from Egypt,
but every other day

00:11:40.320 --> 00:11:42.680
they shut them down
or disconnect them.

00:11:42.800 --> 00:11:45.200
We also have lines
that come from Israel.

00:11:45.280 --> 00:11:48.480
They're disconnected
sometimes, too.

00:11:48.560 --> 00:11:52.560
They'll say it's to repair them,
or something like that.

00:11:52.680 --> 00:11:54.360
And this scrap metal you see

00:11:54.440 --> 00:11:57.560
is the result of the destruction
that happened here.

00:11:57.680 --> 00:12:03.920
Here, we used to have two tanks.
Ten million litres each.

00:12:04.000 --> 00:12:07.280
Right now, that one there
is the only operational one.

00:12:07.360 --> 00:12:09.480
That one is another
million litres,

00:12:09.560 --> 00:12:11.960
but that is only enough for
two or three days.

00:12:14.480 --> 00:12:17.240
It's true that Gaza
is in a very bad situation.

00:12:17.320 --> 00:12:18.920
The electricity supply

00:12:19.000 --> 00:12:22.840
and energy in general
is a severe crisis here.

00:12:24.600 --> 00:12:27.080
But we will keep on resisting.

00:12:27.160 --> 00:12:29.760
We'll keep trying
to overcome the problem.

00:12:29.840 --> 00:12:32.200
We won't surrender,
or lose hope.

00:12:32.720 --> 00:12:35.800
Right now in Dubai,
Saudi Arabia, Egypt,

00:12:35.880 --> 00:12:40.200
all these countries have started
installing solar power.

00:12:40.280 --> 00:12:43.080
That is the alternative
to this station.

00:12:43.160 --> 00:12:47.800
The station is very old, anyway.
It is not modern.

00:12:48.960 --> 00:12:52.720
Solar energy is beneficial
to the Strip.

00:12:52.800 --> 00:12:57.400
Some hospitals
have started using it,

00:12:57.480 --> 00:12:59.360
as well as some schools.

00:12:59.440 --> 00:13:02.320
Individuals who can afford it

00:13:02.400 --> 00:13:04.440
are installing cells
on their roofs.

00:13:04.520 --> 00:13:07.040
They have no need
for the electric company at all.

00:13:07.120 --> 00:13:10.280
But that is expensive,
it costs a lot.

00:13:36.040 --> 00:13:39.040
When the multinationals arrived,
in 1980,

00:13:39.120 --> 00:13:42.400
all of us campesinos
were happy

00:13:42.480 --> 00:13:46.240
because we thought they would
bring progress to the region.

00:13:46.320 --> 00:13:50.480
But it was the opposite.
They brought destruction.

00:13:51.800 --> 00:13:56.080
This is a platform used
by the multinational companies.

00:13:56.160 --> 00:13:59.200
This is a platform
and that is an oil well.

00:14:00.680 --> 00:14:04.600
When we come around here,
we never touch anything.

00:14:05.080 --> 00:14:07.280
But they give us a hard time.

00:14:07.360 --> 00:14:10.520
They don't let us get
to our crops over there.

00:14:10.600 --> 00:14:14.160
They don't let us
go through to the highway.

00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:19.800
We want to understand
why they oppress us like this.

00:14:19.880 --> 00:14:22.320
We were born and raised here.

00:14:22.400 --> 00:14:24.080
This is our land!

00:14:42.080 --> 00:14:45.440
Indigenous peoples,
campesinos and Afro-Colombians

00:14:45.520 --> 00:14:47.840
have been historically displaced

00:14:47.920 --> 00:14:52.120
by multinational companies
and armed conflict.

00:14:52.200 --> 00:14:54.840
Today, they continue to fight

00:14:54.920 --> 00:14:58.320
to remain on their land
with dignity.

00:14:58.400 --> 00:15:02.680
They've built
an alternative balance plan

00:15:02.760 --> 00:15:07.920
with alternative proposals
for health, education, housing,

00:15:08.000 --> 00:15:10.520
working toward what they want

00:15:10.600 --> 00:15:12.760
for the region
and its resources.

00:15:12.840 --> 00:15:16.840
Because of that, they've been
persecuted and stigmatized.

00:15:23.560 --> 00:15:25.840
My name is Sonia Milena Lopez.

00:15:26.960 --> 00:15:30.000
I am a daughter
of this social process.

00:15:30.520 --> 00:15:34.240
My parents are campesinos.

00:15:35.600 --> 00:15:40.760
I've been with Peasant Youth
since I was eight years old.

00:15:41.120 --> 00:15:44.960
Later, these youth groups
were merged into a single group

00:15:45.040 --> 00:15:48.320
called ASOJER, the Regional
Youth and Student Association.

00:15:50.280 --> 00:15:53.760
In 2000,
with all the repression

00:15:53.840 --> 00:15:57.480
against social movements
and communities,

00:15:57.560 --> 00:15:59.680
I was chosen by ASOJER

00:15:59.760 --> 00:16:04.360
to be part of the Joel Sierra
Human Rights Foundation.

00:16:09.400 --> 00:16:15.120
I work there to support
the Foundation's activities,

00:16:15.200 --> 00:16:18.160
which mainly involve
advocating for human rights

00:16:18.280 --> 00:16:22.400
and working to raise awareness
about what's been happening.

00:16:32.400 --> 00:16:36.200
Today in our show
we're conducting an analysis

00:16:36.280 --> 00:16:41.840
of the past 15 years
of Plan Colombia.

00:16:41.920 --> 00:16:47.560
Plan Colombia is a plan
that involves military support

00:16:47.680 --> 00:16:51.800
from the American government
for the Colombian government.

00:16:51.880 --> 00:16:58.720
It was initially presented
as a program against drugs,

00:16:58.800 --> 00:17:00.880
as Colombia is still

00:17:00.960 --> 00:17:04.760
one of the biggest
cocain producers in the world.

00:17:04.840 --> 00:17:08.960
But, in effect, its main goal

00:17:09.040 --> 00:17:13.000
was to strengthen
the Colombian military forces

00:17:13.080 --> 00:17:16.240
in the fight
against the insurgency.

00:17:16.320 --> 00:17:22.600
As is widely known, Oxy,
the multinational corporation,

00:17:22.720 --> 00:17:27.720
lobbied intensively
in US Congress

00:17:27.800 --> 00:17:31.840
for Plan Colombia
to be approved.

00:17:31.920 --> 00:17:36.680
This doctrine
they imposed on the soldiers

00:17:36.760 --> 00:17:40.240
was of course a war doctrine

00:17:40.320 --> 00:17:43.920
of direct aggression
by Colombian forces,

00:17:44.000 --> 00:17:47.320
especially against
human rights advocates

00:17:47.400 --> 00:17:51.400
and leaders of social
and labour movements.

00:17:51.480 --> 00:17:54.760
And of course,
the population in general.

00:17:54.840 --> 00:17:58.000
There was
an exponential increase

00:17:58.080 --> 00:18:02.000
in what they called
"false positives",

00:18:02.080 --> 00:18:04.360
which were
extra-judicial executions.

00:18:04.440 --> 00:18:10.680
They peaked
between 2005 and 2007,

00:18:10.760 --> 00:18:16.560
when there was close to
4000 people murdered.

00:18:16.680 --> 00:18:20.560
These were mostly campesinos,
members of the working class,

00:18:20.680 --> 00:18:26.600
killed by the Colombian army
and police forces

00:18:26.720 --> 00:18:31.360
and later reported
as fallen in action.

00:18:43.840 --> 00:18:46.880
Right now, you're in
the region of Saravena,

00:18:46.960 --> 00:18:52.960
which is made up of more than
three territorial units.

00:18:53.040 --> 00:18:57.840
In terms of military presence,
we've been here for 42 years.

00:18:58.480 --> 00:19:00.800
With time, the military unit

00:19:01.800 --> 00:19:05.800
has made a series of commitments
to the community,

00:19:05.920 --> 00:19:11.800
not only in terms of armed
and military support,

00:19:11.880 --> 00:19:14.320
but also for its development.

00:19:15.120 --> 00:19:17.360
Civilians can be hostile,

00:19:17.440 --> 00:19:20.960
but when troops
arrive at these places,

00:19:21.040 --> 00:19:23.680
through a healthy
power of persuasion,

00:19:23.760 --> 00:19:27.120
the population gets closer
to the troops.

00:19:27.240 --> 00:19:30.520
Our army is specially designed

00:19:30.600 --> 00:19:34.080
for humanitarian tasks,
as we can see,

00:19:34.160 --> 00:19:39.880
because the top priority
for us is life.

00:19:48.040 --> 00:19:51.760
There's armed conflict
in our region

00:19:51.840 --> 00:19:54.120
and the Colombian State
takes part,

00:19:54.200 --> 00:19:56.960
using military
and paramilitary forces,

00:19:57.080 --> 00:20:02.760
as well as rebel organizations,
especially the FARC and the ELN.

00:20:02.840 --> 00:20:07.680
But some actors in the social
and political conflict,

00:20:07.760 --> 00:20:11.240
like the Mass Social
and Political Movement

00:20:11.320 --> 00:20:13.280
of Centre-East Colombia,

00:20:13.360 --> 00:20:16.080
put forward alternatives

00:20:16.160 --> 00:20:19.760
to the disgraceful conditions
we live in.

00:20:28.720 --> 00:20:32.160
The Mass Social and Political
Movement of the Centre-East

00:20:32.240 --> 00:20:34.000
is a tough movement

00:20:34.080 --> 00:20:36.800
with a position
that sets us apart.

00:20:40.200 --> 00:20:42.160
As a political movement,

00:20:42.240 --> 00:20:46.160
our actions mainly seek
to defend our territory.

00:20:46.240 --> 00:20:52.680
We've engaged in a struggle
against the multinationals

00:20:52.760 --> 00:20:56.880
that came to set up
large economic projects

00:20:56.960 --> 00:20:59.560
at the expense
of the wellbeing,

00:20:59.680 --> 00:21:02.280
the life and longevity
of the communities.

00:21:15.600 --> 00:21:19.040
We cannot back down
in our struggle against Oxy

00:21:19.120 --> 00:21:21.600
and the environmental
and social damage

00:21:21.720 --> 00:21:27.280
it has produced in the 30 years
of oil exploitation in the area.

00:21:28.920 --> 00:21:31.320
This is an axis of our fight

00:21:31.400 --> 00:21:37.000
around environmental
and social rights in Arauca.

00:21:41.160 --> 00:21:44.800
The president has talked
about returning lands,

00:21:44.880 --> 00:21:48.680
so we fought to make this happen
and to negotiate with them.

00:21:48.800 --> 00:21:54.240
Oxy committed to a gesture
of goodwill towards us.

00:21:54.320 --> 00:21:59.520
They said they would stop
the administrative quarrels

00:21:59.600 --> 00:22:03.360
and that they would not
displace us by force.

00:22:03.440 --> 00:22:06.240
However, this is not due
to their goodwill,

00:22:06.320 --> 00:22:09.480
but rather
to the social movements

00:22:09.560 --> 00:22:12.400
and our resistance
against eviction.

00:22:12.480 --> 00:22:16.120
We may be forced
to leave our land,

00:22:16.200 --> 00:22:19.800
but we won't leave
without fighting for it.

00:22:36.400 --> 00:22:42.600
It was not Plan Colombia
or the government's war strategy

00:22:42.760 --> 00:22:46.000
that ended the coca crops
in the region.

00:22:46.080 --> 00:22:51.920
It was actually the result of
an organized political process

00:22:52.000 --> 00:22:55.200
by the campesinos
for the campesinos.

00:22:55.280 --> 00:23:00.160
That was how
this campaign started in 2007

00:23:00.240 --> 00:23:03.560
and by 2010 or 2011,

00:23:03.680 --> 00:23:07.240
most of the region's coca crops
had been eradicated.

00:23:07.320 --> 00:23:11.320
We have eradicated coca
and now, with our own resources,

00:23:11.400 --> 00:23:13.800
with our own hands,

00:23:13.880 --> 00:23:18.680
we have planted vast amounts
of plantain, cocoa, yuca, corn,

00:23:18.800 --> 00:23:21.840
we've set up
dairy and meat production,

00:23:21.920 --> 00:23:24.600
ensuring food sovereignty
and security

00:23:24.720 --> 00:23:28.680
for our regional
and national inhabitants.

00:24:08.440 --> 00:24:11.360
After the SPD-Green government

00:24:11.440 --> 00:24:15.760
initiated the nuclear
phase-out in 2000

00:24:15.840 --> 00:24:19.080
new coal plants were suddenly
being planned.

00:24:19.160 --> 00:24:21.960
More than 20 were prevented

00:24:22.120 --> 00:24:25.920
and yet there are many power
plants like these here.

00:24:26.000 --> 00:24:31.600
After the nuclear phase-out,
coal production increased.

00:24:31.720 --> 00:24:34.320
Of course,
that was disappointing.

00:24:34.400 --> 00:24:37.200
People in other countries
started asking,

00:24:37.280 --> 00:24:39.240
"What's going on in Germany?

00:24:39.320 --> 00:24:42.080
"They wanted
an energy revolution,

00:24:42.160 --> 00:24:44.720
"they built wind turbines
and solar plants,

00:24:44.800 --> 00:24:47.040
"they opted out
of nuclear power.

00:24:47.120 --> 00:24:50.480
"It's a model country.
But they have a dirty secret."

00:24:50.560 --> 00:24:55.000
Coal production is increasing.

00:24:55.080 --> 00:24:56.240
I've been asked,

00:24:56.320 --> 00:24:59.360
"What went wrong
with your energy revolution?

00:24:59.440 --> 00:25:04.000
"Suddenly, coal is booming
like never before!"

00:25:04.080 --> 00:25:07.360
So we had to start campaigning

00:25:07.440 --> 00:25:10.680
here in the Rhineland
coal fields.

00:25:10.760 --> 00:25:15.120
It's great that an anti-coal
movement has developped.

00:25:26.240 --> 00:25:31.040
I haven't been an activist
for that long,

00:25:31.120 --> 00:25:33.720
but I've always stayed
informed

00:25:33.800 --> 00:25:37.320
and I felt that
something wasn't quite right.

00:25:39.480 --> 00:25:44.280
I worked for a long time
as a teacher

00:25:44.360 --> 00:25:47.240
and it's easy to ignore
the big questions

00:25:47.320 --> 00:25:52.600
when you're trying to make sure
the next day goes well.

00:25:52.720 --> 00:25:55.080
I'm an anti-coal activist,

00:25:55.160 --> 00:26:00.880
but I identify more
as a climate activist

00:26:00.960 --> 00:26:03.600
because coal for me
is just one focal point.

00:26:05.480 --> 00:26:09.040
We moved away from
large summits

00:26:09.120 --> 00:26:11.120
and large mobilizations

00:26:11.200 --> 00:26:16.880
where we stayed
in our own areas.

00:26:16.960 --> 00:26:20.000
Instead, we looked at where
the CO2 was coming from

00:26:20.080 --> 00:26:23.200
and we went right to the source

00:26:24.240 --> 00:26:26.480
to fight climate change.

00:26:44.600 --> 00:26:46.040
About six years ago,

00:26:46.120 --> 00:26:48.560
I was at the climate camp
in London.

00:26:48.680 --> 00:26:53.240
I saw so many people organizing
against climate change,

00:26:53.320 --> 00:26:57.120
carrying out actions
and creating alternatives.

00:26:57.200 --> 00:27:01.920
It was inspiring and encouraging
and because I was around people

00:27:02.000 --> 00:27:04.720
who were doing something
about climate change

00:27:04.800 --> 00:27:07.760
I didn't feel completely
frustrated and powerless.

00:27:07.840 --> 00:27:11.720
I came to the Rhineland because
there was a group here

00:27:11.800 --> 00:27:14.800
that has been working
for the last five years

00:27:14.880 --> 00:27:17.760
to build a resistance and
organize actions

00:27:17.840 --> 00:27:21.480
against brown coal mines.

00:27:30.520 --> 00:27:31.840
I want to talk about coal

00:27:31.920 --> 00:27:34.360
and why it's important
for the climate movement.

00:27:34.440 --> 00:27:38.600
Eighty percent of fossil fuels
need to stay in the ground

00:27:38.720 --> 00:27:42.440
if we want to achieve
the two-degree goal.

00:27:43.920 --> 00:27:48.040
The two-degree goal
is also very critical.

00:27:48.120 --> 00:27:51.560
Global temperature has already
increased 0.8 degrees

00:27:51.680 --> 00:27:53.320
since we began tracking it

00:27:53.400 --> 00:27:56.480
and we have already seen many
signs of climate change.

00:27:56.560 --> 00:28:01.040
The trend has not been to leave
fossil fuels in the ground.

00:28:01.120 --> 00:28:04.520
This is a slideshow that shows
who is producing

00:28:04.600 --> 00:28:09.600
the most brown coal
in the world.

00:28:10.200 --> 00:28:12.400
This is Germany.

00:28:12.480 --> 00:28:15.000
The black numbers
represent black coal.

00:28:15.080 --> 00:28:18.360
These numbers are brown coal.

00:28:18.440 --> 00:28:21.160
Basically, Germany
is the country that burns

00:28:21.240 --> 00:28:24.040
the most brown coal
in the world.

00:28:29.600 --> 00:28:35.840
It's crazy because coal is such
an antiquated form of energy.

00:28:35.920 --> 00:28:39.280
It was used at the birth
of industrialization

00:28:39.360 --> 00:28:41.440
and grew up in that era,

00:28:41.520 --> 00:28:44.480
but it has no place
in modern times.

00:28:44.560 --> 00:28:49.240
And yet in the last 15 years,
there has been a coal boom

00:28:49.320 --> 00:28:52.960
in Germany
and the rest of the world

00:28:53.040 --> 00:28:57.840
to satisfy a supposed
need for energy.

00:28:57.920 --> 00:29:03.200
It's all done under the guise
of "clean coal",

00:29:03.280 --> 00:29:05.720
which is presented
as a solution.

00:29:05.800 --> 00:29:11.320
But it's not a solution.
So we have to keep working.

00:29:27.680 --> 00:29:30.080
I helped organize
the first climate camp

00:29:30.160 --> 00:29:33.240
when I was on a sabbatical year
and had free time.

00:29:33.320 --> 00:29:37.000
And when I went back
to work at the school

00:29:37.080 --> 00:29:41.600
it didn't really work because
I didn't have the time

00:29:41.720 --> 00:29:44.960
to prepare lessons
and stay involved.

00:29:46.560 --> 00:29:50.200
It can't be accomplished
on a free afternoon or evening,

00:29:50.280 --> 00:29:54.080
communicating with others
and all that.

00:29:54.160 --> 00:29:56.880
Then I stopped working
at the school

00:29:56.960 --> 00:29:59.480
and began working freelance.

00:30:40.120 --> 00:30:43.480
Now there are three
large-scale mines.

00:30:43.560 --> 00:30:45.960
Garzweiler,
Hambach, to the left,

00:30:46.040 --> 00:30:49.360
and a bit further away,
Inden, near Aachen.

00:30:50.160 --> 00:30:53.160
This mine has three
coal seams

00:30:53.240 --> 00:30:56.120
each of which can be as much
as 9 metres deep.

00:30:56.200 --> 00:31:00.120
You can see that a lot of soil
has to be removed

00:31:00.200 --> 00:31:02.960
to get to the coal.

00:31:07.520 --> 00:31:11.600
The desolate landscape
lets you see the destruction

00:31:11.760 --> 00:31:15.080
and ties it to
the destruction caused

00:31:15.160 --> 00:31:20.840
by the whole economic system
and by our demand for resources.

00:31:20.920 --> 00:31:25.080
That's why it's a good
focal point or symbol

00:31:25.160 --> 00:31:28.080
for the climate movement.

00:31:47.280 --> 00:31:50.400
My goal was to take
all the experience

00:31:50.480 --> 00:31:54.760
of the anti-nuclear movement
and use it against coal.

00:31:54.840 --> 00:31:58.840
Like the blockades
at the first climate camp,

00:31:58.920 --> 00:32:01.960
where we were sitting on
coal transport railways

00:32:02.040 --> 00:32:08.040
with other invested people
or forming human chains.

00:32:08.160 --> 00:32:10.920
I wanted to somehow
bring this experience

00:32:11.000 --> 00:32:12.920
to the fight against coal.

00:32:18.080 --> 00:32:21.920
We've been successful
on the ground

00:32:22.040 --> 00:32:27.560
but there has still been
an increase in CO2.

00:32:27.680 --> 00:32:32.080
It's frustrating, but we still
need to celebrate.

00:32:32.160 --> 00:32:35.720
There are so many
people involved.

00:32:35.800 --> 00:32:39.200
I feel like something
is actually happening.

00:32:57.560 --> 00:33:01.200
At 7:00 AM this morning,
1300 people set out

00:33:01.280 --> 00:33:05.800
for the pit at the Garzweiler
surface mine.

00:33:05.880 --> 00:33:07.680
And they made it!

00:33:12.040 --> 00:33:16.480
We've accomplished
our goal of disabling

00:33:16.560 --> 00:33:20.000
the excavators so that the mine
comes to a standstill.

00:33:20.120 --> 00:33:24.000
And at this moment,
there are no excavators running.

00:33:24.080 --> 00:33:27.600
I think it's important
to take this stand.

00:33:27.720 --> 00:33:32.320
It's important for the movement,
which is growing.

00:33:32.400 --> 00:33:36.200
It's an important sign that
climate policy means,

00:33:36.280 --> 00:33:38.480
for the people at the bottom,

00:33:38.560 --> 00:33:42.120
that we've gone
one step forward.

00:33:46.760 --> 00:33:51.040
There's power in
civil disobedience.

00:34:18.880 --> 00:34:25.520
At work, we have a big problem
in the critical departments.

00:34:25.600 --> 00:34:29.040
For example,
the intensive care unit,

00:34:29.120 --> 00:34:35.360
neonatal and obstetrics,
the dialysis department,

00:34:35.440 --> 00:34:38.440
and of course all surgery units,

00:34:38.520 --> 00:34:41.560
all these places
need continuous power.

00:34:41.680 --> 00:34:46.160
They cannot handle
the power outages that Gaza has.

00:35:07.360 --> 00:35:10.040
These are blood
separation devices.

00:35:10.120 --> 00:35:12.960
They isolate
the basic components of blood.

00:35:13.040 --> 00:35:16.800
And these freezers are used
to preserve the blood units.

00:35:16.880 --> 00:35:19.840
Each time these machines stop
due to a power cut,

00:35:19.920 --> 00:35:22.520
it delays
the blood separation process

00:35:22.600 --> 00:35:26.040
and consequently
spoils the blood.

00:35:26.560 --> 00:35:29.960
The other thing that is affected
by power failures

00:35:30.040 --> 00:35:32.320
is when the power
suddenly turns off,

00:35:32.400 --> 00:35:34.320
these machines break down.

00:35:34.400 --> 00:35:37.440
Then we need spare parts
in order to repair them.

00:35:38.280 --> 00:35:42.000
It's very, very costly
to get them running again.

00:35:43.800 --> 00:35:46.960
These are part of our strategic
blood storage system.

00:35:47.040 --> 00:35:50.720
If there is a power outage,
this plasma here will go bad.

00:35:50.800 --> 00:35:54.400
Imagine, all this blood
is supplied by donors.

00:35:54.480 --> 00:35:56.400
And it would all go bad!
Imagine!

00:35:56.480 --> 00:35:58.720
It can't withstand
an hour-long cut,

00:35:58.800 --> 00:36:00.880
not to mention a four-hour cut!

00:36:00.960 --> 00:36:03.080
This is why it
should be online,

00:36:03.160 --> 00:36:05.480
connected to
the power supply

00:36:05.560 --> 00:36:07.120
fully and continuously.

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:28.920
-We see about 110 cases daily.
-110?

00:36:29.000 --> 00:36:31.080
Yes, around 110 every day.

00:36:31.160 --> 00:36:33.880
I imagine the equipment
doesn't ever stop?

00:36:33.960 --> 00:36:37.360
No, we have four shifts,
we're about to add a fifth,

00:36:37.440 --> 00:36:39.200
starting at midnight.

00:36:39.560 --> 00:36:41.920
It's a miserable situation.

00:37:06.840 --> 00:37:09.240
Elsewhere,
with medical equipment,

00:37:09.320 --> 00:37:11.520
if a main board is defective,

00:37:11.600 --> 00:37:14.160
the board is obviously
replaced immediately

00:37:14.240 --> 00:37:16.600
because the equipment
is so important.

00:37:16.720 --> 00:37:19.920
But in the Gaza Strip,
due to the continuous siege,

00:37:20.040 --> 00:37:23.720
financial support and
spare parts are not available.

00:37:23.800 --> 00:37:26.760
We are thankful
to the brothers

00:37:26.840 --> 00:37:31.200
who must make many attempts
to fix the part, until it works.

00:37:31.280 --> 00:37:34.080
Then it is replaced on
the equipment.

00:37:43.840 --> 00:37:46.400
As for hospitals
and medical institutions,

00:37:46.480 --> 00:37:50.360
we hope to get solar power,
which could be a substitute

00:37:50.440 --> 00:37:55.480
and provide a solution
to power-related issues.

00:37:57.960 --> 00:38:01.560
Four hospitals have already
installed solar panels.

00:38:01.680 --> 00:38:04.080
They are already
benefitting from them,

00:38:04.160 --> 00:38:05.760
but in a limited way.

00:38:42.240 --> 00:38:44.760
Here are the solar panels

00:38:44.840 --> 00:38:48.400
that convert solar power
to electric power.

00:38:49.240 --> 00:38:52.920
The on-grid, off-grid system
we have in this country,

00:38:53.000 --> 00:38:56.040
along with the batteries
and back-up batteries,

00:38:56.120 --> 00:38:58.920
can't cover
all of the hospital's needs.

00:38:59.000 --> 00:39:01.360
We would need
a much larger area.

00:39:01.440 --> 00:39:03.320
This, of course, provides

00:39:03.400 --> 00:39:06.080
for the essential areas
of the hospital,

00:39:06.160 --> 00:39:08.720
namely the intensive care unit.

00:39:10.400 --> 00:39:13.480
Obviously, if the equipment
is disconnected

00:39:13.560 --> 00:39:17.080
from an ICU patient,
it puts their life in danger.

00:39:28.480 --> 00:39:34.040
The solar-power equipment
saves a lot of effort

00:39:34.120 --> 00:39:36.920
when there is a blackout
in this unit.

00:39:37.000 --> 00:39:40.600
Usually, we ask the nurses
to manually hold the tubes

00:39:40.720 --> 00:39:42.520
until the electricity is back.

00:39:42.600 --> 00:39:45.840
When that happens,
we have to contact other units,

00:39:45.920 --> 00:39:48.600
ICU and pediatrics,
to provide nurses

00:39:48.720 --> 00:39:51.080
so we can assign each baby
a nurse.

00:39:51.160 --> 00:39:53.960
They use the pumps
to save the babies' lives.

00:39:54.040 --> 00:39:55.600
It's a very tiring job.

00:39:55.720 --> 00:39:59.960
But solar power makes the work
easier for the nurses,

00:40:00.040 --> 00:40:03.720
gradually alleviating
their workload.

00:40:03.800 --> 00:40:05.840
It saves them a lot of effort.

00:40:05.920 --> 00:40:08.840
I imagine it also saved
patients' lives.

00:40:08.920 --> 00:40:10.440
Of course.

00:40:10.520 --> 00:40:13.680
The babies must be
hooked up immediately.

00:40:13.760 --> 00:40:17.280
The solar-power source
has saved many babies' lives.

00:40:26.040 --> 00:40:28.880
The problem with
the current solar projects

00:40:28.960 --> 00:40:31.800
is that they have
a limited capacity.

00:40:31.880 --> 00:40:35.920
They can only supply electricity
to the critical departments,

00:40:36.000 --> 00:40:38.200
not to the entire hospital.

00:40:40.040 --> 00:40:41.680
As technology advances,

00:40:41.760 --> 00:40:45.200
solar panels are becoming more
efficient and cheaper.

00:40:46.360 --> 00:40:50.760
In 2015, a joint project
called Empower Gaza

00:40:50.840 --> 00:40:54.160
was launched by doctors
in Gaza and abroad.

00:40:54.240 --> 00:40:58.480
The project aimed
to raise funds

00:40:58.560 --> 00:41:03.160
to equip the remaining
public hospitals in Gaza

00:41:03.240 --> 00:41:06.280
with solar panels.

00:41:14.200 --> 00:41:19.000
We cooperated with
the UN Development Programme

00:41:19.080 --> 00:41:22.080
and with
international organizations,

00:41:22.160 --> 00:41:25.160
in order to find a solution
to this problem.

00:41:31.760 --> 00:41:35.200
This hospital serves
the central region,

00:41:35.280 --> 00:41:39.320
with a population
of approximately 350,000 people.

00:41:39.400 --> 00:41:43.320
Because of the importance
of this hospital,

00:41:43.400 --> 00:41:46.160
we decided to do
the project here,

00:41:46.240 --> 00:41:50.480
introducing renewable energy
to run the hospital.

00:41:50.560 --> 00:41:55.160
As you know, we have
two major problems in Gaza:

00:41:55.560 --> 00:41:58.080
energy and water.

00:41:58.400 --> 00:42:00.760
And they're related.

00:42:00.880 --> 00:42:05.880
The UN Development Programme
has adopted a major project

00:42:05.960 --> 00:42:09.480
to achieve sustainable
development in Gaza,

00:42:09.560 --> 00:42:13.600
in order to ensure
continuous service

00:42:13.720 --> 00:42:17.760
in the health and education
sectors, among others.

00:42:23.320 --> 00:42:27.920
Our goal is for all hospitals
to receive enough power.

00:42:28.000 --> 00:42:31.360
Hopefully we will formulate
a plan

00:42:31.440 --> 00:42:34.560
to obtain
the necessary funding.

00:42:34.680 --> 00:42:37.760
One thing that affects
the project's implementation

00:42:37.840 --> 00:42:40.840
is our ability to bring
materials into Gaza.

00:42:40.920 --> 00:42:42.960
This is an issue
we cannot ignore.

00:42:43.040 --> 00:42:45.720
At the beginning,
after the design phase,

00:42:45.800 --> 00:42:48.760
we made up a list of supplies
and we cooperated

00:42:48.840 --> 00:42:52.000
with the access team
and the power authorities

00:42:52.080 --> 00:42:56.040
for their support
in getting supplies into Gaza.

00:42:56.120 --> 00:42:58.960
This process takes time,

00:42:59.040 --> 00:43:02.000
but it is something
that we have to tolerate

00:43:02.080 --> 00:43:05.400
in order to implement
the project.

00:43:05.520 --> 00:43:08.200
The situation
is to no one's benefit,

00:43:08.280 --> 00:43:10.800
neither the hospitals
nor the patients.

00:43:10.880 --> 00:43:14.600
We hope every day that
this issue gets resolved soon

00:43:14.720 --> 00:43:17.760
even if it's just a partial
or temporary solution.

00:43:18.720 --> 00:43:24.720
Hopefully this project will be
a starting point

00:43:24.800 --> 00:43:30.880
in helping Gaza residents
to live normal lives.

00:44:11.120 --> 00:44:14.760
I still have this beautiful
forest at my front door.

00:44:14.840 --> 00:44:18.120
Hambacher Forest
is thousands of years old.

00:44:18.200 --> 00:44:21.720
And now RWE
wants to cut it down.

00:44:22.360 --> 00:44:25.280
It's an ancient forest
that can't be replaced.

00:44:26.120 --> 00:44:28.440
12,600 years old.

00:44:37.720 --> 00:44:39.800
I first got involved

00:44:39.880 --> 00:44:44.320
during the major
forest occupation in 2012.

00:44:46.000 --> 00:44:48.720
That's when I began to support
the occupation.

00:44:48.800 --> 00:44:53.280
We all did, because we felt like
the forest belonged to us.

00:44:53.360 --> 00:44:57.480
So the citizens took
back the forest

00:44:57.560 --> 00:45:02.040
where they had always gone
to walk and to relax.

00:45:02.200 --> 00:45:06.720
In a way,
they took it back from RWE.

00:45:10.960 --> 00:45:14.440
This is the fourth blockade.

00:45:14.520 --> 00:45:18.320
I'm impressed every time
I look at your tree house.

00:45:18.400 --> 00:45:22.080
You don't use any
technology.

00:45:22.200 --> 00:45:24.600
No machines, no electricity,
no cranes.

00:45:24.720 --> 00:45:28.280
It's built entirely with
knowledge and physical strength.

00:45:28.360 --> 00:45:31.520
And with team work.

00:45:31.600 --> 00:45:35.920
Is this part of the forest under
threat of eviction?

00:45:36.680 --> 00:45:41.040
There isn't much forest left.
There is the highway.

00:45:41.880 --> 00:45:45.480
It's very possible they will
clear this area

00:45:45.560 --> 00:45:48.360
next year, from October
to March.

00:45:49.040 --> 00:45:50.280
We'll see.

00:45:51.120 --> 00:45:54.480
There will also be
a skill-share in October.

00:45:54.560 --> 00:45:57.320
If enough people come.

00:45:58.480 --> 00:46:00.360
It will be
all month long.

00:46:00.440 --> 00:46:03.160
And there's a new theme
every year.

00:46:03.240 --> 00:46:05.840
"No tree will fall"
is this year's theme,

00:46:05.920 --> 00:46:08.360
and "Fight for every metre".

00:46:08.440 --> 00:46:11.560
You made some nice
flyers for that.

00:46:26.280 --> 00:46:29.840
In North Rhine-Westphalia,
many cities are

00:46:29.920 --> 00:46:32.600
heavily invested in RWE,

00:46:32.720 --> 00:46:36.800
which has a major impact
on the region.

00:46:37.280 --> 00:46:42.160
And now Essen, Aachen
and Cologne

00:46:42.240 --> 00:46:45.680
are each trying to be the first
to sell their share.

00:46:45.760 --> 00:46:49.800
There are economic reasons
for divesting from RWE.

00:46:49.880 --> 00:46:52.160
The company is in debt.

00:46:52.240 --> 00:46:55.320
Corporate projections
for the coming decade

00:46:55.400 --> 00:46:57.680
are extremely bad,

00:46:57.760 --> 00:47:00.040
and the local districts

00:47:00.120 --> 00:47:03.360
will lose even more
if they hold on to the shares.

00:47:03.440 --> 00:47:08.400
Gronau recently sold their share
for economic reasons,

00:47:08.480 --> 00:47:11.600
even though there wasn't a
Fossil Free group there.

00:47:11.720 --> 00:47:17.320
The region of Osnabrück
is also thinking about selling.

00:47:17.880 --> 00:47:21.000
So we're hitting
the tipping point

00:47:21.080 --> 00:47:24.680
in a debate
that's already taking place.

00:47:24.760 --> 00:47:28.440
It makes economic sense

00:47:28.520 --> 00:47:31.600
and it's just completely
necessary.

00:47:38.360 --> 00:47:43.360
The Rhineland brown coal fields
are just one face

00:47:43.440 --> 00:47:46.120
of a much larger monster.

00:47:46.200 --> 00:47:51.680
We need to get to the root
or life force of this monster,

00:47:51.760 --> 00:47:54.600
by which I mean
the constant need

00:47:54.720 --> 00:47:57.320
to produce more and more.

00:47:59.840 --> 00:48:02.920
If we don't attack
the real issue,

00:48:03.600 --> 00:48:07.560
we may get away from coal
but we'll have other problems,

00:48:07.680 --> 00:48:11.880
like fracking, nuclear energy
and biofuels,

00:48:12.160 --> 00:48:15.280
if we don't get to the root
of the problem.

00:48:16.880 --> 00:48:20.960
We were really able
to get into that this year

00:48:21.040 --> 00:48:23.560
with the Degrowth Summer School.

00:48:45.600 --> 00:48:47.120
It's exciting.

00:48:47.200 --> 00:48:49.880
I think the Degrowth Conference
last year

00:48:49.960 --> 00:48:52.840
kickstarted a degrowth
or post-growth movement

00:48:52.920 --> 00:48:56.000
in Germany that criticizes
the idea of capitalism.

00:48:56.080 --> 00:48:58.520
Before, that would have been
hard to imagine

00:48:58.600 --> 00:49:01.680
but now the movement
has a more activist approach.

00:49:02.760 --> 00:49:05.800
In a global context,
the climate debate

00:49:05.880 --> 00:49:09.400
has been discussed in
terms of justice,

00:49:09.480 --> 00:49:12.600
but in the North, up until now,
it has primarily been

00:49:12.720 --> 00:49:14.840
an ecological matter.

00:49:14.920 --> 00:49:19.200
Now it has become much broader.

00:49:19.280 --> 00:49:21.680
It centres the whole
social question.

00:49:21.760 --> 00:49:25.400
This way, we can show
that growth is incompatible

00:49:25.480 --> 00:49:28.520
with a sustainable economy.

00:49:28.600 --> 00:49:30.840
The question then
is how to organize

00:49:30.920 --> 00:49:36.320
an economy without growth
that is socially just.

00:49:37.000 --> 00:49:40.280
The advantage
for the climate debate

00:49:40.360 --> 00:49:43.840
is its potential to mobilize
other communities

00:49:43.920 --> 00:49:46.600
and to have a goal
of transformation

00:49:46.720 --> 00:49:49.480
that isn't just about
cutting back

00:49:49.560 --> 00:49:53.320
but is also about
a positive vision of change.

00:49:54.240 --> 00:49:56.960
With civil disobedience,
we try to prevent

00:49:57.040 --> 00:50:00.040
the coal burning
and CO2 emissions

00:50:00.120 --> 00:50:02.560
directly at the source.

00:50:03.400 --> 00:50:07.800
We also try to spread the word
and get people involved.

00:50:08.720 --> 00:50:12.960
But where does this broad
support come from?

00:50:13.040 --> 00:50:17.600
The major environmental groups
that are against coal

00:50:18.360 --> 00:50:20.920
aren't building relationships.

00:50:21.160 --> 00:50:26.520
If we are advocating
not just for an end to coal

00:50:27.240 --> 00:50:30.720
but also to change ideas
about growth,

00:50:31.040 --> 00:50:34.760
we lose supporters for
the energy revolution

00:50:34.840 --> 00:50:39.280
and if we want to reach
a wider public,

00:50:39.360 --> 00:50:43.240
the focus must be limited
to just coal energy.

00:50:44.120 --> 00:50:47.880
They're afraid that a complex
criticism of the system

00:50:47.960 --> 00:50:51.280
will cause us
to lose public support

00:50:51.360 --> 00:50:53.520
for energy transformation.

00:50:54.760 --> 00:50:57.840
That's not what we want

00:50:57.920 --> 00:51:01.880
from progressive institutions
and organizations.

00:51:02.280 --> 00:51:06.440
We want to go beyond
that limited focus.

00:51:15.920 --> 00:51:19.520
One reason for being active
in the Rhineland,

00:51:19.600 --> 00:51:22.480
besides fighting coal,
is the many projects

00:51:22.560 --> 00:51:26.920
working for a socially
and ecologically just future.

00:51:27.160 --> 00:51:29.800
Close by is an eco-centre
that has been

00:51:29.880 --> 00:51:32.560
an important hub
for organizing and financing

00:51:32.680 --> 00:51:35.320
environmental projects
over the decades.

00:51:36.160 --> 00:51:39.120
It is home to many
interesting projects.

00:51:41.160 --> 00:51:43.320
This building opened in April,

00:51:43.400 --> 00:51:47.680
nearly 18 years after
the eco-centre was completed.

00:51:47.760 --> 00:51:50.840
It's great that the eco-centre
has grown and we have

00:51:50.920 --> 00:51:54.000
the North German Centre for
Sustainable Construction.

00:51:54.080 --> 00:51:58.280
And it is the biggest
straw-bale building in Germany?

00:51:58.360 --> 00:52:00.000
Or in Europe, was it?

00:52:00.600 --> 00:52:02.240
Yes, it is very special.

00:52:02.320 --> 00:52:06.400
It's the tallest direct-plaster
straw-bale house in Europe.

00:52:06.480 --> 00:52:09.360
We built it to show
what is possible.

00:52:10.320 --> 00:52:13.480
There are four storeys
and a basement.

00:52:13.560 --> 00:52:17.160
It's amazing,
it's so well insulated

00:52:17.240 --> 00:52:20.080
that you have
almost no heating costs.

00:52:20.160 --> 00:52:23.440
More and more people
from the region are coming here,

00:52:23.520 --> 00:52:26.560
both individuals and companies
who want to build

00:52:26.680 --> 00:52:28.240
in a sustainable manner,

00:52:28.360 --> 00:52:32.000
as well as cities and towns
that want something

00:52:32.080 --> 00:52:35.680
like a kindergarten
that is sustainably built.

00:52:35.760 --> 00:52:39.200
In Germany, when a building
claims to be sustainable

00:52:39.280 --> 00:52:41.040
you have to look closely

00:52:41.120 --> 00:52:44.520
because the polystyrene industry
and the concrete industry

00:52:44.600 --> 00:52:46.760
want to be able to use
this label,

00:52:46.840 --> 00:52:49.360
but that's not
sustainable construction.

00:52:49.440 --> 00:52:51.040
They're the very opposite

00:52:51.120 --> 00:52:53.560
of climate and environmental
protection.

00:52:53.680 --> 00:52:56.840
So it's important for me
that we come together here,

00:52:56.920 --> 00:52:59.680
that we have
sustainable builders

00:52:59.760 --> 00:53:03.280
and politically active people
here together,

00:53:03.360 --> 00:53:05.840
and they have a place
to educate others.

00:53:05.920 --> 00:53:08.880
Hundreds of people have come
here to do workshops,

00:53:08.960 --> 00:53:11.600
campaign, seek funding,
form action groups,

00:53:11.760 --> 00:53:15.000
trainings, media work,
all of that.

00:53:15.080 --> 00:53:17.840
Hundreds of people
have come here to learn

00:53:17.920 --> 00:53:19.120
how to make plaster,

00:53:19.200 --> 00:53:21.320
or how to build
a straw-bale house.

00:53:21.400 --> 00:53:26.280
It's an example of the kind of
alternative structures

00:53:26.360 --> 00:53:30.120
people can build
when they get together

00:53:30.200 --> 00:53:35.760
and think about how to create
a different society

00:53:35.840 --> 00:53:39.320
and try to make it happen
in many different ways,

00:53:39.400 --> 00:53:42.600
whether it's through things like
construction,

00:53:42.720 --> 00:53:47.840
self-organized communal living,
or making financial decisions.

00:53:58.320 --> 00:54:03.720
In 2000, after Germany enacted
the Renewable Energy Act,

00:54:03.800 --> 00:54:06.560
it gave a tremendous boost
for communities

00:54:06.720 --> 00:54:10.560
to put into place decentralized
sustainable-energy projects.

00:54:14.400 --> 00:54:17.000
The nearby
bioenergy village of Jühnde

00:54:17.080 --> 00:54:19.960
had been a pioneer in this area.

00:54:23.880 --> 00:54:26.720
We began in 2005,

00:54:26.800 --> 00:54:29.920
when we were the first
bioenergy village

00:54:30.000 --> 00:54:31.960
connected to the network.

00:54:33.080 --> 00:54:36.720
We supply the village
with heat only.

00:54:36.800 --> 00:54:41.760
The electricity we produce goes
to the regional electrical grid

00:54:41.840 --> 00:54:46.520
and we're reimbursed through
the German Renewable Energy Act.

00:54:46.600 --> 00:54:49.760
We didn't come up
with the idea,

00:54:49.840 --> 00:54:53.480
but after many conferences
and discussions

00:54:53.560 --> 00:54:56.200
on climate change,

00:54:56.320 --> 00:55:01.280
Germany ultimately signed
the Kyoto Protocol.

00:55:01.360 --> 00:55:05.920
As a result, the scientists
in Göttingen

00:55:06.000 --> 00:55:10.000
got to work and created
the Bioenergy Village project

00:55:10.120 --> 00:55:12.080
and we carry it out.

00:55:12.160 --> 00:55:14.480
So this came out of
the university.

00:55:14.600 --> 00:55:18.360
-That's right.
-It wasn't the village's idea.

00:55:18.440 --> 00:55:23.600
We took the idea
and put it into practice.

00:55:28.000 --> 00:55:30.880
Here we process manure,

00:55:30.960 --> 00:55:35.240
as well as
wood chips and silage.

00:55:35.320 --> 00:55:40.040
When it's fully fermented,

00:55:40.120 --> 00:55:43.160
it will be sent
back to the fields

00:55:43.240 --> 00:55:45.400
to be used again.

00:55:46.760 --> 00:55:49.600
Everything we bring in
from the fields

00:55:49.720 --> 00:55:52.520
is fermented here,
but the nutrients remain

00:55:52.680 --> 00:55:57.200
and they are sent back
to the fields.

00:56:00.160 --> 00:56:03.160
We were a precursor
to 160 more

00:56:03.240 --> 00:56:06.920
bioenergy villages
here in Germany

00:56:07.000 --> 00:56:10.600
and hopefully
there will be more.

00:56:10.760 --> 00:56:13.120
In Germany,
we have the potential

00:56:13.200 --> 00:56:16.000
for a thousand
bioenergy villages.

00:56:22.200 --> 00:56:25.400
Here is another community
project.

00:56:25.480 --> 00:56:29.000
After the bioenergy village
had gone so well

00:56:29.080 --> 00:56:33.920
the people here had more faith
in renewable energy.

00:56:34.080 --> 00:56:40.720
So they rented this roof to
produce solar energy

00:56:40.800 --> 00:56:43.200
using photovoltaic panels.

00:56:43.280 --> 00:56:45.600
We based the legal structure

00:56:45.720 --> 00:56:47.800
on that of
the bioenergy village,

00:56:47.880 --> 00:56:50.560
which was a cooperative.

00:56:50.680 --> 00:56:54.280
At first, some people wanted
to become a corporation

00:56:54.360 --> 00:56:58.400
but then we learned more about
the cooperative structure

00:56:58.480 --> 00:57:04.080
and we've found it to be
a good way to operate.

00:57:04.160 --> 00:57:06.240
In Germany today,

00:57:06.320 --> 00:57:09.360
there are 800
energy cooperatives

00:57:09.440 --> 00:57:13.480
and we try to provide support

00:57:13.560 --> 00:57:17.960
to anyone interested
in organizing their own.

00:57:59.800 --> 00:58:03.960
It's normal that when a town
is created and starts growing,

00:58:04.040 --> 00:58:06.680
it requires services.

00:58:08.160 --> 00:58:10.240
Saravena was established

00:58:10.320 --> 00:58:13.320
during the colonization
of the 1960s.

00:58:13.400 --> 00:58:15.920
The government was absent,

00:58:16.000 --> 00:58:21.080
so people began developing
their own services,

00:58:21.160 --> 00:58:26.480
building hospitals,
roads, schools and so on.

00:58:26.560 --> 00:58:32.200
They also built the water system
in the town of Saravena.

00:58:39.280 --> 00:58:43.080
Local, regional
and federal governments

00:58:43.200 --> 00:58:45.040
should create new jobs

00:58:45.120 --> 00:58:51.120
and more opportunities for work,
business, credit, and so on.

00:58:51.200 --> 00:58:54.080
Our country offers
many economic resources,

00:58:54.160 --> 00:58:57.120
but the government
does nothing.

00:58:57.200 --> 00:59:00.400
I believe this
is yet another point

00:59:00.480 --> 00:59:04.320
for us to struggle against
and to speak out about,

00:59:04.400 --> 00:59:07.120
in order to meet
the demand for jobs

00:59:07.200 --> 00:59:08.840
in this municipality.

00:59:21.160 --> 00:59:26.720
My life story is very common,
like anyone from around here.

00:59:28.920 --> 00:59:31.320
I am the son of colonists

00:59:31.400 --> 00:59:35.480
that came to this region
in the 1960s.

00:59:35.560 --> 00:59:39.080
They came from Santander.

00:59:39.160 --> 00:59:43.160
Displaced by violence,
they ended up here.

00:59:51.240 --> 00:59:57.240
I've worked almost all my life

00:59:57.320 --> 01:00:02.320
for the Saravena
water system company, ECCAS.

01:00:02.960 --> 01:00:07.800
ECCAS is a project
created by the campesinos,

01:00:07.880 --> 01:00:10.360
the residents of Saravena,

01:00:10.440 --> 01:00:13.760
which began
when the town was founded.

01:00:16.040 --> 01:00:21.120
Public companies,
private companies and the State

01:00:21.200 --> 01:00:23.720
fail to protect the environment.

01:00:23.800 --> 01:00:27.520
So it's our duty
as an organized community,

01:00:27.600 --> 01:00:30.840
a mass social movement,

01:00:30.920 --> 01:00:34.720
to continue
to protect the environment.

01:00:34.840 --> 01:00:41.280
ECCAS has become
the leading organization

01:00:41.360 --> 01:00:46.240
in terms of the Plan de Vida
and environmental protection.

01:00:47.720 --> 01:00:51.400
Overall, the reports
from the control authority

01:00:51.480 --> 01:00:56.320
have rated us very highly,
placing us number one

01:00:56.400 --> 01:00:59.320
in water quality
in the region.

01:01:08.200 --> 01:01:14.200
The social movement and ECCAS
are linked to ASCATIDAR:

01:01:14.320 --> 01:01:21.280
the regional association
of indigenous peoples.

01:01:21.560 --> 01:01:24.400
So we have
joined forces with them

01:01:24.480 --> 01:01:28.840
to protect the environment.

01:01:30.360 --> 01:01:34.680
They are the primary guardians
of the forest.

01:01:34.760 --> 01:01:38.080
The government has been
continually trying

01:01:38.160 --> 01:01:39.760
to steal their land,

01:01:39.840 --> 01:01:42.120
to expand
agricultural boundaries

01:01:42.200 --> 01:01:44.760
and also for oil exploitation.

01:01:55.720 --> 01:01:59.720
Regarding the advancing
multinationals,

01:01:59.800 --> 01:02:04.920
the political design
established by each government

01:02:05.000 --> 01:02:08.240
was against
our collective interests

01:02:08.320 --> 01:02:10.920
and against our land.

01:02:11.000 --> 01:02:17.320
The biodiversity we have
is a heritage no one else has.

01:02:20.480 --> 01:02:23.280
We, the indigenous peoples,
have concluded

01:02:23.360 --> 01:02:25.240
that if we don't challenge

01:02:25.320 --> 01:02:29.080
the government
and the extractivist model,

01:02:29.160 --> 01:02:32.240
we would be accepting the defeat

01:02:32.320 --> 01:02:35.840
of cultural
and spiritual principles

01:02:35.920 --> 01:02:39.880
that are ours by right.

01:02:39.960 --> 01:02:41.680
Today, more than ever,

01:02:41.760 --> 01:02:45.040
we must use our autonomy
and ancestral laws.

01:02:45.120 --> 01:02:49.360
And the millennium mandate
giving us maximum authority

01:02:49.440 --> 01:02:53.920
has called out to the peoples,
saying that it is necessary

01:02:54.000 --> 01:02:57.600
to take to the streets
in social disobedience.

01:02:57.720 --> 01:02:59.680
The Araucan people
have understood

01:02:59.760 --> 01:03:01.720
that without organized struggle,

01:03:01.800 --> 01:03:04.280
rights and lives
are not guaranteed,

01:03:04.360 --> 01:03:10.000
let alone access to our land
and to dignified freedom.

01:03:30.040 --> 01:03:31.920
How are you, friend?

01:03:35.560 --> 01:03:37.400
We're on strike

01:03:37.480 --> 01:03:42.000
and we're demonstrating that
this is a legitimate protest,

01:03:42.080 --> 01:03:46.880
but above all,
that order is important to us

01:03:46.960 --> 01:03:49.720
and we keep it
through the civic guard.

01:03:49.800 --> 01:03:53.280
Long live
the Sarare civic guard!

01:03:55.240 --> 01:03:56.800
It's common knowledge

01:03:56.880 --> 01:03:59.720
that the government
is negotiating

01:03:59.800 --> 01:04:02.480
with the FARC

01:04:02.560 --> 01:04:05.400
and entering into talks
with the ELN.

01:04:05.480 --> 01:04:07.040
But for us,

01:04:07.120 --> 01:04:10.160
as communities organized
around social movements,

01:04:10.280 --> 01:04:12.680
there isn't a glimpse of hope.

01:04:12.760 --> 01:04:15.280
That's why we demand

01:04:15.360 --> 01:04:19.120
that the State negotiate
with us as social movements,

01:04:19.200 --> 01:04:22.080
because we have many demands

01:04:22.160 --> 01:04:25.880
regarding social investment
and the State's obligations

01:04:25.960 --> 01:04:28.440
it has never delivered on.

01:04:35.480 --> 01:04:38.680
We understand that
if we are having a dialogue

01:04:38.760 --> 01:04:42.080
and we are nearing a political
solution of the conflict,

01:04:42.160 --> 01:04:44.160
then it should be recognized

01:04:44.240 --> 01:04:48.000
that the social leaders
and the social organizations

01:04:48.080 --> 01:04:51.320
are representatives
of the communities,

01:04:51.400 --> 01:04:55.320
and not terrorists
as they have been labeling us

01:04:55.440 --> 01:05:00.080
in various mass media platforms
and in State institutions.

01:05:06.040 --> 01:05:09.760
The Mass Social and Political
Movement of the Centre-East

01:05:09.840 --> 01:05:13.560
consists of five
large social sectors:

01:05:13.680 --> 01:05:17.240
the civic-popular sector;
the labour-union sector;

01:05:17.320 --> 01:05:21.360
the youth-student sector;
the indigenous sector;

01:05:21.440 --> 01:05:25.080
and the campesino-cooperative
sector.

01:05:26.160 --> 01:05:31.600
Each one has different
organizations and unions

01:05:31.720 --> 01:05:36.680
that send their delegates
to our people's assemblies.

01:05:36.760 --> 01:05:40.400
There we analyze the situation

01:05:40.480 --> 01:05:45.040
and discuss our proposals
based on the Plan de Vida,

01:05:45.120 --> 01:05:51.080
reaching joint solutions
for our many regional problems.

01:06:00.680 --> 01:06:04.040
Historically,
as a mass movement,

01:06:04.120 --> 01:06:08.600
we've organized all sorts
of strikes, meetings, protests,

01:06:08.720 --> 01:06:11.160
to show our frustration.

01:06:11.240 --> 01:06:17.000
Support for these activities
comes from the cooperatives

01:06:17.080 --> 01:06:21.720
and economic projects
built by our organizations

01:06:21.840 --> 01:06:23.240
and by the campesinos

01:06:23.320 --> 01:06:26.240
who support our movement
on a regular basis.

01:06:29.520 --> 01:06:32.840
These mobilizations
are supported

01:06:32.920 --> 01:06:36.200
with contributions
from these productive projects.

01:06:36.280 --> 01:06:39.800
Who donates plantains and yuca
for a protest?

01:06:39.880 --> 01:06:41.040
The campesinos.

01:06:41.160 --> 01:06:46.080
Meat is donated by the ranchers,
the meat production co-ops.

01:06:47.360 --> 01:06:49.680
Each trade union,

01:06:49.760 --> 01:06:52.920
in addition to providing
people for the movement,

01:06:53.000 --> 01:06:57.160
contributes with the economy
we have historically developed

01:06:57.240 --> 01:06:59.960
to maintain
social mobilization.

01:07:09.600 --> 01:07:15.120
The Mass Social and Political
Movement of the Centre-East

01:07:15.200 --> 01:07:19.360
still doesn't have much access
to the Internet.

01:07:19.440 --> 01:07:23.800
So our movement
created a newspaper called

01:07:23.920 --> 01:07:26.880
Trochando Sin Fronteras.

01:07:26.960 --> 01:07:33.160
It is published every two months
with a print run of 3000 copies.

01:07:33.240 --> 01:07:36.960
They are distributed and shared
among the campesinos.

01:07:37.040 --> 01:07:39.160
-How are you, Fidel?
-Hello!

01:07:40.680 --> 01:07:44.680
-The newspaper is ready.
-Ok, let's take a look.

01:07:49.200 --> 01:07:52.240
We've made progress in this way,

01:07:52.320 --> 01:07:56.200
because every community
has a platform to communicate.

01:07:56.280 --> 01:08:00.600
A community radio station,
a newspaper, a website,

01:08:00.720 --> 01:08:03.680
where they can circulate
their proposals.

01:08:03.760 --> 01:08:07.480
Because the communities
are not just

01:08:07.560 --> 01:08:11.760
crying and complaining
about what's happening.

01:08:11.840 --> 01:08:14.680
They are saying,
"Here is our proposal,

01:08:14.760 --> 01:08:19.240
"this is what we are building,
and this is why we won't leave."

01:08:26.800 --> 01:08:30.120
All of our economic
and social activities

01:08:30.200 --> 01:08:34.000
are always organized
with a community focus

01:08:34.080 --> 01:08:37.480
and a goal
of economic solidarity.

01:08:43.680 --> 01:08:45.880
If we talk
about public services,

01:08:45.960 --> 01:08:52.680
we have at the moment
17 companies and co-ops

01:08:52.760 --> 01:08:55.880
that provide
water system services

01:08:55.960 --> 01:08:58.400
in urban and rural areas.

01:09:15.240 --> 01:09:19.160
We don't need national
transportation companies here,

01:09:19.240 --> 01:09:21.880
because we have
a transport cooperative

01:09:22.000 --> 01:09:25.360
here in the region,
called COTRANSARARE,

01:09:25.440 --> 01:09:28.200
for both cargo and passengers.

01:09:35.040 --> 01:09:41.280
We have cacao co-ops,
such as Chocolate La Delicia.

01:09:42.240 --> 01:09:48.000
This co-op processes
the raw material, the chocolate,

01:09:48.080 --> 01:09:52.240
because the multinationals
take our chocolate away.

01:09:55.040 --> 01:09:59.040
So we started our own company,
Chocolate La Delicia.

01:10:10.760 --> 01:10:15.560
We also have COAGROSARARE,
for marketing products.

01:10:15.680 --> 01:10:19.000
It buys produce
from the campesinos

01:10:19.080 --> 01:10:21.760
as well as products
from other regions,

01:10:21.840 --> 01:10:24.800
managing the commercial exchange

01:10:24.880 --> 01:10:30.160
so the campesinos
get a much better deal.

01:10:37.920 --> 01:10:39.720
Providing public services

01:10:39.800 --> 01:10:43.040
through economic solidarity
and communal companies

01:10:43.120 --> 01:10:46.680
is much more cost-effective,
with much higher quality,

01:10:46.760 --> 01:10:49.440
and we can protect
the environment

01:10:49.520 --> 01:10:54.400
and prevent multinationals
from coming here

01:10:54.480 --> 01:10:56.760
and taking what is ours.

01:11:25.480 --> 01:11:27.400
A permanent and radical solution

01:11:27.480 --> 01:11:29.840
is one that would help us
to be independent,

01:11:29.920 --> 01:11:33.360
to face the problems
and our current circumstances

01:11:33.440 --> 01:11:35.280
in a much better way,

01:11:35.360 --> 01:11:38.880
and to reach a solution
that would help us live

01:11:39.000 --> 01:11:40.800
a normal life in Gaza.

01:11:58.560 --> 01:12:03.280
The social movement promotes
a relationship of brotherhood

01:12:03.360 --> 01:12:05.840
and solidarity
among the participants,

01:12:05.920 --> 01:12:07.360
which gives us strength

01:12:07.440 --> 01:12:11.040
to continue this transformation
process together.

01:12:11.120 --> 01:12:14.120
This is our true purpose.
To defend life.

01:12:14.200 --> 01:12:18.560
The life in this territory,
which has given us everything.

01:12:32.920 --> 01:12:36.920
I find it fulfilling,
whether or not we succeed

01:12:37.000 --> 01:12:42.080
in achieving social justice
worldwide

01:12:42.160 --> 01:12:44.360
and stopping climate change.

01:12:44.440 --> 01:12:47.560
We can't just stand by and
let these things happen.

01:12:47.680 --> 01:12:49.360
We have to act.

01:12:49.440 --> 01:12:52.520
Regardless of where we are
or which fight we choose

01:12:52.600 --> 01:12:54.080
we need to keep fighting

01:12:54.160 --> 01:12:57.200
to make the world
a better place.