WEBVTT

00:00:13.240 --> 00:00:46.920
♪

00:00:46.920 --> 00:00:51.320
(speaking Spanish)

00:01:38.120 --> 00:02:11.720
♪

00:02:15.520 --> 00:02:20.120
♪

00:02:20.120 --> 00:02:23.200
It was the Spanish Civil War
that brought Francisco Franco

00:02:23.200 --> 00:02:26.040
to power when the army
rose in revolt against

00:02:26.040 --> 00:02:28.280
the left-wing
Republican government.

00:02:28.280 --> 00:02:30.880
For three years, the
savage conflict raged,

00:02:30.880 --> 00:02:34.800
devastating the country,
killing over half a million

00:02:34.800 --> 00:02:37.200
soldiers and civilians.

00:02:37.200 --> 00:02:41.480
♪

00:02:41.480 --> 00:02:45.920
There are an estimated
120,000 missing people

00:02:45.920 --> 00:02:48.320
buried in unmarked mass graves

00:02:48.320 --> 00:02:51.280
all along the roads of Spain.

00:02:51.280 --> 00:02:55.840
These invisible roadside ditches
are filled with the victims

00:02:55.840 --> 00:02:59.080
of Franco\'s death squads.

00:02:59.080 --> 00:03:01.400
Today, the families
of the disappeared

00:03:01.400 --> 00:03:03.880
lead a grassroots
movement to uncover

00:03:03.880 --> 00:03:06.800
and identify the bones
of their loved ones

00:03:06.800 --> 00:03:11.520
with little to no help
from the Spanish government.

00:03:11.520 --> 00:03:14.680
The search for unmarked
graves is also a metaphor

00:03:14.680 --> 00:03:19.360
for exhuming Spain\'s
painful history.

00:03:19.360 --> 00:03:23.000
But how can a country
excavate a past

00:03:23.000 --> 00:03:25.760
that has been so deeply buried?

00:03:25.760 --> 00:03:29.080
♪

00:04:28.840 --> 00:04:31.720
(gunshots firing)

00:04:31.720 --> 00:04:32.680
♪

00:04:32.680 --> 00:04:34.840
Franco\'s nationalists
were supported by Hitler

00:04:34.840 --> 00:04:38.120
and Mussolini with planes,
tanks, and troops.

00:04:38.120 --> 00:04:41.680
The nationalists won, and
both supporters and critics

00:04:41.680 --> 00:04:46.040
called Francisco Franco
the Spanish Hitler.

00:04:46.040 --> 00:04:49.520
(crowd cheering)

00:04:51.160 --> 00:04:55.520
(speaking Spanish)

00:04:59.840 --> 00:05:02.600
Everyone knows
Federico Garcia Lorca

00:05:02.600 --> 00:05:03.680
was an important Spanish poet,

00:05:03.680 --> 00:05:07.480
that he was a victim
of the Spanish Civil War,

00:05:07.480 --> 00:05:11.400
of the very brutal repression

00:05:11.400 --> 00:05:14.320
at the hands of the fascists.

00:05:14.320 --> 00:05:18.360
And that\'s to say

00:05:18.360 --> 00:05:21.440
what a lot of people know.

00:05:21.440 --> 00:05:24.720
Maybe a lot of people,
not much else.

00:06:16.000 --> 00:06:33.840
♪

00:06:33.840 --> 00:06:38.560
Federico Garcia Lorca is the
best known victim of Francismo,

00:06:38.560 --> 00:06:42.680
and possibly the world\'s
most famous missing person.

00:06:42.680 --> 00:06:46.920
But for the most part, we have
little official information

00:06:46.920 --> 00:06:49.520
on either Franco\'s victims

00:06:49.520 --> 00:06:52.040
or their tortures.

00:06:52.040 --> 00:06:54.240
In Barcelona, tourists
and locals alike

00:06:54.240 --> 00:06:58.000
visit the castle on Montjuiïc,
but rarely learn that

00:06:58.000 --> 00:07:01.520
countless people were
imprisoned and tortured here,

00:07:01.520 --> 00:07:05.920
and then executed along the
wall of the castle\'s moat.

00:07:05.920 --> 00:07:08.880
In fact, we cannot really
comprehend the scale

00:07:08.880 --> 00:07:11.160
of repression
throughout the country

00:07:11.160 --> 00:07:13.040
from the beginning
of the Civil War

00:07:13.040 --> 00:07:16.360
to the end of the
Franco dictatorship.

00:07:16.360 --> 00:07:18.480
♪

00:07:18.480 --> 00:07:22.360
What we do know is that
every basic human right

00:07:22.360 --> 00:07:26.680
was trampled on with
deliberate cruelty.

00:07:26.680 --> 00:07:30.800
♪

00:08:13.600 --> 00:08:21.680
♪

00:08:21.680 --> 00:08:24.880
Today in Spain, over half a
million Republican prisoners

00:08:24.880 --> 00:08:27.440
are still in the hands
of their fascist jailers.

00:08:27.440 --> 00:08:30.360
Franco and the Falangists
ordered the execution of over

00:08:30.360 --> 00:08:34.560
a million Republican prisoners
during the Spanish War.

00:08:34.560 --> 00:08:37.280
Today, those remaining
in Falangist prisons

00:08:37.280 --> 00:08:39.440
were the least active
of those who opposed

00:08:39.440 --> 00:08:43.160
the rise of Franco\'s
fascists to power.

00:08:43.160 --> 00:08:45.640
♪

00:08:45.640 --> 00:08:48.320
And in sparing the
lives of even these,

00:08:48.320 --> 00:08:50.800
Franco\'s regime feels
it has been lenient,

00:08:50.800 --> 00:08:53.560
but only complete submission
and repentance on the part

00:08:53.560 --> 00:08:58.720
of their prisoners can satisfy
the new rulers of the new Spain.

00:08:58.720 --> 00:09:05.280
♪

00:10:55.080 --> 00:10:59.280
(groaning)

00:11:52.360 --> 00:11:56.720
(speaking Spanish)

00:11:59.840 --> 00:12:10.480
♪

00:12:10.480 --> 00:12:15.200
He lived his sexuality
with a lot of freedom.

00:12:15.200 --> 00:12:16.880
Of course, freedom within

00:12:16.880 --> 00:12:20.120
what a conservative society is.

00:12:20.120 --> 00:12:24.760
And what was important
about his being gay

00:12:24.760 --> 00:12:29.360
in terms of his work is
how that particular kind

00:12:29.360 --> 00:12:31.240
of exclusion served him

00:12:31.240 --> 00:12:35.000
to talk about exclusion
in general.

00:12:51.080 --> 00:12:53.400
(horn honking)

00:12:53.400 --> 00:12:56.480
(indistinct remarks)

00:12:56.480 --> 00:12:58.640
♪

00:12:58.640 --> 00:13:03.080
He had this theater
company, La Barraca.

00:13:03.080 --> 00:13:07.120
And they went
into remote villages

00:13:07.120 --> 00:13:10.400
throughout Spain
from north to south

00:13:10.400 --> 00:13:12.640
performing the classics.

00:13:12.640 --> 00:13:16.320
In places where there were no
radios, where there was nothing,

00:13:16.320 --> 00:13:20.440
and to see suddenly
these amazing plays.

00:13:20.440 --> 00:13:23.920
(singing in Spanish)

00:13:23.920 --> 00:13:25.560
Federico was the director.

00:13:25.560 --> 00:13:30.120
Salvador Dali did
some of the sets.

00:13:30.120 --> 00:13:33.320
It was a very important
thing they did,

00:13:33.320 --> 00:13:36.040
bringing art to the people.

00:13:36.040 --> 00:14:02.800
♪

00:14:02.800 --> 00:14:06.320
(crowd cheering)

00:14:57.600 --> 00:15:02.000
(singing in foreign language)

00:15:02.000 --> 00:15:03.080
♪

00:15:03.080 --> 00:15:05.320
The door to liberation
had opened for women

00:15:05.320 --> 00:15:08.800
during the Spanish Republic
only to slam shut and remain

00:15:08.800 --> 00:15:13.400
locked for the four
long decades of fascism.

00:15:13.400 --> 00:15:15.800
Women were subjugated
to their husbands,

00:15:15.800 --> 00:15:18.680
forced to attend wifehood
and motherhood classes

00:15:18.680 --> 00:15:23.640
run by the Catholic Church, and
were denied access to divorce

00:15:23.640 --> 00:15:27.520
and birth control
to guarantee no escape.

00:15:27.520 --> 00:15:30.000
And lesbians, what
was it like for them?

00:15:30.000 --> 00:15:33.360
Independent women swimming
powerfully against the tide

00:15:33.360 --> 00:15:39.280
in the 1930s only to drown
in the tsunami of fascism.

00:16:40.880 --> 00:16:43.840
♪

00:16:57.200 --> 00:17:03.560
♪

00:20:46.520 --> 00:20:53.640
♪

00:20:53.640 --> 00:20:58.040
(speaking Spanish)

00:21:18.640 --> 00:21:23.840
♪

00:21:27.280 --> 00:21:35.240
♪

00:21:41.040 --> 00:21:50.720
♪

00:21:50.720 --> 00:21:53.560
They lived in the
middle of this valley,

00:21:53.560 --> 00:21:54.720
the Vega of Granada,

00:21:54.720 --> 00:21:59.080
which is an
extraordinary landscape.

00:21:59.080 --> 00:22:02.880
That\'s very present
throughout his work.

00:22:02.880 --> 00:22:07.640
Granada has that strong
presence in many senses

00:22:07.640 --> 00:22:10.760
with all that a small city has

00:22:10.760 --> 00:22:13.600
seen suffocating,
and this has always been

00:22:13.600 --> 00:22:15.680
an extremely conservative city.

00:22:15.680 --> 00:22:19.320
He, of course, felt the
need to leave Granada,

00:22:19.320 --> 00:22:22.880
but he kept coming back, he was
extremely attached to this.

00:22:22.880 --> 00:22:26.880
This was a source
of inspiration.

00:22:51.240 --> 00:22:55.600
(speaking Spanish)

00:23:11.680 --> 00:23:21.480
♪

00:23:21.480 --> 00:23:25.240
Well, this house,
they came while Federico

00:23:25.240 --> 00:23:28.280
was here with my grandparents.

00:23:28.280 --> 00:23:29.640
♪

00:23:29.640 --> 00:23:34.440
This is Federico\'s
bedroom where he wrote

00:23:34.440 --> 00:23:37.920
a lot of his most
important works.

00:23:37.920 --> 00:23:41.400
The fascists came
to search the house.

00:23:41.400 --> 00:23:45.520
Actually ripped the piano open,
because they thought

00:23:45.520 --> 00:23:49.320
that Lorca had a radio
where he was communicating

00:23:49.320 --> 00:23:52.440
with the Soviet Union.

00:23:52.440 --> 00:23:56.480
And he wasn\'t here either
of the two times they came.

00:23:56.480 --> 00:23:58.720
It\'s amazing, but
that\'s what happened.

00:23:58.720 --> 00:24:01.800
And then they got
together in the house.

00:24:01.800 --> 00:24:04.400
He came back and my grandfather
said, \"Look, you know,

00:24:04.400 --> 00:24:06.560
it really looks like
you\'re in danger.

00:24:06.560 --> 00:24:11.280
There are different
things that we can do.\"

00:24:41.160 --> 00:24:44.480
And when they were
out one afternoon,

00:24:44.480 --> 00:24:48.480
the--he was taken.

00:24:48.480 --> 00:24:50.920
♪

00:24:50.920 --> 00:24:54.560
(speaking Spanish)

00:24:55.720 --> 00:25:21.400
♪

00:26:24.440 --> 00:26:27.240
The deep scars and bitter
memories of the Civil War

00:26:27.240 --> 00:26:30.880
gradually fade from the
cities and the countryside

00:26:30.880 --> 00:26:34.120
as the nation undergoes
an economic rebirth.

00:26:34.120 --> 00:26:36.480
Spain is predominantly
agricultural,

00:26:36.480 --> 00:26:39.480
and change comes slowly,
but it does come,

00:26:39.480 --> 00:26:42.400
stimulated in great
measure by financial help

00:26:42.400 --> 00:26:44.760
from the United States.

00:26:44.760 --> 00:26:48.520
Despite Franco\'s totalitarian
rule, the United States

00:26:48.520 --> 00:26:51.640
seeks out Spain as an ally.

00:26:51.640 --> 00:26:54.320
Franco receives arms
and economic aid,

00:26:54.320 --> 00:26:57.000
and America, in turn,
is permitted the use

00:26:57.000 --> 00:27:00.720
of Spanish air and naval bases.

00:27:01.520 --> 00:27:05.040
Tourism contributes also
to the revitalization

00:27:05.040 --> 00:27:06.880
of the economy of Franco Spain.

00:27:06.880 --> 00:27:10.080
The action, color, and
excitement of the bull ring,

00:27:10.080 --> 00:27:14.280
the history, the pageantry,
the majesty of fabled Spain

00:27:14.280 --> 00:27:18.920
combine to attract tens of
thousands of visitors each year.

00:27:18.920 --> 00:27:23.320
(crowd screaming)

00:28:12.480 --> 00:28:32.720
♪

00:29:28.560 --> 00:29:32.720
(bells chiming)

00:30:56.800 --> 00:30:58.400
Spain\'s jails are still full.

00:30:58.400 --> 00:31:02.560
Official figures alone show that
over 2,000 people were arrested

00:31:02.560 --> 00:31:06.840
in the first six months of 1971,
and held without trial.

00:31:06.840 --> 00:31:12.400
This indeed is the Spain
which the tourists do not see.

00:32:06.280 --> 00:32:10.320
Carabanchel Prison in Madrid
was a notorious symbol

00:32:10.320 --> 00:32:12.760
of fascist repression.

00:32:12.760 --> 00:32:15.320
Built after the
Spanish Civil War

00:32:15.320 --> 00:32:17.360
by the very political prisoners

00:32:17.360 --> 00:32:19.480
who would be incarcerated there

00:32:19.480 --> 00:32:23.200
throughout the Franco regime.

00:32:23.200 --> 00:32:25.360
Political prisoners
were segregated

00:32:25.360 --> 00:32:28.160
from social prisoners,
a term referring

00:32:28.160 --> 00:32:32.480
to anyone found guilty
of committing a crime.

00:32:32.480 --> 00:32:36.760
As social prisoners, gay men
were treated as common criminals

00:32:36.760 --> 00:32:39.920
and often thrown in
with hardened felons

00:32:39.920 --> 00:32:42.280
such as murderers,

00:32:42.280 --> 00:32:44.800
rapists, and thieves.

00:32:44.800 --> 00:32:47.800
(indistinct conversations)

00:32:47.800 --> 00:32:51.000
(metal door rattling)

00:32:52.320 --> 00:32:54.920
(door creaking)

00:32:54.920 --> 00:32:57.880
(footsteps)

00:33:44.200 --> 00:33:47.120
♪

00:33:47.120 --> 00:33:51.480
(speaking Spanish)

00:33:59.000 --> 00:34:01.240
Franco is now 78 years old,

00:34:01.240 --> 00:34:04.480
hence, he named Prince
Juan Carlos of Borbón

00:34:04.480 --> 00:34:08.040
as his heir and future
king of Spain.

00:34:08.040 --> 00:34:10.080
(applause)

00:34:10.080 --> 00:34:13.680
At 33, Juan Carlos waits
to inherit the throne

00:34:13.680 --> 00:34:16.840
since only Franco\'s death
will give him the crown.

00:34:16.840 --> 00:34:21.000
But the problems in store for
this royal family are big ones,

00:34:21.000 --> 00:34:24.240
for no one knows if the new
generation of Spaniards

00:34:24.240 --> 00:34:28.000
will remain passive
once Franco has gone.

00:34:28.000 --> 00:34:32.240
Francisco Franco, 82,
dictator of Spain for 36 years,

00:34:32.240 --> 00:34:34.120
lay in state tonight
in his palace.

00:34:34.120 --> 00:34:36.920
In Madrid, the Generalísimo\'s
passing was marked

00:34:36.920 --> 00:34:40.000
by artillery salvos
every 15 minutes,

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:42.760
and these will continue
until he goes to his grave

00:34:42.760 --> 00:34:44.640
on Sunday in the
Valley of the Fallen,

00:34:44.640 --> 00:34:49.560
the monument Franco had built
after the Spanish Civil War.

00:34:49.560 --> 00:34:52.400
♪

00:35:33.200 --> 00:35:37.600
(indistinct remarks)

00:35:58.440 --> 00:36:02.880
(mixed conversations)

00:36:03.200 --> 00:36:05.480
A last testament
released after his death,

00:36:05.480 --> 00:36:07.680
Franco warned against
Spain\'s enemies,

00:36:07.680 --> 00:36:12.920
and said his authoritarian
policies must continue.

00:36:12.920 --> 00:36:15.120
At a rally and march last night,

00:36:15.120 --> 00:36:17.280
party members
rededicated themselves

00:36:17.280 --> 00:36:21.200
to the policies
of Franco\'s regime.

00:36:21.200 --> 00:36:26.040
And vowed to defend
them at whatever cost.

00:36:26.840 --> 00:36:30.680
The conspiracy of silence
settled like a thick, gray fog

00:36:30.680 --> 00:36:35.000
refusing to budge until
long after Franco\'s death.

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:38.160
Politicians on the right
and the left colluded

00:36:38.160 --> 00:36:40.280
in an unwritten
Pacto del Olvido.

00:36:40.280 --> 00:36:45.360
An agreement that Spain\'s
painful past be best forgotten.

00:36:45.360 --> 00:36:47.240
Those on the left
demanded amnesty

00:36:47.240 --> 00:36:51.920
for the many political prisoners
crowding Franco\'s jails.

00:36:51.920 --> 00:36:55.000
But the Amnesty Law of 1977

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:58.720
came to be seen by some
as a devil\'s bargain,

00:36:58.720 --> 00:37:01.640
because it also
absolved the Francistas

00:37:01.640 --> 00:37:04.520
of their crimes
against humanity.

00:37:04.520 --> 00:37:09.040
The Amnesty Law was a first
cousin to the Pacto del Olvido,

00:37:09.040 --> 00:37:12.560
conflating the concepts
of amnesty and amnesia

00:37:12.560 --> 00:37:17.000
tightly together in
the national psyche.

00:40:12.640 --> 00:40:16.280
(speaking in Spanish)

00:40:36.600 --> 00:40:38.400
(indistinct chatter)

00:42:04.400 --> 00:42:06.800
Under pressure
from the Grassroots

00:42:06.800 --> 00:42:08.640
Historical Memory Movement,

00:42:08.640 --> 00:42:11.560
the law for the Recovery
of Historical Memory

00:42:11.560 --> 00:42:13.880
was passed in 2007.

00:42:13.880 --> 00:42:17.000
It acknowledged that
there were in fact victims

00:42:17.000 --> 00:42:20.200
on both sides,
and it ordered the removal

00:42:20.200 --> 00:42:22.760
of tributes to Franco
with the exception

00:42:22.760 --> 00:42:24.600
of those on church property.

00:42:24.600 --> 00:42:27.560
So the government of Spain
finally admitted

00:42:27.560 --> 00:42:28.920
that there were victims,

00:42:28.920 --> 00:42:31.320
but not that
there were perpetrators.

00:42:31.320 --> 00:42:34.840
The state essentially
pardoned itself for its crimes.

00:42:34.840 --> 00:42:40.000
No murderers have been
brought to trial nor will be.

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:42.440
No government official
has apologized

00:42:42.440 --> 00:42:46.240
to the victims
or their families.

00:44:14.160 --> 00:44:17.680
In today\'s news,
Spain is again at the center

00:44:17.680 --> 00:44:18.880
of European crisis...

00:44:18.880 --> 00:44:22.600
For the Recovery
of Historic Memory...

00:44:22.600 --> 00:44:25.120
Who lies in
the unmarked mass graves...

00:44:25.120 --> 00:44:26.400
But as these graves
are exhumed...

00:44:26.400 --> 00:44:28.280
In spite of official attempts
to block their efforts...

00:44:28.280 --> 00:44:33.640
The country may be forced
to confront its bloody past.

00:44:33.640 --> 00:44:36.680
Mass graves continue
to be excavated...

00:44:36.680 --> 00:44:40.400
(mixed remarks)

00:45:35.760 --> 00:46:20.680
♪

00:46:22.680 --> 00:46:25.800
(speaking in Spanish)

00:48:13.160 --> 00:48:16.280
(siren beeping)

00:48:59.400 --> 00:49:01.840
We\'re the second country
after Cambodia

00:49:01.840 --> 00:49:03.000
with the most disappearance,

00:49:03.000 --> 00:49:05.360
and my grandfather
is one of them.

00:49:05.360 --> 00:49:07.000
He\'s in one mass grave.

00:49:07.000 --> 00:49:11.080
In 2010, I managed to find him,

00:49:11.080 --> 00:49:15.120
and I know exactly in
which mass grave he\'s buried

00:49:15.120 --> 00:49:16.080
in (unintelligible), right,

00:49:16.080 --> 00:49:17.480
but we\'re not allowed
to unbury him

00:49:17.480 --> 00:49:19.880
and give him a decent burial,
because the government,

00:49:19.880 --> 00:49:21.800
who\'s governing
this country now,

00:49:21.800 --> 00:49:23.040
they\'re the inheritants
of Franco,

00:49:23.040 --> 00:49:27.520
so they don\'t wanna touch
anything to do with the past.

00:49:27.520 --> 00:49:31.200
According to them, it\'s like
unburying the wounds again,

00:49:31.200 --> 00:49:33.760
and they don\'t
understand that, for us,

00:49:33.760 --> 00:49:35.080
it\'s the other way around.

00:49:35.080 --> 00:49:40.600
We need to unbury them to heal.

00:49:40.600 --> 00:49:43.240
(singing in Spanish)

00:49:43.240 --> 00:50:50.040
♪

00:50:55.440 --> 00:50:58.520
(speaking in Spanish)

00:51:07.600 --> 00:51:09.160
♪

00:51:09.160 --> 00:51:14.120
Today, they\'ve discovered
a new document

00:51:14.120 --> 00:51:16.400
from 1965...

00:51:16.400 --> 00:51:20.400
from the government,
which was never made public.

00:51:20.400 --> 00:51:24.840
♪

00:51:55.680 --> 00:51:59.880
The term used, they said,

00:51:59.880 --> 00:52:04.920
\"homosexualism\"
and \"aberrations\"

00:52:04.920 --> 00:52:07.640
that are publically known.

00:52:07.640 --> 00:52:22.000
♪

00:52:22.720 --> 00:52:26.040
Federico Garcia Lorca
functions paradoxically

00:52:26.040 --> 00:52:29.160
as both establishment
face of democratic Spain

00:52:29.160 --> 00:52:32.760
and as the ultimate
contracultural gay symbol.

00:52:32.760 --> 00:52:36.280
As if there were only room
in the cultural register

00:52:36.280 --> 00:52:38.320
for one queer icon at a time,

00:52:38.320 --> 00:52:40.520
Lorca\'s renown
has eclipsed the stories

00:52:40.520 --> 00:52:44.400
of once prominent
lesbian writers and artists

00:52:44.400 --> 00:52:47.280
of the Spanish Republic.

00:52:48.880 --> 00:52:51.280
The many lesbians
who disappeared

00:52:51.280 --> 00:52:53.480
into the mists of history

00:52:53.480 --> 00:52:57.760
are in essence
cultural desaparecidas.

00:54:03.560 --> 00:54:08.240
Margarita Xirgu was already
then a very well-known actress

00:54:08.240 --> 00:54:12.760
who loved Lorca\'s work
from the start

00:54:12.760 --> 00:54:14.720
and wanted to help him,
so her presence

00:54:14.720 --> 00:54:18.640
when he started as a playwright
was very important,

00:54:18.640 --> 00:54:22.200
because she already
had a big name,

00:54:22.200 --> 00:54:25.120
and she believed in him
and followed him

00:54:25.120 --> 00:54:27.520
until the very end.

00:54:27.520 --> 00:54:30.640
In fact, when
the Civil War started,

00:54:30.640 --> 00:54:33.640
he was about to go to Mexico,

00:54:33.640 --> 00:54:35.680
because she was performing

00:54:35.680 --> 00:54:37.600
three of his plays
in Mexico City,

00:54:37.600 --> 00:54:41.760
and he was going
to join her there.

00:54:42.480 --> 00:54:46.440
In fact, she was one
of the first to hear

00:54:46.440 --> 00:54:49.520
the news of his assassination.

00:54:49.520 --> 00:55:08.560
♪

00:55:08.560 --> 00:55:11.240
(sobbing)

00:55:14.800 --> 00:55:18.880
(speaking in Spanish)

00:56:22.080 --> 00:56:26.280
♪

00:56:26.280 --> 00:56:29.200
(singing in Spanish)

00:56:29.200 --> 00:59:11.520
♪

00:59:11.520 --> 00:59:14.360
(insects chirping)

01:00:40.920 --> 01:00:44.160
(speaking in Spanish)

01:00:57.560 --> 01:01:03.560
♪

01:01:03.560 --> 01:01:06.160
(whistle blowing)

01:01:06.160 --> 01:01:22.440
♪

01:01:22.440 --> 01:01:25.320
In the 1970s,
while gay liberation

01:01:25.320 --> 01:01:26.760
was bursting out of the closet

01:01:26.760 --> 01:01:29.200
all over the rest
of the Western world,

01:01:29.200 --> 01:01:33.200
Spain was still under
the dark cloud of fascism,

01:01:33.200 --> 01:01:34.880
and yet a recent
Pew poll reveals

01:01:34.880 --> 01:01:39.720
that Spain\'s now more accepting
of same-sex relationships

01:01:39.720 --> 01:01:42.760
than any other country
in the world.

01:01:42.760 --> 01:01:46.560
How could Spain rocket
from the extreme persecution

01:01:46.560 --> 01:01:47.280
of homosexuality

01:01:47.280 --> 01:01:50.760
to become the LGBT capital
of Europe?

01:01:50.760 --> 01:01:53.720
(drumming)

01:03:23.000 --> 01:03:25.920
(indistinct chanting)

01:04:30.080 --> 01:04:40.120
♪

01:06:14.440 --> 01:06:17.040
(speaking in Spanish)

01:08:55.360 --> 01:08:58.680
But the literal bones

01:08:58.680 --> 01:09:03.560
are, we feel, of no interest,
of no importance.

01:09:42.920 --> 01:09:48.000
Looking for his remains,
I feel, is, um...

01:09:48.720 --> 01:09:50.280
fetishistic?

01:09:50.280 --> 01:09:55.440
Is sort of an abuse
of his memory.

01:10:10.560 --> 01:10:14.360
Well, hopefully
they won\'t find him.

01:10:15.240 --> 01:10:19.360
I believe he should
be left alone.

01:10:52.240 --> 01:11:12.600
♪

01:11:12.600 --> 01:11:14.120
Here lies the dilemma

01:11:14.120 --> 01:11:17.240
at the heart
of historical memory.

01:11:17.240 --> 01:11:20.480
You can\'t remember
what you never knew.

01:11:20.480 --> 01:11:25.040
Not knowing eats away
at a person and at society.

01:11:25.040 --> 01:11:30.720
When so much erasure and denial
have obscured the truth,

01:11:30.720 --> 01:11:35.280
how can we ever really
reconcile with the past?

01:11:35.280 --> 01:11:41.280
♪

01:11:41.280 --> 01:11:47.320
The ghosts of Spain
continue to haunt the present.

01:11:47.320 --> 01:11:50.080
So where can this story end?

01:11:50.080 --> 01:11:51.640
♪

01:11:51.640 --> 01:11:54.560
Antonio Ruiz lives
in the same village

01:11:54.560 --> 01:11:56.640
where he was born, grew up,

01:11:56.640 --> 01:11:59.800
and was arrested
and banished from.

01:11:59.800 --> 01:12:01.720
♪

01:12:01.720 --> 01:12:04.800
Today, they sort of apologized.

01:12:04.800 --> 01:12:06.920
♪

01:12:06.920 --> 01:12:10.880
A small sliver of justice.

01:12:20.480 --> 01:12:23.000
(applause)

01:12:23.000 --> 01:12:56.120
♪

01:12:57.120 --> 01:15:10.560
♪