WEBVTT

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The United States is involved across

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the world are government imposes
its rigid view of the world.

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In Vietnam in the Dominican
Republic elsewhere.

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The politicians who make decisions
for us to removed from us.

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More and more we go unrepresented.

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The words they use to justify themselves
have lost a tangible meaning.

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The government turns more impatiently
against those who do not accept its views.

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The United States turns
not with decency not with

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a mind open to the many different ways
people have of seeking solutions.

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Who does our government speak
for in other countries who are

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the leaders are government
talks to and treats with

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now the view who controlled the
lives of those beneath them.

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But there are others our government
will be obliged to deal with

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Venezuela a sea of oil controlled
by American companies.

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If the profits from the URL reached down the
8.5 million people would live differently.

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But the profits leave Creole
is Standard Oil of New Jersey.

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To control Oil is to control the country.

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The wealthy float on the surface
living a certain way affects how you

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see and feel limits the range
of what you can understand.

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Do they know very much about
what is below the surface

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slums hunger our insight.

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One lives beside them.

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One stop seeing them.

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They must live around their countrymen.

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These other human beings the

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wealthy have to fight free from the
central experience of their country.

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Live always in a small circle.

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At position becomes more precarious and there\'s
more hollow or unreal more disconnected.

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For them nothing ever changes.

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How much of their own lives do they determine
they live they work as they have to

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And dictator Paris commanders served the
circle who control then as well as economy.

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Here an imposed system keeps people from the
power that allows people to begin to grow.

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Men have no land no say
in how they will work.

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The land. Men have no say
and what they will eat.

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3% of the people own 90% of the land
fertile land enough to feed everyone.

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But food is imported and prices rise.

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Eggs come from florida.

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Corn from Iowa.

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The peasants leave one out of
three remains in the countryside.

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But jobs do not exist.

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Men have no say in how they live.

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People try to escape.

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The city swells up at the rim of hills.

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Go try Caracas.

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14% unemployed population sores
from a 150 thousand to 2 million.

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Here the cost of living is two
times that of New York City.

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The city bulges and spreads out.

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Perez Jimenez embezzle 250 million payment

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for loyalty to our oil companies
into Venezuela is ruling class.

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The estate of Governor Rockefeller.

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President de Paris Humana has also had

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a tasteful proud estate and
to remain as was awarded

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the United States Order of
Merit generously presented by

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President Eisenhower his secret police rain

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while its head was an
intimate of our Ambassador.

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In order to get along
in Venezuela it is not

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sufficient for well-meaning men to
make an honest living from their work.

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Thus isolating themselves from
the surrounding corruption.

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No it is necessary to stay
in the good graces of

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the government to bumper the
governor\'s ending competence.

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You have already arrived on top establish
a reign of ineptitude over ability.

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Bronze medals self obsession
jealous guardians of power.

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And economic down sweating
unemployment increased.

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The cost of living ROE is higher.

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There was a general strike
mass demonstrations group.

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Students took the lead on 23rd
January 1958 before dawn.

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President Paris command is fled.

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First to the Dominican Republican tricky.

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Then to Miami the demonstrations
continued during the 23rd

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300 students were killed by the
secret police. The dictator

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thrown they feel ten years
of his power washed away.

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Perez Jimenez had not
allowed organized unions.

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He shut down newspapers.

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Universities were often close
to discourage opposition.

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One of his laws read the military
authorities shall repressed

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drastically and that fraud against
persons or property. People ask

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Land be given to peasants will there be

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employment houses to live in
well unnecessary changes begin.

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All through the country the
revolution unlocked people.

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People flooded the streets drawn
out ignited by the possibility.

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People celebrating hoping
people springing forward.

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People held on a leash too long.

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People toiled with and forgotten and
held back and treated like things.

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The unfathomable wild energies destruction.

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Hope they go to release
the political prisoners.

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Shut away abused for what one believes that
deep moral isolation remains unbroken.

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Except perhaps in quiet
conversations with a friend.

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Families broken hands bodies broken.

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I could hear the one being tortured scream.

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We all heard his screen.

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Men learn to live inside themselves.

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Whether a political prisoners there
are many locked away who dared

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nothing innocence ONE someone
whispered about or pointed at.

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Now they hunt out the secret police.

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The arm of the dictator must be broken.

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Legacy of stupid reality.

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In these first days the
rank and file of the army

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or close with the people
they fight together.

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The High Command and the army is split.

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But they agree that they don\'t
want this to go to five.

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Still they do not dare to
try to stop the people.

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Yet the secret police make the last
end of the regime they think at

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the time that they have the most to lose they
do not realize there\'ll be employed soon.

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Again. They evoke a fury for the
people they are the agents of

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L President days oppression and their power
was a power no man should have. And then

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for the first time during the revolution
soldiers are at odds with the crowds.

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Still people mass around the
headquarters of the secret police.

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The AMI holds them back as they have
before as they will again soon.

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An agent is caught affected
the rage of ten years.

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150 dead in this small battle
political prisoners slotted in

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theirselves headquarters
of the secret police files

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records names control over daily lives.

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A primitive knife. The Holy Mother.

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How many died in these cells
and then the faces of

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the secret police sometime is less than one
expects those strangely vacant daily faces.

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A little prosperous. A little afraid

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Expendable technicians how deep was

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the revolution what had been for what was
wanted a government contact was formed.

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There were four colonels or
from the Paris command as army.

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At its head was Admiral
Wolfgang and lot of isabell

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they met in the high chambers with
their Spanish colonial field.

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With the encrusted carved
ceilings Land work education.

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They spoke as among old friends
and intimate circle. The people

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this talk and the room among old friends
isolated talk disconnected talk.

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And the people unity around
the new government Quinta

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or called the unity around
this winter that represents

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the same ruling circles the same ones
who had used Paris command says.

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Those in exile could come home again.

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More fortunate than the
political prisoners.

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They had been able to continue writing
speaking planning for this day.

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My chador leader of the Communist Party.

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He do supports the new hometown
joins a call for unity.

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What had they done all these years

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living off plans.

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It is one thing to give up
one\'s country voluntarily

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caldera leader of the Christiane
Democrats E2 calls for unity.

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They return. Others too closely associated
with Paris command is go into exile.

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They had been allowed to leave.

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They simply pass those who are
coming back for this office.

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So much has changed that he must leave.

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The revolution has reworked his
whole world but for others

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vast number nothing at all has changed.

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All is just as it was just as it will be.

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And more return each with his picture of
what has happened of what must happen now.

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The leaders whose profession
whose life this is.

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Now they are not just
talking in a distant room.

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Now they must begin to alter Venezuela.
If they can

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roman law Betancourt x communists

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follow precedent violent opponent
to Paris command commandos.

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E2 calls for unity.

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In exile he seemed radical Betancourt as

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leader of axion democratic a traditional
party of the democratic left.

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As he campaigns for president
many think IS election would be

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the culmination of this revolution
a triumphal reformers democracy.

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Axion democratically Betancourt a test

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whether the necessary reforms
can be made under capitalism

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Developed country and the elections of
584 awareness with 49% of the vote.

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A politician announces and
program and some people

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listen the educated others in politics.

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Wha what is new in the speech
they argue over the nuances

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down here how many here the speech how many
couldn\'t read it if they had a newspaper.

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They have a simple way of judging
what has been done here.

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They continue trying to lead their lives.

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Where are there changes in their day-to-day
lives they continue and they wait.

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So few even imagine that this is
not the only way men have to live.

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Betancourt past and agrarian reform law.

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Almost 90 thousand land
titles were given away is

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after 2 thousand new owners
actually work their land.

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No loans for seed or fertilizer no
roads into the land no equipment.

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Often the peasant was not
even told where the land

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was a paper title that was never honored.

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I saw the government 2 thousand
act does for the reform.

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It wasn\'t my worst land.

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I couldn\'t work at even with machinery.

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But I got a better price for that land and

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my bass land could bring
me in the open market.

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There\'s a dozen families working on it.

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Now. They\'ll go bankrupt in less
than two years and I\'ll buy the land

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back at 10% with the rod they
themselves have had to build.

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A land reform law is on paper between this
paper and peasants as a vast distance.

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The bureaucracy cannot bridge the gap.

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The government cannot
implement its policies.

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No one speaks for the people
and they are voiceless.

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They are told to wait

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A close friend who drafted
the land reform law

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left bed and caused party
and went into opposition.

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Finally realized nothing was being done.

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My law our law has become a fast.

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I\'m against valence.

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I\'m anti-Communist and anti-Castro.

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When my men occupied the land by force
I tell them to give it back to weight.

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But how long will they wait
how long can they wait

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Vice President Nixon comes to them as well

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How long can they wait until the small part
of them that can still hope is enlarged.

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Things get worse not better.

00:16:27.030 --> 00:16:32.169
From the first Bancor was unable
to devote himself to his reforms.

00:16:32.170 --> 00:16:35.439
To stay in power he had to make sacrifices

00:16:35.440 --> 00:16:40.929
He had to rely increasingly on United
States investments on his own military and

00:16:40.930 --> 00:16:46.599
the ruling interests they oblige him
to go slow its program disintegrates.

00:16:46.600 --> 00:16:50.889
He comes to rely on those same men
who would sustain Paris can manage.

00:16:50.890 --> 00:16:56.184
He cannot or will not create new
centers of power based on the people.

00:16:56.185 --> 00:17:00.834
Betancourt moves steadily
ineluctable 40x to the right.

00:17:00.835 --> 00:17:04.599
Caracas 16% unemployed.

00:17:04.600 --> 00:17:06.579
And the government can do nothing.

00:17:06.580 --> 00:17:08.979
A terrible shortage of houses.

00:17:08.980 --> 00:17:11.259
The government can barely begin.

00:17:11.260 --> 00:17:14.064
The United States oil companies boom.

00:17:14.065 --> 00:17:17.600
Money does not come into the streets

00:17:17.760 --> 00:17:21.624
Attacks against Betancourt
intensified and then

00:17:21.625 --> 00:17:25.029
even his own party split over
his reactionary direction.

00:17:25.030 --> 00:17:28.314
The young Go to form the movement
of the revolutionary left.

00:17:28.315 --> 00:17:33.350
The MIR older men go into
less radical opposition.

00:17:33.390 --> 00:17:39.650
Soon Betancourt suppresses the
Communist Party and the MIR.

00:17:56.790 --> 00:18:00.869
Here It goes on

00:18:00.870 --> 00:18:06.349
Where does it go where does it

00:18:06.350 --> 00:18:14.350
go this street is

00:18:15.650 --> 00:18:19.279
quiet during the shutting down
of opposition newspapers.

00:18:19.280 --> 00:18:24.874
The fury against students the start
of a terror worse than those before.

00:18:24.875 --> 00:18:27.049
Arrests go on around them.

00:18:27.050 --> 00:18:28.849
Their houses are searched.

00:18:28.850 --> 00:18:31.800
They do not remain apart.

00:18:32.350 --> 00:18:38.070
The government tries to crush the
people who would change their lives.

00:18:39.040 --> 00:18:43.129
Meeting resistance the
government terror intensified

00:18:43.130 --> 00:18:46.549
agents from the humanities
days ran the secret police dig

00:18:46.550 --> 00:18:50.989
a poll sort of pole and elite
Goon Squad roam the streets.

00:18:50.990 --> 00:18:53.389
Venezuela was in a state of siege.

00:18:53.390 --> 00:18:55.414
Rom alone to the wall.

00:18:55.415 --> 00:19:00.319
The assassin opposition to the
government was driven underground.

00:19:00.320 --> 00:19:02.854
The suppression tended to unite them.

00:19:02.855 --> 00:19:05.059
Terror made revolutionaries out of

00:19:05.060 --> 00:19:08.254
many who had hoped for peaceful
change through the ballot.

00:19:08.255 --> 00:19:13.084
Reform from within the system
was booming impossible.

00:19:13.085 --> 00:19:17.419
In 1962 after the uprisings of Cairo piano

00:19:17.420 --> 00:19:21.574
and quite aka value the armed
forces of national liberation.

00:19:21.575 --> 00:19:25.739
The FLN was formed to
coordinate armed struggle

00:19:25.740 --> 00:19:28.209
Comandante allele as MAN width

00:19:28.210 --> 00:19:32.619
the FLN Chief of Staff of the
guerrilla front and felt calm.

00:19:32.620 --> 00:19:35.439
By now all could dream
about election should have

00:19:35.440 --> 00:19:38.889
realized that in this country
nothing salt by elections.

00:19:38.890 --> 00:19:43.284
Because an individual who\'s not a
revolutionary and obtains political power

00:19:43.285 --> 00:19:48.129
we did not change the country\'s political
economic and social situation.

00:19:48.130 --> 00:19:50.619
Just because this cannot
be solved by a change of

00:19:50.620 --> 00:19:54.009
individuals but simply
by a change of systems.

00:19:54.010 --> 00:19:56.739
And the change of system
cannot be brought about in

00:19:56.740 --> 00:20:00.174
this country except with
weapons in their hands.

00:20:00.175 --> 00:20:04.944
Publication suppressed leaders
jailed parties outlawed.

00:20:04.945 --> 00:20:08.984
What other alternatives
remained for the people

00:20:08.985 --> 00:20:13.999
One of my sons identifies with
leftist parties in spite of

00:20:14.000 --> 00:20:16.249
the beliefs convictions and traditions of

00:20:16.250 --> 00:20:20.854
the family my son was taken
prisoner during the recent revolved

00:20:20.855 --> 00:20:23.509
He was held naked in a cell.

00:20:23.510 --> 00:20:26.509
Was added primitive savage torture.

00:20:26.510 --> 00:20:32.869
It was submitted to head docking in water
and later upon regaining consciousness.

00:20:32.870 --> 00:20:40.234
It procedure was repeated a 100
activists for the ordinary man.

00:20:40.235 --> 00:20:43.459
Beta_1 cause government was
a military dictatorship.

00:20:43.460 --> 00:20:47.419
Resistance mounted in the
city and the back lines.

00:20:47.420 --> 00:20:53.910
So in the armed forces of National Liberation
chose to strengthen rural gorilla fronts.

00:20:55.360 --> 00:21:00.150
They began to prepare for a long campaign.

00:21:05.530 --> 00:21:08.989
Actions continue in the city.

00:21:08.990 --> 00:21:13.099
The FLN gorillas entrenched themselves.

00:21:13.100 --> 00:21:15.960
This was the start.

00:21:18.880 --> 00:21:23.359
Before the birth of the FLN
political alternatives were

00:21:23.360 --> 00:21:28.099
polarized between the liberal democracy
that Betancourt represented and

00:21:28.100 --> 00:21:32.119
the conservative communist
party both were equally

00:21:32.120 --> 00:21:37.114
separated from the conditions and
needs of the people of Venezuela.

00:21:37.115 --> 00:21:44.869
But Castro\'s CRM I asked her campaign
was an example of another way. There

00:21:44.870 --> 00:21:48.033
and began to build an island

00:21:48.034 --> 00:21:53.509
a new society within the unproductive
body of a stagnant society.

00:21:53.510 --> 00:21:56.164
They defended it with arms.

00:21:56.165 --> 00:22:00.304
Contact was made with the
people and the movements well.

00:22:00.305 --> 00:22:03.379
Their success the accomplishments of

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the revolution provided inspiration
throughout Latin America.

00:22:07.625 --> 00:22:14.059
It revealed the limitations of many
of the older leaders. In Venezuela.

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This kind of revolution is beginning.

00:22:18.130 --> 00:22:22.518
A new generation of
revolutionaries makeup the FLN

00:22:22.519 --> 00:22:27.454
students army officers workers
professors peasants a senator

00:22:27.455 --> 00:22:30.649
inexperienced various flexible.

00:22:30.650 --> 00:22:35.509
Now they are in close touch with the
actual basis of life and their country

00:22:35.510 --> 00:22:41.059
their movement can grow and deepen and retain
its relevance to the life around them.

00:22:41.060 --> 00:22:44.764
And this new life also changes them.

00:22:44.765 --> 00:22:49.684
At first they sabotage to call attention
to the state of things and their country.

00:22:49.685 --> 00:22:52.489
They thought in terms of
imminent insurrection.

00:22:52.490 --> 00:22:56.044
But they realized that
victory was not that close.

00:22:56.045 --> 00:23:00.289
Now they stressed strategic
Rural Action organizing

00:23:00.290 --> 00:23:05.104
continues and unions factories slums
within the army rank and file.

00:23:05.105 --> 00:23:09.949
But all aims at strengthening this
armed struggle in the countryside

00:23:09.950 --> 00:23:13.369
The FLN began to build itself into

00:23:13.370 --> 00:23:18.750
the countryside to gradually increase
its territories of operations.

00:23:18.910 --> 00:23:23.809
In Miranda state and felt calm
and a lot of what the Giza and

00:23:23.810 --> 00:23:29.119
Tokyo for separate fronts with
extensive peasants support of

00:23:29.120 --> 00:23:32.389
these gorillas most had never
known anything but city

00:23:32.390 --> 00:23:35.748
life university life before they politics

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were limited by their experience hasn\'t

00:23:38.690 --> 00:23:42.919
the former military sons of the
wealthy workers all live together.

00:23:42.920 --> 00:23:46.744
The gifts the information
the differences mingle.

00:23:46.745 --> 00:23:48.619
The girl cleaning her submachine.

00:23:48.620 --> 00:23:50.134
Gun was a student.

00:23:50.135 --> 00:23:56.419
Comandante all guys act during the years of
sabotage or escape from prison a famous.

00:23:56.420 --> 00:24:00.814
They begin to establish ways different
from the society around them.

00:24:00.815 --> 00:24:02.794
The FLN grows.

00:24:02.795 --> 00:24:07.249
The society outside stiffens
against all descend in

00:24:07.250 --> 00:24:13.290
1964 there were 1500 political
prisoners and the government jails.

00:24:13.690 --> 00:24:17.689
They live and work in groups of 45.

00:24:17.690 --> 00:24:22.699
The squads are arranged widely in
concentric circles around the headquarters.

00:24:22.700 --> 00:24:25.639
They gain the confidence of the peasants

00:24:25.640 --> 00:24:30.964
without their cooperation and friendship
with the gorillas could not survive.

00:24:30.965 --> 00:24:34.414
They remain responsive to the peasants.

00:24:34.415 --> 00:24:39.709
In Florida for example viewed at present
sanitation education government.

00:24:39.710 --> 00:24:42.544
We have open schools we are for the sick.

00:24:42.545 --> 00:24:47.779
We have formed civil institutions of power
which are in fact organs of government.

00:24:47.780 --> 00:24:51.559
Then as well in armies led by members of

00:24:51.560 --> 00:24:57.799
the US military mission in Caracas
have failed to dislodge the gorillas.

00:24:57.800 --> 00:25:02.119
They have failed also in attempts
to win the peasants support.

00:25:02.120 --> 00:25:04.339
The government approach the peasants in

00:25:04.340 --> 00:25:07.604
the same way the Spanish
approached Indians with trinkets

00:25:07.605 --> 00:25:12.489
Necrosis it changing those things for
Ivan for petroleum for everything.

00:25:12.490 --> 00:25:15.399
We have our first the
peasants are surprise.

00:25:15.400 --> 00:25:17.799
They wonder where all the sudden love.

00:25:17.800 --> 00:25:20.469
But then they finally realized that all the

00:25:20.470 --> 00:25:23.259
love Kim to them because of
the gorillas and management.

00:25:23.260 --> 00:25:31.260
When we went there well nothing cavities
relativity they died of hunger malaria.

00:25:32.800 --> 00:25:35.604
Now they are given things.

00:25:35.605 --> 00:25:38.484
And they realize because our
presenters intelligence

00:25:38.485 --> 00:25:42.024
that the rulers are trying to
drive the guerrilla movement out.

00:25:42.025 --> 00:25:45.669
Cold nights we have a
small Glaucus strikes.

00:25:45.670 --> 00:25:50.264
We have eaten concentrated foods and are
women companies have you and put all those

00:25:50.265 --> 00:25:52.189
it trinkets.

00:25:52.190 --> 00:25:56.059
The peasant take those gifts
and offer them to us.

00:25:56.060 --> 00:25:58.174
And tell us what is happening.

00:25:58.175 --> 00:26:01.999
The enemy has realized
that this methods fail.

00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:05.809
Now instead of coming with a little
present they come in with a machete.

00:26:05.810 --> 00:26:09.420
They weapon they torture them.

00:26:11.320 --> 00:26:15.799
So in fact one mind in the present or the rest
of the inhabitants of the village was hung

00:26:15.800 --> 00:26:19.609
by his testicles to instill fear
in all the people of the village

00:26:19.610 --> 00:26:23.029
And then after torturing him savagely they

00:26:23.030 --> 00:26:26.569
tried to use him as a guidance
but peasant knowing full well

00:26:26.570 --> 00:26:30.169
where we where let the
males were not even by

00:26:30.170 --> 00:26:34.399
force could they used it all
the metadata Scott failed.

00:26:34.400 --> 00:26:38.029
All those methods they
have brought from Vietnam.

00:26:38.030 --> 00:26:39.810
Half-filled.

00:26:46.630 --> 00:26:48.349
It is rare

00:26:48.350 --> 00:26:52.860
for a hard pressed peasant to
be generous with his food.

00:26:52.990 --> 00:26:56.899
Once the gorillas stopped a
truck that was passing through

00:26:56.900 --> 00:27:02.219
the village they told the peasants to unload
the truck and take the food to keep it

00:27:02.220 --> 00:27:05.240
Then they sent the truck away.

00:27:10.980 --> 00:27:15.279
They gather wild rice before
returning to the camp.

00:27:15.280 --> 00:27:19.629
Now after two years they are
largely self-sufficient.

00:27:19.630 --> 00:27:24.590
They live off the land and the
peasants supply them with much.

00:27:30.630 --> 00:27:33.024
They draw together.

00:27:33.025 --> 00:27:35.799
A band of brothers knitted together by

00:27:35.800 --> 00:27:40.284
their common opposition their sense
of what they are working to it.

00:27:40.285 --> 00:27:42.744
By the way of life they now share.

00:27:42.745 --> 00:27:44.579
They had begun to hammer

00:27:44.580 --> 00:27:47.689
a new set of relations among themselves.

00:27:47.690 --> 00:27:51.780
They have begun in many ways.

00:27:53.020 --> 00:28:00.169
In the face of total repression the FLN has
shown a remarkable ability to sustain itself.

00:28:00.170 --> 00:28:03.229
The FLN is organizing patiently.

00:28:03.230 --> 00:28:06.034
It is prepared for a long struggle.

00:28:06.035 --> 00:28:10.054
It\'s roots have already gone down deep.

00:28:10.055 --> 00:28:12.619
And again my wheat.

00:28:12.620 --> 00:28:16.369
Therefore I have my dandy decision

00:28:16.370 --> 00:28:19.789
of all those revolutionaries who
are starting their liberation.

00:28:19.790 --> 00:28:22.729
I respect the opinion of some leaders of

00:28:22.730 --> 00:28:26.759
some countries quad trying to
gain power by pacific means

00:28:26.760 --> 00:28:28.794
I respect their opinion.

00:28:28.795 --> 00:28:34.029
But at the same time I you\'ll
excuse me I am obliged to say that

00:28:34.030 --> 00:28:39.920
they will not be able to stabilize
themselves in power by those means.

00:28:45.360 --> 00:28:50.019
The armed forces of National Liberation
assumed that as they draw close to

00:28:50.020 --> 00:28:55.584
victory the United States will send troops
against them to defend American interests.

00:28:55.585 --> 00:29:00.564
We have interests elsewhere in
Latin America and elsewhere.

00:29:00.565 --> 00:29:05.379
There are revolutionary movements
who go Blanco in Peru.

00:29:05.380 --> 00:29:09.643
Yan Sosa in Guatemala others in Colombia

00:29:09.644 --> 00:29:12.499
Well we intervene everywhere.

00:29:12.500 --> 00:29:16.920
Our present policies suggests that we will