The City of Lights as seen in short films by six New Wave master directors.
Paris Calligrammes
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PARIS CALLIGRAMMES is German filmmaker Ulrike Ottinger’s love letter to the city where she came of age, and her explorations of her own artistic growth, fueled by bookstores, jazz clubs, workshops and cafés.
“Calligramme” is the term coined by Guillaume Apollinaire for his poems featuring stunning visual typography. Like a series of calligrammes, this film is divided individual poetic segments, covering the period from Ottinger’s arrival in Paris in 1962 to her return to Germany seven years later.
In the tradition of flanerie, Ottinger writes in her director’s statement, she takes us through the city, turning her lens on decisive personal and political focal points. They include her time at a legendary bookstore, the studio where she learned the art of etching, her embrace of the French New Wave through the Cinémathèque Française, and the cafés and streets where personal artistic ferment bled into political action against the war in Algeria—and, ultimately, to the protests of May 1968.
Ottinger begins with archival footage re-creating the night she arrived in Paris—picked up by five men who looked like they’d stepped out of a film noir. Although PARIS CALLIGRAMMES was filmed nearly 60 years after the events of that night, Ottinger captures the sense of wonder and belonging she found as a young artist in Paris. She revisits her influences and admits to her failings—like an inability to fully understand the role of colonialism.
In less capable hands, PARIS CALLIGRAMMES could have been a self-indulgent meditation on youth. Instead, Ottinger—who appears only occasionally in archival photos—has created a personal film that connects her own artistic awakening to the broader social issues of the day. Combining contemporary and archival footage, she evokes the past without succumbing to nostalgia.
Ottinger, who has directed 26 films, including fiction features and experimental documentaries, was honored for her oeuvre with a Teddy Award at the Berlin International Film Festival.
“One of the great works of first-person cinema. Ottinger's personal and political masterwork. Extraordinary; a work of vital and energetic modernism.” —Richard Brody, The New Yorker
“Enriching, stimulating; vital and contradictory. Captures the zeitgeist as experienced by a young woman eager to soak up the cultural riches around her, which she then distilled through her own sensibility to create paintings reflecting the era’s upheavals.” —Jay Weissberg, Variety
“Never a dull moment; the work of a consummate artist who understands the importance of the form matching the story.” —Kaleem Aftab, Cineuropa
“Her cinema is restless, Odyssean: full of stories of exile and adventure. ['Paris Calligrammes' is] an homage to the intellectual and artistic life of the city in the 1960s.” —Amy Sherlock, Frieze Magazine
“Fresh, poignant and utterly absorbing.” —Hannah McGill, Sight and Sound
“An outstanding resource, with a cast of historical figures and world events woven into a plot with enough breadth to encourage discussions not just about art and artists, but about war, class, oppression, and multiculturalism.” —Educational Media Reviews Online (EMRO)
Citation
Main credits
Theune, Kornelia (film producer)
Kufus, Thomas (film producer)
Bardet, Pierre-Olivier (film producer)
Agutter, Jenny (narrator)
Other credits
Editing, Anette Fleming.
Distributor subjects
Anthropology (Cultural); Art; Film Studies; Fine Art; Cinema Studies; Cultural Anthropology; France; Gay Studies; Germany; Jewish Studies; LGBTQ+ Studies; Social Movements; Women's StudiesKeywords
| 01:00:08:05 | 01:00:10:23 | "Advice to the Good Traveler |
| 01:00:11:08 | 01:00:15:19 | A town at the end of the road and a road extending a town: |
| 01:00:16:22 | 01:00:19:14 | do not choose one or the other, |
| 01:00:19:18 | 01:00:22:16 | but one and the other by turns." |
| 01:00:23:17 | 01:00:27:22 | I gladly followed that advice of Victor Segalen. |
| 01:00:51:04 | 01:00:54:24 | In 1962, I drove towards Paris in my sky-blue Isetta, |
| 01:00:55:07 | 01:00:58:14 | with owls on it I'd painted myself. |
| 01:00:58:18 | 01:01:01:23 | But I had to leave it in Sésanne with engine damage. |
| 01:01:05:05 | 01:01:07:02 | I packed up my things, |
| 01:01:07:06 | 01:01:11:02 | left the Isetta on the side of the road, and hitchhiked. |
| 01:01:11:14 | 01:01:15:04 | The country road didn't have much traffic yet |
| 01:01:15:12 | 01:01:19:07 | and I was happy when a big black Citroën pulled over. |
| 01:01:19:20 | 01:01:23:05 | There were five gentlemen inside, in hats and coats. |
| 01:01:23:21 | 01:01:26:23 | They seemed like they were coming from a bank robbery, |
| 01:01:27:02 | 01:01:29:17 | or acting in a film noir. |
| 01:01:30:06 | 01:01:32:24 | One of them got out, offered me his place, |
| 01:01:33:03 | 01:01:37:01 | and sat on the folding seat across from me. |
| 01:01:37:17 | 01:01:41:04 | Despite their appearances and my assumptions, |
| 01:01:41:08 | 01:01:46:16 | they were very friendly and chain-smoked Gitanes, as did I. |
| 01:02:07:02 | 01:02:10:16 | That's how I arrived at dawn in Paris, safe and sound. |
| 01:02:11:12 | 01:02:16:01 | The friendly "bank robbers" dropped me off at Saint-Germain-des-Prés. |
| 01:03:49:10 | 01:03:51:03 | Come on in, everybody! Hereinspaziert! Hereinspaziert! |
| 01:03:51:07 | 01:03:53:00 | You only pay at the end! Bezahlt wird erst beim Rausgehen! |
| 01:04:00:06 | 01:04:04:19 | "A spectacle for those who don't keep their eyes in their pockets." |
| 01:04:06:15 | 01:04:09:09 | That's how Garance, the "Naked Truth", |
| 01:04:09:13 | 01:04:12:12 | is touted in Les Enfants du Paradis. |
| 01:04:12:22 | 01:04:15:13 | This is one of the most beautiful sentences, |
| 01:04:15:17 | 01:04:18:24 | for it points out the prerequisite of all thought: |
| 01:04:19:03 | 01:04:21:00 | perception. |
| 01:04:22:06 | 01:04:25:07 | I'd never put my eyes in my pockets, |
| 01:04:25:11 | 01:04:28:08 | but in Paris they grew wider and wider, |
| 01:04:28:12 | 01:04:30:10 | bigger and bigger. |
| 01:05:14:11 | 01:05:18:05 | Walking and seeing became my most exhilarating pastime. |
| 01:05:18:11 | 01:05:20:01 | Everything fascinated me: |
| 01:05:20:05 | 01:05:22:24 | the people, the streets, the cafés, |
| 01:05:23:03 | 01:05:25:22 | the galleries, the museums, the cinemas, |
| 01:05:26:01 | 01:05:29:03 | the bookstores open till midnight, |
| 01:05:29:07 | 01:05:32:16 | when the jazz clubs opened. |
| 01:05:33:20 | 01:05:35:15 | I was twenty years young |
| 01:05:35:19 | 01:05:40:13 | and I'd come to Paris determined to become an important artist. |
| 01:05:41:08 | 01:05:46:14 | In my euphoria, I wanted to convert all my experiences directly into art. |
| 01:05:46:18 | 01:05:48:15 | The question was how. |
| 01:05:49:12 | 01:05:54:02 | I ask myself that same question over fifty years later. |
| 01:05:54:17 | 01:05:56:23 | How can I make a film |
| 01:05:57:02 | 01:06:02:06 | from the perspective of a very young artist I remember, |
| 01:06:02:17 | 01:06:07:00 | with the experience of the older artist I am today? |
| 01:06:10:01 | 01:06:14:04 | In Paris, I followed the footsteps of my heroines and heroes. |
| 01:06:14:08 | 01:06:18:10 | Wherever I found them, they will appear in this film. |
| 01:06:32:22 | 01:06:36:05 | Some of the constants were already there. |
| 01:06:36:09 | 01:06:42:00 | My French friends, marked by their Algerian experiences. |
| 01:06:42:04 | 01:06:46:09 | The colonial history woven into the city's fabric. |
| 01:06:46:13 | 01:06:50:01 | And Fritz Picard's Librairie Calligrammes. |
| 01:07:11:19 | 01:07:13:11 | Early in the morning, |
| 01:07:13:15 | 01:07:17:09 | when the city was still quiet, I liked to go for walks. |
| 01:07:18:00 | 01:07:22:23 | There was just one sound that I couldn't identify at first. |
| 01:07:23:16 | 01:07:27:21 | I followed it to Place de Furstemberg, |
| 01:07:28:22 | 01:07:31:02 | where I solved the mystery. |
| 01:07:34:06 | 01:07:37:08 | Every morning, street sweepers |
| 01:07:37:14 | 01:07:41:05 | opened valves in the sidewalks |
| 01:07:41:09 | 01:07:44:15 | in the Parisian ritual of cleansing. |
| 01:08:06:19 | 01:08:12:21 | Fritz Picard and the Librairie Calligrammes |
| 01:08:19:07 | 01:08:24:15 | If you turned off Boulevard Saint-Germain onto Rue du Dragon, |
| 01:08:24:23 | 01:08:30:00 | you would reach Fritz Picard's small but world-famous Librairie Calligrammes, |
| 01:08:30:04 | 01:08:32:21 | an antiquarian bookstore, a literary marketplace, |
| 01:08:33:04 | 01:08:37:04 | a hangout for Jewish and political émigrés, |
| 01:08:37:08 | 01:08:41:19 | and anyone else with an interest in German literature. |
| 01:08:44:06 | 01:08:46:08 | The current owners allowed me |
| 01:08:46:12 | 01:08:49:12 | to arrange their storefront with my books |
| 01:08:49:20 | 01:08:51:19 | as it was in Picard's time, |
| 01:08:51:23 | 01:08:56:00 | many of which I had discovered back then thanks to him. |
| 01:09:02:02 | 01:09:06:14 | The first time I visited Picard at Librairie Calligrammes, |
| 01:09:06:18 | 01:09:11:21 | I entered a cathedral of books, a little Expressionist temple |
| 01:09:12:00 | 01:09:14:12 | with piles of books, |
| 01:09:14:16 | 01:09:18:23 | leaning columns that stretched up to the ceiling, |
| 01:09:19:02 | 01:09:21:08 | kept upright by friendly spirits. |
| 01:09:21:12 | 01:09:25:05 | Many of the books had been rescued from burning, |
| 01:09:25:09 | 01:09:29:16 | books by authors banned in Nazi Germany. |
| 01:09:35:08 | 01:09:41:01 | The bookstore takes its name from Guillaume Apollinaire's poetry collection |
| 01:09:41:05 | 01:09:45:08 | Calligrammes: Poèmes de la paix et de la guerre. |
| 01:09:45:16 | 01:09:48:10 | Poems of Peace and War. |
| 01:09:49:07 | 01:09:53:22 | Picard was doubtless thinking of his writer and artist friends, |
| 01:09:54:24 | 01:09:59:19 | whose conversations turned and intertwined, |
| 01:10:00:01 | 01:10:02:09 | forming new calligrams of their own. |
| 01:10:04:06 | 01:10:07:23 | Thanks to Picard, Paris no longer seemed so enormous. |
| 01:10:08:02 | 01:10:13:18 | After meeting people in his shop, I kept running into them |
| 01:10:13:22 | 01:10:17:09 | on the streets, in galleries and in the cafés. |
| 01:10:17:13 | 01:10:21:12 | It made Saint-Germain seem almost like a village. |
| 01:10:22:17 | 01:10:25:08 | Picard was interviewed by Georg Stefan Troller, |
| 01:10:25:12 | 01:10:28:18 | the French correspondent for the West German broadcaster, |
| 01:10:28:22 | 01:10:34:18 | for Troller's monthly Parisian dispatch in 1963. |
| 01:10:35:00 | 01:10:39:07 | Fritz Picard, are you part of your neighborhood? |
| 01:10:39:11 | 01:10:42:12 | Of course. I am a member of the quartier. |
| 01:10:42:16 | 01:10:44:11 | As someone once put it: |
| 01:10:44:15 | 01:10:47:11 | "Aujourd'hui vous êtes une personnalité de notre rue." |
| 01:10:47:15 | 01:10:52:02 | And that means? -That I'm part of this street, basically. |
| 01:10:52:06 | 01:10:55:05 | At first, people thought it was a bit strange. |
| 01:10:55:15 | 01:10:58:19 | A German turned up here, opened a German bookshop... |
| 01:10:58:23 | 01:11:00:15 | It baffled people a little. |
| 01:11:00:19 | 01:11:03:21 | But today I'm part of the street, and the quartier. |
| 01:11:04:10 | 01:11:07:05 | Where do you get such wonderful treasures? |
| 01:11:07:09 | 01:11:12:12 | They range from the German Classical period through to the Third Reich. |
| 01:11:12:16 | 01:11:17:06 | Yes, up till 1933. From Goethe all the way "downhill" to 1933. |
| 01:11:17:10 | 01:11:21:15 | Where did it all come from? -Almost everything you see here |
| 01:11:21:19 | 01:11:25:04 | are books that I've found over the years here in Paris. |
| 01:11:41:16 | 01:11:45:08 | Picard had just returned from one of his "raids" |
| 01:11:45:12 | 01:11:48:21 | of the French second-hand bookstores, |
| 01:11:49:00 | 01:11:52:20 | which were filled up with German books |
| 01:11:53:12 | 01:11:57:07 | that Jewish émigrés had left behind in their haste |
| 01:11:57:11 | 01:12:00:01 | before departing with lightened luggage |
| 01:12:00:05 | 01:12:05:08 | on the next legs of their difficult journeys of survival. |
| 01:12:08:23 | 01:12:14:13 | Many times I was lucky to join him on those bookstore walks, |
| 01:12:14:17 | 01:12:18:11 | from which we always returned overloaded. |
| 01:12:18:15 | 01:12:21:22 | Although Fritz Picard could no longer see very well, |
| 01:12:22:01 | 01:12:26:05 | he was much quicker than I at fishing out interesting books |
| 01:12:26:09 | 01:12:29:17 | from the messy stacks. |
| 01:12:30:02 | 01:12:32:16 | That's because, before the Second World War, |
| 01:12:32:20 | 01:12:36:21 | he had spent years working for Bruno Cassirer, |
| 01:12:37:00 | 01:12:39:14 | the legendary Berlin publisher. |
| 01:12:39:22 | 01:12:42:02 | So he recognized every book |
| 01:12:42:06 | 01:12:47:20 | by the smallest details such as color, typeface, and shape. |
| 01:12:47:24 | 01:12:50:15 | This, for example, is the first edition |
| 01:12:50:19 | 01:12:54:05 | of the Tieck-Schlegel Shakespeare translation. |
| 01:12:54:09 | 01:12:56:13 | From the year 1823. |
| 01:12:57:14 | 01:13:00:12 | The tragedy of every antiquarian |
| 01:13:00:16 | 01:13:03:11 | is that he has to give away his treasures. |
| 01:13:03:15 | 01:13:05:00 | That's his job, after all. |
| 01:13:05:04 | 01:13:08:01 | But some of them end up in my private library. |
| 01:13:09:15 | 01:13:14:16 | Picard had owned an extensive, scholarly library, |
| 01:13:14:20 | 01:13:18:15 | which he had to leave behind when he fled Berlin, |
| 01:13:19:08 | 01:13:25:22 | including self-illustrated works by his friend Else Lasker-Schüler. |
| 01:13:26:01 | 01:13:31:03 | Each volume had a distinct face of its own. |
| 01:13:31:18 | 01:13:35:13 | With their creative design, they represent just one example |
| 01:13:35:17 | 01:13:39:10 | of a very high standard of book culture, |
| 01:13:39:14 | 01:13:44:21 | which made me obsessed with books, despite my very limited means. |
| 01:13:56:05 | 01:14:00:16 | The visitors to the Librairie Calligrammes and its legendary readings, |
| 01:14:00:20 | 01:14:03:02 | were writers and artists. |
| 01:14:03:06 | 01:14:06:13 | Especially Dadaists and Surrealists. |
| 01:14:06:17 | 01:14:11:06 | They were friends of Picard's, more guests than customers. |
| 01:14:11:24 | 01:14:14:08 | One of them was Hubert von Ranke, |
| 01:14:14:12 | 01:14:17:03 | a Marxist and a fighter in Spain, |
| 01:14:17:11 | 01:14:22:02 | who, despite his resume, was the cultural correspondent in France |
| 01:14:22:06 | 01:14:23:24 | for Bavarian broadcasting. |
| 01:14:24:20 | 01:14:26:16 | Whenever he stormed into the store, |
| 01:14:26:20 | 01:14:30:00 | they would immediately order coffee from across the street. |
| 01:14:30:04 | 01:14:35:08 | Conversations revolved around political developments, new publications |
| 01:14:35:12 | 01:14:39:17 | and, of course, the visitors from around the world. |
| 01:14:40:00 | 01:14:44:23 | Fritz Picard, now over 75 and a Parisian by choice, |
| 01:14:45:02 | 01:14:49:19 | whose striking features would resemble Goethe, Stefan George or Liszt, |
| 01:14:50:04 | 01:14:55:16 | if he didn't resemble himself so much, as he once joked, |
| 01:14:55:20 | 01:15:01:14 | is always at the epicenter of a myriad of famous guests and young unknowns. |
| 01:15:02:05 | 01:15:05:02 | Please tell us who visits you. |
| 01:15:05:06 | 01:15:08:12 | Well, I think first of our friend Annette Kolb, |
| 01:15:09:02 | 01:15:13:12 | with whom I've enjoyed a delightful friendship for years. |
| 01:15:14:07 | 01:15:18:00 | As soon as she arrives in Paris, she comes straight to my shop, |
| 01:15:18:04 | 01:15:20:24 | sometimes even before she goes to her hotel. |
| 01:15:23:13 | 01:15:25:03 | Hans Arp stops by. |
| 01:15:26:04 | 01:15:28:02 | Max Ernst comes to the shop. |
| 01:15:28:19 | 01:15:30:05 | Jünger was here. |
| 01:15:31:04 | 01:15:34:09 | Franz Jung came in every day while he was in Paris. |
| 01:15:34:14 | 01:15:38:12 | Most of them immortalized themselves in my guestbook. |
| 01:15:40:14 | 01:15:43:21 | After I had spent three years |
| 01:15:44:00 | 01:15:49:03 | searching feverishly for Fritz Picard's lost guestbook, |
| 01:15:49:07 | 01:15:53:22 | it miraculously materialized just in time for shooting. |
| 01:15:54:01 | 01:15:58:11 | It was one of those rare strokes of luck that just happen. |
| 01:16:03:23 | 01:16:05:21 | Here's the sculptor Hans Arp, |
| 01:16:06:00 | 01:16:11:04 | whose signature is like a drawing for one of his sculptures. |
| 01:16:11:15 | 01:16:14:21 | The Jewish Studies scholar and philosopher Jacob Taubes, |
| 01:16:15:00 | 01:16:17:01 | the painter Marino Marini. |
| 01:16:20:05 | 01:16:22:06 | Paul Celan writes: |
| 01:16:22:20 | 01:16:26:16 | "Amidst the books, appropriately intimidated |
| 01:16:26:20 | 01:16:29:15 | and thus not quite calligraphic, |
| 01:16:29:19 | 01:16:33:13 | but with all good wishes for the proprietor." |
| 01:16:36:20 | 01:16:39:19 | The guest book starts in 1952 |
| 01:16:39:23 | 01:16:44:00 | and shows the incredible number of people who met here. |
| 01:16:44:07 | 01:16:47:21 | The Dadaists encountered the Situationists, |
| 01:16:48:00 | 01:16:53:19 | the Weimar-era avant-garde met their French comrades |
| 01:16:53:23 | 01:16:57:16 | and picked up conversational threads |
| 01:16:57:20 | 01:17:00:12 | that had been torn by the War. |
| 01:17:00:22 | 01:17:05:16 | The old Marxists butted heads with French Heideggerians, |
| 01:17:05:20 | 01:17:10:02 | who were amazed that Picard had been an old classmate of Heidegger's, |
| 01:17:10:06 | 01:17:12:04 | and barraged him with questions, |
| 01:17:12:08 | 01:17:16:14 | which he answered reluctantly but politely. |
| 01:17:17:16 | 01:17:21:11 | People of all political and artistic stripes, |
| 01:17:21:15 | 01:17:24:06 | origins, and nationalities. |
| 01:17:24:10 | 01:17:27:21 | A place where hope sprung anew |
| 01:17:28:00 | 01:17:33:02 | that this brutalized world could be put back together again. |
| 01:17:35:12 | 01:17:39:13 | And this marvelous drawing is by Marcel Marceau. |
| 01:17:45:05 | 01:17:50:22 | This is me with a small etching that I'd given Fritz Picard as a gift. |
| 01:17:57:10 | 01:18:02:12 | "A joyful reunion, after Berlin - Paris - New York... |
| 01:18:02:16 | 01:18:06:16 | A world + Picard - just as always! |
| 01:18:07:05 | 01:18:10:15 | With the best wishes for further futures! |
| 01:18:10:19 | 01:18:12:15 | Hans Richter." |
| 01:18:47:05 | 01:18:50:23 | And the supreme Dadasoph, Raoul Hausmann: |
| 01:18:52:02 | 01:18:56:01 | "To my old friend Picard, where all of Berlin comes together. |
| 01:18:56:15 | 01:18:59:04 | His friend from the old days." |
| 01:19:26:05 | 01:19:28:12 | Tristan Tzara, the Parisian Dadaist, |
| 01:19:28:16 | 01:19:33:11 | stood for the Franco-German friendship with all champions of the absurd. |
| 01:19:34:03 | 01:19:40:00 | At the foot of Montmartre, he had his friend Adolf Loos build him a house, |
| 01:19:40:04 | 01:19:43:01 | sublime in its form and modern. |
| 01:19:43:17 | 01:19:45:23 | In 1920, I came to Paris. 1920 kam ich nach Paris. |
| 01:19:46:16 | 01:19:49:16 | Dada created quite a stir here. Dada sorgte hier sehr für Furore. |
| 01:19:49:20 | 01:19:51:13 | It became a Parisian movement. Es wurde zu einer Pariser Bewegung. |
| 01:19:51:17 | 01:19:53:23 | Yes, it caused a scandal. Ja, er löste einen Skandal aus. |
| 01:19:54:02 | 01:19:56:11 | You might say, since Dada, Man kann sagen, dass es seit Dada |
| 01:19:56:15 | 01:19:58:10 | real scandals no longer exist. keine echten Skandale mehr gibt. |
| 01:19:58:14 | 01:20:00:21 | So art and literature can no longer Kann man heute in der Literatur und Kunst |
| 01:20:01:00 | 01:20:02:15 | cause a scandal today? keinen Skandal mehr auslösen? |
| 01:20:02:19 | 01:20:05:06 | Only when one is regressive. Nur indem man rückwärtsgewandt ist. |
| 01:20:05:10 | 01:20:06:15 | For example? Zum Beispiel? |
| 01:20:06:19 | 01:20:09:19 | Like Dalí, when he visited the Pope. Wie Dalí, wenn er den Papst besucht. |
| 01:20:17:13 | 01:20:21:22 | Walter Mehring sticking his pointy nose into a glass of liqueur. |
| 01:20:28:20 | 01:20:33:10 | Walter Mehring again with a Dadaist dedication |
| 01:20:33:14 | 01:20:35:15 | to "Charcuterie Kilogrammes," |
| 01:20:35:19 | 01:20:38:18 | instead of Librairie Calligrammes. |
| 01:20:47:11 | 01:20:49:17 | What did Dadaism mean to you Was bedeutete der Dadaismus für Sie, |
| 01:20:49:21 | 01:20:51:09 | when you discovered it? als Sie ihn endeckt haben? |
| 01:20:51:13 | 01:20:54:00 | Was it really anti-art? War er wirklich die Anti-Kunst? |
| 01:20:54:21 | 01:20:57:06 | I wouldn't call it "anti-art." Ich würde es nicht Anti-Kunst nennen. |
| 01:20:57:10 | 01:21:00:15 | Anti-art is like saying anti-love Anti-Kunst ist, als würde man Anti-Liebe |
| 01:21:00:21 | 01:21:02:21 | or atheist-theology, oder atheistische Theologie |
| 01:21:03:00 | 01:21:06:10 | or anti-anti-nuclear bomb." Oder Anti-Anti-Atombombe sagen. |
| 01:21:07:15 | 01:21:10:20 | Anti-art would be dilettantism. Anti-Kunst wäre der Dilettantismus. |
| 01:21:13:01 | 01:21:15:14 | And in your attitude toward Dadaism Und in Ihrer Haltung zum Dadaismus |
| 01:21:15:18 | 01:21:18:23 | you were anything but a dilettante. waren Sie alles andere als ein Dilettant. |
| 01:21:19:02 | 01:21:20:19 | Me? -Yes. Ich? -Ja. |
| 01:21:21:17 | 01:21:24:07 | Couldn't we call it "amateur"? Könnten wir es Amateur nennen? |
| 01:21:25:24 | 01:21:27:17 | Okay then, amateur. Gut, dann Amateur. |
| 01:21:37:21 | 01:21:41:21 | Walter Mehring too, always illustrated his books himself. |
| 01:21:42:00 | 01:21:44:15 | Text in dialogue with image. |
| 01:21:45:22 | 01:21:50:05 | I have clear memories of one reading that was especially moving. |
| 01:21:50:09 | 01:21:53:21 | He started with his mischievous poems from the '20s, |
| 01:21:54:00 | 01:21:57:17 | which he used to read in the Berlin cabarets. |
| 01:21:58:03 | 01:22:03:20 | And closed with one from the era of persecution and death. |
| 01:22:06:15 | 01:22:11:18 | Marseille, New Year's 1940-1941. |
| 01:22:11:23 | 01:22:13:11 | In Memoriam. |
| 01:22:15:02 | 01:22:17:23 | "On the door of my hut |
| 01:22:18:10 | 01:22:21:22 | the New Year pounds a dozen times, |
| 01:22:22:15 | 01:22:25:10 | and in hollowed tone of doom intones: |
| 01:22:26:04 | 01:22:29:05 | "These too are gone." |
| 01:22:30:01 | 01:22:34:08 | Hangs up a wreath and passes on his rounds. |
| 01:22:35:06 | 01:22:38:04 | The colors pale, plagued by the blight of lies. |
| 01:22:38:08 | 01:22:41:07 | Starved for the truth, the season token dies. |
| 01:22:41:18 | 01:22:43:22 | The richest fruitage in the season's yield |
| 01:22:44:01 | 01:22:46:14 | was left to rot upon a German field. |
| 01:22:47:10 | 01:22:48:12 | Mühsam: |
| 01:22:49:16 | 01:22:51:12 | poet, firm promethean, |
| 01:22:51:21 | 01:22:54:08 | was strangled, like a rabid dog. |
| 01:22:54:21 | 01:22:57:18 | Ossietzky: flung and flayed upon the ground. |
| 01:22:57:22 | 01:23:00:07 | Smiled and died, a proud unbeaten man. |
| 01:23:00:11 | 01:23:03:07 | He, having won the prize of peace now gave |
| 01:23:03:14 | 01:23:05:22 | his gain to death for peace within the grave. |
| 01:23:06:06 | 01:23:08:04 | The richest fruitage in the season's yield |
| 01:23:08:08 | 01:23:10:17 | was left to rot upon a German field. |
| 01:23:11:10 | 01:23:14:03 | A letter flutters down the script is blurred: |
| 01:23:14:14 | 01:23:19:05 | "Stupidities we once so jeered make our history. |
| 01:23:19:11 | 01:23:22:15 | With all my heart, Tucholsky. Count me out!" |
| 01:23:22:21 | 01:23:25:24 | Then the midnight sun lit the fierce drink |
| 01:23:26:07 | 01:23:29:12 | whereby he fell, self-done. |
| 01:23:30:10 | 01:23:32:20 | The richest fruitage in the season's yield |
| 01:23:32:24 | 01:23:34:21 | was left to rot upon a German field. |
| 01:23:35:13 | 01:23:37:01 | Ernst Toller, |
| 01:23:37:06 | 01:23:39:02 | companion since my youth, |
| 01:23:39:06 | 01:23:41:04 | fated to enlighten stages, |
| 01:23:41:08 | 01:23:45:24 | meetings, prison cells. |
| 01:23:46:20 | 01:23:50:04 | Snuffed himself out |
| 01:23:50:11 | 01:23:52:23 | under an alien sky far from the battle. |
| 01:23:53:03 | 01:23:54:22 | We still wonder why. |
| 01:23:55:09 | 01:23:58:21 | The best fruitage of the season's yield was left to rot upon a German field. |
| 01:23:59:11 | 01:24:04:08 | In all this world there never was an inn quite like the one near Luxembourg, |
| 01:24:04:21 | 01:24:07:23 | where we mixed right policy with left culture |
| 01:24:08:02 | 01:24:10:22 | Joseph Roth, |
| 01:24:11:11 | 01:24:14:19 | a bearded prophet with a wine-drenched breath |
| 01:24:15:05 | 01:24:18:03 | who very sagely drank himself to death. |
| 01:24:18:10 | 01:24:23:09 | The noble fruitage of the season's yield was left to rot upon a German field. |
| 01:24:23:17 | 01:24:26:09 | Just before our Paris fell, |
| 01:24:26:13 | 01:24:29:03 | and I, released from jail discovered you again, |
| 01:24:29:07 | 01:24:32:14 | the exile Ernst Weiss came to visit us, |
| 01:24:33:02 | 01:24:35:00 | yet left his life. |
| 01:24:35:06 | 01:24:39:08 | Poet and surgeon: he mixed himself a bane, |
| 01:24:39:21 | 01:24:42:19 | quaffed it down before the croaking Huns flew into town. |
| 01:24:42:23 | 01:24:46:08 | The best fruitage of the season's yield was left to rot upon a German field. |
| 01:24:47:05 | 01:24:50:18 | Philosophic Lessing, tried and slain. |
| 01:24:52:05 | 01:24:55:13 | And Hasenclever, steeped in French esprit, |
| 01:24:56:01 | 01:24:58:22 | dead in a French camp... |
| 01:24:59:02 | 01:25:00:24 | What grim comedy! |
| 01:25:01:16 | 01:25:03:06 | Carl Einstein, |
| 01:25:03:19 | 01:25:05:12 | caught and hanged. |
| 01:25:05:20 | 01:25:08:08 | While Olden drowned with Canada in sight. |
| 01:25:08:12 | 01:25:13:22 | The noble fruitage of the season's yield, his life spilled in vain upon the field. |
| 01:25:14:17 | 01:25:18:20 | Now Horváth, crushed beneath a stricken tree, |
| 01:25:18:24 | 01:25:23:17 | cheated fate and exile. |
| 01:25:24:01 | 01:25:26:17 | He died a satyr-being, |
| 01:25:27:00 | 01:25:28:11 | wildly free... |
| 01:25:29:05 | 01:25:33:00 | The door creaks... is pounded a dozen times. |
| 01:25:34:00 | 01:25:35:13 | Eleven are gone, |
| 01:25:36:01 | 01:25:38:04 | and now the Reaper speaks: |
| 01:25:38:12 | 01:25:42:02 | The richest fruitage of the season's yield was left to rot upon a German field. |
| 01:25:42:06 | 01:25:44:23 | Within this hut, where days drag, |
| 01:25:45:02 | 01:25:47:10 | You in New York, and I in Marseilles, |
| 01:25:47:14 | 01:25:52:15 | in vain recalling memories, |
| 01:25:53:06 | 01:25:56:14 | awaiting the call to join the dead eleven |
| 01:25:56:19 | 01:25:58:18 | in some hard nether world, or gentler heaven. |
| 01:25:59:01 | 01:26:03:04 | The richest fruitage of the season's yield was left to rot upon a German field. |
| 01:26:03:08 | 01:26:05:23 | If one high boon were granted, |
| 01:26:06:02 | 01:26:10:05 | I would dare command this New Year's Eve |
| 01:26:10:09 | 01:26:15:02 | to carry you here firm, and sweet. |
| 01:26:15:06 | 01:26:17:21 | That every nerve of mine twang quick and bare. |
| 01:26:18:01 | 01:26:21:20 | I would breathe and sense you utterly |
| 01:26:22:14 | 01:26:26:07 | while love's deliriant potion heightened me. |
| 01:26:27:00 | 01:26:31:11 | But, ah, this wine I sip, tastes of the dead, |
| 01:26:32:05 | 01:26:35:12 | pressed from a vintage, never harvested." |
| 01:26:47:01 | 01:26:49:22 | After that, you could hear a pin drop. |
| 01:26:51:02 | 01:26:54:08 | It was Mehring himself who broke the silence: |
| 01:26:54:12 | 01:26:57:20 | "To life! Let's drink." |
| 01:26:58:24 | 01:27:02:03 | These literary luminaries' readings, |
| 01:27:02:12 | 01:27:05:03 | and my encounters and conversations with them, |
| 01:27:05:07 | 01:27:08:03 | had an enormous impact on me. |
| 01:27:08:07 | 01:27:12:22 | and expanded my horizons almost explosively. |
| 01:27:16:12 | 01:27:21:03 | Friedlaender's Studio |
| 01:27:24:10 | 01:27:28:17 | Johnny Friedlaender's studio, was a cosmos all its own. |
| 01:27:28:21 | 01:27:31:13 | Here I learned etching techniques. |
| 01:27:31:17 | 01:27:37:12 | It was the first port of call for learning the techniques of this art form, |
| 01:27:37:16 | 01:27:39:10 | including experimental ones. |
| 01:27:39:14 | 01:27:42:14 | Friedlaender belonged to the École de Paris |
| 01:27:42:18 | 01:27:46:02 | and was an excellent craftsman and teacher. |
| 01:27:48:01 | 01:27:50:24 | Aquatint involves dusting a copper plate Bei Aquatina wird eine Kupferplatte |
| 01:27:51:03 | 01:27:55:06 | with powdered resin and then heating it. mit pulverisiertem Harz bestäubt und erhitzt. |
| 01:27:55:17 | 01:27:58:05 | The resin sticks to the plate, Das Harz klebt auf der Platte, |
| 01:27:59:00 | 01:28:01:17 | the etching solution etches the plate die Ätzlösung greift die Platte |
| 01:28:01:21 | 01:28:03:23 | between the resin particles. zwischen den Harzpartikeln an. |
| 01:28:09:05 | 01:28:13:11 | The studio was in a former factory |
| 01:28:13:15 | 01:28:15:16 | and was very spacious. |
| 01:28:16:02 | 01:28:19:06 | The old presses with their huge flywheels |
| 01:28:19:10 | 01:28:25:18 | reminded me of Man Ray's photos of Meret Oppenheim. |
| 01:28:26:16 | 01:28:29:10 | Next to the presses were long studio tables. |
| 01:28:29:14 | 01:28:31:06 | The master sat at the first table. |
| 01:28:31:18 | 01:28:36:06 | To his left was an Italian beauty of Raphaelite symmetry, |
| 01:28:36:24 | 01:28:40:01 | to his right, a blond Frenchwoman, |
| 01:28:40:05 | 01:28:41:14 | of the garçonne type. |
| 01:28:42:05 | 01:28:45:15 | Across from the master was Alejandro from Cuba, |
| 01:28:45:19 | 01:28:49:19 | wearing a woolen blanket draped over his shoulders. |
| 01:28:51:04 | 01:28:54:06 | He was young, handsome, melancholy, |
| 01:28:54:10 | 01:28:56:03 | and homosexual. |
| 01:28:56:07 | 01:29:01:02 | The Cubans had certified that last detail with a stamp in his passport. |
| 01:29:11:06 | 01:29:13:17 | He arrived as a refugee in a Paris |
| 01:29:13:21 | 01:29:18:01 | that celebrated Régis Debray as one of Che Guevara's brothers-in-arms |
| 01:29:18:05 | 01:29:20:13 | and idealized Cuba. |
| 01:29:21:03 | 01:29:24:24 | He found himself out in the cold, between a rock and a hard place. |
| 01:29:25:03 | 01:29:30:06 | Next to Alejandro worked Araki San, a Japanese dwarf. |
| 01:29:31:01 | 01:29:34:16 | While I brewed strong espresso on the gas burner, |
| 01:29:34:20 | 01:29:39:04 | he used to sing and dance in the rhythm of a Japanese Noh play |
| 01:29:39:08 | 01:29:41:03 | on the master's table, |
| 01:29:41:07 | 01:29:43:06 | clapping his hands |
| 01:29:43:10 | 01:29:48:15 | or vigorously stamping his feet on the copper plates. |
| 01:29:53:13 | 01:29:57:08 | The second and third tables were for eager students |
| 01:29:57:12 | 01:30:00:06 | who came from every corner of the world. |
| 01:30:00:10 | 01:30:04:12 | Finally, the fourth table was for well-heeled ladies, |
| 01:30:04:16 | 01:30:07:19 | most of them English or American, |
| 01:30:07:23 | 01:30:14:01 | who good-naturedly sponsored the studio and its often penniless students |
| 01:30:14:05 | 01:30:17:08 | and played the role of the Greek chorus. |
| 01:30:35:11 | 01:30:41:08 | The Friedlaenders, whose hospitality knew no bounds, |
| 01:30:41:17 | 01:30:46:17 | invited me to dinners with artists and interesting people |
| 01:30:46:21 | 01:30:48:16 | from around the world. |
| 01:30:48:20 | 01:30:54:01 | It wasn't unusual for the conversations to take place in four or five languages. |
| 01:30:56:06 | 01:30:58:13 | I'm delighted to be able to tell you Ich bin froh, Ihnen sagen zu können, |
| 01:30:58:17 | 01:31:00:07 | that many young people dass viele junge Menschen |
| 01:31:00:11 | 01:31:02:18 | benefit from my experience, von meiner Erfahrung profitieren |
| 01:31:02:22 | 01:31:06:03 | and learn the technique of etching. und die Technik der Radierung erlernen. |
| 01:31:06:14 | 01:31:08:13 | That makes me happy and I hope Das macht mir Freude und ich hoffe, |
| 01:31:08:17 | 01:31:10:21 | it continues for some time. es geht noch eine Weile so weiter. |
| 01:31:11:00 | 01:31:12:24 | Do young people still come to you? Kommen noch junge Leute zu Ihnen? |
| 01:31:13:03 | 01:31:14:18 | Yes, they keep coming Ja, sie kommen, |
| 01:31:14:22 | 01:31:16:24 | from every country in the world. und zwar aus allen Ländern der Welt. |
| 01:31:17:03 | 01:31:18:20 | People from every nation Menschen aller Nationen |
| 01:31:18:24 | 01:31:20:00 | come to me. kommen zu mir. |
| 01:31:23:06 | 01:31:28:14 | Picard had shown Hubert von Ranke etchings from my "Israel" portfolio, |
| 01:31:28:18 | 01:31:31:18 | which I'd printed at Friedlaender's studio. |
| 01:31:31:22 | 01:31:35:08 | That led to my first radio interview, |
| 01:31:35:12 | 01:31:38:08 | which I was very excited about. |
| 01:31:38:12 | 01:31:44:09 | Among the many artists who came and went at Fritz Picard's bookstore, |
| 01:31:44:20 | 01:31:49:09 | I met the highly talented young German painter and graphic artist |
| 01:31:49:13 | 01:31:51:12 | Ulrike Ottinger. |
| 01:31:52:00 | 01:31:56:15 | I was eager to ask what brought her to Paris, and specifically here, |
| 01:31:56:19 | 01:31:59:10 | Saint-Germain-des-Prés. |
| 01:31:59:23 | 01:32:04:02 | Well, I come from a small, rural town in southern Germany. |
| 01:32:04:06 | 01:32:06:22 | And I think, when you're still young, |
| 01:32:07:01 | 01:32:10:21 | you need to get out and see a lot of art. |
| 01:32:11:00 | 01:32:14:18 | And Paris, particularly this quartier, is great for that |
| 01:32:14:24 | 01:32:19:16 | with all the galleries on every street. Wherever you go, you see art. |
| 01:32:19:20 | 01:32:22:15 | Whether you want to or not. |
| 01:32:23:01 | 01:32:25:14 | Paris offers artists a great deal. |
| 01:32:25:18 | 01:32:29:12 | But it also lets you do your own thing, which is very important. |
| 01:32:29:22 | 01:32:32:16 | And where do you work? -I work |
| 01:32:32:24 | 01:32:35:08 | in Johnny Friedlaender's studio. |
| 01:32:35:12 | 01:32:38:13 | We practice all sorts of techniques: |
| 01:32:38:17 | 01:32:42:09 | eau-forte, aquatint, and yes, etchings as well. |
| 01:32:42:16 | 01:32:45:16 | At Picard's, I also saw your "Israel" portfolio, |
| 01:32:45:20 | 01:32:48:14 | with your beautiful, suggestive color etchings. |
| 01:32:48:18 | 01:32:53:15 | I heard that the French National Library bought a portfolio right away. |
| 01:32:54:02 | 01:32:56:10 | Have you ever been to Israel? |
| 01:32:56:18 | 01:32:59:06 | What inspired these etchings? |
| 01:32:59:10 | 01:33:03:07 | I've never been to Israel, but I've always been interested |
| 01:33:03:11 | 01:33:07:02 | in the country and the Jewish problem. |
| 01:33:08:20 | 01:33:11:09 | Some young Israelis came to Picard's, |
| 01:33:11:13 | 01:33:16:10 | they looked at them and couldn't believe that I'd never been to Israel. |
| 01:33:16:14 | 01:33:18:21 | That's what pleased me the most. |
| 01:33:36:12 | 01:33:40:03 | Rooms in the city were tiny and living conditions miserable. |
| 01:33:40:07 | 01:33:44:16 | Even the cheap hotel rooms had no heat or running water. |
| 01:33:44:24 | 01:33:49:18 | So the cafés became our work spaces and living rooms. |
| 01:33:49:24 | 01:33:55:13 | You could receive phone calls there, and they would reliably pass on messages. |
| 01:33:56:03 | 01:34:00:19 | That's where I wrote letters and made preparatory sketches for my pictures. |
| 01:34:00:23 | 01:34:05:05 | You could sit in the warmth all day for one cup of coffee. |
| 01:34:05:09 | 01:34:09:02 | And no waiter would dare disturb |
| 01:34:09:06 | 01:34:13:05 | the regulars as they wrote or chatted. |
| 01:34:13:20 | 01:34:20:05 | Simone Signoret read her screenplays while smoking countless cigarettes, |
| 01:34:20:09 | 01:34:24:00 | Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir worked on their novels |
| 01:34:24:04 | 01:34:28:17 | or met friends to discuss the phenomenology of the everyday |
| 01:34:28:21 | 01:34:31:04 | by considering the nearest object at hand, |
| 01:34:31:08 | 01:34:36:00 | say a kir or an apricot cocktail. |
| 01:34:41:12 | 01:34:45:16 | And almost daily, Jean Rouch would sit here with Marceline Loridan. |
| 01:34:45:20 | 01:34:49:18 | For his film Chronicle of a Summer, |
| 01:34:49:22 | 01:34:52:23 | he'd send her out into Paris to ask people: |
| 01:34:53:02 | 01:34:55:06 | "Are you happy?" |
| 01:34:55:14 | 01:34:59:15 | In the café they would come up with many interesting antics of this sort. |
| 01:34:59:19 | 01:35:02:12 | It was more than just a rainy-day refuge. |
| 01:35:10:00 | 01:35:11:14 | On the Rue de Seine, |
| 01:35:11:18 | 01:35:15:17 | you might run into the eccentric genius of Saint-Germain, |
| 01:35:15:21 | 01:35:17:12 | Raymond Duncan, |
| 01:35:17:16 | 01:35:21:09 | the brother of the famous dancer Isadora Duncan. |
| 01:35:21:13 | 01:35:23:12 | Wearing a toga he'd woven himself, |
| 01:35:23:16 | 01:35:27:01 | paired with a headband and home-cobbled sandals, |
| 01:35:27:05 | 01:35:30:04 | he would ensnare someone at the bar |
| 01:35:30:08 | 01:35:34:00 | into a conversation about his philosophy of life: |
| 01:35:35:00 | 01:35:36:12 | Das Prinzip ist Folgendes: |
| 01:35:36:16 | 01:35:39:14 | Mach alles selbst, was du brauchst. |
| 01:35:40:09 | 01:35:44:05 | Und versuche, nicht zu brauchen, was du nicht herstellen kannst. |
| 01:35:45:09 | 01:35:46:21 | Das ist... |
| 01:35:48:06 | 01:35:50:22 | ... das Ziel, das wir niemals erreichen. |
| 01:36:59:02 | 01:37:04:22 | La Hune was a temple of French literature crowded until midnight. |
| 01:37:05:16 | 01:37:08:24 | Gallimard launched new releases there |
| 01:37:09:03 | 01:37:12:15 | and the Lettrists presented their poetic sounds. |
| 01:37:23:13 | 01:37:29:13 | My Parisian Friends and the Algerian Trauma |
| 01:37:37:15 | 01:37:41:11 | My friend Fernand Teyssier was a post-surrealist painter |
| 01:37:41:15 | 01:37:44:23 | who later, like me, switched to nouvelle figuration, |
| 01:37:45:02 | 01:37:48:00 | the Parisian equivalent of pop art. |
| 01:37:57:07 | 01:38:01:12 | For lack of space, the small courtyard became our studio. |
| 01:38:01:16 | 01:38:04:17 | We worked there whenever it wasn't raining. |
| 01:38:27:10 | 01:38:31:15 | He lived with his wife Vanda on an old narrow street |
| 01:38:31:19 | 01:38:36:10 | in a ground-floor studio apartment with a little kitchen nook, |
| 01:38:36:14 | 01:38:39:17 | where every night for my first six months, |
| 01:38:39:21 | 01:38:45:00 | I'd set up my air mattress between the gas stove and the vegetables. |
| 01:38:47:21 | 01:38:52:18 | I'd already met some of my Paris friends back in my hometown of Konstanz, |
| 01:38:52:22 | 01:38:57:08 | where they were stationed as French soldiers. |
| 01:39:05:07 | 01:39:09:10 | One day, they showed up at my studio in Konstanz, |
| 01:39:09:14 | 01:39:13:21 | which was located in the large pantry of a medieval house. |
| 01:39:14:00 | 01:39:17:00 | To show the way, there was a sign that said: |
| 01:39:17:04 | 01:39:19:21 | Please follow the Red Thread. |
| 01:39:20:00 | 01:39:23:09 | This led them up staircases and through courtyards. |
| 01:39:23:16 | 01:39:28:01 | From then on, we organized exhibitions and poetry readings together |
| 01:39:28:05 | 01:39:31:00 | for a mixed French and German audience. |
| 01:39:37:07 | 01:39:41:17 | Those friends had various left-wing views |
| 01:39:41:21 | 01:39:44:03 | and detested nothing more than the idea |
| 01:39:44:07 | 01:39:48:04 | of being deployed in the viciously waged Algerian War. |
| 01:39:49:01 | 01:39:52:00 | Fernand Teyssier became a deserter for that reason, |
| 01:39:52:04 | 01:39:56:01 | and I secretly gave him one of my father's suits. |
| 01:39:56:09 | 01:40:01:02 | My father later took offense that I hadn't let him in on the secret. |
| 01:40:01:12 | 01:40:02:22 | He said, |
| 01:40:03:05 | 01:40:06:07 | "If I'd known he wanted to desert, |
| 01:40:06:11 | 01:40:09:12 | I would have had a suit tailored just for him. |
| 01:40:09:16 | 01:40:13:08 | Then he would have looked good and less conspicuous." |
| 01:40:22:16 | 01:40:25:07 | The glazier! Der Glaser! |
| 01:40:26:14 | 01:40:30:17 | Teyssier's apartment was near the Boulevard du Montparnasse |
| 01:40:30:21 | 01:40:33:00 | with its historic cafés, |
| 01:40:33:08 | 01:40:34:24 | the Select and the Dôme, |
| 01:40:35:03 | 01:40:38:06 | where the old avant-garde still met, |
| 01:40:38:10 | 01:40:41:04 | joined by the younger generation. |
| 01:40:41:18 | 01:40:44:17 | I'd go there to meet up with my artist friends, |
| 01:40:44:21 | 01:40:48:22 | who included Alain Lance, the writer, German scholar, |
| 01:40:49:01 | 01:40:53:16 | and future translator of Christa Wolff and Volker Braun. |
| 01:40:55:06 | 01:40:57:21 | Shortly after Algeria's independence, |
| 01:40:58:00 | 01:41:00:18 | he worked as a teacher in Algeria |
| 01:41:00:22 | 01:41:04:24 | to help build the new Algerian state. |
| 01:41:07:13 | 01:41:13:03 | I'd arrived in a Paris that granted the colonies a kind of autonomy |
| 01:41:13:07 | 01:41:17:16 | and had signed a peace treaty with Algeria in 1962. |
| 01:41:20:02 | 01:41:23:21 | Algeria was the defining topic of our conversations, |
| 01:41:24:05 | 01:41:29:18 | and a topic that we also addressed in our art. |
| 01:41:32:11 | 01:41:38:06 | My friends published a poetry collection in the spirit of action poétique, |
| 01:41:38:10 | 01:41:43:22 | for which the Surrealist poet Philippe Soupault wrote a preface: |
| 01:41:44:20 | 01:41:46:18 | "For those who love poetry, |
| 01:41:46:22 | 01:41:50:20 | all experiences in that realm are passionate ones. |
| 01:41:51:04 | 01:41:55:15 | What these four friends are exploring here is thrilling to me." |
| 01:41:59:01 | 01:42:03:14 | I had previously met Ré and Philippe Soupault at Picard's. |
| 01:42:03:18 | 01:42:06:17 | We treasured both of them for their artwork |
| 01:42:07:09 | 01:42:11:04 | and their political involvement. |
| 01:42:12:02 | 01:42:15:18 | During the Second World War, they had lived in the Maghreb, |
| 01:42:16:15 | 01:42:18:21 | where Philippe Soupault established |
| 01:42:19:00 | 01:42:22:24 | a Francophone anti-fascist broadcast station in Tunis, |
| 01:42:23:05 | 01:42:28:11 | and Ré Soupault photographed women in the "closed" district. |
| 01:42:56:20 | 01:43:00:22 | She wasn't able to publish her book A Woman Alone Belongs to Everyone |
| 01:43:01:01 | 01:43:07:17 | until the late 1980s, when the lost negatives resurfaced. |
| 01:43:09:14 | 01:43:15:12 | The Vichy government falsely accused Philippe Soupault of treason |
| 01:43:15:16 | 01:43:17:18 | and imprisoned him. |
| 01:43:17:22 | 01:43:21:04 | He and his wife made a dramatic escape, |
| 01:43:21:08 | 01:43:26:01 | leaving everything behind, and fled to Algeria. |
| 01:43:39:14 | 01:43:42:11 | Albert Camus, who was himself a "pied noir", |
| 01:43:42:15 | 01:43:45:11 | as the French Algerians were known, |
| 01:43:45:15 | 01:43:49:23 | had proposed a federation of equals, |
| 01:43:50:02 | 01:43:55:10 | saying that a federation is "a union of differences". |
| 01:43:55:15 | 01:43:58:17 | That was only one of his many suggested solutions, |
| 01:43:58:21 | 01:44:03:04 | which he also discussed with his Algerian writer friends |
| 01:44:03:08 | 01:44:07:08 | because he knew where that hatred could lead. |
| 01:44:07:14 | 01:44:10:20 | Since he didn't consistently take one side, |
| 01:44:10:24 | 01:44:14:03 | many people felt he was not radical enough. |
| 01:44:14:20 | 01:44:19:22 | But he taught me plenty about revolts, and not only in Algeria. |
| 01:44:26:23 | 01:44:30:21 | At the Lipp brasserie, we used to meet with the Soupaults, |
| 01:44:31:00 | 01:44:34:14 | whose detailed knowledge of the very complex causes |
| 01:44:34:18 | 01:44:40:01 | and effects of the Algerian War made them very valuable to us. |
| 01:44:40:17 | 01:44:45:05 | They would jump into our heated debates with points of clarification |
| 01:44:45:09 | 01:44:49:15 | and slightly dampened our wholehearted enthusiasm |
| 01:44:49:23 | 01:44:52:21 | for the new socialist Algeria. |
| 01:45:04:17 | 01:45:09:10 | The ever strengthening nationalism in parts of the FLN, |
| 01:45:09:14 | 01:45:13:17 | which had split into rival factions with different alliances, |
| 01:45:13:21 | 01:45:17:03 | such as with Egypt, |
| 01:45:17:07 | 01:45:20:21 | was a source of concern for them. |
| 01:45:23:04 | 01:45:28:22 | We also talked about Panijel's film Octobre à Paris. |
| 01:45:29:10 | 01:45:33:21 | In 1961 and '62, he had filmed Algerians |
| 01:45:34:00 | 01:45:37:08 | living in their slums in Paris. |
| 01:46:01:10 | 01:46:05:08 | Most Algerians in Paris lived on the outskirts. |
| 01:46:05:12 | 01:46:09:15 | They provided the cheap labor the city urgently needed. |
| 01:46:10:10 | 01:46:15:18 | They gathered what Parisians threw out and built shacks. |
| 01:46:16:10 | 01:46:20:01 | These places were called bidonvilles: shanty towns. |
| 01:46:24:15 | 01:46:27:05 | Here, we live in a slum... Wir leben hier in einem Elendsviertel... |
| 01:46:27:09 | 01:46:31:02 | ... nine people to a room. ... zu neunt in einem Raum. |
| 01:46:31:23 | 01:46:36:05 | No toilet, water, stove... no nothing. Ohne Toilette, Wasser, Herd... ohne alles. |
| 01:46:50:24 | 01:46:56:04 | Panijel combined a reenactment of how the demonstration started, |
| 01:46:56:08 | 01:46:59:12 | with documentary footage of the events. |
| 01:46:59:19 | 01:47:03:14 | The FLN, the Algerian liberation movement, |
| 01:47:03:18 | 01:47:09:19 | called for a peaceful demonstration in October 1961, |
| 01:47:09:23 | 01:47:14:08 | to push for negotiations for Algeria's independence. |
| 01:47:14:15 | 01:47:17:24 | At the same time, the shanty town residents were demanding |
| 01:47:18:03 | 01:47:22:02 | better living conditions and, above all, an end to the curfew |
| 01:47:22:06 | 01:47:27:12 | that the notorious police chief, Maurice Papon, had imposed |
| 01:47:27:16 | 01:47:30:08 | and only applied to Algerians. |
| 01:47:30:13 | 01:47:34:21 | The demonstrators arrived unarmed and with peaceful intentions, |
| 01:47:35:00 | 01:47:38:05 | including some women and children. |
| 01:47:38:14 | 01:47:43:07 | The police committed acts of unimaginable brutality. |
| 01:47:43:21 | 01:47:47:06 | Many people were beaten to death or severely injured. |
| 01:47:47:10 | 01:47:52:12 | Others were simply shot in the courtyard of the prefecture of police. |
| 01:47:53:03 | 01:47:56:17 | According to witnesses outside the REX cinema, |
| 01:47:56:21 | 01:48:00:17 | the police rounded up the wounded |
| 01:48:00:21 | 01:48:04:03 | and literally stacked the bodies of the dead. |
| 01:48:05:16 | 01:48:10:03 | This all happened in plain view of moviegoers and passersby. |
| 01:48:30:17 | 01:48:35:00 | There were estimates of between 200 and 300 dead |
| 01:48:35:08 | 01:48:37:13 | that night alone. |
| 01:48:37:17 | 01:48:42:15 | Over the days that followed, bodies washed up on the banks of the Seine. |
| 01:48:42:24 | 01:48:46:23 | To this day there hasn't been a legal investigation. |
| 01:48:47:13 | 01:48:52:12 | The murderers among the police were never held accountable. |
| 01:48:52:23 | 01:48:56:16 | A blanket of silence, ordered from on high, |
| 01:48:56:20 | 01:48:59:00 | descended over everything. |
| 01:48:59:04 | 01:49:02:12 | Even opposition newspapers did not report on it, |
| 01:49:02:16 | 01:49:07:09 | and photographs of the events vanished from newsrooms. |
| 01:49:26:01 | 01:49:29:21 | The orders for the murderous police response |
| 01:49:30:00 | 01:49:33:01 | had been given by Prefect Papon. |
| 01:49:33:18 | 01:49:36:09 | Under Pétain's Vichy government, |
| 01:49:36:13 | 01:49:40:00 | the same man had been in charge of deporting Jews |
| 01:49:40:04 | 01:49:42:14 | to Nazi death camps. |
| 01:49:42:18 | 01:49:45:14 | A task he performed mercilessly. |
| 01:49:50:04 | 01:49:54:08 | Inspired by the Algerian War, |
| 01:49:54:12 | 01:49:58:01 | Jean Genet had written a play called The Screens. |
| 01:49:58:13 | 01:50:02:06 | Even after the war ended, the subject was so explosive |
| 01:50:02:10 | 01:50:06:23 | that nobody in France had the courage to stage it |
| 01:50:07:02 | 01:50:10:14 | until Jean-Louis Barrault did in 1966. |
| 01:50:15:03 | 01:50:18:01 | The premiere at his Théatre de l'Odéon, |
| 01:50:18:05 | 01:50:22:11 | directed by Roger Blin and with a cast of famous actors, |
| 01:50:22:15 | 01:50:27:02 | Madeleine Renaud, Maria Casarès, Jean-Pierre Granval, |
| 01:50:27:10 | 01:50:29:03 | and Barrault himself |
| 01:50:29:07 | 01:50:32:02 | became at once the greatest success |
| 01:50:32:10 | 01:50:35:09 | and the greatest theatrical scandal. |
| 01:50:35:21 | 01:50:40:03 | It outrageously violated the taboo: the conspiracy of silence |
| 01:50:40:11 | 01:50:42:09 | about Algeria. |
| 01:50:54:02 | 01:50:56:04 | You know the subject matter. Sie kennen das Thema. |
| 01:50:56:08 | 01:50:59:15 | The starting point is the Algerian tragedy. Der Ausgangspunkt ist das Algerien-Drama. |
| 01:50:59:19 | 01:51:01:23 | But it quickly develops on a level Aber es gerät schnell auf eine Ebene, |
| 01:51:02:02 | 01:51:05:01 | that generalizes the problem die das Problem generalisiert und die |
| 01:51:05:05 | 01:51:09:18 | and addresses fundamental human issues. Hauptprobleme des Menschen thematisiert. |
| 01:51:10:23 | 01:51:13:15 | The Algerians are on one side, Auf der einen Seite gibt es die Algerier, |
| 01:51:13:19 | 01:51:15:15 | and the Europeans on the other. auf der anderen die Europäer. |
| 01:51:15:19 | 01:51:19:11 | Genet is a kind of anarchist knight Genet ist eine Art anarchistischer Ritter, |
| 01:51:19:20 | 01:51:22:06 | who judges the problem with a der das Problem mit einer |
| 01:51:22:14 | 01:51:25:24 | sort of lofty impartiality. hochmütigen Unbefangenheit beurteilt. |
| 01:51:26:03 | 01:51:28:18 | He comes to the conclusion Er schließt daraus, dass das Elend |
| 01:51:29:08 | 01:51:33:08 | that the misery lies between the two camps. zwischen den beiden Lagern liegt. |
| 01:51:37:12 | 01:51:41:15 | Genet's expletive language was complemented |
| 01:51:41:19 | 01:51:45:23 | by very stylized dialogue, gestures, and visuals. |
| 01:51:46:02 | 01:51:50:18 | The costumes were more like works of architecture |
| 01:51:50:22 | 01:51:53:21 | and displayed Maghrebinian diversity, |
| 01:51:54:00 | 01:51:59:16 | incorporating nomadic and Eastern Jewish elements. |
| 01:51:59:21 | 01:52:02:18 | Every detail was interrelated. |
| 01:52:02:22 | 01:52:06:07 | It was an extremely complex, comprehensive work of art |
| 01:52:06:11 | 01:52:10:07 | and for me, it was an unforgettable theatrical experience. |
| 01:52:10:11 | 01:52:13:07 | Everything is conveyed theatrically. Alles wird theatralisch übertragen. |
| 01:52:13:11 | 01:52:17:19 | My wig will be a meter high and sky-blue. Meine Perücke wird sehr hoch und himmelblau. |
| 01:52:18:00 | 01:52:22:22 | Everyone's make-up will be like a painting. Das Make-up wird wie ein Gemälde aufgetragen. |
| 01:52:23:16 | 01:52:27:17 | It's not beautifying make-up, it's blatant. Es ist vor allem ein sichtbares Make-up. |
| 01:52:28:06 | 01:52:29:15 | So... Das heißt... |
| 01:52:30:15 | 01:52:34:03 | It could be ashen, it could be greenish. Es kann aschfahl, grünlich sein. |
| 01:52:34:11 | 01:52:37:12 | The eyes and contours are accentuated. Augen und Konturen werden betont. |
| 01:52:37:19 | 01:52:39:04 | We no longer look natural. Wir haben nichts Natürliches mehr. |
| 01:52:49:05 | 01:52:52:07 | GENET A GENIUS EXORCIST |
| 01:52:52:11 | 01:52:55:10 | GENET EIN GENIALER EXORZIST |
| 01:52:56:10 | 01:52:57:24 | Performances of the play |
| 01:52:58:03 | 01:53:02:07 | sparked riots amidst right-wing soldiers and their supporters. |
| 01:53:02:11 | 01:53:05:16 | They saw the play as an insult to their honor |
| 01:53:05:20 | 01:53:09:00 | and a betrayal of French Algerians. |
| 01:53:09:22 | 01:53:14:11 | So they flung chairs, dead rats, eggs, tomatoes, |
| 01:53:14:15 | 01:53:19:22 | flares, and smoke bombs at the actors and spectators. |
| 01:53:20:08 | 01:53:23:14 | People were wounded, and the fire curtain was dropped, |
| 01:53:24:01 | 01:53:27:09 | only to be reopened soon afterwards. |
| 01:53:27:20 | 01:53:31:05 | Despite all the attacks and the fiery disturbances, |
| 01:53:31:09 | 01:53:33:01 | the show simply went on. |
| 01:53:33:08 | 01:53:37:03 | Eight months later, the last performance was attended |
| 01:53:37:07 | 01:53:40:18 | by the Minister of Cultural Affairs, André Malraux, |
| 01:53:40:22 | 01:53:43:00 | who had defended the Odéon |
| 01:53:43:04 | 01:53:46:12 | against all threatened budget cuts or closures. |
| 01:53:49:00 | 01:53:55:02 | Pop! My Parisian Experiments with Forms |
| 01:55:05:14 | 01:55:07:21 | Upstairs from the old Brasserie Balzar, |
| 01:55:08:00 | 01:55:10:13 | at the corner of Rue de la Sorbonne and Rue des Écoles, |
| 01:55:10:17 | 01:55:15:09 | I found a little garret, a chambre de bonne. |
| 01:55:17:02 | 01:55:22:18 | After moving several times between tiny attics and hotel rooms, |
| 01:55:22:22 | 01:55:25:03 | I was now living in the Latin Quarter, |
| 01:55:25:07 | 01:55:30:16 | the district with so many art-house cinemas. |
| 01:55:31:03 | 01:55:35:14 | From my attic window, I had a quintessential view. |
| 01:55:35:22 | 01:55:38:06 | The Sorbonne was close enough to touch, |
| 01:55:38:10 | 01:55:42:01 | and beneath me, Montaigne was sitting on his pedestal. |
| 01:55:42:05 | 01:55:47:01 | The tip of his foot dazzled from being rubbed so many times in veneration, |
| 01:55:47:05 | 01:55:49:23 | and the sparkle even reached me. |
| 01:55:51:00 | 01:55:55:00 | In the shadow of the magnificent Notre-Dame, |
| 01:55:55:04 | 01:55:59:05 | was the medieval building of the Musée Cluny |
| 01:55:59:09 | 01:56:02:01 | with its visually rich tapestries. |
| 01:56:02:05 | 01:56:05:22 | I enjoyed visiting The Lady and the Unicorn. |
| 01:56:10:00 | 01:56:12:19 | I didn't need a watch, because each time of day |
| 01:56:12:23 | 01:56:15:06 | had its own specific noises. |
| 01:56:15:10 | 01:56:19:10 | Starting at midnight, trucks loaded with vegetables |
| 01:56:19:14 | 01:56:21:09 | pig-halves, and fish |
| 01:56:21:13 | 01:56:24:06 | would rumble by on the way to Les Halles. |
| 01:56:24:10 | 01:56:28:10 | Beginning around 2 a.m., the iron tables from outside the cafés |
| 01:56:28:14 | 01:56:31:17 | would be pulled inside with a loud squeak on the asphalt, |
| 01:56:31:21 | 01:56:36:22 | and the noises would start all over again at seven in the morning. |
| 01:56:42:21 | 01:56:48:02 | Starting at 2 p.m., and before each film showing until midnight, |
| 01:56:48:10 | 01:56:53:22 | I would hear the singers and musicians performing on Rue Champollion |
| 01:56:54:01 | 01:56:59:13 | for the long lines of moviegoers or outside the cafés. |
| 01:57:00:10 | 01:57:02:21 | Here is a summary of the plot: Die Zusammenfassung der Handlung: |
| 01:57:03:00 | 01:57:07:18 | Mrs Durain's little daughter gets murdered. Frau Durains kleine Tochter wurde umgebracht. |
| 01:57:07:22 | 01:57:12:03 | She demands justice from her father. Sie fordert Gerechtigkeit von ihrem Vater. |
| 01:57:12:11 | 01:57:13:20 | Attention! Aufgepasst: |
| 01:57:38:05 | 01:57:40:07 | Ladies and gents, donations are permitted! Sie dürfen Geld geben, es ist erlaubt! |
| 01:57:40:15 | 01:57:42:22 | I'll keep going. Ich mache weiter. |
| 01:57:45:16 | 01:57:49:08 | After a while, I rented a second attic room, |
| 01:57:49:12 | 01:57:52:24 | similarly small, where I could work. |
| 01:57:53:17 | 01:57:55:23 | My friends modeled for me |
| 01:57:56:02 | 01:57:59:22 | and I arranged various scenarios with them. |
| 01:58:22:13 | 01:58:24:17 | Because the rooms were so tiny, |
| 01:58:24:21 | 01:58:28:07 | I made my paintings by combining multiple canvases. |
| 01:58:28:11 | 01:58:30:18 | To see them as a unit, |
| 01:58:31:01 | 01:58:35:00 | I spread them out in the courtyard and took a freight elevator, |
| 01:58:35:04 | 01:58:38:14 | secured by nothing more than loose mesh, |
| 01:58:38:18 | 01:58:42:02 | and escorted by the concierge and her comments, |
| 01:58:42:06 | 01:58:45:02 | I rode up five or six meters. |
| 01:58:57:02 | 01:59:01:19 | This combination of paintings matched the narrative form |
| 01:59:01:23 | 01:59:03:05 | of the Bande dessinée, |
| 01:59:03:20 | 01:59:06:14 | the French term for comic strip. |
| 01:59:11:11 | 01:59:15:04 | My paintings had evolved from a more symbolic form |
| 01:59:16:00 | 01:59:19:00 | to figuration narrative. |
| 01:59:39:24 | 01:59:43:06 | I was fascinated by cybernetics at the time, |
| 01:59:43:10 | 01:59:47:20 | so I integrated cybernetic models into my paintings, |
| 01:59:47:24 | 01:59:50:01 | often as sculptures. |
| 01:59:50:17 | 01:59:54:10 | So my two-dimensional canvases |
| 01:59:54:14 | 01:59:58:14 | increasingly became three-dimensional |
| 01:59:58:18 | 02:00:00:14 | tableaux-objects. |
| 02:00:23:24 | 02:00:28:21 | At an exhibition opening, I took my painting of Allen Ginsberg |
| 02:00:29:00 | 02:00:33:00 | that consisted of individual pieces of wood like a puzzle, |
| 02:00:33:04 | 02:00:35:14 | and shook it out at the center of the room, |
| 02:00:35:18 | 02:00:38:17 | where the visitors put it back together. |
| 02:00:41:15 | 02:00:46:12 | I used to play jazz records, Reynaldo Hahn |
| 02:00:46:16 | 02:00:48:04 | or Eric Satie, |
| 02:00:48:08 | 02:00:53:24 | and exhibit the books that I was reading at the time. |
| 02:00:54:16 | 02:01:00:03 | Overall, this type of painting or "action," as we said back then, |
| 02:01:00:07 | 02:01:05:02 | was shocking to most of Paris's conservative art connoisseurs, |
| 02:01:05:06 | 02:01:09:21 | who had recently struggled to come to terms with the École de Paris. |
| 02:01:16:01 | 02:01:18:02 | But we weren't alone. |
| 02:01:18:06 | 02:01:21:12 | At Ileana Sonnabend's American gallery, |
| 02:01:21:16 | 02:01:27:04 | we encountered works by Americans like Warhol, Rauschenberg, Wesselmann |
| 02:01:27:08 | 02:01:30:03 | and English pop artists. |
| 02:01:30:11 | 02:01:34:02 | Of that group, I was most fascinated by R.B. Kitaj, |
| 02:01:34:06 | 02:01:39:02 | who incorporated writing, books, and history into paintings, |
| 02:01:39:06 | 02:01:43:07 | such as The Murder of Rosa Luxemburg |
| 02:01:43:15 | 02:01:47:09 | and Mahler becomes Politics, Beisbol. |
| 02:01:53:22 | 02:01:59:13 | The Artists of Montparnasse |
| 02:02:36:09 | 02:02:42:00 | At the heart of Montparnasse lies the Académie de la Grande Chaumière, |
| 02:02:42:04 | 02:02:45:21 | treasured by artists for generations. |
| 02:02:46:07 | 02:02:48:10 | That's also where Ossip Zadkine |
| 02:02:48:18 | 02:02:53:12 | and the photographer Willy Maywald, a German émigré, had their studios. |
| 02:02:54:09 | 02:02:58:13 | A young Nico, not yet a famous singer, |
| 02:02:58:17 | 02:03:01:08 | became Maywald's favorite model. |
| 02:03:57:07 | 02:04:01:19 | After the war, Maywald had been Dior's in-house photographer |
| 02:04:01:23 | 02:04:04:24 | and had developed a reputation for his studio parties |
| 02:04:05:03 | 02:04:09:24 | The artists who gathered there let him take their portraits. |
| 02:04:10:03 | 02:04:14:05 | It was common in those circles for artists |
| 02:04:14:09 | 02:04:17:21 | to visit each other at their studios. |
| 02:04:37:13 | 02:04:42:12 | Ossip Zadkine's studio was right behind the courtyard of the Maywald Studio, |
| 02:04:42:16 | 02:04:46:17 | so they could visit each other through a small back door. |
| 02:04:46:21 | 02:04:48:18 | which I also used |
| 02:04:49:01 | 02:04:53:04 | to watch him as he worked on his wooden sculptures, |
| 02:04:53:11 | 02:04:55:09 | which I particularly loved. |
| 02:05:12:17 | 02:05:16:08 | "Les jours fixes" were special Paris institutions. |
| 02:05:16:12 | 02:05:19:21 | Besides going to Picard's, I was a regular guest |
| 02:05:20:00 | 02:05:22:15 | at Willy Maywald's nighttime gatherings. |
| 02:05:22:19 | 02:05:25:11 | Along with the artists and fashion designers, |
| 02:05:25:19 | 02:05:27:24 | you were sure to find German refugees, |
| 02:05:28:03 | 02:05:33:05 | who shared their common life stories along with artistic interests. |
| 02:05:34:20 | 02:05:39:02 | Another regular was Lou Albert-Lasard, who, like Maywald, |
| 02:05:39:06 | 02:05:44:20 | had been imprisoned at Gurs by the French Vichy government. |
| 02:05:45:04 | 02:05:49:08 | In her art, she depicted life at the camp. |
| 02:06:01:21 | 02:06:05:05 | In the studio, there was a staircase leading to a balcony, |
| 02:06:05:09 | 02:06:07:17 | which was my favorite place |
| 02:06:07:21 | 02:06:12:11 | because I could watch the lively socializing from above. |
| 02:06:12:22 | 02:06:15:13 | It was like a box at the theater. |
| 02:06:17:20 | 02:06:21:14 | The magnificent, elfin-like Valeska Gert, |
| 02:06:21:18 | 02:06:26:07 | once the darling of the Berlin avant-garde from Brecht to Tucholsky, |
| 02:06:26:17 | 02:06:29:11 | popped up like Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream, |
| 02:06:29:15 | 02:06:32:06 | her role in Max Reinhardt's production, |
| 02:06:32:10 | 02:06:36:13 | at Maywald's and Picard's when she visited Paris. |
| 02:06:40:16 | 02:06:44:12 | That blend of earnestness and anarchy, |
| 02:06:44:18 | 02:06:47:00 | elegance and eccentricity, |
| 02:06:47:04 | 02:06:50:08 | was the essence of those nights at Maywald's. |
| 02:06:50:20 | 02:06:54:23 | Once he even had a whole visiting Portuguese circus, |
| 02:06:55:02 | 02:07:01:01 | with acrobats, circus jockeys, animal tamers, clowns and dwarfs, |
| 02:07:01:08 | 02:07:05:06 | who entranced us with a musical spectacle. |
| 02:07:05:14 | 02:07:09:11 | I paid homage to that in my film Freak Orlando. |
| 02:07:32:13 | 02:07:39:08 | The Presence of the Colonial - My Ethnographical View into the World |
| 02:07:52:05 | 02:07:54:05 | In the old garment district |
| 02:07:54:09 | 02:07:59:09 | between Rue Saint Denis and Boulevard de Strasbourg, |
| 02:07:59:13 | 02:08:02:15 | there are now shops for a new clientele: |
| 02:08:02:19 | 02:08:09:04 | from all the countries that were formerly French colonies or protectorates. |
| 02:08:10:00 | 02:08:13:23 | The hair salons in particular reflect the diversity |
| 02:08:14:02 | 02:08:17:02 | and multiplicity of their countries of origin, |
| 02:08:17:06 | 02:08:20:04 | singular and in combinations. |
| 02:08:30:22 | 02:08:33:14 | These architectural masterpieces of hair |
| 02:08:33:18 | 02:08:36:14 | are fashioned in six to eight hour sessions. |
| 02:08:36:18 | 02:08:39:21 | Sometimes they even take multiple days. |
| 02:11:56:11 | 02:12:03:01 | When I go for a walk, I encounter French colonial history. |
| 02:12:03:09 | 02:12:10:04 | The Musée des Colonies, built proudly and without any compunction around 1930, |
| 02:12:10:08 | 02:12:14:22 | is a monumental, exotic work of art. |
| 02:12:16:04 | 02:12:19:06 | Its painstakingly chiseled bas-reliefs depict |
| 02:12:19:14 | 02:12:23:09 | beautiful people offering France their countries' treasures. |
| 02:12:23:13 | 02:12:25:19 | Cotton, spices, fruit, copper, |
| 02:12:26:02 | 02:12:29:13 | rubber, silk, zinc, gold. |
| 02:12:29:17 | 02:12:33:17 | Like sacrifices to the colonial god. |
| 02:13:37:19 | 02:13:40:24 | The mere act of renaming the Musée des Colonies |
| 02:13:41:03 | 02:13:43:22 | to the Musée d'Art d'Afrique et d'Océanie, |
| 02:13:44:01 | 02:13:48:20 | and then most recently to the Musée de l'Histoire de l'Immigration, |
| 02:13:48:24 | 02:13:52:14 | is a testimony to social and political upheavals. |
| 02:13:55:11 | 02:13:58:12 | The military parades for Bastille Day, |
| 02:13:58:16 | 02:14:02:24 | on the 14th of July, give a living picture |
| 02:14:03:03 | 02:14:06:22 | of how globe-girdling France's colonial power was. |
| 02:14:07:05 | 02:14:11:03 | Troops from all the colonies showed their pride, |
| 02:14:11:07 | 02:14:13:24 | and not only on the Champs-Élysées. |
| 02:14:15:00 | 02:14:19:24 | With a child's enthusiasm, back in French-occupied Konstanz, |
| 02:14:20:03 | 02:14:25:16 | I'd watched Senegalese and Moroccans marching in the colorful splendor |
| 02:14:25:23 | 02:14:27:18 | of their exotic uniforms. |
| 02:14:27:22 | 02:14:30:06 | I felt the same fascination |
| 02:14:30:10 | 02:14:35:10 | with which I greeted the baroque and opulent Corpus Christi procession. |
| 02:15:40:05 | 02:15:44:16 | AFRICAN ARMY AND COLONIAL TROOPS DAY |
| 02:15:44:20 | 02:15:49:10 | TAG DER AFRIKANISCHEN ARMEE UND DER KOLONIALEN TRUPPEN |
| 02:16:12:00 | 02:16:16:02 | Another relic from that era is the Jardin Colonial |
| 02:16:16:06 | 02:16:20:13 | in the Bois de Vincennes, also known as the Jardin d'Agronomie. |
| 02:16:22:21 | 02:16:26:15 | Back then, those enchanted grounds |
| 02:16:26:19 | 02:16:29:09 | with their ruined, overgrown temples |
| 02:16:29:17 | 02:16:35:18 | and memorials to the many soldiers from the colonies who died for France, |
| 02:16:36:15 | 02:16:39:12 | were a favorite place of mine to take a stroll. |
| 02:16:39:16 | 02:16:42:21 | Beginning with the sacrificial altar of the Pavillon Cochinchinois |
| 02:16:43:00 | 02:16:47:12 | and crossing the Pont Khmer to the Pont des Sept Têtes de Serpent, |
| 02:16:47:16 | 02:16:50:13 | the bridge of the seven-headed serpent. |
| 02:17:21:08 | 02:17:24:02 | Passing through the Porte Chinoise, |
| 02:17:24:06 | 02:17:27:13 | which was once the entrance to the colonial exhibition, |
| 02:17:27:17 | 02:17:31:03 | you reach a fragmentary sculptural group |
| 02:17:31:07 | 02:17:34:09 | "à la gloire de l'expansion coloniale," |
| 02:17:34:13 | 02:17:38:01 | dedicated to the glory of colonial expansion. |
| 02:18:37:07 | 02:18:41:20 | The Palais Drouot is the oldest auction house in Paris, |
| 02:18:41:24 | 02:18:47:00 | where in the old days I used to buy books or photographs for very little money, |
| 02:18:47:04 | 02:18:52:06 | and a kind of crossroads of French colonial history. |
| 02:18:52:20 | 02:18:54:24 | Under the title "Indochina," |
| 02:18:55:03 | 02:19:01:01 | the legacy of the last imperial family of Annam and Vietnam is being auctioned off. |
| 02:19:01:12 | 02:19:03:01 | Sold for 150! Für 150 verkauft! |
| 02:19:03:17 | 02:19:07:04 | Lot 3: 132 postcards from Saigon. Nummer 3: 132 Postkarten aus Saigon. |
| 02:19:07:08 | 02:19:08:13 | We'll start at 400. Wir fangen bei 400 an. |
| 02:19:08:17 | 02:19:13:10 | An album of 132 postcards, sent from Saigon, |
| 02:19:13:14 | 02:19:16:13 | complete with greetings to those back home. |
| 02:19:22:16 | 02:19:25:00 | Sold for 600! First purchase. Verkauft für 600! Erster Kauf. |
| 02:19:25:04 | 02:19:28:07 | 61: Fernand Nadal, La province du Thudaumot. 61: Fernand Nadal, La province du Thudaumot. |
| 02:19:28:11 | 02:19:31:01 | We'll start at 80 EUR. -80! Wir fangen bei 80 an. -80! |
| 02:19:31:05 | 02:19:35:10 | This volume, severely damaged by history, |
| 02:19:35:14 | 02:19:40:22 | contains 140 photographs of life in Cochinchina. |
| 02:19:41:08 | 02:19:45:07 | Street barbers, hawkers, family celebrations, |
| 02:19:45:11 | 02:19:49:06 | temples, landscapes, and shadow puppetry. |
| 02:19:49:21 | 02:19:55:07 | They were compiled by the photographer Fernand Nadal |
| 02:19:55:11 | 02:20:00:10 | for the 1922 Exposition Coloniale in Marseille. |
| 02:20:00:19 | 02:20:02:23 | Sold for 3,500! Verkauft für 3 500! |
| 02:20:03:02 | 02:20:06:16 | 63: Fernand Nadal: an album of 111 photos... 63: Fernand Nadal, ein Album mit 111 Fotos... |
| 02:20:20:10 | 02:20:27:02 | There is simultaneous bidding in sixteen auction rooms on three floors. |
| 02:20:27:06 | 02:20:30:21 | Besides the auction from Vietnam and Cochinchina, |
| 02:20:31:00 | 02:20:36:14 | there was one of artefacts from the old African colonies. |
| 02:20:37:13 | 02:20:42:01 | Each object has a story of its own. |
| 02:20:42:09 | 02:20:45:20 | If we learn it, it comes back to life. |
| 02:20:46:15 | 02:20:50:12 | The Palais Drouot is a place of business, |
| 02:20:50:16 | 02:20:52:23 | but also a place of loss, |
| 02:20:53:02 | 02:20:58:01 | of memory, of collecting, and of human passions. |
| 02:20:59:04 | 02:21:03:21 | Buyers and sellers, looters and confiscators, |
| 02:21:04:00 | 02:21:09:10 | and former enemies or coalition partners in fickle alliances. |
| 02:21:09:16 | 02:21:12:13 | Now the offspring of this history, |
| 02:21:12:17 | 02:21:17:15 | the French, Vietnamese and Africans, are sitting here |
| 02:21:17:24 | 02:21:21:12 | selling memories or buying them back. |
| 02:21:27:18 | 02:21:32:04 | Just as a person wanders through a variety of countries and cultures |
| 02:21:32:08 | 02:21:34:18 | in the rooms of the Palais Drouot, |
| 02:21:35:01 | 02:21:37:16 | I made voyages of exploration around the world |
| 02:21:37:20 | 02:21:40:19 | in the books of the French ethnologists |
| 02:21:41:03 | 02:21:43:18 | Marcel Mauss, Germaine Tillon, |
| 02:21:43:22 | 02:21:46:24 | Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Leiris, |
| 02:21:47:07 | 02:21:48:21 | and Victor Segalen, |
| 02:21:49:00 | 02:21:53:13 | whose unique body of work catches me by surprise to this day. |
| 02:21:53:22 | 02:21:57:10 | His advice on the right way to travel persuaded me |
| 02:21:57:14 | 02:22:01:17 | that there is always more than one road to any destination. |
| 02:22:03:13 | 02:22:06:11 | At the Collège de France, I was enthralled |
| 02:22:06:19 | 02:22:09:15 | by the lectures of Claude Lévy-Strauss. |
| 02:22:09:19 | 02:22:13:04 | Only later, when I reread his writings, |
| 02:22:13:08 | 02:22:18:14 | did I realize how deeply his free-thinking ways |
| 02:22:18:18 | 02:22:22:05 | shaped my filmmaking. |
| 02:22:22:20 | 02:22:28:04 | As he says, "To know and understand your own culture, |
| 02:22:28:08 | 02:22:33:14 | you must learn to view it from the perspective of another." |
| 02:22:51:12 | 02:22:55:09 | I used to stop by the Trocadéro building complex |
| 02:22:55:13 | 02:23:02:06 | that monumental remnant of the 1937 World's Fair |
| 02:23:02:14 | 02:23:07:08 | to visit the Musée de l'Homme with its African and Oceanic collections, |
| 02:23:07:12 | 02:23:09:11 | about which Jean Rouch says: |
| 02:23:10:07 | 02:23:13:12 | In a museum, you want to see living objects. Im Museum möchte man lebendige Objekte sehen. |
| 02:23:13:16 | 02:23:16:08 | We want to see people Wir wollen Menschen sehen, |
| 02:23:16:12 | 02:23:18:09 | come to life in these display cases. die in diesen Vitrinen lebendig werden. |
| 02:23:18:13 | 02:23:22:20 | The founders of this house understood Die Gründer dieses Hauses haben verstanden, |
| 02:23:22:24 | 02:23:26:01 | that a museum needs sound recordings, dass ein Museum Tonaufnahmen braucht, |
| 02:23:26:05 | 02:23:30:01 | which meant Edison phonograph recordings damals auf Edison-Phonographenwalzen, |
| 02:23:30:05 | 02:23:32:24 | of the potter, or the musician mit Geräuschen des Töpfers, des Musikers |
| 02:23:33:03 | 02:23:36:02 | or the blacksmith that is on display. oder des Schmieds. |
| 02:23:37:11 | 02:23:42:12 | The Musée de l'Homme was also the site of Jean Rouch's winding workspaces, |
| 02:23:42:16 | 02:23:46:21 | where he prepared his ethnographic films. |
| 02:23:47:00 | 02:23:50:14 | I used to watch the films in the auditorium and discuss them. |
| 02:23:51:13 | 02:23:56:19 | They make a strong case for a living museum with imagery, |
| 02:23:56:23 | 02:23:59:20 | sound, storytelling, and music. |
| 02:24:00:16 | 02:24:06:11 | In the spirit of Jean Rouch, the most vibrant ethnographic observations |
| 02:24:06:15 | 02:24:09:09 | could be made right outside the Musée de l'Homme. |
| 02:24:09:13 | 02:24:14:18 | On that Parisian stage, people from all countries put on shows |
| 02:24:14:22 | 02:24:19:03 | and perform the global ritual of the selfie. |
| 02:24:54:04 | 02:24:57:10 | In front of the Musée d'Art Moderne next door, |
| 02:24:57:14 | 02:25:03:17 | Monsieur Florimond Dufour used to play his suitcase gramophone. |
| 02:26:31:17 | 02:26:39:18 | Cosmos Cinema - The Cinémathèque Française |
| 02:26:45:07 | 02:26:48:08 | An important discovery was the Cinémathèque, |
| 02:26:48:12 | 02:26:51:24 | founded by the film-obsessed Henri Langlois. |
| 02:26:52:03 | 02:26:57:13 | Two or three times a week, I went there to see the latest independent films |
| 02:26:57:17 | 02:27:00:14 | and, of course, those of the French New Wave. |
| 02:27:00:18 | 02:27:06:10 | The Cinémathèque had recently moved to the Palais de Chaillot |
| 02:27:06:14 | 02:27:11:03 | and had a grand re-opening on the 6th of June, 1963, |
| 02:27:11:10 | 02:27:15:07 | attended by Pompidou and Malraux. |
| 02:27:54:12 | 02:27:57:07 | My introduction to or, better put, |
| 02:27:57:15 | 02:28:00:23 | my "education sentimentale" in film history, |
| 02:28:01:02 | 02:28:05:17 | from Lumière to the Russian greats Eisenstein and Pudovkin, |
| 02:28:05:21 | 02:28:08:22 | and the German Expressionists, |
| 02:28:09:01 | 02:28:11:11 | was all thanks to the Cinémathèque. |
| 02:28:12:22 | 02:28:16:04 | Méliès's A Trip to the Moon. |
| 02:29:09:20 | 02:29:11:24 | Henri Langlois, as veteran secretary general Henri Langlois, Sie als langjähriger |
| 02:29:12:03 | 02:29:14:05 | of the Cinémathèque française, Generalsekretär der Cinémathèque française, |
| 02:29:14:09 | 02:29:16:13 | can you gauge what you've achieved? können Sie ermessen, was Sie erreicht haben? |
| 02:29:16:17 | 02:29:19:04 | What was your role in film's pioneering age? Wie agierten Sie in der Glanzzeit des Films? |
| 02:29:19:08 | 02:29:22:19 | Oh, it was nothing. It was friendship Ach, das war nichts weiter als Freundschaft |
| 02:29:22:23 | 02:29:26:14 | and support for our commitment. und Sympathie für unser Engagement. |
| 02:29:26:18 | 02:29:29:14 | That's how we got to where we are now. So gelangten wir dahin, wo wir jetzt stehen. |
| 02:29:29:18 | 02:29:31:23 | The Cinémathèque received a great deal Die Cinémathèque hat eine große Welle |
| 02:29:32:02 | 02:29:34:13 | of support and that continues to grow. der Sympathie ausgelöst, die weiter wuchs. |
| 02:29:35:01 | 02:29:37:24 | We rescue what we can, but you need billions. Um mehr zu retten, bräuchte es Milliarden. |
| 02:29:38:03 | 02:29:41:13 | And above all, love. -You have that love. Und vor allem Liebe. -Die Liebe haben Sie. |
| 02:29:41:17 | 02:29:44:08 | Yes, some people have that love. -Ja, einige von uns haben sie. |
| 02:29:44:16 | 02:29:48:12 | Lotte Eisner, tell us about Henri Langlois? Lotte Eisner, wie war das mit Henri Langlois? |
| 02:29:48:16 | 02:29:53:10 | When did you first meet? -That was in 1935. Wann lernten Sie sich kennen? -Das war 1935. |
| 02:29:54:04 | 02:29:56:02 | I read that Ich hatte gelesen, |
| 02:29:56:06 | 02:29:59:12 | two young people rescued silent movies. dass zwei junge Leute Stummflime retteten. |
| 02:29:59:16 | 02:30:02:17 | I was interested in that for my newspaper. Das interessierte mich für meine Zeitung. |
| 02:30:03:01 | 02:30:05:05 | And so we met. Also haben wir uns getroffen. |
| 02:30:05:09 | 02:30:08:02 | As we didn't know each other, Weil wir uns ja nicht kannten, |
| 02:30:08:06 | 02:30:11:13 | we each carried a film magazine. hatten wir beide eine Filmzeitschrift dabei. |
| 02:30:12:09 | 02:30:15:16 | Langlois was a tall, young man back then. Langlois war damals ein großer junger Mann, |
| 02:30:15:20 | 02:30:18:01 | A little shy, very thin. ein wenig schüchtern, sehr schlank. |
| 02:30:19:12 | 02:30:23:15 | The first thing you saw were his big eyes. Zuerst sah man nur seine großen Augen. |
| 02:30:23:19 | 02:30:26:05 | Back then, Er ging damals |
| 02:30:26:16 | 02:30:30:00 | he'd go to the cinema four, five times a day. vier-, fünfmal am Tag ins Kino. |
| 02:30:30:10 | 02:30:32:23 | Sometimes his eyes would get very red. Manchmal hatte er völlig gerötete Augen. |
| 02:30:34:22 | 02:30:37:02 | They called him Pierrot Lunaire, Er wurde Pierrot Lunaire genannt, |
| 02:30:37:06 | 02:30:38:20 | but he isn't that at all. aber das ist er überhaupt nicht. |
| 02:30:38:24 | 02:30:40:22 | He just knows what he wants. Er weiß, was er will. |
| 02:30:41:01 | 02:30:43:07 | We weren't aware that he was Wir waren uns nicht bewusst, |
| 02:30:43:14 | 02:30:46:03 | rescuing an entire epoch. dass er eine ganze Epoche rettete. |
| 02:30:52:18 | 02:30:56:22 | Retrospectives of directors like Lang, Stroheim, Sternberg, |
| 02:30:57:01 | 02:31:00:21 | Lubitsch, Murnau, Buñuel, and Glauber Rocha |
| 02:31:01:04 | 02:31:03:22 | were a particular interest of mine. |
| 02:31:04:01 | 02:31:10:03 | They allowed me to trace each director's obsessions and stylistic evolution. |
| 02:31:10:15 | 02:31:14:02 | It seemed to me that the experimental films of the 1920s |
| 02:31:14:06 | 02:31:18:12 | by Fernand Léger, Germaine Dulac, and René Clair |
| 02:31:18:19 | 02:31:24:05 | were the visual counterparts of the Dadaists' poetry. |
| 02:31:59:12 | 02:32:02:00 | And this here is from Psycho. Und das hier, das ist aus Psycho. |
| 02:32:02:04 | 02:32:04:22 | This was a gift from Hitchcock. Das ist ein Geschenk von Hitchcock. |
| 02:32:05:03 | 02:32:06:24 | He promised a gift for our museum Er hatte uns etwas für das Museum versprochen |
| 02:32:07:03 | 02:32:08:22 | and said: "I know, I know!" und sagte: "Ich weiß was!" |
| 02:32:09:01 | 02:32:11:05 | Then we received this head. Wir bekamen diesen Kopf. |
| 02:32:11:09 | 02:32:13:15 | We opened the crate and thought, Als wir die Kiste öffneten, dachten wir: |
| 02:32:13:19 | 02:32:15:23 | "What is this terrible thing?" "Was ist denn das Schreckliches?" |
| 02:32:16:02 | 02:32:17:20 | It amuses me because Es amüsiert mich, |
| 02:32:17:24 | 02:32:21:10 | it looks like my former secretary. weil er meiner Ex-Sekretärin ähnlich sieht. |
| 02:32:23:07 | 02:32:26:14 | Oh, and this is from the set of Das ist ein Objekt aus |
| 02:32:26:18 | 02:32:28:14 | Modern Times by Chaplin. Modern Times von Chaplin. |
| 02:32:28:22 | 02:32:31:13 | This is a gift from Desnos. Das hier ist ein Geschenk von Desnos. |
| 02:32:31:17 | 02:32:35:18 | It's the starfish from the Man Ray film. Es ist der Seestern aus Man Rays Film. |
| 02:32:36:04 | 02:32:39:02 | This strange hat belonged to Mae West. Dieser seltsame Hut ist von Mae West. |
| 02:32:40:06 | 02:32:42:17 | And this.... Und das hier... |
| 02:32:43:12 | 02:32:45:23 | We're very proud of this. Darauf sind wir sehr stolz. |
| 02:32:46:02 | 02:32:47:20 | There are only three in the world: Davon gibt es weltweit nur drei: |
| 02:32:47:24 | 02:32:50:08 | Mizoguchi's death mask. Die Totenmaske von Mizoguchi. |
| 02:32:50:15 | 02:32:53:01 | A gift from the Japanese film archive. Ein Geschenk der japanischen Kinemathek. |
| 02:32:55:06 | 02:32:58:12 | At a screening of the Murnau film The Last Laugh, |
| 02:32:58:24 | 02:33:03:01 | which I attended with Fritz Picard and Johnny Friedlaender, |
| 02:33:03:09 | 02:33:06:01 | German émigrés were sitting in the audience, |
| 02:33:06:05 | 02:33:11:02 | and in the front row, as always, were the young French cineastes. |
| 02:33:12:06 | 02:33:16:11 | "A masterpiece!" we heard from behind us when the screening ended. |
| 02:33:16:18 | 02:33:21:20 | Fritz Picard turned around to Mary Meerson and Lotte Eisner: |
| 02:33:22:00 | 02:33:24:20 | "If you ask me, it's the best film of all time, |
| 02:33:24:24 | 02:33:26:21 | especially the second ending. |
| 02:33:27:00 | 02:33:31:14 | Brilliantly directed, a caustic social satire, |
| 02:33:31:18 | 02:33:33:22 | simply magnificent!" |
| 02:33:36:01 | 02:33:40:00 | Mary Meerson, Henri Langlois's imposing partner |
| 02:33:40:10 | 02:33:46:03 | and the other half of the Cinémathèque's heart, was curious who I was. |
| 02:33:46:13 | 02:33:49:07 | "You have to stop by to see me." |
| 02:33:50:04 | 02:33:53:10 | About twelve years later, after making my first films, |
| 02:33:53:14 | 02:33:56:14 | I was sitting across her desk. |
| 02:33:56:23 | 02:34:02:11 | I proudly showed her a batch of painstakingly printed baryte stills |
| 02:34:02:15 | 02:34:05:19 | from my films Laocoon & Sons, |
| 02:34:05:23 | 02:34:09:17 | The Enchantment of the Blue Sailors, and Madame X. |
| 02:34:31:06 | 02:34:36:08 | After detailed scrutiny, she stuck them in her desk drawer with a satisfied look, |
| 02:34:36:23 | 02:34:41:22 | then closed it conclusively with a push of her stomach, |
| 02:34:42:01 | 02:34:44:21 | saying: "Merci beaucoup!" |
| 02:34:47:11 | 02:34:52:18 | Few times have I been as delighted as when my films were screened |
| 02:34:52:22 | 02:34:56:00 | at this legendary cinematic landmark. |
| 02:34:57:20 | 02:35:02:06 | I had a very special relationship to French films. |
| 02:35:02:18 | 02:35:05:04 | As a child, I got to join my parents |
| 02:35:05:08 | 02:35:07:15 | to see the Sunday matinées |
| 02:35:07:19 | 02:35:10:14 | organized by the French military. |
| 02:35:12:19 | 02:35:15:11 | That's why until the age of seven, |
| 02:35:15:15 | 02:35:18:12 | I had only watched French films like |
| 02:35:18:17 | 02:35:20:12 | Les Enfants du Paradis |
| 02:35:20:16 | 02:35:22:08 | and La Belle et la Bête, |
| 02:35:22:12 | 02:35:24:18 | which I reenacted at home. |
| 02:35:24:22 | 02:35:28:03 | The first time I saw a German film, |
| 02:35:28:07 | 02:35:30:14 | I said, a little perturbed, |
| 02:35:30:18 | 02:35:33:07 | "That's not a real film! |
| 02:35:33:11 | 02:35:35:15 | They're speaking German!" |
| 02:35:35:23 | 02:35:38:04 | With my childish imagination, |
| 02:35:38:08 | 02:35:40:16 | I had associated the mystery on the screen |
| 02:35:40:20 | 02:35:43:19 | with the mystery of the language. |
| 02:35:45:03 | 02:35:51:01 | Treasure Chests of the Arts |
| 02:35:57:10 | 02:35:59:18 | I paid regular visits to the Louvre, |
| 02:36:00:01 | 02:36:03:11 | often just to look at one or two paintings |
| 02:36:03:15 | 02:36:06:04 | because you didn't have to wait in line then. |
| 02:36:06:08 | 02:36:08:12 | The galleries were almost empty |
| 02:36:08:24 | 02:36:12:15 | and you could devote yourself, completely undisturbed, |
| 02:36:12:19 | 02:36:17:16 | to absorbing the many details of a Géricault' |
| 02:36:17:23 | 02:36:21:18 | or the dramatic lighting of a Georges de la Tour. |
| 02:36:27:20 | 02:36:31:12 | In the mid-60s, the galleries began to fill up more and more. |
| 02:36:31:24 | 02:36:37:00 | And with "Le tableau qui parle", or "talking paintings", |
| 02:36:37:04 | 02:36:40:10 | the age of audio guides began. |
| 02:38:20:04 | 02:38:24:14 | The Musée Gustave Moreau was located then, as now, |
| 02:38:24:18 | 02:38:28:17 | in the house where Moreau lived until his death. |
| 02:38:28:21 | 02:38:31:16 | Although I often visited the museum, |
| 02:38:31:20 | 02:38:35:02 | I never saw another person there those days. |
| 02:38:35:06 | 02:38:36:24 | It was utterly silent, |
| 02:38:37:03 | 02:38:40:14 | and I could only hear my own footsteps. |
| 02:38:43:18 | 02:38:47:09 | I was especially interested in the various stages, |
| 02:38:47:13 | 02:38:51:22 | from his mystical, Egyptian, orientalist paintings of Salomé, |
| 02:38:52:01 | 02:38:54:16 | to his pre-impressionist works |
| 02:38:54:20 | 02:38:59:20 | that were layered with seemingly abstract thunderstorms of color. |
| 02:38:59:24 | 02:39:04:05 | These were hidden in drawers that you could open. |
| 02:39:05:12 | 02:39:07:17 | For the colonial opera in my film |
| 02:39:07:21 | 02:39:10:13 | Dorian Gray in the Mirror of the Yellow Press, |
| 02:39:10:17 | 02:39:15:07 | whose libretto traces the conquest of blissful islands, |
| 02:39:15:11 | 02:39:19:07 | I placed a six-by-nine-meter proscenium frame |
| 02:39:19:11 | 02:39:21:11 | in front of various landscapes. |
| 02:39:21:15 | 02:39:24:12 | The subjects of Gustave Moreau's paintings |
| 02:39:24:16 | 02:39:27:24 | inspired me when painting this frame. |
| 02:39:28:08 | 02:39:32:02 | His Lady with Unicorn, the exotic fruit |
| 02:39:32:06 | 02:39:37:22 | and the demonic figures heralding imminent doom. |
| 02:41:02:11 | 02:41:05:14 | I can hardly describe how I felt |
| 02:41:05:18 | 02:41:08:19 | the first time I walked into the Labrouste Room |
| 02:41:08:23 | 02:41:11:02 | in the Bibliothèque Nationale, |
| 02:41:11:06 | 02:41:14:20 | that lofty and bright temple of books. |
| 02:41:15:12 | 02:41:18:00 | Coming from my little garret, |
| 02:41:18:04 | 02:41:22:01 | it was an overwhelming privilege to work there. |
| 02:41:23:21 | 02:41:26:23 | Each morning, the green reading lamps, |
| 02:41:27:02 | 02:41:30:04 | which contributed significantly to the effect of the room, |
| 02:41:30:08 | 02:41:32:11 | were switched on one by one. |
| 02:42:00:12 | 02:42:03:02 | Walter Benjamin, who spent his time there |
| 02:42:03:06 | 02:42:06:24 | when he wasn't strolling through the arcades, |
| 02:42:07:03 | 02:42:08:23 | wrote about it: |
| 02:42:09:20 | 02:42:13:21 | "The painted leaves on the ceiling panels of the Bibliothèque Nationale. |
| 02:42:14:08 | 02:42:17:19 | When pages are turned below, it rustles above." |
| 02:42:25:05 | 02:42:28:09 | The silently hurrying ghosts of assistants |
| 02:42:28:13 | 02:42:32:06 | would bring anything you wished for from the treasures of books. |
| 02:42:32:10 | 02:42:34:08 | It was like a fairy tale. |
| 02:42:34:12 | 02:42:38:14 | You had only to say: "Table, table, be bountiful". |
| 02:42:43:02 | 02:42:46:13 | It was no different at the Cabinet des Estampes. |
| 02:42:46:23 | 02:42:49:24 | There, the heavy file folders |
| 02:42:50:07 | 02:42:55:05 | were rolled over on the little cart so quietly that you didn't notice them |
| 02:42:55:09 | 02:43:00:07 | until whatever you'd requested was placed on the stand with a friendly nod: |
| 02:43:00:16 | 02:43:04:14 | perhaps Daumier's caricature or Goya's Caprichos. |
| 02:43:07:10 | 02:43:10:06 | His series Desastres de la Guerra, |
| 02:43:10:21 | 02:43:16:15 | depicting the horrors of war and the Inquisition, |
| 02:43:16:19 | 02:43:20:04 | was seared into my memory so vividly |
| 02:43:20:08 | 02:43:25:23 | that I devoted a whole section to Goya in my film Freak Orlando. |
| 02:43:54:10 | 02:44:04:12 | My Parisian Nights |
| 02:44:37:13 | 02:44:41:05 | At midnight, I'd go dancing in the basement jazz clubs. |
| 02:44:41:09 | 02:44:44:16 | They weren't only frequented by many young Americans, |
| 02:44:44:20 | 02:44:49:22 | who back then lived well in Paris thanks to the strong dollar, |
| 02:44:50:01 | 02:44:54:22 | but also by my artist friends, and mostly young French people. |
| 02:44:55:02 | 02:44:59:01 | At the Blue Note, people like Chuck Berry, Chet Baker, |
| 02:44:59:05 | 02:45:01:24 | Elvin Jones, and Victor Feldman |
| 02:45:02:03 | 02:45:06:09 | used to play for an energetic and enthusiastic crowd. |
| 02:45:26:13 | 02:45:29:17 | There were homosexual clubs with names like Elle et Lui, |
| 02:45:29:21 | 02:45:32:13 | Le Monocle, or Kathmandu |
| 02:45:33:17 | 02:45:35:10 | La Grande Eugène, |
| 02:45:35:18 | 02:45:39:18 | a.k.a. Jean-Claude Dreyfus, was an ingenious performer |
| 02:45:39:22 | 02:45:45:04 | who parodied Mistinguett and other celebrities. |
| 02:46:11:00 | 02:46:13:09 | My teeth aren't so big. Meine Zähne sind nicht so groß. |
| 02:46:13:13 | 02:46:15:09 | Now you can see the difference. So sieht man den Unterschied. |
| 02:47:19:20 | 02:47:22:12 | The little chanson clubs played an important role |
| 02:47:22:19 | 02:47:25:21 | in politics and communication. |
| 02:47:26:00 | 02:47:30:12 | Singers like Jacques Brel, Charles Aznavour, Georges Brassens, |
| 02:47:30:20 | 02:47:35:05 | Juliette Gréco, Eva, and talented people who remain unknown, |
| 02:47:35:09 | 02:47:38:04 | would play, constantly alternating. |
| 02:47:43:08 | 02:47:46:19 | I especially admired the chansons of Barbara, |
| 02:47:46:23 | 02:47:51:24 | a Jewish singer whose famous song Göttingen |
| 02:47:52:03 | 02:47:57:20 | dealt with the relationship between Germany and France after the Holocaust. |
| 02:47:58:07 | 02:48:02:18 | But tonight she sings: Quand reviendras-tu? |
| 02:49:31:16 | 02:49:36:00 | The most tumultuous daily life was found at night in Les Halles, |
| 02:49:36:04 | 02:49:39:24 | where I often wandered until dawn. |
| 02:49:40:03 | 02:49:42:16 | I would glimpse baskets of cow's eyes, |
| 02:49:42:20 | 02:49:48:22 | walk down endless aisles between hanging halves of pigs, cows, and sheep, |
| 02:49:49:01 | 02:49:50:22 | almost brushing against them. |
| 02:49:51:01 | 02:49:56:10 | I'd come to old merchants with whom one could have great conversations |
| 02:49:56:14 | 02:49:59:10 | because they didn't have much left to do. |
| 02:50:01:07 | 02:50:07:20 | The seafood displays had an indescribable variety of shapes colors, |
| 02:50:08:12 | 02:50:11:07 | and the fish were sometimes sold live. |
| 02:50:11:17 | 02:50:14:23 | It was a mind-boggling bustle, |
| 02:50:15:06 | 02:50:17:04 | en détail et en gros. |
| 02:50:17:08 | 02:50:19:18 | A whirlwind of people and carts |
| 02:50:19:22 | 02:50:22:22 | mingled with shouts and smells. |
| 02:50:23:16 | 02:50:26:24 | Early in the morning, nuns would arrive with pushcarts, |
| 02:50:27:03 | 02:50:30:15 | shopping for their convents and for poor houses. |
| 02:50:30:19 | 02:50:34:09 | Off-duty butchers with bloody smocks, flour-strewn bakers, |
| 02:50:34:13 | 02:50:38:01 | and fishermen with blue shirts and rubber aprons |
| 02:50:38:05 | 02:50:42:09 | would go to the nearby bars and brasseries, |
| 02:50:42:13 | 02:50:44:16 | which were open until morning, |
| 02:50:44:20 | 02:50:47:16 | for a drink and a bite to eat. |
| 02:51:41:15 | 02:51:44:17 | At Au Pied de Cochon, the brasserie across the street, |
| 02:51:45:03 | 02:51:47:11 | nighttime revelers amused themselves, |
| 02:51:47:15 | 02:51:50:21 | drinking champagne and eating seafood at dawn, |
| 02:51:51:00 | 02:51:56:02 | while paupers combed through what had been thrown out, |
| 02:51:56:10 | 02:51:58:10 | looking for anything to eat. |
| 02:52:28:12 | 02:52:35:20 | Political Revolt |
| 02:52:36:18 | 02:52:38:07 | Freedom will win! Die Freiheit wird siegen! |
| 02:52:38:11 | 02:52:40:00 | Freedom will win! Die Freiheit wird siegen! |
| 02:52:59:24 | 02:53:04:14 | The Vietnam War was a major preoccupation of many artists. |
| 02:53:04:22 | 02:53:09:15 | In 1966, I painted this story in pictures, |
| 02:53:09:19 | 02:53:11:20 | Journée d'un GI. |
| 02:53:31:22 | 02:53:33:24 | "Art and Revolution." |
| 02:53:34:03 | 02:53:36:05 | "Boycott museums." |
| 02:53:36:10 | 02:53:38:17 | "Expositions in the factories." |
| 02:53:39:03 | 02:53:40:12 | "Action through posters." |
| 02:53:41:16 | 02:53:43:11 | "Perpetual Happenings." |
| 02:53:44:00 | 02:53:48:24 | These were the headlines of the liberal and leftist newspapers. |
| 02:53:49:14 | 02:53:52:22 | In visual art, it was all about the nouvelle figuration |
| 02:53:53:05 | 02:53:55:01 | or figuration narrative, |
| 02:53:55:05 | 02:53:58:07 | with new subject matters and bold colors. |
| 02:53:58:19 | 02:54:03:08 | Examples in film included Godard's Weekend and La Chinoise, |
| 02:54:03:12 | 02:54:06:15 | which used new artistic forms from comic strips and pop art, |
| 02:54:06:19 | 02:54:10:07 | and William Klein's Mister Freedom. |
| 02:55:09:10 | 02:55:11:02 | Willst du was erleben? |
| 02:55:16:08 | 02:55:18:15 | Kalter Krieg, Phase II. |
| 02:55:19:00 | 02:55:20:20 | Die Bevölkerung schikanieren. |
| 02:55:32:06 | 02:55:35:17 | One of the main direct causes of the rage and fury |
| 02:55:36:00 | 02:55:39:02 | that would later be violently unleashed in May '68 |
| 02:55:39:06 | 02:55:41:08 | was the Vietnam War. |
| 02:55:41:12 | 02:55:45:02 | The American protests of the "Flower power" movement, |
| 02:55:45:06 | 02:55:49:12 | against war and for peace, "make love, not war," |
| 02:55:49:20 | 02:55:54:14 | jumped over to all of Europe, including Paris. |
| 02:55:54:18 | 02:55:58:19 | The justified indignation of the students, intellectuals, and artists |
| 02:55:59:03 | 02:56:04:02 | was exploited by the Stalinist-leaning Communist Party. |
| 02:56:25:05 | 02:56:29:14 | The Cultural Revolution under Mao also fueled a sense |
| 02:56:29:18 | 02:56:32:07 | that a revolution was imminent. |
| 02:56:32:11 | 02:56:34:08 | Chairman Mao's sayings, |
| 02:56:34:12 | 02:56:38:23 | a mixture of Chinese poetry and simplified Marxist quotations, |
| 02:56:39:02 | 02:56:41:22 | were recited with pathos, |
| 02:56:42:01 | 02:56:47:01 | in grotesque ignorance of the real situation in China. |
| 02:57:03:02 | 02:57:05:04 | From my roof window, |
| 02:57:05:08 | 02:57:08:12 | I watched from close range |
| 02:57:08:20 | 02:57:12:08 | the events of May '68 on the streets. |
| 02:57:12:12 | 02:57:15:04 | One day, I saw smoke and flames |
| 02:57:15:08 | 02:57:19:18 | rising from the roof of the Sorbonne, just a few meters away. |
| 02:57:23:04 | 02:57:25:13 | The concierge saw four young men on the roof, Der Hausmeister sah vier Männer auf dem Dach, |
| 02:57:25:17 | 02:57:27:15 | one wearing yellow pants. einer trug eine gelbe Hose. |
| 02:57:27:22 | 02:57:31:05 | That was one hour before the fire started. Es war eine Stunde, bevor das Feuer ausbrach. |
| 02:57:31:10 | 02:57:35:14 | Also, up on the République française, Auch oben über der République française |
| 02:57:35:18 | 02:57:40:15 | gasoline and a paintbrush was found. hat man Benzin und einen Pinsel gefunden. |
| 02:57:59:22 | 02:58:02:12 | Because of the abundant use of tear gas, |
| 02:58:02:16 | 02:58:06:23 | I soon had to close my roof windows and even seal them off. |
| 02:58:07:02 | 02:58:10:13 | But regardless, a menacing noise seeped in: |
| 02:58:10:17 | 02:58:13:18 | the tireless clopping on the cobblestones |
| 02:58:13:22 | 02:58:17:17 | of the long truncheons wielded by the CRS policemen, |
| 02:58:18:00 | 02:58:21:04 | who were notorious for their brutality. |
| 02:59:17:23 | 02:59:22:13 | I have one request for the bourgeois press: Eine Bitte an die bourgeoise Presse: |
| 02:59:22:17 | 02:59:26:03 | Don't twist my words too much! Verdrehen Sie meine Worte nicht allzu sehr! |
| 02:59:27:05 | 02:59:29:10 | It was clear, it was simple. Meine Worte waren klar und einfach. |
| 02:59:29:14 | 02:59:31:08 | I said very little. Ich habe kaum etwas gesagt. |
| 02:59:31:12 | 02:59:34:10 | There's no need to invent anything. Sie brauchen also nichts zu erfinden. |
| 02:59:35:00 | 02:59:36:13 | Any questions? Noch Fragen? |
| 02:59:38:00 | 02:59:40:15 | How I came to France? By car. Wie ich nach Frankreich kam? Mit dem Auto. |
| 02:59:40:22 | 02:59:42:13 | Over the French-German border. Über die deutsch-französische Grenze. |
| 02:59:42:17 | 02:59:44:10 | So you escaped? Sie sind entkommen? |
| 02:59:44:14 | 02:59:46:05 | Pardon? -You escaped? Wie bitte? -Sie sind entkommen? |
| 02:59:46:09 | 02:59:49:01 | I didn't escape from the Germans! Ich bin den Deutschen nicht entkommen! |
| 02:59:49:10 | 02:59:51:01 | My father escaped from them. Mein Vater ist ihnen entkommen. |
| 02:59:51:05 | 02:59:52:12 | I was born in France. Ich bin in Frankreich geboren. |
| 02:59:52:16 | 02:59:55:02 | I've decided to be an activist in France. Und ich wollte in Frankreich kämpfen. |
| 02:59:55:10 | 02:59:57:09 | Does that bother you? Ärgert Sie das? |
| 02:59:57:17 | 03:00:00:05 | One thing that stood out to us |
| 03:00:00:09 | 03:00:03:21 | and annoyed the émigrés, who were very politically alert, |
| 03:00:04:00 | 03:00:08:21 | were news reports that kept calling Cohn-Bendit |
| 03:00:09:00 | 03:00:11:21 | "le juif allemand". |
| 03:00:12:06 | 03:00:16:11 | This paradoxically invoked two prejudices at once: |
| 03:00:17:03 | 03:00:20:11 | antisemitism and anti-German sentiment. |
| 03:00:21:04 | 03:00:23:19 | as illustrated by this solidarity poster. |
| 03:00:23:23 | 03:00:25:22 | WE ARE ALL WIR SIND ALLE JEWS AND GERMANS JUDEN UND DEUTSCHE |
| 03:00:30:00 | 03:00:34:07 | Paris was completely paralyzed after the general strike. |
| 03:00:34:11 | 03:00:38:13 | The bridges connecting the Right Bank to the Left Bank |
| 03:00:38:21 | 03:00:40:17 | were closed temporarily. |
| 03:00:40:21 | 03:00:43:01 | The air stank with garbage. |
| 03:00:43:05 | 03:00:46:19 | On the Left Bank, there were no streetlights anymore |
| 03:00:47:02 | 03:00:51:21 | and it was frightening to walk down the streets in the dark. |
| 03:00:52:09 | 03:00:57:07 | Anyone who still had flashlight batteries was lucky, |
| 03:00:57:11 | 03:01:01:04 | as the stores had long run out of batteries and candles alike. |
| 03:01:01:19 | 03:01:03:21 | The gas stations were closed, too. |
| 03:01:04:04 | 03:01:06:17 | Everything had come to a standstill. |
| 03:01:14:15 | 03:01:16:11 | Buy La Cause du peuple! Kaufen Sie La cause du peuple! |
| 03:01:18:11 | 03:01:23:13 | When someone suggested to De Gaulle that he should arrest Sartre, |
| 03:01:23:21 | 03:01:26:12 | he famously replied: |
| 03:01:26:21 | 03:01:29:07 | "You don't arrest Voltaire." |
| 03:01:33:15 | 03:01:38:11 | May of '68, with its legitimate demands for reforms, |
| 03:01:38:15 | 03:01:41:12 | had lost sight of its goals. |
| 03:01:41:20 | 03:01:44:20 | The longer the occupation of the Sorbonne lasted, |
| 03:01:44:24 | 03:01:47:22 | the more violent and destructive it grew. |
| 03:01:48:01 | 03:01:52:05 | It ended like the pop of bubble gum. |
| 03:01:52:22 | 03:01:57:05 | But it still wasn't over for the artistic director of the Théâtre de l'Odéon. |
| 03:01:57:09 | 03:02:00:04 | Jean-Louis Barrault and Madeleine Renaud, |
| 03:02:00:12 | 03:02:03:20 | brave and very politically active artists, |
| 03:02:04:03 | 03:02:06:13 | had repeatedly advocated for defiant writers |
| 03:02:06:21 | 03:02:09:20 | such as Beckett, Genet, and Artaud. |
| 03:02:10:18 | 03:02:12:17 | They were prepared for discussion |
| 03:02:12:21 | 03:02:16:01 | and had opened the theater to the students. |
| 03:02:20:12 | 03:02:24:13 | This led to a drawn-out, destructive occupation |
| 03:02:24:17 | 03:02:29:05 | with grotesque insults against the theater's manager and actors. |
| 03:02:39:03 | 03:02:42:20 | From the detritus the occupiers left behind, |
| 03:02:42:24 | 03:02:48:05 | Barrault and Renaud were only able to save a few important documents. |
| 03:02:48:09 | 03:02:52:02 | Carrying just a cardboard box, |
| 03:02:52:06 | 03:02:55:08 | they left their theater forever. |
| 03:03:13:08 | 03:03:18:20 | These extreme ideological entrenchments deepened the divides |
| 03:03:18:24 | 03:03:22:05 | and laid waste to some of my old friendships. |
| 03:03:22:09 | 03:03:25:16 | Meanwhile, the pressing social issues |
| 03:03:25:20 | 03:03:29:01 | were far from solved. |
| 03:03:29:08 | 03:03:33:15 | For me, it was the end of one era and the start of another. |
| 03:03:34:23 | 03:03:38:12 | In 1969, I left the city on the Seine. |
| 03:03:49:03 | 03:03:52:04 | My onward journey led me to filmmaking, |
| 03:03:52:08 | 03:03:57:04 | which my storytelling paintings, figuration narrative, |
| 03:03:57:08 | 03:03:59:06 | had already prepared me for. |
| 03:03:59:10 | 03:04:05:15 | Cinema was a new art form in which I could incorporate all my interests: |
| 03:04:06:22 | 03:04:10:07 | the past, the present, and the future. |
| 03:04:10:11 | 03:04:13:15 | Music and language, rhythm and movement, |
| 03:04:13:19 | 03:04:17:21 | the public and the private spheres, the political and the poetic, |
| 03:04:18:00 | 03:04:19:19 | grief and joy. |
| 03:04:19:23 | 03:04:21:20 | That was just what I wanted. |
| 03:04:22:14 | 03:04:27:05 | The film was titled Laocoon & Sons, after a Hans Arp quote: |
| 03:04:27:23 | 03:04:30:22 | "Dadaism has enabled 'Laocoon and Sons' |
| 03:04:31:01 | 03:04:36:06 | to be released from their thousand-year struggle with the serpent." |
| 03:04:36:17 | 03:04:40:22 | With plenty of enthusiasm and not much money, |
| 03:04:41:01 | 03:04:43:24 | I set off on my great film adventure. |
| 03:04:44:07 | 03:04:46:02 | It became a Paris film. |
| 03:04:46:06 | 03:04:49:10 | Pierre Bourdieu and Althusser made appearances, |
| 03:04:49:14 | 03:04:51:08 | as did the parachutists |
| 03:04:51:12 | 03:04:55:03 | and the menacing CRS police of that May, |
| 03:04:55:07 | 03:04:57:08 | who transformed into Erinyes, |
| 03:04:57:15 | 03:05:00:16 | with the Lettrists reciting poetic sounds, |
| 03:05:00:20 | 03:05:04:10 | Tristan Tzara as the ringmaster of a traveling circus, |
| 03:05:04:14 | 03:05:06:16 | and Max Ernst in drag, |
| 03:05:06:20 | 03:05:10:17 | playing chess against Tristan Tzara, as a gigolo. |
| 03:05:14:05 | 03:05:19:18 | The subtitle was: "A Story of Esmeralda del Rio's Metamorphosis." |
| 03:05:20:13 | 03:05:24:11 | All the characters and places intersected and transformed. |
| 03:05:24:19 | 03:05:28:19 | The policemen with their truncheons celebrated their resurrection |
| 03:05:29:02 | 03:05:32:24 | from the floods of Lake Constance with an auto-da-fé: |
| 03:05:33:03 | 03:05:37:03 | They burn down a studio and with it all the art inside. |
| 03:08:17:03 | 03:08:19:10 | In the midst of the Algerian War, |
| 03:08:19:14 | 03:08:24:18 | Edith Piaf dedicated this chanson to the French Foreign Legion. |
| 03:08:24:22 | 03:08:29:24 | Yet another building block in the absurd theater of brutality. |
Distributor: Icarus Films
Length: 131 minutes
Date: 2020
Genre: Expository
Language: German; English; French / English subtitles
Color/BW:
/
Closed Captioning: Available
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