WEBVTT

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[music]

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[music]

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Since the end of the 19th century industrialized man has been
confronted with new kinds of possibilities and problems,

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all of which in one way or another are the
consequences of a storm of technological progress.

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Amidst the smoke and wars architects

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and artists saw early on that this was a world
full of possibilities with plenty of room

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for visionary ideas. They
were motivated and driven

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by the problems of the day be it a
shortage of housing, urban decay,

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or pollution, or visions brought changes in our
ways of living and dwelling that challenged

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our concepts of the good the
truth and the beautiful.

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As industrial society spread over Europe Rudolf
Steiner sat in the Alps designing a building

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in which he wanted to reflect his belief in the
meeting between the scientific and the spiritual

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a project that changed the history
of building in concrete forever.

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[sil.]

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[music]

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[music]

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After World War II there was a
shortage of housing in Europe.

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(inaudible) thought that we should be able to produce quality
apartments at the same pace as Henry Ford produced cars.

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His preoccupation with efficiency

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and function lead up to the idea of a building
that you wouldn\'t even have to leave.

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[sil.]

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I created the Unité de Marseille which
cost me five years of terrible insults

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being treated as an \"anti-patriot\"
a lousy engineer… scandalous etc.

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It was extremely new, exceptional.

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It exploded to some extent in
a traditional environment.

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Le Corhousier disliked useless
things cluttering up a home.

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No ornaments, not tons of crockery.
He wanted essentials, simplicity.

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[sil.]

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The chairman of the Seine medical association said: \"Le
Corbusier will increase numbers of insane ten-fold.\"

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About the Marseille project,
they said: \"Tragic loneliness.\"

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\"The insane will increase ten-fold
due to overcrowding and the din.\"

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Yet there\'s utter silence. You see
no one, though 2,000 live there.

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[sil.]

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Waiting for lifts here is
like waiting for buses.

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So you\'ve time to get to know each other.

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And there\'s been a tenants\'
association since the first year.

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There was an internal phone. When
I got here, there was a line…

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you could call, flat to flat - no charge.

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[music]

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It was important that the buildings left room
for sun, space, and greenery for pedestrians.

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He even went so far as to suggest
laying roads on the rooftops.

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[music]

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No, sir, all this can\'t keep (inaudible)
from putting down his ideas.

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Something is going to add up here,
his own air conditioned castle

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with a deep breeze. Great big lawn
(inaudible) welcome him home.

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And the end of the fighting
overseas release millions

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of GI\'s divided home for someplace to live.

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Somewhere, somewhere, anywhere.

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I\'ve got (inaudible).

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An imaginative building
concern Levitt and sons had

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an idea about this problem, a new kind
of home was designed a quality house,

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but one that could be rented for $60 a month.
The key was assembly line construction

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of homes built on radiant heated
concrete slabs they guaranteed 2,000 of

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these rental homes to returned servicemen,
but the idea would expand far beyond this,

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this is where the suburban dream was born.

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We just looked at the house and
it looks nice so we bought it.

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And the salesman assured us that there are a whole alike
inside so you don\'t worry, you saw this one. It\'s okay.

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In five hours they sold 650
houses, and they\'ve built

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17, 447 in less than five years.

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[music]

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Then the early days the
houses were very much alike

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and men would come home late
at night and the wintertime

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and it would be dark. And one man he came in he
didn\'t even notice there was a different kitchen set

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he just sat down and the woman came out
and said who are you? And he said,

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\"Oh, this isn\'t my house?

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When I first mentioned to my
mother that I was coming out here.

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She said you\'re moving into the boondocks, you know,
and all of fishing cottage it will never last.

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How many years, 53 years.

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Originally Leavitt had that close in
when you took over the house no fences,

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and no clothesline, but then
people got dogs, and cats,

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and they felt that if they don\'t want it be
a pet to the neighbor they put up fences.

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At the very beginning
American government stated

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if any builder built

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more than 10 homes it would…
It\'s like a community

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they have to have all of one color.

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They thought it would be more harmonious

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if we were all Caucasian
or whatever you chose.

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But in those days all the Caucasians
had the money everybody else didn\'t.

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So William Leavitt chose
because of the FHA ruling,

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he chose to have a Caucasian only because

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that\'s where the money was. This was
at the very beginning in \'47 and \'48

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it was struck down \'49 but the damage
was done he was called a racist,

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he was called all sorts of names, but across
the nation it was that way everywhere.

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[music]

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At the beginning we were one car family.

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And that one car went with the
husband, all the husbands left

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and the whole town was women and babies.
I mean, where would you get a town

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where every body is at same
age, and stage of life,

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but to me that\'s the most
unusual situation ever.

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[music]

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(inaudible) traffic control frequency
one, three, two. The weather is clear

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and we\'re approaching Brasilia the capital
of Brazil which was conceived by architects

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Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer in 1956.

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This unique functionalist city
was built in only four years.

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[music]

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[music]

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[music]

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[music]

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[music]

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[music]

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[sil.]

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Lúcio Costa was so detailed in his plans
for Brasilia that he even wrote graves

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should be shallow and have plain tombstones
all without any signs of ostentation.

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[sil.]

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I think we (inaudible) by the
Puritanism of functionalism.

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[sil.]

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Within off the ground we did (inaudible),
instant cities, and walking cities,

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and non-cities, we did
a lot of anti houses.

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But because you were in love we did the
anti-house and it\'s rather like you.

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We proved the tree and
all the flower again.

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It\'s a rather great day

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as all it is too often now here in England.

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Instant City was the idea of bringing the
buzz of a city to a very small place.

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So that you took all the
sort of packaged museums

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(inaudible) visual information of a museum

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and the pop concerts and the buzz
of a downtown but you took it

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like a circus to a little place and then
for a short time that became the city.

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In a sense it was related to (inaudible)
notion that everything, you know, a person

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to be famous two minutes, town could
be famous could be a city for a week

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and then it would move on.

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There was a whole conversation

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what about Zeppelins around that time and I
said wait a minute that\'s a much nicer idea,

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just glide into the throwaway
description is that you would hear

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a strange noise in the middle of
the night you would hear a motion

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in the sky and stop. And when you woke up
in the morning the city had descended.

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[music]

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You know in a way like a fairground, but
a kind of, kind of culture fairground,

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you know, culture.

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(inaudible) information learn French
in three days, this kind of thing.

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[sil.]

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In a way if you imagine
as I can say no like

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a dismountable version of the
skin, of the grafts building.

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[sil.]

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Regard it like a dog like a
friendly dog in a basket,

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you know, the basket is graft and the dog
sits there. And it was my colleague Colin

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who invented the term the friendly alien.

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We wanted to have a complete mystery
container what they are like a capsule

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that we contain the theatre
of the surprise (inaudible)

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It\'s been in a lot of airline magazines and

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and popular magazines been in German
sex magazines and clothing magazines

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and funny thing that it\'s
somehow become a popular icon,

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you know, and I like that because I think there\'s
a lot of cultural buildings hold the public off.

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[sil.]

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Travelator is a thing that you
have in railway stations,

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and tube stations, and airports you
stand on it and it glides you up.

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And I like the fact that it has
that degree of (inaudible)

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that rather gain in the stiff
thing and you walk up the stair

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just glide up and see what\'s up there.

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[sil.]

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We always had this notion that
it should talk back to the talk

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and in the end we were able to do her 920

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pixel points, but again because the budget
was low not an extremely elaborate lighting

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we use bathroom, we use
normal florescent rings

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such as you have Integrative
Nutrition exhale bathroom.

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[music]

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And there have been films shown

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that you can standup on the
castle and watch the movie.

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[music]

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It\'s not using some sort
of (inaudible) in the sky

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extreme technology. I always say that
the building it\'s not high-tech,

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we didn\'t have high-tech budgets
it\'s what I call crap tech.

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[sil.]

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Expo 67 the greatest show on earth.

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Buckminster Fuller wanted to create conditions for
sustainable life on Earth by accomplishing more

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by using fewer resources his
mind expanding ideas became

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very popular with the hippie generation. Amongst other
things he developed the extremely lightweight geodesic dome

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of which more than three hundred
thousand have been built.

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The dome for the 1967 World\'s
Fair was 75 meters in diameter.

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I found got up calculation were
two mile diameter geodesic.

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You could not see that my compression
members in this dome in this altitude.

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There our building really like looking at a
aluminum kitchen say from a great distance.

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I found that the surface
of the building standing

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below my dome was 80 times the
surface of the dome it self.

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So just set your cowlick
would reduce heat loss

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in New York 84. I found out

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that the at a half mile
temperature differential

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is only one degree Fahrenheit.
We push out enough air to weigh

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more than the rate of the structure itself.

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So that the atmosphere
inside plus the structure

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now raise less than air around it outside.

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Therefore, like such things it has to

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float (inaudible) rising. I got up to two mile
diameter, the amount of air has been put it out is

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so much that we have 5,000 people inside and still
we\'re floating right in the cloud like any cloud.

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[music]

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You know, we knew that we\'re building
for World\'s Fair, but in my mind I said

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if we use be fabrication cleverly
perhaps we can make buildings

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as open as these for families
who want to live in the city,

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middle income families,
the majority of families.

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An apartment in the city housing project,
a place to live with space, air, light.

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The architects and planners point
proudly to the order the space,

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and light, and air, but critics argue that the empty
space creates a cheerless unfriendly neighborhood.

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I go a scholarship to study
housing in North America.

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And everywhere we went was newly
built apartment buildings,

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public housing fences on the
facility like beehives.

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And I was shocked.

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And my idea was to reinvent
the apartment building

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so the quality of the house of
(inaudible) garden, street,

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and friends is reproduced in
a high density apartment.

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The ideas were very simple trying to have it
open to as many orientations as possible,

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trying to have the house as a
physical entity served by streets

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and not corridor so they\'re open to the rather
even in Montreal everyone gets a garden

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and the garden has to be open to the sky.

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[music]

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The most exciting part was to see the public coming
in and loving the idea and the people living

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and wanting to stay in the building, and
loving to the idea of living in the building.

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They say how can you find yourself,
how can you know where you live.

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At the beginning I got lost many, many times
like where did I come from where do I go from.

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Imagine having to come to your own apartment
have to show your way in the winter.

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Yesterday a taxi driver were saying is it a hospital. You
leave in that complex like where there is little (inaudible).

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Some told us you are afraid leaving
there it must be dangerous.

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[music]

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I used a lot of Lego it was a new toy

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that came plastic blocks that locked
in and all of Habitat was by Lego.

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The idea was one standardized box

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by putting it in different ways

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you could get 15 different kinds of apartments. Ideally
you\'d have complete mass production with variety.

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[music]

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First proposal for the World\'s Fair
for Expo was to make the entire

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(inaudible) 1,200 apartments
that would be five times

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what we built and also that was
25 stories high and not 12.

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So they were creating under and major
public space there was enough space

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for some and a school and a little
few offices here and there.

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To show that housing should not be isolated
from the other parts of the community.

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But as we came down to only 12
floors we did not have the scale.

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[sil.]

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It became very gentrified because it
became such a desirable address the people

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who live in habitat they\'re
quite comfortable,

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I\'d say they\'re upper middle class. But my dream of course
is that the kind of urban housing that Habitat provides

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becomes an answer to urban, middle class
living otherwise what\'s the point.

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[music]

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[sil.]

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[music]

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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People need different kinds of space.

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For example, the habitat for a
single person is one space.

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When you are co-habiting the
space is of another kind.

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Technology will enable us to evolve…

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…to create mobiles spaces,
to follow the needs of man.

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Like clothing - if it gets
too hot, I take it off…etc.

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[sil.]

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Concentrated masses of people
continuous no medicine

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show us the possibility of an urban life without the
emergence of three dimensional structures as a basis.

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We can imagine a network of energy and information
the makes life possible according to new models.

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We can also imagine this grid invisible just
individualized by the equal distant north points.

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Those points constitute
ideal universal points

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which satisfy all the primary needs.

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A new mankind free from induced needs can
survive with the help of the grid and plugs.

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Our elementary requirements can be satisfied by
a highly sophisticated miniaturized technique.

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
There will be no further need for cities or castles,
there\'ll no further need for roads or squares.

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
Every point will be the same as any other.

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
So having chosen a random point
on the map will be able to say

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
my house will be there for three
days or two months or ten years.

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:33.000
[sil.]

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
Pollution was always something we
saw close up or not at all until

00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:50.000
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
gave us a global view from high above.

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:33.000
[music]

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:55.000
[sil.]

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
In August it gets a bit like a jungle.

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
But, using a scythe, it
takes me on hour to mow it-

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
-and two hours to clear up.

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
We have a bit of a problem in
June and July with the frogs.

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
They create a terrible din-

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
I have to admit that. It\'s like
a rock concert - very loud.

00:39:55.000 --> 00:40:03.000
[sil.]

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
It\'s only through disasters and hard-ship
that new solutions can emerge.

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
The more the disasters-

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
- the greater the chances these
energy-saving eco-houses will have.

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
Once the land seemed

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
inexhaustible. The whole sweep
of the American content

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
three million square miles of
the richest land on earth.

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
Today, the land surrounding our
metropolitan areas is being

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
swallowed up at the rate of
one million acres a year.

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:58.000
[sil.]

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
(inaudible) revolution has been a
fantastic magic kind of process

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
and you\'re still in it,

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
but at the same point we have to wise up

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
and try to see it between what
feasible and what desirable.

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
(inaudible) because I\'ve
been here for 50 years.

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
And I think… And I keep saying
reformation in a sufficient

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
we had to reformulate.

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
Because as we are now set we\'re growing

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
very speedily against the (inaudible)

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
and I think that\'s catastrophic.

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
So since agriculture and shelter
are fundamental, essential,

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
and indispensable there can (inaudible)

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
I don\'t it\'s facing in general.

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
Where I talk about the reformulation unless

00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
we persuade ourselves to education
we might have to change gear

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
and change direction we will not succeed
in the matter of a good instrument

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
or building. I\'m trying to be that
instrument which is almost so small

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
and so modest, and so build on

00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
such limited resources.

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
We working on the second
containment and they believe

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
what they call living alternative
propose that we can have

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
fulfillment with all the needs
of materialistic background.

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
Now we know surely

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
our immediate future is
going to be cold or hot.

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
In the other this coming
together is the only answer.

00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
(inaudible) in an ice age

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
or you know, tore it kind
of climate yet to do

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
what the animal does and so do I.

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
Arcosanti is a functioning city built to
embody Paolo Soleri\'s concept of arcology

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
a fusion of architecture with ecology.
The opposite of suburbia

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
with its resulting urban sprawl
and time consuming distances

00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:39.999
Soleri\'s arcologies are hyper dense
cities meant for pedestrians.

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
The idea is to maximize human interaction
and to minimize travel times and land use.

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:53.000
[music]

00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
When we find out that when
you have on TV few people,

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
many people when you if you are
in the (inaudible) by a some kind

00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
of a very cool container they seems to be

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
(inaudible) Then there is fact that

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:19.999
(inaudible) controlling the sun
in ways which are positive.

00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:24.999
So this would be more of a family apartment

00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
in Arcosanti life. And
it\'s a multiuse building

00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
so there is the foundry down
there and residents up here

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.999
and these (inaudible) bodies.

00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.999
The idea of what would be to the (inaudible)
pedestrians city with the beautiful space of your own.

00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
Yeah, it\'s very nice to not
have the daily commute

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:54.999
so to live close to where you
work is just an incredible

00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:59.999
luxury these days. You do this workshop

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
and after the five weeks you basically

00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
see if the place is what you want. But I think
that part of the principle is to move on

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
and bring the ideas to other places to
try to create multi-use communities

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
and try to live frugally.

00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
[sil.]

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
Since we are not only opportunistic as a
species, but opportunistic as individuals

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
we find difficulties sometimes to
relay and we belong to something

00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
that is real in ourselves. So
the freedom of the individual

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
and the solution of
individual and so on goes to

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
the point where are we believe and we are so
sufficient organism which is a stupid notion.

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
[music]

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
In Florida Jacque Fresco

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
and Roxanne Meadows work
on the Venus project

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
with the feeling of 1950s optimism,
functionalism, science fiction and ecology

00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
meet in a vision for a new
society redrawn from scratch.

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
[sil.]

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
Might be a big alligator here.

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
We try to make this place to
show people not what the future

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
will be possible range outside the city.

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
We can achieve a level of production

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
so high that would be (inaudible) to put

00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
a price tag on things and that\'s the
beginning of a civilized world.

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
The whole idea of future is to
stop putting up little cities

00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
and buildings but to work on a whole
system transportation, school, shopping.

00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
We only design one eighth of the circle

00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
and then reproduce it.

00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:14.999
And when the city had certain size we stop

00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
and let everything go back to nature which we
wish in the next city. It\'s the urban sprawl

00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
all over the place.

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
And they call cities without crime.

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
So any kid can go and check out anything

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
(inaudible) and woke up right in your home. if
people have access to the necessities of life

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
they don\'t kill, they don\'t steel
if they are educated properly also.

00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
Now for the people that are afraid
that they\'ll be a bunch of scientists

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
you will work in area D all that\'s bull, all
that\'s what you get from your television shows

00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
there\'s no need to control people none
whatsoever in an abundant society.

00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
[music]

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
We are one people have houses and then go

00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
on by the furniture, we think that like
your automobile you have to buy seats

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
it comes with everything so one
wanna mold all that in the house.

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:28.000
[music]

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
Jacque and Roxanne build models for films they
make to spread the message of the Venus Project.

00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
[music]

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
So people think all my buildings are alike
they are not. If you carefully look at them

00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
there\'s widest range of variables. Some people
say I don\'t know that I want to live in a dome

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
your brains in a dome, you\'ve been
living in a dome all your life.

00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:04.999
This is how we make our
partners we change the dye,

00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:09.999
we change the shape, and
then pressure moves

00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.999
a composite material falling and we cut it

00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:19.999
and then this machine lifts it.

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
And this machine inserts
the apartment on to that.

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
Understand? No humans do any
work any kind of work at all.

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
Except what you like to do
art, music, play, write,

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.999
travel, scuba diving. You
know, it only take 7,000

00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:44.999
or less people to run everything on earth.
We don\'t need everybody anymore.

00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:49.999
With the advent of automation and
nanotechnology we will make machines

00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:54.999
and they will do most of the work.

00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:59.999
There\'s no such thing as Utopia it\'s the best you can
design up to now. I don\'t want you to think of my city

00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:04.999
as the ideal city it is not it would be
a straight jacket to future generations

00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
they\'re like an old cities. You
understand no final frontier

00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
that\'s a message.

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
[sil.]

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
Oh I got all these ideas
from the human body

00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.999
when you get an infection you
tell there\'s no committee meeting

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:34.999
that sends a committee to the brain, and the
brains say, \"Oh, I\'m gonna do a two-month study by

00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
that time your infection is up to your knee.\"
The antibody go right away so every organ

00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
in the body is taken care of that\'s way to Earth where
(inaudible) nature\'s way not Fresco\'s way, okay?

00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:53.000
[sil.]

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:13.000
[sil.]