WEBVTT

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♪

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Refugee camp;
camp for displaced persons;

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detention center;
the Jungle.

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The names may vary,
but the reality is the same.

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Such camps are becoming
a key element of global society.

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(background commotion)

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Some 17 million people currently
live within their confines,

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which, taken together,
would make them

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the world\'\'s 60th
most populous country.

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♪

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This vast system involves
juggling humanitarian concerns

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and managing undesirables,

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who the rich countries
want to keep out at all costs.

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♪

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(baby crying)

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♪

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Imagine:

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You\'\'ve just left behind

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everything that was
familiar to you.

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Before, you had a house,
a family, a job.

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But you were forced to flee
a war, a dictator, or massacres.

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You\'\'ve just succeeded
in crossing a border,

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or simply reaching a safe zone.

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You\'\'re about to become
a refugee, or displaced person,

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and from now on,
you will lead your life

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in the land of camps.

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You might be like
(unintelligible name).

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He\'\'s 23, and he\'\'s Burundian.

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He just arrived in Tanzania.

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But does he--does he know
that he will go to a camp?

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♪

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(commotion, babies crying)

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♪

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The first thing you will have
to learn in this new country

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is how to wait in line.

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There\'\'s a queue to get in,

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a queue for food,
a queue for shelter.

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♪

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I was just trying
to wristband them,

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to make sure we\'\'re making
a simple registration,

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the first registration
to take them to--

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so that we make sure
they go all to the camp.

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But why do they have
to go to a camp?

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Why can\'\'t they go
in the country?

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\'\'Cause the country has laws

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that local integration
is not allowed at first,

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so we take them to the camp
where they can access

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basic services like
food, health, and...

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So, these people are safe now?

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Um...yes.

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I would like to think so, yeah.

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Are they free?

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Can they go wherever they want?

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No, because freedom of movement
is also restricted

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in Tanzanian law,
so, yeah, for now,

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they have to stay
in a refugee camp.

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♪

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♪

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Here you are
in the land of camps.

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Despite rarely appearing
on maps,

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camps are sometimes
the same size as the main cities

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in the countries
where they\'\'re located.

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This camp is called Nyarugusu.

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130,000 people
already live here.

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♪

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(loudspeaker announcements)

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From now on,
you\'\'re not allowed to work

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or to move around freely
outside the camp,

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despite
international conventions.

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You\'\'re entering
a parallel universe,

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one which makes you invisible
to the rest of the world.

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It\'\'s your first day.

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You don\'\'t yet know
that you might remain

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in this camp for 17 years.

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That\'\'s the average calculated
by the UN organization

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that you\'\'ll soon get to know.

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♪

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You\'\'ll discover the UNHCR,

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the Office of the United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees.

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You must start
by registering with them--

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the first step in becoming
a citizen in the land of camps.

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♪

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♪

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The UNHCR is a sprawling
administrative organization

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whose original aim
was to protect refugees.

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Nowadays, it functions
much like a state.

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You\'\'ll soon have
a new ID card.

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From now on,
you\'\'ll be called a beneficiary.

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You will depend entirely
on the UNHCR

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and the major
non-governmental organizations.

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♪

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Many people see the experience
of being in a camp

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as like being in a country,

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the country of UNHCR Land

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or the country of something
separate and removed from

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the normal structures
of governance.

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So you\'\'re no longer just
a citizen of a nation-state.

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You take on an identity
as a refugee,

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and you are governed by
the international institutions

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often apart from the country
that you will be in.

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(cough)

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♪

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(beep)

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♪

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In the land of camps,

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you\'\'ll quickly learn a language
of acronyms and bad English.

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The first initials
you need to know

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are CRI for Core Relief Items,

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the essentials to begin
your new life in the camp.

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After you arrive,
the new arrivals,

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you\'\'re supposed to give them
the non--I mean,

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Core Relief Items,
simplified as CRIs.

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So, they are supposed to get
almost eight CRIs,

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but due to the logistics,
sometimes we\'\'re missing some,

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uh, some items.

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The UNHCR and NGOs
organize the temporary,

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but everyone apart from you
seems to know

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that the temporary
can last for a long time.

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If there is
a crisis in Ukraine

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or, for instance,
in a European country,

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what would be the standard
for the refugees then?

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Would it be the same?

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It may not be--it may not
necessarily be the same.

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It may not necessarily be
the same,

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but for sure,
everybody\'\'s going to have

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a saucepan and cooking pots,
for sure.

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Everybody\'\'s going to have
sanitary towels. It\'\'s important.

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Everybody\'\'s going to have
a blanket.

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Everybody\'\'s going to use soap.

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If I\'\'m a refugee,
this is a new start,

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my new life.

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Yes, this is your new life,
basically.

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Wherever you are.

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But you know, it\'\'s cold--

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let\'\'s say it\'\'s
very cold in Syria.

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If you give somebody just a mat,

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I wonder how the person
is going to feel.

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But here with the heat,
if you give just a mat

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and you give a blanket,
it should do for a while.

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And it\'\'s very important,
every time,

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to have
participatory assessments,

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also, of course, discussions
with the various groups.

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That way you can really
identify their needs,

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because now you can see
they\'\'re not wearing shoes,

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but perhaps that\'\'s not the
most important thing to them.

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The average age is 17 years,
right, when you\'\'re a refugee,

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when you\'\'re entering a camp,
you\'\'re gonna stay for 17 years.

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So, is it a good start
for such a long time?

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You mean, are the items enough?

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They are never enough,
I can tell you.

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They are never enough.

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If you are given
just one bucket--

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So, we call them basic items.

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You\'\'re given one bucket.

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You have a baby.

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You need a basin to wash.

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What do you do?

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But this is what
you have for now.

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♪

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Uniform Romeo 79,
Uniform Romeo 79,

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this is Uniform Romeo 912.

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Can you read me? Over.

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♪

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Uniform Romeo 79,
Uniform Romeo 79,

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this is Uniform Romeo 912.

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Can you read me? Over.

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♪

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The land of camps
is also a vast labor market.

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You\'\'ll meet all kinds
of experts there--

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the experts of the camps.

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It\'\'s said that they have
geopower--

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in other words,
the capacity to install life

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wherever they may go.

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♪

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Logistics specialists, doctors,
project chiefs, architects.

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They move from one camp
to another.

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You might, for example,
meet CK.

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♪

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Well, site planning is, um...

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you can think something like
just developing a new city,

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but very basic form.

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So, we need some specialists.

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I was, um,
architectural planning

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and facility management officer,

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first lieutenant
in Korean Air Force.

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Right now, first of all,

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I\'\'m helping people,

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and it guarantees
a lot of adventure,

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like seven times of malaria.

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So, I like it,
and also I like travel,

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and I like to meet new people,

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you know, eat new food,
learning new culture.

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I like it.

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Hello?

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Hello?

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-Um, Edwin?
-Yeah.

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While you\'\'re driving,
in case you need to answer,

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then can you please stop the car
and answer the phone?

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In this specific situation,
what are the main challenges?

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We have limited land
in the camp,

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and the influx of the refugee,

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it was enormous really growing
since last week.

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Only for Saturday, 1,200 people
or something like that.

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So, with that influx,
we cannot really catch up

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with the speed.

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The construction speed
cannot catch up with the influx.

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Hello, Dominic.

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Excuse me, excuse me, excuse me.

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How are you?

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Um, I just wonder,

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who\'\'s the, uh,
the responsible person

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of the wash activity in TRCA?

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Yes.

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(hammering)

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Okay, um, wait a second.

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Excuse me, is there anyone
from the TRCA?

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Yeah, there.

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Are you from TRCA?

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And who said that you can build
a latrine here?

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-Who say?
-Who say?

00:17:24.133 --> 00:17:24.767
Yes.

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See, I have--
I have said

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that we should have
a latrine here.

00:17:29.166 --> 00:17:31.400
-Wait a second.
-And also...

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Excuse me, what is your name?

00:17:33.633 --> 00:17:35.100
Mabola.

00:17:35.100 --> 00:17:36.767
Um, Dominic?

00:17:36.767 --> 00:17:41.433
We have your engineer,
Mr. Mabola.

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So, um, actually,

00:17:43.800 --> 00:17:48.200
TRCA is building the latrine
in the middle of the camp,

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and this should be stopped.

00:17:51.967 --> 00:17:54.734
Yes, in the extension area,
zone seven.

00:17:54.734 --> 00:18:00.367
So, what I would like to do
is call your responsible person.

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What is his name?

00:18:01.834 --> 00:18:04.033
(unintelligible name)

00:18:04.033 --> 00:18:05.233
Yes, yes.

00:18:05.233 --> 00:18:07.166
That one, just call him,

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and let him stop this operation.

00:18:10.233 --> 00:18:10.800
Okay, thank you.

00:18:10.800 --> 00:18:14.000
But you didn\'\'t ask why
we are constructing a latrine

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in this--
you should first--

00:18:17.367 --> 00:18:19.033
Excuse me, excuse me.

00:18:19.033 --> 00:18:21.000
First of all,
washing facility

00:18:21.000 --> 00:18:23.567
is following after
shelter facility.

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And in case you\'\'re putting
your own latrine here,

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then we cannot really develop
the shelters to that direction,

00:18:30.667 --> 00:18:34.367
and we don\'\'t know how many
shelter we need at this moment.

00:18:34.367 --> 00:18:37.900
We failed to dig latrine

00:18:37.900 --> 00:18:39.900
because of the local--

00:18:39.900 --> 00:18:41.066
You don\'\'t know this area.

00:18:41.066 --> 00:18:44.400
Yeah, he has seen that
the people are brought here,

00:18:44.400 --> 00:18:46.600
there\'\'s no shelter,
there\'\'s no latrine.

00:18:46.600 --> 00:18:49.133
Okay.
Hey, how\'\'s it going?

00:18:49.133 --> 00:18:50.700
Yeah, as I said, as he said,

00:18:50.700 --> 00:18:55.033
it\'\'s not good because
we don\'\'t have space for this.

00:18:55.033 --> 00:18:55.967
Um, in that case,

00:18:55.967 --> 00:18:57.867
we should not build
a shelter there

00:18:57.867 --> 00:19:01.266
because it would be
in the middle of the...

00:19:48.333 --> 00:19:50.867
So, how many latrines
do we have right now?

00:19:50.867 --> 00:19:52.700
-How many do we need?
-Well, the standard

00:19:52.700 --> 00:19:53.567
doesn\'\'t give exact numbers.

00:19:53.567 --> 00:19:57.033
We\'\'re talking about 50 people
per drop hole.

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Okay.

00:19:57.967 --> 00:20:00.934
So 85 times 50 is 4,000...

00:20:00.934 --> 00:20:04.266
-Four thousand people.
-Four and a half something.

00:20:04.266 --> 00:20:06.900
How many people do we have here?
We don\'\'t even have a number.

00:20:06.900 --> 00:20:09.533
-I don\'\'t have a number, too.
-Okay.

00:20:09.533 --> 00:20:12.400
♪

00:20:12.400 --> 00:20:14.867
Constructing a camp
at short notice

00:20:14.867 --> 00:20:15.734
is a delicate affair,

00:20:15.734 --> 00:20:20.100
a blend of improvisation
and standardized procedures.

00:20:20.100 --> 00:20:25.266
♪

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The number of health centers,

00:20:26.633 --> 00:20:28.567
the number of square meters
allotted to you,

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right down to the number
of calories distributed to you.

00:20:32.233 --> 00:20:35.767
It\'\'s all been carefully
worked out in advance.

00:20:35.767 --> 00:20:44.533
♪

00:20:44.533 --> 00:20:47.066
And for those
who govern your life,

00:20:47.066 --> 00:20:52.567
this body of rules and standards
is a serious business.

00:20:52.567 --> 00:20:53.834
(shouting)

00:20:53.834 --> 00:20:55.200
(gunshots)

00:21:02.166 --> 00:21:03.734
♪

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Is this the man?

00:21:04.800 --> 00:21:06.834
This is the man.

00:21:06.834 --> 00:21:10.200
Make sure that they
are searched properly.

00:21:10.200 --> 00:21:13.033
Why did you have to do that?

00:21:13.033 --> 00:21:13.734
Answer me!

00:21:13.734 --> 00:21:15.667
My little brother is fever,

00:21:15.667 --> 00:21:17.066
he\'\'s gonna die.

00:21:17.066 --> 00:21:17.800
(shouting)

00:21:17.800 --> 00:21:20.100
-What?
-My little brother is fever.

00:21:20.100 --> 00:21:22.767
What you will never see
if you\'\'ve become a citizen

00:21:22.767 --> 00:21:24.867
of the land of camps
is the training

00:21:24.867 --> 00:21:28.500
that the UNHCR staff
receive in Norway--

00:21:28.500 --> 00:21:29.500
seven days of theory

00:21:29.500 --> 00:21:31.433
and three days
of practical exercises

00:21:31.433 --> 00:21:33.967
to familiarize them
with people like you

00:21:33.967 --> 00:21:37.467
and teach them
how to make you a camp.

00:22:01.233 --> 00:22:02.700
That\'\'s the one
with the weapon.

00:22:02.700 --> 00:22:05.767
You have one minute
to talk to him.

00:22:06.033 --> 00:22:07.867
After one minute,
I would like a good reason

00:22:07.867 --> 00:22:10.867
why I should not deport them
back to their own country.

00:22:10.867 --> 00:22:12.266
One minute, Larry, now!

00:22:12.266 --> 00:22:14.967
Who are you guys?
Where are you from?

00:22:14.967 --> 00:22:16.367
I don\'\'t know.

00:22:16.367 --> 00:22:17.567
(laughter)

00:22:17.567 --> 00:22:18.700
We\'\'re trying to help you.

00:22:18.700 --> 00:22:19.700
We\'\'re trying to prevent you

00:22:19.700 --> 00:22:21.867
from being sent back
across the border.

00:22:21.867 --> 00:22:23.967
We\'\'re the refugee agency.

00:22:23.967 --> 00:22:25.367
We\'\'re trying to help you guys.

00:22:25.367 --> 00:22:27.300
-You have to--
-Thirty seconds, Larry.

00:22:27.300 --> 00:22:29.367
You have to help us, okay?

00:22:29.367 --> 00:22:30.400
(whistling)

00:22:30.400 --> 00:22:33.333
Okay, exercise, we break.

00:22:33.333 --> 00:22:37.166
All different--
every different direction,

00:22:37.166 --> 00:22:39.333
every possible problem.

00:22:39.333 --> 00:22:40.800
Everybody, listen up.

00:22:40.800 --> 00:22:43.066
...so we\'\'ll debrief.

00:22:44.800 --> 00:22:46.934
Okay, um,

00:22:46.934 --> 00:22:49.667
first of all,
a big hand of applause

00:22:49.667 --> 00:22:51.000
for our team.

00:22:51.000 --> 00:22:53.867
(applause)

00:23:25.934 --> 00:23:28.934
The UNHCR
is a worldwide institution

00:23:28.934 --> 00:23:31.700
with an annual budget
of seven billion dollars

00:23:31.700 --> 00:23:33.700
and with more than 9,000 staff.

00:23:33.700 --> 00:23:36.700
It trains people
who can be deployed to crises

00:23:36.700 --> 00:23:38.667
anywhere in the world.

00:23:40.233 --> 00:23:40.867
Leave this space.

00:23:40.867 --> 00:23:43.900
These dots, leave it
for the latrines and showers.

00:23:43.900 --> 00:23:46.066
Don\'\'t use it, every one.

00:23:46.066 --> 00:23:47.300
So, the latrines and showers

00:23:47.300 --> 00:23:49.367
will be neighboring
to each other in each--

00:23:49.367 --> 00:23:51.500
Yeah, yeah, yeah,
we can make that.

00:23:51.500 --> 00:23:54.367
It\'\'s like a small city
you\'\'re building.

00:23:54.367 --> 00:23:55.266
Yes.

00:23:55.266 --> 00:23:56.667
How does it feel?

00:23:56.667 --> 00:23:57.867
(laughter)

00:23:57.867 --> 00:24:00.066
I have no idea
what we are doing.

00:24:00.066 --> 00:24:01.400
This, uh...

00:24:01.400 --> 00:24:05.800
when are you deep
inside these kind of settings,

00:24:05.800 --> 00:24:07.266
you will feel to yourselves

00:24:07.266 --> 00:24:10.066
that you are responsible
for all this population,

00:24:10.066 --> 00:24:14.000
and all this, it will add
burden--burden your shoulders.

00:24:14.000 --> 00:24:18.667
You will not feel comfortable
unless everyone is satisfied,

00:24:18.667 --> 00:24:19.734
which is--cannot be.

00:24:19.734 --> 00:24:21.700
You cannot satisfy
all the people.

00:24:21.700 --> 00:24:24.266
Where\'\'s the parking area
for vehicles?

00:24:24.266 --> 00:24:27.100
-The parking area.
-For vehicles.

00:24:27.100 --> 00:24:30.166
Parking area, how about--

00:24:30.166 --> 00:24:34.300
We can use this place
to park our car, for sure.

00:24:34.300 --> 00:24:35.734
And the dry season for how long?

00:24:35.734 --> 00:24:38.500
-Dry season, six months.
-Six months, yes.

00:24:38.500 --> 00:24:39.600
We are in Cameroon.

00:24:39.600 --> 00:24:41.700
We are not in Washington, D.C.

00:24:41.700 --> 00:24:43.834
(laughter)

00:24:43.834 --> 00:24:44.500
No, we have enough.

00:24:44.500 --> 00:24:48.734
No, take it--take it--
take it the other way around.

00:25:35.300 --> 00:25:42.433
♪

00:25:42.433 --> 00:25:45.834
For the UNHCR to roll out
its laws, its kits,

00:25:45.834 --> 00:25:47.734
and its standards in your camp,

00:25:47.734 --> 00:25:49.333
it first has to find the land,

00:25:49.333 --> 00:25:51.567
which has to be taken
from someone.

00:25:51.567 --> 00:25:54.700
-Hello, Mr. Mayor.
-Excuse me, it\'\'s Excellency.

00:25:54.700 --> 00:25:58.133
Your Excellency, sir,
Larry from...

00:25:58.133 --> 00:25:59.133
This land must be obtained

00:25:59.133 --> 00:26:00.967
through negotiation
with the authorities

00:26:00.967 --> 00:26:02.867
in the country
where you\'\'ve arrived,

00:26:02.867 --> 00:26:04.600
which sometimes means
tough talking.

00:26:04.600 --> 00:26:08.333
You\'\'ll be building,
they told me, school here,

00:26:08.333 --> 00:26:09.667
road, clinic.

00:26:09.667 --> 00:26:11.567
I have very good men.

00:26:11.567 --> 00:26:13.734
If you allow me
to put it this way...

00:26:13.734 --> 00:26:16.734
-These men will work.
-We are bringing jobs here.

00:26:16.734 --> 00:26:18.633
We are going
to create jobs here.

00:26:18.633 --> 00:26:21.300
Excellent. How soon
will they start working?

00:26:21.300 --> 00:26:22.633
That is depending
on the functions.

00:26:22.633 --> 00:26:26.166
You know, we need drivers,
we need men with strong hands.

00:26:26.166 --> 00:26:29.433
-We need teachers.
-Drivers we have, yes.

00:26:29.433 --> 00:26:31.767
Do they have to have
the license?

00:26:31.767 --> 00:26:35.233
Yes, they do have
to have the license.

00:26:35.233 --> 00:26:37.500
So, we\'\'re going to walk here.

00:26:37.500 --> 00:26:39.233
The land you see is open.

00:26:39.233 --> 00:26:42.133
The game that we played
in this exercise,

00:26:42.133 --> 00:26:47.667
I was playing
slightly corrupt official,

00:26:47.667 --> 00:26:49.934
which certainly isn\'\'t
always the case,

00:26:49.934 --> 00:26:51.633
but a lot of people
in place of power

00:26:51.633 --> 00:26:54.600
would like to get as much
as they can out of these.

00:26:54.600 --> 00:26:58.567
So as part of a training
in negotiation and diplomacy

00:26:58.567 --> 00:27:00.166
and dealing with counterparts,

00:27:00.166 --> 00:27:03.867
I play a mayor who wants,
basically, to hire--

00:27:03.867 --> 00:27:07.834
have his family, friends, hired.

00:27:09.333 --> 00:27:12.166
Do they know what
they\'\'re talking about?

00:27:12.166 --> 00:27:14.967
-So you measured 78,266.
-78,000.

00:27:14.967 --> 00:27:16.066
You measured 175,000.

00:27:16.066 --> 00:27:18.800
It will be crowded,
it is less than half.

00:27:18.800 --> 00:27:21.233
Wait a second, we have
two different numbers here.

00:27:21.233 --> 00:27:25.333
We just--we need to confirm that
we have the correct calculation.

00:27:25.333 --> 00:27:27.166
So, is the land
acceptable for you?

00:27:27.166 --> 00:27:30.767
Uh, it is below
the international standards,

00:27:30.767 --> 00:27:31.834
unfortunately.

00:27:31.834 --> 00:27:33.467
How much for one person?

00:27:33.467 --> 00:27:34.834
For the entire services

00:27:34.834 --> 00:27:37.200
that\'\'s gonna be provided
for the refugee,

00:27:37.200 --> 00:27:40.033
we need 35 square meters
per individual.

00:27:40.033 --> 00:27:41.467
-Thirty-five?
-Forty-five.

00:27:41.467 --> 00:27:44.166
-Thirty-five minimum.
-Forty-five.

00:27:44.166 --> 00:27:45.200
Is it 35 or 45?

00:27:45.200 --> 00:27:46.967
Forty-five square meters
per family.

00:27:46.967 --> 00:27:48.567
And so, if it\'\'s this number,

00:27:48.567 --> 00:27:51.667
we have--you need 16 hectares.

00:27:51.667 --> 00:27:53.734
The difficult things are that

00:27:53.734 --> 00:27:58.367
there are these standards
and indicators, which is math,

00:27:58.367 --> 00:28:02.033
and it\'\'s not absolutely true,
but generally speaking,

00:28:02.033 --> 00:28:04.834
humanitarians are bad at math.

00:28:04.834 --> 00:28:06.433
They quickly have self-doubt

00:28:06.433 --> 00:28:08.367
and they\'\'re not sure
if the number\'\'s right,

00:28:08.367 --> 00:28:10.266
and they fumble,
and they get stressed,

00:28:10.266 --> 00:28:14.900
and then they tell you
another number and another one.

00:28:14.900 --> 00:28:16.500
So, it\'\'s quite challenging.

00:28:16.500 --> 00:28:19.967
We apologize, we actually
made a miscalculation.

00:28:19.967 --> 00:28:21.433
Actually, for 5,000 people,

00:28:21.433 --> 00:28:23.133
to keep
the international standards,

00:28:23.133 --> 00:28:29.600
only the tent size should be
225,000 square meters.

00:28:29.600 --> 00:28:31.834
-And if we wanna--
-How many hectares do you want?

00:28:31.834 --> 00:28:34.266
We are going to calculate
exactly how many hectares.

00:28:34.266 --> 00:28:35.633
That is for our
tomorrow meeting.

00:28:35.633 --> 00:28:38.600
I\'\'m sorry, I\'\'m talking
to the minister tonight.

00:28:38.600 --> 00:28:39.934
How many hectares do you want?

00:28:39.934 --> 00:28:41.934
We can get back to you
in an hour.

00:28:41.934 --> 00:28:43.967
Get back--what--
tell me now!

00:28:43.967 --> 00:28:46.467
-We need 22,000 then.
-22,000 hectares?

00:28:46.467 --> 00:28:49.633
-We do a quick calculation.
-22,000 hectares?

00:28:49.633 --> 00:28:52.533
-You want half of Cameroon.
-Square meters, square meters.

00:28:52.533 --> 00:28:56.934
If you consider
the way that we use land,

00:28:56.934 --> 00:28:59.000
all of the good land is taken,

00:28:59.000 --> 00:29:03.467
so the first problem,
most land that\'\'ll be offered,

00:29:03.467 --> 00:29:05.033
something\'\'s wrong with it.

00:29:05.033 --> 00:29:06.967
It will flood or it\'\'s dry

00:29:06.967 --> 00:29:10.934
or there\'\'s no water
or there\'\'s no access.

00:29:10.934 --> 00:29:12.266
If that wasn\'\'t so,

00:29:12.266 --> 00:29:14.867
somebody will be living on it
and using it.

00:29:14.867 --> 00:29:19.066
The second problem is that
it is a national treasure,

00:29:19.066 --> 00:29:21.066
and people understand
that they\'\'re giving it away

00:29:21.066 --> 00:29:24.333
under control to someone else,
and that\'\'s difficult.

00:29:24.333 --> 00:29:26.567
So, yes, it\'\'s hard.

00:29:29.266 --> 00:29:31.767
It\'\'s certainly true
that refugee-hosting states

00:29:31.767 --> 00:29:35.800
often use refugee camps
as kind of a bargaining tool.

00:29:35.800 --> 00:29:37.467
They will point
to refugee camps to say,

00:29:37.467 --> 00:29:41.500
\"Look at all the refugees
we are hosting on our territory.

00:29:41.500 --> 00:29:42.767
They\'\'re in our country,

00:29:42.767 --> 00:29:44.433
not through any fault
of our own,

00:29:44.433 --> 00:29:46.367
but because of the fault
of their own government

00:29:46.367 --> 00:29:49.367
and their own people
who were unable to maintain

00:29:49.367 --> 00:29:50.367
peace in their country,

00:29:50.367 --> 00:29:55.233
and if you want to expect us to
continue hosting these refugees,

00:29:55.233 --> 00:29:57.734
then the only way is
for the international community

00:29:57.734 --> 00:30:01.000
to come in with better resources
and more money.\"

00:30:01.000 --> 00:30:03.400
So, certainly,
one of the reasons

00:30:03.400 --> 00:30:06.567
why refugee camps have stayed
in existence for so long

00:30:06.567 --> 00:30:09.400
is because
refugee-hosting countries

00:30:09.400 --> 00:30:11.767
often prefer refugees
to remaining camps.

00:30:11.767 --> 00:30:14.533
They\'\'re more visible,
they\'\'re more tangible,

00:30:14.533 --> 00:30:16.900
they can be shown
to the international media,

00:30:16.900 --> 00:30:21.266
they can be shown
to donor countries.

00:30:21.266 --> 00:30:34.934
♪

00:30:34.934 --> 00:30:37.900
With host countries using camps
to negotiate subsidies

00:30:37.900 --> 00:30:41.567
and conflicts that no one
has any interest in stopping,

00:30:41.567 --> 00:30:43.133
there are many reasons
why your camp

00:30:43.133 --> 00:30:47.300
will remain in existence,
sometimes for decades.

00:30:47.300 --> 00:30:48.567
♪

00:30:48.567 --> 00:30:50.934
(basketball bouncing)

00:30:50.934 --> 00:30:55.900
♪

00:30:55.900 --> 00:30:57.467
(rim clanking)

00:30:57.467 --> 00:31:04.433
♪

00:31:04.433 --> 00:31:08.400
You might, for example,
be a refugee in Dadaab in Kenya,

00:31:08.400 --> 00:31:10.767
the world\'\'s biggest camp.

00:31:10.767 --> 00:31:14.100
If you succeeded in obtaining
a post as a volunteer

00:31:14.100 --> 00:31:16.266
with the UNHCR
or a major NGO,

00:31:16.266 --> 00:31:18.934
perhaps as a cleaner,
then you\'\'ll be allowed to come

00:31:18.934 --> 00:31:21.834
this side of the barbed wire
into the living compound

00:31:21.834 --> 00:31:25.700
of the humanitarian workers
who govern you.

00:31:25.700 --> 00:31:29.033
Otherwise,
this highly-protected area

00:31:29.033 --> 00:31:30.233
is off limits to you.

00:31:30.233 --> 00:31:33.867
As far as you can tell,
the international organizations

00:31:33.867 --> 00:31:35.734
are afraid of you.

00:31:35.734 --> 00:31:38.166
♪

00:31:38.166 --> 00:31:41.033
It\'\'s a very dangerous
environment to work in.

00:31:41.033 --> 00:31:42.767
Increasingly,
over the last few years,

00:31:42.767 --> 00:31:44.166
there have been kidnappings

00:31:44.166 --> 00:31:46.533
and deaths
of humanitarian workers.

00:31:46.533 --> 00:31:49.667
They\'\'ve been kidnapped
by people working

00:31:49.667 --> 00:31:50.633
with Al-Shabaab,

00:31:50.633 --> 00:31:52.934
the Somali-based
terrorist organization,

00:31:52.934 --> 00:31:56.000
and that creates
a crisis of morale

00:31:56.000 --> 00:31:57.767
amongst humanitarian staff.

00:31:57.767 --> 00:31:59.000
They fear for their lives.

00:31:59.000 --> 00:32:01.567
So humanitarian workers
live in compounds.

00:32:01.567 --> 00:32:03.233
They go out in the daytime

00:32:03.233 --> 00:32:05.166
and interact in a very distant,

00:32:05.166 --> 00:32:08.734
arm\'\'s-length way
with the refugee communities.

00:32:08.734 --> 00:32:10.133
It\'\'s very alienating.

00:32:10.133 --> 00:32:14.667
It separates and distances
refugees from humanitarians.

00:32:14.667 --> 00:32:16.834
They live behind
barbed-wire fences.

00:32:16.834 --> 00:32:20.233
They work behind
barbed-wire fences.

00:32:20.233 --> 00:32:23.033
(speaking foreign language)

00:32:26.734 --> 00:32:28.533
(radio chatter)

00:32:28.533 --> 00:32:44.367
♪

00:32:44.367 --> 00:32:45.033
Every morning,

00:32:45.033 --> 00:32:47.667
you\'\'ll see this convoy
doing the rounds.

00:32:47.667 --> 00:32:51.100
Those humanitarian workers
needed for Dadaab to function

00:32:51.100 --> 00:32:54.800
take the risk of a few hours
outside their own camp.

00:32:54.800 --> 00:32:56.800
Around 30 of their
four-wheel drives,

00:32:56.800 --> 00:32:59.433
some of them armored
and under escort,

00:32:59.433 --> 00:33:02.166
come to your side
of the fence.

00:33:02.166 --> 00:33:03.433
♪

00:33:03.433 --> 00:33:06.567
Onboard, you\'\'ll rarely
glimpse a white face,

00:33:06.567 --> 00:33:09.100
due to the threat
of kidnapping.

00:33:09.100 --> 00:33:14.133
♪

00:33:14.133 --> 00:33:17.333
(donkey braying)

00:33:17.333 --> 00:33:24.900
♪

00:33:24.900 --> 00:33:25.700
Okay.

00:33:25.700 --> 00:33:27.166
Good afternoon, everyone.

00:33:27.166 --> 00:33:29.967
-Good afternoon, madam.
-Good afternoon, madam.

00:33:29.967 --> 00:33:32.567
Good afternoon!

00:33:32.567 --> 00:33:33.433
(speaking foreign language)

00:33:33.433 --> 00:33:37.467
All right, now we are expecting
some visitors, yeah?

00:33:37.467 --> 00:33:41.967
We are expecting the minister
from a country called Sweden.

00:33:41.967 --> 00:33:43.667
-From a country called?
-Sweden.

00:33:43.667 --> 00:33:45.700
-A country called?
-Sweden.

00:33:50.900 --> 00:33:53.834
You will, however,
sometimes receive a visit

00:33:53.834 --> 00:33:55.100
from a Westerner.

00:33:55.100 --> 00:33:56.467
If it\'\'s a high-ranking official,

00:33:56.467 --> 00:33:59.633
they\'\'ll come in a whole convoy
of their own.

00:33:59.633 --> 00:34:01.567
You get visit after visit--

00:34:01.567 --> 00:34:04.000
donors, ministers, journalists.

00:34:04.000 --> 00:34:06.066
They\'\'ll ask you
the same questions

00:34:06.066 --> 00:34:07.500
and make the same mistakes.

00:34:07.500 --> 00:34:12.467
No one has a long-term vision
of the camp, apart from you.

00:34:14.967 --> 00:34:16.300
Like everyone in the camp,

00:34:16.300 --> 00:34:18.734
you\'\'ve learned to put up
with these visits,

00:34:18.734 --> 00:34:19.867
to play along.

00:34:19.867 --> 00:34:22.700
If the international community
is still going to spare you

00:34:22.700 --> 00:34:24.900
a thought
and continue to finance you,

00:34:24.900 --> 00:34:28.500
you have to strike
an emotional chord.

00:34:32.166 --> 00:34:37.033
♪ Welcome, welcome,
our visitors ♪

00:34:37.033 --> 00:34:41.967
♪ Happy to see you,
happy to hear you ♪

00:34:41.967 --> 00:34:47.266
♪ Welcome, welcome,
our visitors ♪

00:34:47.266 --> 00:34:48.633
Thank you.

00:34:48.633 --> 00:34:50.900
(applause)

00:34:50.900 --> 00:34:53.567
Child labor, child labor.

00:34:53.567 --> 00:34:55.467
Child labor is bad.

00:34:55.467 --> 00:34:58.300
It is against the right
of the children.

00:34:58.300 --> 00:35:02.734
Hold, what can we do
to overcome this monster?

00:35:02.734 --> 00:35:04.934
The monster called child labor.

00:35:04.934 --> 00:35:08.033
Education, education, education.

00:35:08.033 --> 00:35:10.667
(applause)

00:35:10.667 --> 00:35:12.900
Yes, thank you.

00:35:15.533 --> 00:35:18.233
My name is Isabella.

00:35:18.233 --> 00:35:19.900
I\'\'m a minister.

00:35:19.900 --> 00:35:22.867
One of the key problems
for UNHCR is that donors--

00:35:22.867 --> 00:35:26.100
the countries that provide
the funding to UNHCR--

00:35:26.100 --> 00:35:28.400
become quite excited
and quite generous

00:35:28.400 --> 00:35:30.800
when new emergencies
break out.

00:35:30.800 --> 00:35:33.433
So now, once a refugee camp
has been in existence

00:35:33.433 --> 00:35:36.967
for two years, three years,
five years, ten years,

00:35:36.967 --> 00:35:39.567
donors tend to move on
to the next emergency

00:35:39.567 --> 00:35:43.100
and forget about the refugee
camps that are left behind.

00:35:43.100 --> 00:35:44.467
So, if you look
at the figures,

00:35:44.467 --> 00:35:46.900
you will see that
the level of resources

00:35:46.900 --> 00:35:51.800
provided to refugee camps
often tend to decline over time.

00:35:51.800 --> 00:35:56.233
So, you would hope
that a refugee camp,

00:35:56.233 --> 00:35:59.567
as time progresses,
the situation there improves,

00:35:59.567 --> 00:36:01.467
the services
to refugees improve,

00:36:01.467 --> 00:36:04.867
the quality of assistance
that they receive improves.

00:36:04.867 --> 00:36:07.900
In fact, if you look
at many long-term refugee camps,

00:36:07.900 --> 00:36:11.133
the standard of living
actually declines over time,

00:36:11.133 --> 00:36:12.300
and people find themselves

00:36:12.300 --> 00:36:15.533
in an increasingly
difficult situation.

00:36:16.567 --> 00:36:19.500
♪

00:36:19.500 --> 00:36:22.967
Dadaab has been there
for 25 years.

00:36:22.967 --> 00:36:23.800
A lifetime.

00:36:23.800 --> 00:36:25.500
You might have had
children there.

00:36:25.500 --> 00:36:27.200
You might even
have been born there.

00:36:27.200 --> 00:36:30.900
But you\'\'re still not allowed
to build permanent housing.

00:36:30.900 --> 00:36:33.533
The humanitarians
call it the \"monster.\"

00:36:33.533 --> 00:36:38.400
The long-term camps are witness
to all kinds of absurdity.

00:36:38.400 --> 00:36:41.233
And it\'\'s a huge problem
because I think structures

00:36:41.233 --> 00:36:43.367
that are set up
just for an emergency,

00:36:43.367 --> 00:36:46.700
when they become
the entire support network

00:36:46.700 --> 00:36:50.800
and governance and life
of refugees for many years,

00:36:50.800 --> 00:36:52.467
limit their life opportunities.

00:36:52.467 --> 00:36:55.567
You have children born
in refugee camps.

00:36:55.567 --> 00:36:58.600
You have people growing up
and becoming adults

00:36:58.600 --> 00:36:59.767
in refugee camps.

00:36:59.767 --> 00:37:01.333
That\'\'s often a disaster.

00:37:01.333 --> 00:37:02.500
Their lives are put on hold.

00:37:02.500 --> 00:37:06.266
They\'\'re in what anthropologists
would call a liminal situation,

00:37:06.266 --> 00:37:08.800
between the world
of the host state

00:37:08.800 --> 00:37:13.166
and between the communities
of the country of origin.

00:37:13.166 --> 00:37:23.767
♪

00:37:23.767 --> 00:37:27.433
(commotion)

00:37:27.433 --> 00:37:29.800
(shouting)

00:37:31.367 --> 00:37:32.600
So, to introduce myself,

00:37:32.600 --> 00:37:34.767
my name is Samuel Kotonya.

00:37:34.767 --> 00:37:38.834
(translating
in foreign language)

00:37:38.834 --> 00:37:41.367
I work with the UNHCR.

00:37:42.533 --> 00:37:44.300
And also support for those

00:37:44.300 --> 00:37:48.433
who want to voluntarily
return to Somalia.

00:37:54.433 --> 00:37:56.333
(responding in foreign language)

00:37:56.333 --> 00:37:58.200
Thank you very much.

00:38:07.000 --> 00:38:10.767
In--on your way to Kismayo,

00:38:10.767 --> 00:38:14.367
you might meet
certain challenges.

00:38:14.367 --> 00:38:17.433
As you know,
the government of Somalia

00:38:17.433 --> 00:38:18.834
is not still very strong.

00:38:18.834 --> 00:38:23.533
There are some people
that we commonly call

00:38:23.533 --> 00:38:26.667
as armed elements.

00:38:26.667 --> 00:38:29.333
(translating)

00:38:29.333 --> 00:38:32.400
The last information that
we received along that route

00:38:32.400 --> 00:38:35.266
is that two individuals were...

00:38:35.266 --> 00:38:39.867
hijacked from the vehicle
that they were traveling in

00:38:39.867 --> 00:38:42.567
to Kismayo, and, uh...

00:38:42.567 --> 00:38:44.600
the two individuals were killed.

00:38:44.600 --> 00:38:46.200
(translating)

00:38:46.200 --> 00:38:49.333
So, this is information
that you must have.

00:38:49.333 --> 00:38:54.266
Weigh the pros and cons
of making a decision.

00:40:16.200 --> 00:40:23.266
♪

00:40:23.266 --> 00:40:25.834
Your only way out
of the camp, then,

00:40:25.834 --> 00:40:28.200
is to return to Somalia,

00:40:28.200 --> 00:40:30.200
a country still at war.

00:40:30.200 --> 00:40:32.600
Or, if you don\'\'t want
to risk your life,

00:40:32.600 --> 00:40:35.767
you can apply for asylum
in a third country.

00:40:35.767 --> 00:40:37.633
♪

00:40:37.633 --> 00:40:41.700
Western countries generously
offer 1,000 places a year,

00:40:41.700 --> 00:40:46.066
but in Dadaab,
there are 350,000 of you.

00:40:46.066 --> 00:40:48.200
♪

00:40:59.533 --> 00:41:01.667
Because your camp
is too dangerous,

00:41:01.667 --> 00:41:04.100
the officials dealing
with your selection--

00:41:04.100 --> 00:41:05.734
especially the Americans--

00:41:05.734 --> 00:41:07.533
are not allowed to come to you,

00:41:07.533 --> 00:41:10.834
so you have to fly to them.

00:41:10.834 --> 00:41:11.533
Twice a day,

00:41:11.533 --> 00:41:14.133
a plane takes you
some 800 kilometers away

00:41:14.133 --> 00:41:15.934
to another camp in Kenya.

00:41:15.934 --> 00:41:17.300
You will spend ten days there

00:41:17.300 --> 00:41:19.967
to undergo interviews
and medical tests.

00:41:19.967 --> 00:41:21.834
Then you\'\'ll come back
in the same plane

00:41:21.834 --> 00:41:26.166
and await an answer,
which sometimes takes years.

00:41:26.166 --> 00:41:31.166
♪

00:41:56.066 --> 00:42:35.667
♪

00:42:35.667 --> 00:42:39.100
The UNHCR is fully aware
of the accusations

00:42:39.100 --> 00:42:40.300
that the system is absurd

00:42:40.300 --> 00:42:43.533
and that these temporary
measures seem to go on forever.

00:42:43.533 --> 00:42:47.433
On paper, the institution
has a new doctrine called

00:42:47.433 --> 00:42:48.934
the Alternative to the Camp.

00:42:48.934 --> 00:42:52.033
In reality, the camps
continue to spring up,

00:42:52.033 --> 00:42:55.233
and those where you already live
still need to be run.

00:42:55.233 --> 00:42:56.834
We\'\'re going to use the Post-its.

00:42:56.834 --> 00:42:59.400
The yellow ones for services,

00:42:59.400 --> 00:43:03.433
and in blue, ways to improve
the product of itself.

00:43:03.433 --> 00:43:04.767
So, blue is product,

00:43:04.767 --> 00:43:08.700
and yellows are processes
and services.

00:43:08.700 --> 00:43:10.834
In an effort to improve
life in the camps,

00:43:10.834 --> 00:43:13.867
in Geneva,
at the UNHCR\'\'s headquarters,

00:43:13.867 --> 00:43:17.500
an innovation unit
has been set up.

00:43:17.500 --> 00:43:20.700
We are prototyping
our innovation process.

00:43:20.700 --> 00:43:23.300
In any case,
this is going to be fun.

00:43:23.300 --> 00:43:26.667
There\'\'s been an innovation turn
in the humanitarian system,

00:43:26.667 --> 00:43:29.600
if you like,
and since around 2009,

00:43:29.600 --> 00:43:31.633
a number
of international organizations--

00:43:31.633 --> 00:43:33.600
first UNICEF, then UNHCR,

00:43:33.600 --> 00:43:37.000
increasingly other organizations
like WFP, OHCHR--

00:43:37.000 --> 00:43:38.433
have built
innovation structures.

00:43:38.433 --> 00:43:41.200
They\'\'ve built innovation units
in the organizations.

00:43:41.200 --> 00:43:43.767
They\'\'ve tried to build
innovation labs around the world

00:43:43.767 --> 00:43:45.834
that can respond
to field-level challenges.

00:43:45.834 --> 00:43:49.500
And part of that is recognizing
problems at the field level

00:43:49.500 --> 00:43:53.000
that may be really intractable,
long-term problems,

00:43:53.000 --> 00:43:54.767
and looking
for outside solutions

00:43:54.767 --> 00:43:56.467
that may not
have been integrated

00:43:56.467 --> 00:43:57.467
into the humanitarian community.

00:43:57.467 --> 00:43:59.834
Solutions that maybe
the business sector has,

00:43:59.834 --> 00:44:02.500
maybe have been tried
in other areas

00:44:02.500 --> 00:44:04.367
outside of refugee response,

00:44:04.367 --> 00:44:05.667
and bring the two together.

00:44:05.667 --> 00:44:09.166
So, if you\'\'re arriving
suddenly into a refugee camp

00:44:09.166 --> 00:44:11.834
and you\'\'re waiting in line
to be registered,

00:44:11.834 --> 00:44:14.033
and at some point
you have your needs, right?

00:44:14.033 --> 00:44:16.633
So you need to go to a restroom,
and there\'\'s no restrooms,

00:44:16.633 --> 00:44:18.600
because in, like some
of our refugee camps,

00:44:18.600 --> 00:44:20.667
as you know, they don\'\'t
have those conditions.

00:44:20.667 --> 00:44:23.700
This is a project that
has actually been implemented

00:44:23.700 --> 00:44:25.166
with one of
the innovation fellows.

00:44:25.166 --> 00:44:26.600
It\'\'s kind of like
a drawing board.

00:44:26.600 --> 00:44:29.600
It\'\'s a sketch of the prototype
that he is designing,

00:44:29.600 --> 00:44:32.400
and we need to help him
how to figure it out,

00:44:32.400 --> 00:44:34.834
how to implement it
and prototype it

00:44:34.834 --> 00:44:36.066
in the real world.

00:44:36.066 --> 00:44:37.200
So, now for the activity,

00:44:37.200 --> 00:44:39.734
we\'\'re going to be divided
in two teams.

00:44:39.734 --> 00:44:44.066
For those who are managers,
so please take that hat off,

00:44:44.066 --> 00:44:45.934
and think yourself as refugees.

00:44:45.934 --> 00:44:48.433
Exactly. Now we have
five minutes till that, guys.

00:44:48.433 --> 00:44:51.800
We\'\'re going to ring the bell
as soon as the time is up.

00:44:51.800 --> 00:44:56.767
How to utilize use
of human waste for energy.

00:44:56.767 --> 00:44:59.066
Ten seconds.

00:44:59.066 --> 00:45:02.000
Second is dignity for women.

00:45:02.000 --> 00:45:04.934
As we know,
it\'\'s a complicated situation,

00:45:04.934 --> 00:45:08.567
but this is about this,
providing dignity.

00:45:08.567 --> 00:45:11.867
And the main challenge
is no toilet availability

00:45:11.867 --> 00:45:14.467
in the registration facility.

00:45:14.467 --> 00:45:16.100
(bell dinging)

00:45:16.100 --> 00:45:17.200
Hey, time is up, guys.

00:45:17.200 --> 00:45:20.967
So we\'\'re going to do it
in a sort of pitch mode,

00:45:20.967 --> 00:45:24.667
but take into account that
it\'\'s a limited amount of time,

00:45:24.667 --> 00:45:25.934
two minutes for explaining.

00:45:25.934 --> 00:45:27.266
We need to ensure
that the prototype

00:45:27.266 --> 00:45:30.800
is going to be produced
and tested by the communities.

00:45:30.800 --> 00:45:33.400
We\'\'d only be there
when it is safe to use

00:45:33.400 --> 00:45:39.200
because we\'\'re talking about
a production of energy, gas,

00:45:39.200 --> 00:45:41.567
so there is a component
of safety

00:45:41.567 --> 00:45:45.600
that we cannot expose
population refugee communities

00:45:45.600 --> 00:45:48.000
to something that could be
dangerous for them.

00:45:48.000 --> 00:45:50.500
So, after a lab test--

00:45:50.500 --> 00:45:52.333
(bell dinging, laughter)

00:45:52.333 --> 00:45:53.233
-Prototype--
-Time is up.

00:45:53.233 --> 00:45:56.033
Prototype was not raised enough,
therefore it was flooded.

00:45:56.033 --> 00:45:59.033
(overlapping conversations
and laughter)

00:46:01.000 --> 00:46:04.200
And also about something
we didn\'\'t mention

00:46:04.200 --> 00:46:06.667
is the researching
of best practices.

00:46:06.667 --> 00:46:09.633
I mean, innovation is not
about reinventing the wheel.

00:46:09.633 --> 00:46:12.667
-It\'\'s maybe, in UNHCR...
-Yeah, exactly.

00:46:12.667 --> 00:46:15.600
...we will find actually
in the camp in Nepal

00:46:15.600 --> 00:46:18.700
there is already
a facility of this nature,

00:46:18.700 --> 00:46:22.433
so we need to do the research.

00:46:22.433 --> 00:46:57.333
♪

00:46:57.333 --> 00:46:59.567
UNHCR is going through
a phase of reflection,

00:46:59.567 --> 00:47:01.033
and they\'\'ve had
a number of initiatives.

00:47:01.033 --> 00:47:02.633
They\'\'ve created
UNHCR Innovation.

00:47:02.633 --> 00:47:06.233
They\'\'ve also reflected
on how they can build a camp.

00:47:06.233 --> 00:47:09.834
The Azraq camp in Jordan
is pioneering.

00:47:09.834 --> 00:47:13.467
It\'\'s an attempt by UNHCR
to draw on decades of learning,

00:47:13.467 --> 00:47:16.800
and for one of the first times,
it\'\'s been able to participate

00:47:16.800 --> 00:47:18.967
in the design of the camp
from the bottom up.

00:47:18.967 --> 00:47:23.033
It\'\'s been able to think through
how it structures social space,

00:47:23.033 --> 00:47:25.066
space for sports and activities,

00:47:25.066 --> 00:47:26.233
the structure of the housing,

00:47:26.233 --> 00:47:28.166
the economy of the camp
to some extent.

00:47:28.166 --> 00:47:31.867
But actually, Azraq is
a disaster on many levels.

00:47:31.867 --> 00:47:34.767
It\'\'s a space where refugees
are refusing to live.

00:47:34.767 --> 00:47:35.867
They don\'\'t want to live there,

00:47:35.867 --> 00:47:38.633
so it\'\'s under-populated
relative to capacity.

00:47:38.633 --> 00:47:41.767
You\'\'ve got lines
of really structured rows

00:47:41.767 --> 00:47:46.066
of shipping container housing
that have very little character,

00:47:46.066 --> 00:47:47.967
very little organic social life,

00:47:47.967 --> 00:47:49.700
and although refugees
are pushing back

00:47:49.700 --> 00:47:51.333
and trying to create
their own community,

00:47:51.333 --> 00:47:54.467
it\'\'s a soulless environment,
and yet ironically,

00:47:54.467 --> 00:47:59.433
it\'\'s come from UNHCR attempting
to build a model camp.

00:47:59.433 --> 00:48:04.333
♪

00:48:04.333 --> 00:48:07.133
You might, then,
have fled Syria years ago

00:48:07.133 --> 00:48:08.233
or just a few days ago

00:48:08.233 --> 00:48:10.600
and find yourself
in the Azraq camp in Jordan

00:48:10.600 --> 00:48:14.800
along with 30,000 others
in the middle of the desert.

00:48:14.800 --> 00:48:18.700
Here, the UNHCR has adopted
the Jordanian police\'\'s

00:48:18.700 --> 00:48:22.133
latest innovations
to check your identity.

00:48:22.133 --> 00:48:23.200
In the land of camps,

00:48:23.200 --> 00:48:25.567
humanitarian
and security concerns

00:48:25.567 --> 00:48:26.667
are continually juggled.

00:48:26.667 --> 00:48:29.066
Eyes image
could not be acquired.

00:48:31.567 --> 00:48:33.100
(clicking)

00:48:38.633 --> 00:48:41.333
Image could not be acquired.

00:48:45.567 --> 00:48:46.934
(clicking)

00:48:55.300 --> 00:48:59.967
♪

00:49:04.734 --> 00:49:11.266
♪

00:49:11.266 --> 00:49:12.934
(clicking)

00:49:12.934 --> 00:49:15.433
(singing in foreign language)

00:49:15.433 --> 00:49:25.834
♪

00:49:25.834 --> 00:49:27.600
Before arriving in this camp,

00:49:27.600 --> 00:49:30.233
you had no doubt
never heard of IKEA,

00:49:30.233 --> 00:49:31.867
but you will come to know it.

00:49:31.867 --> 00:49:35.200
The company is now investing
massively in your camps,

00:49:35.200 --> 00:49:37.500
notably to finance innovation.

00:49:37.500 --> 00:49:40.400
It\'\'s providing
20 million euros per year,

00:49:40.400 --> 00:49:42.233
the equivalent
of the contribution

00:49:42.233 --> 00:49:44.367
from a country like France.

00:49:44.367 --> 00:49:47.066
In Azraq, IKEA brings you light.

00:49:47.066 --> 00:49:50.834
It\'\'s financing the installation
of a solar farm.

00:49:50.834 --> 00:49:53.433
It\'\'s located
in the middle of a desert.

00:49:53.433 --> 00:49:55.567
It\'\'s about a hundred kilometers
from Amman,

00:49:55.567 --> 00:49:57.734
and it\'\'s thirty
from the nearest town.

00:49:57.734 --> 00:50:00.367
So, it\'\'s very harsh climate,

00:50:00.367 --> 00:50:03.800
being very hot in the summer
and very cold in the winter.

00:50:03.800 --> 00:50:06.500
And being a desert,
then it\'\'s very, very dark

00:50:06.500 --> 00:50:09.166
in the evenings,
so that lighting

00:50:09.166 --> 00:50:11.433
is a very important feature.

00:50:11.433 --> 00:50:14.767
Private sector companies
pay sort of close attention

00:50:14.767 --> 00:50:16.633
to what you\'\'re actually doing,

00:50:16.633 --> 00:50:19.333
and they\'\'re quite interested
in innovations

00:50:19.333 --> 00:50:22.333
and things that are modern
or, um,

00:50:22.333 --> 00:50:24.600
IKEA have a very high interest

00:50:24.600 --> 00:50:27.934
in renewable energy
or innovative products

00:50:27.934 --> 00:50:30.133
to improve the lives
of refugees.

00:50:30.133 --> 00:50:32.967
There are advantages, all right,
to private sector companies

00:50:32.967 --> 00:50:36.033
because they have--
they have an approach

00:50:36.033 --> 00:50:38.500
where a product
should always be bankable,

00:50:38.500 --> 00:50:39.500
so, you know,

00:50:39.500 --> 00:50:43.500
you have to comply
with a little bit more.

00:50:45.133 --> 00:50:48.033
Many companies
are becoming interested

00:50:48.033 --> 00:50:51.333
in refugee and humanitarian
situations,

00:50:51.333 --> 00:50:52.433
partly because they have a sense

00:50:52.433 --> 00:50:54.700
of corporate
social responsibility

00:50:54.700 --> 00:50:57.133
and they have access
to certain resources,

00:50:57.133 --> 00:50:58.867
certain skills,
certain technology

00:50:58.867 --> 00:51:01.900
that could actually improve
the lives of refugees.

00:51:01.900 --> 00:51:04.567
In some cases,
they have their own

00:51:04.567 --> 00:51:05.800
slightly more selfish interests.

00:51:05.800 --> 00:51:08.567
They might want access
to new markets,

00:51:08.567 --> 00:51:09.467
to new locations.

00:51:09.467 --> 00:51:12.066
They may want to test
new technologies

00:51:12.066 --> 00:51:14.467
in a refugee camp,
for example.

00:51:44.600 --> 00:52:40.000
♪

00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:42.600
Then the language.

00:52:42.600 --> 00:52:44.400
Then the eye scan.

00:52:44.400 --> 00:52:49.033
♪

00:52:49.033 --> 00:52:51.200
Please look into the mirror.

00:52:51.200 --> 00:52:57.266
♪

00:53:00.133 --> 00:53:02.333
♪

00:53:02.333 --> 00:53:04.367
This light from the back

00:53:04.367 --> 00:53:07.433
makes it difficult
to capture the iris.

00:53:07.433 --> 00:53:10.734
No, we could find
a screen, maybe.

00:53:10.734 --> 00:53:11.967
Your fundamental rights--

00:53:11.967 --> 00:53:14.800
the right to work,
the right to circulate freely--

00:53:14.800 --> 00:53:15.700
are still not guaranteed.

00:53:15.700 --> 00:53:19.767
But other ideas are being
developed to keep you patient.

00:53:19.767 --> 00:53:21.600
Your camp has become
a laboratory

00:53:21.600 --> 00:53:24.667
where all sorts of innovations
are tested,

00:53:24.667 --> 00:53:25.967
like handing out aid in cash

00:53:25.967 --> 00:53:30.166
instead of the traditional
blankets, washbowls, and soap.

00:53:30.166 --> 00:53:34.567
♪

00:53:34.567 --> 00:53:35.400
It\'\'s very important then.

00:53:35.400 --> 00:53:39.934
It\'\'s the first of its kind--
certainly for UNHCR globally,

00:53:39.934 --> 00:53:42.400
and I\'\'m not aware
of other partners

00:53:42.400 --> 00:53:44.867
having implemented something
like this in camps--

00:53:44.867 --> 00:53:49.133
is the biometric recognition
of refugees

00:53:49.133 --> 00:53:50.433
in order to issue payments,

00:53:50.433 --> 00:53:52.133
so there\'\'s no cards,
there\'\'s nothing,

00:53:52.133 --> 00:53:54.633
there\'\'s just
a biometric authentication,

00:53:54.633 --> 00:53:57.200
and the money is delivered.

00:53:57.200 --> 00:54:01.033
I find it really exciting
to see how the cash sector

00:54:01.033 --> 00:54:04.166
for humanitarian assistance
is really mushrooming.

00:54:04.166 --> 00:54:07.166
It\'\'s such a growth sector,

00:54:07.166 --> 00:54:09.400
and it happens
at exactly the same time

00:54:09.400 --> 00:54:11.734
when you have a lot
of innovation happening

00:54:11.734 --> 00:54:13.533
in the financial sector anyway.

00:54:13.533 --> 00:54:16.400
So if you look
to European marketplaces

00:54:16.400 --> 00:54:19.433
and London in particular,
there\'\'s so much innovation,

00:54:19.433 --> 00:54:23.533
so many little startups
and companies

00:54:23.533 --> 00:54:24.767
that try to disrupt

00:54:24.767 --> 00:54:27.100
the financial industry
the way we know it,

00:54:27.100 --> 00:54:29.767
and that means new ideas,
new opportunities,

00:54:29.767 --> 00:54:33.367
and it\'\'s coming together
at the perfect moment for us

00:54:33.367 --> 00:54:35.734
as we\'\'re trying
to improve things here

00:54:35.734 --> 00:54:39.734
and make it faster
and more cost-effective.

00:54:43.533 --> 00:54:45.367
-Okay, let me try.
-Do we have someone else

00:54:45.367 --> 00:54:48.033
who is enrolled,
or just the two of you?

00:55:05.633 --> 00:55:07.533
Let\'\'s try again.

00:55:15.633 --> 00:55:17.867
Please move forward a little.

00:55:19.200 --> 00:55:20.567
(clicking)

00:55:21.100 --> 00:55:22.834
Thank you for your cooperation.

00:55:22.834 --> 00:55:25.166
Your transaction
is being processed.

00:55:25.166 --> 00:55:26.800
Yeah, it\'\'s working now.

00:55:28.033 --> 00:55:31.700
We\'\'re able to deliver 98 euros

00:55:31.700 --> 00:55:35.166
of every 100 euros
donated to the refugees.

00:55:35.166 --> 00:55:40.066
It usually goes between
7 and 12 to 15 percent

00:55:40.066 --> 00:55:42.300
depending on the phase
in the conflict.

00:55:42.300 --> 00:55:44.967
So, cash has really
this disruptive quality

00:55:44.967 --> 00:55:46.233
in a good and in a bad way.

00:55:46.233 --> 00:55:48.633
The good way is that you make
things faster and cheaper;

00:55:48.633 --> 00:55:51.867
the bad way is that some things
that may be the core

00:55:51.867 --> 00:55:55.367
of certain organizations\'\' work
is threatened.

00:55:55.367 --> 00:55:56.734
But, um, you know,

00:55:56.734 --> 00:55:59.233
I don\'\'t think any
individual organization

00:55:59.233 --> 00:56:00.834
will die off
because of that shift,

00:56:00.834 --> 00:56:03.066
and it\'\'s just a matter
of adapting

00:56:03.066 --> 00:56:06.934
and going with what is really
the most effective

00:56:06.934 --> 00:56:09.700
and efficient way forward.

00:56:19.500 --> 00:56:23.166
In the place of the usual
distribution of food rations,

00:56:23.166 --> 00:56:24.600
the UN World Food Programme--

00:56:24.600 --> 00:56:26.800
the body responsible
for feeding you--

00:56:26.800 --> 00:56:29.600
is already testing
an innovative system.

00:56:29.600 --> 00:56:33.133
A debit card will allow you
to spend the money they give you

00:56:33.133 --> 00:56:34.200
on whatever you want.

00:56:34.200 --> 00:56:37.567
But there\'\'s only one place
you can spend your money:

00:56:37.567 --> 00:56:39.834
this supermarket.

00:57:59.967 --> 00:58:03.367
The prices here are the regular
labor markets in Jordan.

00:58:03.367 --> 00:58:05.700
We cannot have
any special offers

00:58:05.700 --> 00:58:08.600
because that would not be fair
for the economy,

00:58:08.600 --> 00:58:12.333
and the idea is that,
you know, in order to--

00:58:12.333 --> 00:58:18.367
also for the sake of resilience
of the local community here,

00:58:18.367 --> 00:58:21.600
we have to maintain
labor market prices.

00:58:21.600 --> 00:58:24.667
Well, then you\'\'ve got
a completely distorted market.

00:58:24.667 --> 00:58:26.000
You have a supermarket

00:58:26.000 --> 00:58:28.266
that is a Jordanian
private business

00:58:28.266 --> 00:58:30.800
that\'\'s been given
a de facto monopoly

00:58:30.800 --> 00:58:33.200
over the economy
of a refugee camp,

00:58:33.200 --> 00:58:35.767
and it denies refugees
the economic freedom

00:58:35.767 --> 00:58:38.600
to be seen as consumers,
producers,

00:58:38.600 --> 00:58:41.233
sources of finance and exchange
amongst themselves.

00:58:41.233 --> 00:58:44.667
In an ideal world,
freedom of economic activity

00:58:44.667 --> 00:58:45.734
is about the right to work.

00:58:45.734 --> 00:58:48.333
It\'\'s about choice
of who you buy and sell from.

00:58:48.333 --> 00:58:51.400
It should involve economic
activity between refugees,

00:58:51.400 --> 00:58:55.300
economic interaction between
refugees and the host community.

00:58:58.433 --> 00:59:02.033
One week ago,
WFP launched an app.

00:59:02.033 --> 00:59:03.567
Today, with the click
of a button,

00:59:03.567 --> 00:59:05.800
you can donate
as little as 50 cents

00:59:05.800 --> 00:59:08.100
to feed a Syrian hungry child

00:59:08.100 --> 00:59:10.066
in either Azraq
or Zaatari camp

00:59:10.066 --> 00:59:12.734
through WFP\'\'s
School Feeding program.

00:59:12.734 --> 00:59:16.400
So, what it is is that
you download the app

00:59:16.400 --> 00:59:18.367
in Play Store.

00:59:19.266 --> 00:59:20.633
So, once you click this button,

00:59:20.633 --> 00:59:22.967
you have the option
of feeding, you know,

00:59:22.967 --> 00:59:25.734
a Syrian refugee child
in Jordan for a day,

00:59:25.734 --> 00:59:29.066
for a week, a month,
three months, six months,

00:59:29.066 --> 00:59:29.734
one year.

00:59:29.734 --> 00:59:32.433
Say, for instance,
you click on that,

00:59:32.433 --> 00:59:34.500
you have the payment method.

00:59:34.500 --> 00:59:36.633
So, uh, this is--

00:59:36.633 --> 00:59:40.000
we have about 20 times
more smartphone users

00:59:40.000 --> 00:59:42.533
in the world
than hungry children.

00:59:42.533 --> 00:59:44.066
Donating has never been so easy.

00:59:44.066 --> 00:59:46.967
You can donate
just while you\'\'re having dinner

00:59:46.967 --> 00:59:47.867
or lunch with friends.

00:59:47.867 --> 00:59:49.233
You just--once you
download the app,

00:59:49.233 --> 00:59:53.700
a couple of clicks
on the phone, and that\'\'s it.

00:59:53.700 --> 01:00:06.367
♪

01:00:06.367 --> 01:00:09.166
My concern is that
current innovation debate

01:00:09.166 --> 01:00:10.333
reinforces the logic

01:00:10.333 --> 01:00:13.433
of top-down controlled
humanitarian response.

01:00:13.433 --> 01:00:17.000
I think there\'\'s a reluctance
for innovation units

01:00:17.000 --> 01:00:18.367
to tackle some
of these questions,

01:00:18.367 --> 01:00:20.967
to ask deep questions
that might confront

01:00:20.967 --> 01:00:25.166
and, in many cases, challenge
host state governments,

01:00:25.166 --> 01:00:26.834
challenge donor governments,

01:00:26.834 --> 01:00:28.700
challenge the legal framework,

01:00:28.700 --> 01:00:30.667
challenge the top-down logic

01:00:30.667 --> 01:00:34.300
of totalitarian
and totalizing governments

01:00:34.300 --> 01:00:35.100
that you get in a camp.

01:00:35.100 --> 01:00:38.567
It\'\'s to go against the
surveillance and control culture

01:00:38.567 --> 01:00:39.767
of the international system

01:00:39.767 --> 01:00:43.200
and come up with
more deeply structural

01:00:43.200 --> 01:00:45.567
and, in some ways,
critical proposals

01:00:45.567 --> 01:00:50.133
that can transform how we think
about the refugee challenge.

01:00:50.133 --> 01:01:00.500
♪

01:01:00.500 --> 01:01:02.567
Perhaps because by now
you\'\'ve understood

01:01:02.567 --> 01:01:04.934
what life in the land
of camps is like,

01:01:04.934 --> 01:01:07.300
and perhaps because
you can\'\'t see yourself

01:01:07.300 --> 01:01:09.800
spending almost
a lifetime here,

01:01:09.800 --> 01:01:11.433
you fled.

01:01:11.433 --> 01:01:13.900
You\'\'re going to attempt
one last journey

01:01:13.900 --> 01:01:15.734
to Europe, for example.

01:01:15.734 --> 01:01:17.100
♪

01:01:17.100 --> 01:01:20.266
You might then head for Idomeni
in the north of Greece,

01:01:20.266 --> 01:01:22.600
on the border with Macedonia.

01:01:22.600 --> 01:02:12.033
♪

01:02:28.166 --> 01:02:29.734
Yes, yes.

01:02:29.734 --> 01:02:31.166
Yes.

01:02:33.300 --> 01:02:35.467
I am with them by the bus,

01:02:35.467 --> 01:02:39.300
but it is not only
Iraqi and Syrian.

01:02:39.300 --> 01:02:41.533
It\'\'s also some people
from Somalia,

01:02:41.533 --> 01:02:44.867
so I need someone
to help me explain them.

01:02:44.867 --> 01:02:47.367
My friends,
people from Eritrea,

01:02:47.367 --> 01:02:48.266
they cannot pass.

01:02:48.266 --> 01:02:51.934
Right now, it is open
for people from Iraq,

01:02:51.934 --> 01:02:53.800
Syria, Afghanistan.

01:02:53.800 --> 01:02:56.567
This is the decision
from the other side,

01:02:56.567 --> 01:02:57.233
from Macedonia.

01:02:57.233 --> 01:03:00.667
The other people,
we cannot pass right now.

01:03:00.667 --> 01:03:04.300
So for now, for tonight,
if you want, you can stay here

01:03:04.300 --> 01:03:09.033
and find a place to sleep
and get some food and water.

01:03:42.400 --> 01:03:43.800
♪

01:03:43.800 --> 01:03:45.567
When you arrive at the police,

01:03:45.567 --> 01:03:47.300
you have to open your paper.

01:03:47.300 --> 01:03:48.367
Yes, I have paper.

01:03:48.367 --> 01:03:49.367
(speaking foreign language)

01:03:49.367 --> 01:03:51.967
-Yes, yes, I have.
-You open, you show.

01:03:51.967 --> 01:03:53.433
-Yes.
-But you keep it, okay?

01:03:53.433 --> 01:03:55.867
-Yes, keep?
-You tell everybody.

01:03:55.867 --> 01:03:57.166
See?

01:03:57.166 --> 01:04:03.400
♪

01:04:03.400 --> 01:04:04.734
Uh, Syria, okay.

01:04:04.734 --> 01:04:06.266
-Syria.
-Yes.

01:04:06.266 --> 01:04:25.900
♪

01:04:25.900 --> 01:04:27.367
How persons?

01:04:27.367 --> 01:04:29.433
Five, six, okay.

01:04:29.433 --> 01:04:30.600
♪

01:04:30.600 --> 01:04:31.233
Thank you.

01:04:31.233 --> 01:04:32.333
Papers, papers.

01:04:32.333 --> 01:04:33.367
Six children.

01:04:33.367 --> 01:04:35.500
(speaking foreign language)

01:04:35.500 --> 01:04:37.333
Paper, give me papers.

01:04:37.333 --> 01:04:39.633
(baby crying)

01:04:39.633 --> 01:04:44.500
♪

01:04:44.500 --> 01:04:46.400
Problem with document.

01:04:46.400 --> 01:04:49.166
♪

01:04:49.166 --> 01:04:50.734
Going back.

01:04:50.734 --> 01:05:10.934
♪

01:05:10.934 --> 01:05:13.500
You might find yourself
blocked here.

01:05:13.500 --> 01:05:15.467
You might be one
of the thousands of people

01:05:15.467 --> 01:05:20.467
who have gathered since
the border was partially closed.

01:05:20.467 --> 01:05:23.033
In which case,
as the days go by,

01:05:23.033 --> 01:05:26.033
you\'\'ll see a camp
starting to form.

01:05:26.033 --> 01:05:27.667
♪

01:05:27.667 --> 01:05:32.567
We are a little bit resettling
and readjusting the containers

01:05:32.567 --> 01:05:38.266
so that the medical units
will bring more containers.

01:05:38.266 --> 01:05:40.233
This is not supposed
to be a camp.

01:05:40.233 --> 01:05:43.100
This is supposed to be
only transit area,

01:05:43.100 --> 01:05:46.533
and we were here,
at least in the last months,

01:05:46.533 --> 01:05:51.166
to cover needs of people
that will need to wait

01:05:51.166 --> 01:05:53.667
for a while, rest,
and close the border.

01:05:53.667 --> 01:05:56.533
This is a new reality
for everyone here,

01:05:56.533 --> 01:06:00.800
and this is what we are
trying to adjust ourselves

01:06:00.800 --> 01:06:02.367
to the new situation.

01:06:02.367 --> 01:06:04.600
The camp is something
for a different context.

01:06:04.600 --> 01:06:07.300
It\'\'s been designed
for large numbers of people,

01:06:07.300 --> 01:06:09.767
and it\'\'s something
that endures, often,

01:06:09.767 --> 01:06:10.934
beyond that emergency phase.

01:06:10.934 --> 01:06:14.734
So it\'\'s never been part of
the way we respond to refugees.

01:06:14.734 --> 01:06:18.667
I think today,
it\'\'s de facto becoming

01:06:18.667 --> 01:06:20.800
something that\'\'s
a little more present,

01:06:20.800 --> 01:06:22.700
that the Jungle in Calais,

01:06:22.700 --> 01:06:26.033
the proposals around
developing transit centers

01:06:26.033 --> 01:06:27.066
in Greece and Italy,

01:06:27.066 --> 01:06:29.166
there\'\'s a real concern
that we begin to develop

01:06:29.166 --> 01:06:33.100
an architecture of camps,
even informally,

01:06:33.100 --> 01:06:37.633
to house the large influx
of people coming to Europe.

01:06:42.633 --> 01:06:44.633
Other than on a very
short-term basis,

01:06:44.633 --> 01:06:47.967
it may be necessary
to register refugees

01:06:47.967 --> 01:06:49.934
to provide them
with immediate healthcare,

01:06:49.934 --> 01:06:54.233
and in those circumstances,
maybe the most logical thing

01:06:54.233 --> 01:06:54.934
is to set up a camp,

01:06:54.934 --> 01:06:57.200
but I think the last thing
we really want to see,

01:06:57.200 --> 01:07:00.667
after all the experience we\'\'ve
had in other parts of the world,

01:07:00.667 --> 01:07:04.233
is to see Dadaab
in Austria or Germany

01:07:04.233 --> 01:07:05.467
or France or the United Kingdom.

01:07:05.467 --> 01:07:08.000
I think that would be
a disaster.

01:07:08.967 --> 01:07:10.533
No, you don\'\'t take.

01:07:10.533 --> 01:07:12.567
Ah, I have nothing.

01:07:12.567 --> 01:07:14.800
Then leave, leave, leave, leave!

01:07:14.800 --> 01:07:17.000
Let\'\'s go, let\'\'s go.

01:07:17.000 --> 01:07:19.200
(unintelligible)

01:07:19.200 --> 01:07:21.533
-Thank you.
-Okay, go.

01:08:33.400 --> 01:08:35.767
The whole security system
set up at the end

01:08:35.767 --> 01:08:37.834
of the Second World War
by the Security Council

01:08:37.834 --> 01:08:40.500
has failed to bring these kind
of conflicts to an end,

01:08:40.500 --> 01:08:43.200
and in fact we\'\'ve seen,
in recent years, new conflicts--

01:08:43.200 --> 01:08:45.900
South Sudan,
the Central African Republic--

01:08:45.900 --> 01:08:46.600
flare up,

01:08:46.600 --> 01:08:49.166
so there needs to be
political change

01:08:49.166 --> 01:08:50.734
with a much better engagement

01:08:50.734 --> 01:08:53.000
of the Security Council
and states

01:08:53.000 --> 01:08:53.834
with countries of origin

01:08:53.834 --> 01:08:57.633
in order to put into place
meaningful peace processes

01:08:57.633 --> 01:09:01.066
that will eventually bring
armed conflicts and violence

01:09:01.066 --> 01:09:01.567
to an end.

01:09:01.567 --> 01:09:02.900
We also need to get
to a situation

01:09:02.900 --> 01:09:06.133
where more refugee-hosting
countries accept the fact

01:09:06.133 --> 01:09:09.033
that refugees may have
no other solution

01:09:09.033 --> 01:09:10.834
but to remain
in those countries

01:09:10.834 --> 01:09:13.834
on a long-term
or even permanent basis,

01:09:13.834 --> 01:09:16.633
and to be much more sympathetic
to the idea

01:09:16.633 --> 01:09:18.467
of locally integrating refugees

01:09:18.467 --> 01:09:20.834
rather than expecting them
to go back home,

01:09:20.834 --> 01:09:24.867
because in many cases,
they simply can\'\'t go back home.

01:09:24.867 --> 01:09:38.767
♪

01:09:38.767 --> 01:09:41.266
How many camps
will you experience

01:09:41.266 --> 01:09:42.567
during your exile?

01:09:42.567 --> 01:09:45.700
How many will Europe
build for you?

01:09:45.700 --> 01:09:48.166
How many other undesirables
like you

01:09:48.166 --> 01:09:52.600
will swell the population
of this land of camps?

01:09:52.600 --> 01:09:55.033
Denied access to a nation.

01:09:55.033 --> 01:09:57.934
Denied access to your rights.

01:09:57.934 --> 01:11:09.200
♪