WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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[music]

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[sil.]

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For over 1,000 years, Indians
lived in San Ildefonso.

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In 1895,

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a German art historian
traveled to New Mexico,

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seeking to understand how these people
survived in a land without water.

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Aby Warburg discovered

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that the Pueblo Indians had developed a
complex relationship with their environment.

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They express through their secret rituals

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and psychic life.

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It was a land where men
danced with rattlesnakes

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to master the power of lightning.

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Warburg concluded

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the what we call superstition,
was the lost form of knowledge.

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[sil.]

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He became convinced that the
culture of the machine age

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was threatening to destroy this knowledge.
And plunge the planet back into chaos.

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[sil.]

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In 1918, after four years
industrialized warfare,

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Germany was defeated.

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The conflict destroyed Aby
Warburg\'s life as a scholar,

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as well as his sanity.

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He was confined to a psychiatric hospital at
(inaudible) on the shores of Lake Constance,

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and treated it as an
incurable schizophrenic.

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He was expected to spend

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the rest of his life in the asylum.

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[sil.]

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Fifty years after Warburg
visit to San Ildefonso,

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Indian men and women from the Pueblo
were hired by the United States Army

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to construct a secret facility
over inland(ph), at Los Alamos.

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[sil.]

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The goal was to design the first
weapon of mass destruction.

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It was called

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the Manhattan Project.

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The scientists who gave us the atomic bomb

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were brilliant, uncultivated men,

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most came from Europe.

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They were directed by an
American, Robert Oppenheimer.

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[sil.]

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The first atomic bomb test
was carried out here.

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Oppenheimer called his test
Trinity, the name of God.

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[sil.]

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In August, 1945,

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the Manhattan Project was completed.

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When the bomb tested in New
Mexico was dropped on Nagasaki.

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[sil.]

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Well, yes, there was one thing I wanted

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to ask you about was the term, this
film is about a man called Aby Warburg,

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who was not (inaudible). And (inaudible),

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he was a German art
historians and ethnologist.

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And he came here to New Mexico

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because he was studying…
studying Indian culture.

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And well, I\'m just hoping find some
connection possibility between him

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and Robert Oppenheimer
(inaudible) father\'s interest

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in why cultural interest…
interested in New Mexico.

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Umm… I really…

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We\'re on the road…

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we\'re on the road at the moment.

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Yeah, but could I call you
when I\'m on a land line?

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[sil.]

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In the 1930s, Robert Oppenheimer,
a successful young scientist,

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discovers a log cabin 9,000 feet up
in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.

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[sil.]

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He calls it Perro Caliente, hotdog

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and raises his children there.

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[sil.]

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The solitude is good for his spirit.

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[sil.]

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Then Acadia, the empty land

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is put to use.

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[music]

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Oppenheimer identifies the
mountains above San Ildefonso,

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as the ideal place to conceal
the construction of hell.

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[sil.]

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Washington decided

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to develop a weapon that
could destroy civilization.

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This decision was made before

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the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, when the
United States was still a neutral country.

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[sil.]

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The men in charge were
general Leslie Groves

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and Robert Oppenheimer.

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They embarked on their
mission with high purpose,

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maintained(ph) unlimited budget.

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[sil.] General Groves acquired

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all the uranium produced in Africa.

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He decided to buy up all
the uranium in the world.

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[sil.]

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We were not given the knowledge

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to make this weapon, we chose to pursue it,

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and ever since the destruction of Hiroshima

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and Nagasaki, the world\'s lived with
the consequences of that choice.

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[sil.]

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Mass destruction,

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the Cold War,

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war against terror, war without end.

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[sil.]

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Possession of the atomic bomb
transformed the United States

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into a world power,

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the uranium needed for the bomb

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came from the Belgian Congo, (inaudible),

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the cradle of American Empire.

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[sil.]

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An empire needs resources,
which has to be defended,

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it has enemies.

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An empire needs purpose, a mission.

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[sil.]

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An empire needs a hinterland.

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[sil.]

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The Belgians abandoned their
colonial empire in 1960,

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and America took over.

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[sil.]

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Washington was fighting the Cold War

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in building an arsenal of
45,000 nuclear warheads.

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[sil.]

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Cobalt is stable with
extremes of heat and cold

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and is required for missiles.

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[sil.]

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A reliable man was needed to run the Congo.

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[sil.]

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He was called Joseph-Desiré Mobutu.

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[sil.]

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When the Cold War ended
in American victory,

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President Mobutu was
abandoned by Washington

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and civil war broke out in the Congo.

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[sil.]

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Four or five armies are still fighting.

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The arm bands used child soldiers.

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They raped and killed casually

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and employed slaves in the diamond and
(inaudible) minds that they control.

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[sil.]

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At Kisangani station, the trains
arrive carrying the bodies

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of those passengers who
had been beaten to death.

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[sil.]

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Even today the road for the forest

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is too dangerous to travel at night.

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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Leopold II, king of the Belgium\'s

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embarks on great adventure.

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He acquires one million square miles of
Africa, and 10 million new subjects.

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He decides to build a new civilization.

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[sil.]

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When the rubber dries up,

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the Belgium rulers of the Congo
former company called (inaudible),

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and start to dig up the
ground searching for copper,

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cobalt, cadmium, tin, gold,

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silver, diamonds, zinc.

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[sil.]

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This country was the home of plenty.

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[sil.]

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Aby Warburg believe that
mythical and symbolic thinking

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that forms spiritual bonds between
humanity and the world around us,

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[sil.]

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And that if these bonds were broken,
the planets will be overwhelmed

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by its original state, primal fear.

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[sil.]

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Just before Warburg\'s
journey, he discovered

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a collection of Renaissance
drawings that featured the serpent,

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symbol of evil and cunning.

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The serpents spreads fear.

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It springs out from its hiding place

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and it\'s powerful enough
to kill with one bite.

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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[sil.]

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The convent school was founded
by a director (inaudible),

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a rich seam of copper and
cobalt has been discovered

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by blasting under the convent buildings.

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Lessons continue

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with textbooks dating from 1957.

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[sil.]

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The men who cannot find work

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for the big mining companies,
try their luck at (inaudible),

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unlicensed miners.

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They gather in (inaudible), the big minings and look for
minerals in slag heaps, more by tunneling underground.

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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There were thought to be over 20,000 (inaudible)
and the southern province of Contango.

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[sil.]

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During confrontations with the police
and legal minors are frequently killed.

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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Worldwide, the demand for
cobalt continues to grow.

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It is now so valuable
and even minute traces

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leached out of soil tips can
be sold to the arms trade.

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[non-English narration]

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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Four million died in the Civil War,

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and it\'s business as usual.

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And then they have been
developing the Congo.

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For over a century continued
to supply the world.

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:33.000
[sil.]

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[music]

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In 1939,

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German scientists announced the
discovery of nuclear fission

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and the management of (inaudible)
realized that uranium

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has suddenly become a
precious wartime commodity.

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One hundred tones of all was
secretly shipped from Belgium

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to a warehouse outside New York City.

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This action was taken several months

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before the outbreak of
the Second World War.

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:33.000
[sil.]

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The Uranium mine was sealed
by the Belgians in 1960,

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just before Congolese Independence.

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[sil.]

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For Warburg primitive man lived

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like a child in the dark,
surrounded by menacing Chaos.

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Man who live with daily fear,

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developed phobic reflexes,

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these enabled him to respond
to real or imagined dangerous.

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Warburg considered that
humanity is continuing tragedy

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lay in its inability to
overcome the phobic reflex.

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Men still live with fear

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and still tried to name its cause.

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During his period

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of confinement of (inaudible)

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Warburg became convinced that the
ability to reason and delivered mankind

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
from primitive psychological
impulses of frenzy and fear.

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
[sil.]

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
Warburg identified a Zen of
reasoning and reflection,

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
a space that was protected
by distance and detachment.

00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
And he thought

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that a culture of technology threatened
to destroy the intellectual detachment

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
that guarded the Zen of reason.

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
[sil.]

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
Without rain in the desert,
the Indians would die.

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
To secure rain, they set
out to dominate the snake,

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the symbol of water and of life.

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
In the absence of scientific information,

00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
the Indian snake dance
was an essential step

00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
on the path to mastering the
universal terror of existence.

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
The Indians use

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
of myth and symbolism (inaudible)
to their surroundings

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
and enabled them to survive

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
and to overcome the impulse to fear.

00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:33.000
[sil.]

00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
There are several ways dealing with fear.

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
President Eisenhower spent his term
of office fighting the Cold War,

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
\"Let me point out,\" he
said, \"to this country,

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
never had any of this
hysterical fear of any nation

00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
until atomic weapons
appeared on the scene.\"

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:08.000
[sil.]

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
To counter the threat
of a Nazi atomic bomb,

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seventeen Nobel Prize winners agreed to
devise a weapon of mass destruction.

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
For two years,

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
they lived in isolation, they\'re
locked up under military guard,

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
inside the security fence
over secret establishment

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
in the high desert of New Mexico.

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
And most (inaudible) scientists include
Teller, Fermi, Ulam, Niels Bohr,

00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
Chadwick and Hans Bethe.

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:58.000
Afterwards, they said,
the building the bomb

00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
had been the time of their lives.

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
(inaudible) arrives

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
with the British contingent,

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
his experiment to say dangerous. They have
to be conducted in a distant (inaudible).

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
[music]

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
(inaudible) an accomplished
concert pianist.

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
In months and weeks leading up to the
construction of the death machine,

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
(inaudible) delights his colleagues with
recitals of Beethoven, Bach and Chopin.

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:48.000
[music]

00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
Each of these turquoise represents

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
five years of service to… on my badge

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
and I\'m to get my next one next year,

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
20 years

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
as a volunteer.

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
[sil.]

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
Am I still looking at the lines(ph).

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:48.000
[sil.]

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
There is a main location,

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
it\'s called TA3, Technical Area-3,

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
where the administration building,
the library, the cafeteria is,

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
but there are remote sites

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
where they do various types of experience,
experiments including conventional explosives.

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:53.000
[sil.]

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
When the circle moves,

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
it assumes the shape of lightning,
the force that brings fire and rain.

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
By mastering snake,

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
the Indians combustor rainfall.

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:28.000
[sil.]

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
In matter of fact, the Pueblo (inaudible)
is probably the second largest employer

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
within the Northern New Mexico region,

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
with less almost National Laboratories
being the number one which is

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
just 20 miles to the west of
us from here, matter of fact,

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
you can see it from here. (inaudible)
is kind of in a centralized location

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
and being that we are in a centralized location,
we\'re able to use the revenues former,

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
casinos and resorts to help build some of
the businesses for the entire community

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
and for the entire northern Mexico area.

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
So this is our valley.

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
Come on Jake, come on Jake, come on Jake.
I would like to say one more thing is

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
that the Pueblo (inaudible) and
its people are very proud people.

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
I\'m proud of where I come from in order to have
the opportunity to lead the people I serve.

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
It\'s just great to… to have the feeling

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
I have now looking out in the valley and…

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
and know that I\'m a part of it and that I
can serve my people in the capacity I do.

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
I really love, genuinely love our…
our land and I love our people.

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
It\'s just a great beautiful place.

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
The Indian share these mountains and
forests with the Spanish for 300 years,

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
then the Anglos

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
arrived from the East and
they want an empty land.

00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
The methods used annexation
and ethnic cleansing.

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
General Sherman says that
he favors extermination.

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
And the buffalo herds are wiped out.

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:33.000
[music]

00:42:55.000 --> 00:43:03.000
[sil.]

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
The price of liberty

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
is eternal vigilance, famous words

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
spoken by the man, who invented
the concentration camp in 1832

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
for the Cherokee Indians,
President Andrew Jackson.

00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:39.999
Twenty five million acres

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
are thereby made available
for Anglo settlement.

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
That\'s the only thing

00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
we have connected to the outside world.
Yes, all of us. All of us.

00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
That\'s the good news. All of us off the grid.
We don\'t… we\'re not connected, no city water,

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
no community… no community sewer. As I said
I have a documentary called off the grid

00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
and about everybody that builds out here.

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:15.000
Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, we don\'t… we don\'t…

00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:25.000
You know, taxes are really low. We don\'t
hardly pay taxes. five bucks or quarter.

00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
Five dollars a year… The
taxes five dollars a year.

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.999
That\'s what… that\'s what we get for

00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:46.960
(inaudible) off the grid. It\'s unimproved land. It was formerly zoned open range. There
were no fences that… when I moved here, there was no fence… There are still no fences…

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:54.999
These been fenced on both sides.

00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:59.999
A rattlesnake is seized

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
and its head is placed inside the
mouth of one of the dancers.

00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
The ceremony continues for half an hour while
the dancer moves to the rhythm of rattles

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
made from shelves and bones.

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
When you see ceremonies at Hopi,

00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
I\'m always struck by the… by the feet…

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
by the continues feet and
how they meet the earth.

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
There\'s a meeting that\'s a recognition
from the earth itself and from the feet

00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
and I find that very, very moving. And
I don\'t think that we think that way,

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
I know that we don\'t think that way and they
see nature in very different terms than that.

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
We see it as resource.
Basically as resource,

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
and the Southwest if you\'ve lived
here for thousands of years,

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
yes, there are resources that you
have to work very hard to get them.

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
Very, very hard, it\'s about survival and…
and finding a kind of meeting this land,

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
rather than a domination of…

00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:18.000
[sil.]

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
So there you have what I would consider
one of the most spiritual places

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
in our country and there… there are many.
But that is…

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
it is so obvious if you\'re there and
we exploded the first atomic bomb,

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
and we still haven\'t dealt
with that great conflict

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
and discrepancy and that\'s when… I\'m working
on this. That\'s what I keep yearning for

00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
is somehow to be able to deal with not
giving reasons why we did something,

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
but almost that unconscious
material of what this land is.

00:46:55.000 --> 00:47:03.000
[sil.]

00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
After years of confinement,

00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
Warburg decided to confront his fears and
find a way out of the labyrinth and insanity.

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
He recalled the Indian snake
dance as a means of overcoming

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
his terror of existence.

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
Oh hi, Sir,

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
Patrick Marnham calling about
Hopi state for Peter Oppenheimer.

00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
I think I\'m probably calling a bit too early.
Umm… I\'ll try again later this evening.

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
And… Hello…

00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
Hello Oh, hi, it\'s Patrick Marnham.
Is this a good moment to call you?

00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
Oh good. Umm…

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
It\'s pretty easy for me now because
I\'m not standing at a crossroads,

00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
umm… (inaudible), I\'m in a hotel room.

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
Umm… Well, I was just…
I had been to contact

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
you was like explained about our film. Umm…
I said, I was just happy to contact you

00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
about our film.

00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
Our film is Snake Dance.

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
But we would… we would,

00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
if possible like to (inaudible) if were possible, just a (inaudible)
half or so. And totally and formally and off the record,

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
just to give us some kind of close…

00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
closer impression of the Robert Oppenheimer, side of the
story. And that… that period when you grew up in Los Alamos

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
and that sort of thing. But umm…

00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:08.000
[sil.]

00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.999
Mm-hmm. All right.

00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:19.999
Okay. Umm… Fine. Well, I\'m sorry, if we
can persuade you to a brief meeting.

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
[sil.]

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
Yes, pretty much that… Yeah. Okay. Well,
thank you very much indeed Mr. Oppenheimer.

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
Thank you. Goodbye.

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:43.000
[sil.]

00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:54.999
I was a critical mass physicist,

00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:59.999
processing plutonium as we did.

00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:04.999
Uranium at first, but then plutonium. Uh…
You know, there\'s chemical processes,

00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
metallurgical processes, all kinds
of processes, and… and you have

00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
thousands of people working there,

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
but for each one doing
their own little thing,

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
not knowing what the rest are doing. My job

00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.999
to write criticality manuals for the processing, you
couldn\'t move something from here to here without

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:34.999
written… written rules that
had been followed rigidly

00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
because if there\'s an accident there\'s no
warning. You\'re dead, you\'re instantly dead.

00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
You don\'t have a nuclear
explosion like a bomb.

00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:49.999
But you have instantaneous
radiation like 10 to the 17th,

00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:54.999
10 to the 20th visions occurred just
instantly in a fraction of a second

00:50:55.000 --> 00:50:59.999
and 2.5 times the number
of neutrons given off,

00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:04.999
an equal number of gamma rays given
of, so… so you\'re just dead.

00:51:05.000 --> 00:51:13.000
[sil.]

00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:19.999
You know, I\'m a Christian and
so, you know, you have mixed…

00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:24.999
mixed emotions but I think… I think….
(inaudible) God gave us the technology

00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:29.999
and an opportunity

00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:34.999
to really save millions of lives.

00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:39.999
I mean it was tragic that… that
little less than 300,000 died

00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:44.999
from the two bombs but it
would cost millions of lives,

00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:49.999
Japanese and American and ally
if would have invade Japan.

00:51:50.000 --> 00:51:54.999
So in the long run, it saved a lot of lives

00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:59.999
and I think that\'s the only thing…
that\'s why we won the Cold War,

00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:04.999
and the only thing Russia was
afraid of was our nuclear power.

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.999
So the Cold War I think paid off.

00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:18.000
[sil.]

00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:24.999
What I was hoping to do was
get below the political.

00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:29.999
I have a lot of feelings about why the
bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:34.999
and it wasn\'t just to save US troops.
You know, the Russians needed

00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:39.999
to be stopped, umm… the
bomb had its own momentum,

00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:44.999
some of the scientists stopped and Robert
Oppenheimer\'s brother Frank, who was a remarkable man

00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:49.999
also said that it had its
own momentum at that point.

00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:54.999
It needed to be done, it
needed to be tested on people.

00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:59.999
And Oppenheimer, this supreme intellectual,

00:53:00.000 --> 00:53:04.999
who chooses this place that was good

00:53:05.000 --> 00:53:09.999
for his heart and his spirit, and in
that place then creates the weapon

00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:14.999
of mass destruction, the first major weapon

00:53:15.000 --> 00:53:19.999
of mass destruction.

00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:24.999
Washington endowed the Manhattan
Project was an unlimited budget

00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:29.999
in time of peace because he was attracted
by the new weapons defensive capacity.

00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:34.999
And after spending $2 billion,

00:53:35.000 --> 00:53:39.999
the project to carnitine momentum
and had to be tested on people.

00:53:40.000 --> 00:53:44.999
The atomic bombing

00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:49.999
of to Japanese cities to living
targets was carried out when Japan

00:53:50.000 --> 00:53:54.999
was already beaten, and four months

00:53:55.000 --> 00:53:59.999
after the Japanese leadership had started
to ask Washington, in terms of surrender.

00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:04.999
Hiroshima and Nagasaki

00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:09.999
were not destroyed to end the war.

00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:14.999
They were destroyed as an
essential part of an experiment,

00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:19.999
the development process of
two different atomic weapons

00:54:20.000 --> 00:54:24.999
required to separate living targets.

00:54:25.000 --> 00:54:29.999
The experiment had to provide exact
information about the relative efficiency

00:54:30.000 --> 00:54:34.999
of these devices. Exact
information was required

00:54:35.000 --> 00:54:39.999
about thermal radiation,

00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:44.999
fireballs gamma rays,
fall out, strontium-90,

00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:49.999
blast injuries, flash burns,

00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:54.999
whole body radiation doses,
ovarian and testicular damage,

00:54:55.000 --> 00:54:59.999
and induced mutations.

00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:04.999
[sil.]

00:55:05.000 --> 00:55:09.999
There was a wealth of
knowledge to be gained.

00:55:10.000 --> 00:55:18.000
[sil.]

00:56:20.000 --> 00:56:28.000
[music]

00:57:00.000 --> 00:57:08.000
[sil.]

00:57:15.000 --> 00:57:19.999
Nagasaki bomb is released through
a hole in the clouds at 11:01,

00:57:20.000 --> 00:57:24.999
an explosive 1,650 feet 40 seconds later.

00:57:25.000 --> 00:57:33.000
[sil.]

00:57:35.000 --> 00:57:39.999
Among the 30,000 people, who are
closest to the (inaudible) center,

00:57:40.000 --> 00:57:44.999
and they died within three
seconds, 1,310 teachers

00:57:45.000 --> 00:57:49.999
and children in Shiroyama Primary School,

00:57:50.000 --> 00:57:54.999
1,300 at Yamazato Primary School

00:57:55.000 --> 00:57:59.999
and 592 pupils and staff
and other nearby schools.

00:58:00.000 --> 00:58:04.999
[sil.]

00:58:05.000 --> 00:58:13.000
[music]

00:59:25.000 --> 00:59:29.999
A dead, total 70,000 by
the end of the year,

00:59:30.000 --> 00:59:34.999
3% are military personnel,

00:59:35.000 --> 00:59:39.999
13% worked in war industries,
and 84% are civilians,

00:59:40.000 --> 00:59:44.999
mostly elderly people,
students or children.

00:59:45.000 --> 00:59:53.000
[sil.]

01:00:10.000 --> 01:00:18.000
[music]

01:00:50.000 --> 01:00:58.000
[sil.]

01:01:30.000 --> 01:01:34.999
The psychiatrist Dr. (inaudible)
missed the last train to Hiroshima.

01:01:35.000 --> 01:01:39.999
His wife survived the destruction of Tokyo,

01:01:40.000 --> 01:01:45.000
their son became a concert pianist.

01:01:50.000 --> 01:01:55.000
[sil.]

01:02:45.000 --> 01:02:49.999
Like Plane, nothing.

01:02:50.000 --> 01:02:58.000
[sil.]

01:03:05.000 --> 01:03:13.000
[sil.]

01:03:50.000 --> 01:03:55.000
[sil.]

01:04:10.000 --> 01:04:15.000
[sil.]

01:04:20.000 --> 01:04:25.000
[non-English narration]

01:04:45.000 --> 01:04:49.999
[sil.]

01:04:50.000 --> 01:04:54.999
Hiroshima and Nagasaki

01:04:55.000 --> 01:04:59.999
were destroyed in fractions of a second.

01:05:00.000 --> 01:05:04.999
Since then nuclear weapons
have been greatly improved.

01:05:05.000 --> 01:05:09.999
[sil.]

01:05:10.000 --> 01:05:14.999
As the tensions of the Cold War grew,
fear and power spiraled upwards

01:05:15.000 --> 01:05:19.999
hand-in-hand, promising wider

01:05:20.000 --> 01:05:24.999
and wider zones of destruction.

01:05:25.000 --> 01:05:29.999
[sil.]

01:05:30.000 --> 01:05:34.999
The mission of the empire that had been founded
on weapon, became the creation and destruction

01:05:35.000 --> 01:05:39.999
of his enemies. Its economy became a system

01:05:40.000 --> 01:05:44.999
dedicated to warfare threats
and the invention of weapons.

01:05:45.000 --> 01:05:53.000
[sil.]

01:06:15.000 --> 01:06:19.999
The empire came on machine
for the creation of fear.

01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:28.000
[sil.]

01:08:30.000 --> 01:08:34.999
Once in a thousand years.

01:08:35.000 --> 01:08:40.000
[sil.]

01:09:05.000 --> 01:09:13.000
[sil.]

01:09:15.000 --> 01:09:19.999
Where these cars come a long way or they were
here? I think so, I think so. I think so.

01:09:20.000 --> 01:09:25.000
[sil.]

01:09:40.000 --> 01:09:48.000
[sil.]

01:09:50.000 --> 01:09:54.999
You can\'t use this land again?

01:09:55.000 --> 01:10:03.000
[sil.]

01:10:10.000 --> 01:10:15.000
Is this rice field?

01:10:20.000 --> 01:10:28.000
[sil.]

01:10:40.000 --> 01:10:45.000
[sil.]

01:10:50.000 --> 01:10:58.000
[sil.]

01:11:25.000 --> 01:11:29.999
Radiation from the Fukushima
Nuclear Power Station,

01:11:30.000 --> 01:11:34.999
that was damaged by the tsunami has contaminated
the (inaudible) 10 times the size of Manhattan.

01:11:35.000 --> 01:11:39.999
[sil.]

01:11:40.000 --> 01:11:44.999
This includes some of the most
productive farmland in Japan.

01:11:45.000 --> 01:11:53.000
[sil.]

01:12:00.000 --> 01:12:04.999
Well, the ground is contaminated
by plutonium, it will be unusable

01:12:05.000 --> 01:12:09.999
for approximately 170,000 years.

01:12:10.000 --> 01:12:18.000
[sil.]

01:12:50.000 --> 01:12:54.999
Aby Warburg eventually found his way
out of the labyrinth of terror.

01:12:55.000 --> 01:12:59.999
[sil.]

01:13:00.000 --> 01:13:04.999
His recovery began at (inaudible) in 1923,

01:13:05.000 --> 01:13:09.999
when he was able to show Dr. Ludwig
Binswanger that he was capable of giving

01:13:10.000 --> 01:13:14.999
a successful academic
lecture, lasting two hours

01:13:15.000 --> 01:13:19.999
before an invited audience.

01:13:20.000 --> 01:13:24.999
He chose to lecture on the psychic
(inaudible) with the Pueblo Indians,

01:13:25.000 --> 01:13:29.999
in evoking the Zen of
reasoning and detachment.

01:13:30.000 --> 01:13:34.999
He recreated it.

01:13:35.000 --> 01:13:39.999
[sil.]

01:13:40.000 --> 01:13:44.999
Warburg confronted his fears
and most of them as the Hopi

01:13:45.000 --> 01:13:49.999
most of their dread and the snake dance.

01:13:50.000 --> 01:13:58.000
[sil.]

01:14:00.000 --> 01:14:04.999
Managed for six years

01:14:05.000 --> 01:14:09.999
by frenzy and chaos, Aby Warburg
asserted the returning strength

01:14:10.000 --> 01:14:14.999
of his own reason by imagining
the ancient pagan mechanism

01:14:15.000 --> 01:14:19.999
for overcoming the universal
terror of existence.

01:14:20.000 --> 01:14:28.000
[sil.]

01:14:30.000 --> 01:14:34.999
He died suddenly alone in
his library in Hamburg,

01:14:35.000 --> 01:14:39.999
five years after regaining his sanity.

01:14:40.000 --> 01:14:44.999
[sil.]

01:14:45.000 --> 01:14:49.999
Five years after his death, Adolf Hitler,

01:14:50.000 --> 01:14:54.999
the elected chancellor of a
democratic Germany began

01:14:55.000 --> 01:14:59.999
to expel Jewish scientists
from German universities.

01:15:00.000 --> 01:15:08.000
[sil.]