WEBVTT

00:00:54.000 --> 00:00:58.500
In the detournement of pre-existing films,
use was made of the work of:

00:01:17.000 --> 00:01:22.000
As well as the works of a certain number
of bureaucratic filmmakers

00:01:22.017 --> 00:01:26.000
of the so-called socialist countries.

00:01:26.000 --> 00:01:31.000
The commentary of the present film,
completed in October 1973,

00:01:31.000 --> 00:01:34.000
consists entirely of excerpts

00:01:34.000 --> 00:01:37.570
from the first edition
of \"The Society of the Spectacle” (1967)

00:01:45.213 --> 00:01:49.278
[music]

00:01:54.350 --> 00:01:58.000
Since each particular feeling

00:01:58.000 --> 00:02:00.200
is only part of life

00:02:00.200 --> 00:02:03.550
and not the whole of it,

00:02:04.000 --> 00:02:06.500
life longs to spread

00:02:06.500 --> 00:02:09.000
through the diversity of feelings,

00:02:10.100 --> 00:02:14.000
and rediscover itself
in this sum of diversity.

00:02:14.036 --> 00:02:19.000
In love, the separate
still exists

00:02:19.067 --> 00:02:22.500
but not as a separated:
as united,

00:02:23.000 --> 00:02:26.500
and thus the living rejoins the living.

00:02:35.932 --> 00:02:39.732
In societies dominated
by modern conditions of production,

00:02:39.993 --> 00:02:43.933
life is presented
as an immense accumulation of spectacles.

00:02:44.794 --> 00:02:48.932
Everything that was directly lived
has receded into a representation.

00:02:53.824 --> 00:02:58.650
The images detached from every aspect
of life merge into a common stream

00:02:58.660 --> 00:03:02.003
in which the unity of that life
can no longer be recovered.

00:03:02.841 --> 00:03:07.173
Fragmented views of reality
regroup themselves into a new unity

00:03:07.375 --> 00:03:08.972
as a separate pseudo world,

00:03:09.306 --> 00:03:11.160
an object of mere contemplation.

00:03:13.883 --> 00:03:15.488
The specialization of images

00:03:15.488 --> 00:03:19.528
as the world evolves into a world
of autonomoused images

00:03:19.641 --> 00:03:21.761
where even the deceivers are deceived.

00:03:22.304 --> 00:03:25.220
A spectacle is a concrete inversion of life,

00:03:25.521 --> 00:03:28.055
an autonomous movement of the nonliving.

00:03:34.895 --> 00:03:38.714
The spectacle presents itself
simultaneously as society itself

00:03:39.158 --> 00:03:40.547
as a part of society

00:03:40.878 --> 00:03:42.968
and as a means of unification.

00:03:43.834 --> 00:03:45.233
As a part of society,

00:03:45.393 --> 00:03:48.641
it is the focal point of all vision
in all consciousness,

00:03:49.314 --> 00:03:52.120
but due to the very fact
that the sector is separate,

00:03:52.433 --> 00:03:56.288
it is in reality the domain of delusion
and false consciousness.

00:03:56.968 --> 00:03:58.662
The unification it achieves

00:03:58.674 --> 00:04:02.226
is nothing but an official language
of universal separation.

00:04:06.140 --> 00:04:08.728
After these deliberations,

00:04:08.812 --> 00:04:10.786
we took stock of positive achievements

00:04:11.033 --> 00:04:14.262
while also making clear
how much remained to be done.

00:04:16.840 --> 00:04:19.295
The spectacle is not a collection of images.

00:04:19.761 --> 00:04:24.400
It is a social relation between people
that is mediated by images.

00:04:27.360 --> 00:04:29.370
Understood in its totality,

00:04:29.490 --> 00:04:33.800
the spectacle is both the result and the goal
of the dominant mode of production.

00:04:34.914 --> 00:04:37.066
It is not a supplement to the real world,

00:04:37.100 --> 00:04:38.827
is superimposed decoration.

00:04:39.022 --> 00:04:42.657
It is the very heart
of this real society\'s unreality.

00:04:45.815 --> 00:04:48.245
In all of its particular manifestations,

00:04:48.288 --> 00:04:48.923
news,

00:04:49.085 --> 00:04:49.885
propaganda,

00:04:50.194 --> 00:04:51.073
advertising,

00:04:51.238 --> 00:04:52.055
entertainment,

00:04:54.335 --> 00:04:57.139
the spectacle represents
the dominant model of life.

00:04:57.892 --> 00:05:02.900
It is the omnipresent affirmation
of the choices that have already been made

00:05:03.052 --> 00:05:04.815
in the sphere of production

00:05:05.179 --> 00:05:07.760
and in the consumption
implied by that production.

00:05:09.518 --> 00:05:13.380
Separation is itself an integral part
of the unity of this world,

00:05:13.653 --> 00:05:17.382
of a global social practice
split into reality and image.

00:05:19.520 --> 00:05:23.024
The social practice confronted
by an autonomous spectacle

00:05:23.187 --> 00:05:25.932
is at the same time the real totality,

00:05:26.060 --> 00:05:27.890
which contains that spectacle.

00:05:29.349 --> 00:05:31.339
The split within this totality

00:05:31.393 --> 00:05:35.100
mutilates to the point that the spectacle
seems to be its goal.

00:05:37.523 --> 00:05:39.754
In a world that is really upside down,

00:05:40.140 --> 00:05:42.440
the true is the moment of the false.

00:05:46.045 --> 00:05:47.857
Considered on its own terms,

00:05:48.081 --> 00:05:51.003
the spectacle
is an affirmation of appearances

00:05:51.050 --> 00:05:53.342
and an affirmation of all human life.

00:05:53.751 --> 00:05:54.700
That is to say,

00:05:54.846 --> 00:05:57.003
the social as mere appearance,

00:05:57.739 --> 00:06:01.306
but a critique that grasps
the spectacle\'s essential character

00:06:01.476 --> 00:06:04.332
reveals it to be a visible negation of life.

00:06:04.805 --> 00:06:07.928
A negation that has taken on a visible form.

00:06:16.760 --> 00:06:20.525
The spectacle presents itself
as a vast, inaccessible reality

00:06:20.520 --> 00:06:21.939
that can never be questioned.

00:06:24.041 --> 00:06:27.591
Its sole message is what appears is good.

00:06:27.958 --> 00:06:29.448
What is good appears.

00:06:29.958 --> 00:06:32.080
A passive acceptance of demands

00:06:32.121 --> 00:06:35.902
is already effectively imposed
by its monopoly of appearances,

00:06:37.554 --> 00:06:40.646
its manner of appearing
without allowing any reply.

00:06:44.055 --> 00:06:47.189
The spectacle is able
to subject human beings to itself

00:06:47.217 --> 00:06:50.396
because the economy
has already totally subjugated them.

00:06:50.921 --> 00:06:54.471
It is nothing other than the economy
developing for itself.

00:06:54.547 --> 00:06:58.506
It is at once a faithful reflection
of the production of things

00:06:58.589 --> 00:07:01.930
in a distorting objectification
of the producers.

00:07:02.278 --> 00:07:05.280
When the real world
is transformed into mere images,

00:07:05.406 --> 00:07:07.584
mere images become real beings,

00:07:07.794 --> 00:07:10.528
dynamic figments
that provide the direct motivations

00:07:10.525 --> 00:07:12.081
for hypnotic behavior.

00:07:14.400 --> 00:07:16.833
As long as necessity is socially dreamed,

00:07:18.036 --> 00:07:20.165
dreaming will remain a social necessity.

00:07:21.161 --> 00:07:25.008
The spectacle is the bad dream
of a modern society in chains

00:07:25.763 --> 00:07:29.120
and ultimately expresses nothing more
than its wish for sleep.

00:07:29.993 --> 00:07:32.309
The spectacle is the guardian of that sleep.

00:07:35.398 --> 00:07:38.318
The fact that the practical power
of modern society

00:07:38.326 --> 00:07:40.596
has detached itself from that society

00:07:40.806 --> 00:07:43.697
and established an independent realm
in the spectacle,

00:07:44.043 --> 00:07:46.869
can only be explained by the additional fact

00:07:47.128 --> 00:07:50.740
that powerful practices continued
to lack cohesion

00:07:50.782 --> 00:07:52.973
and remains in contradiction with itself.

00:07:57.410 --> 00:08:01.707
The root of the spectacle is that oldest
of all social specializations,

00:08:01.864 --> 00:08:03.600
the specialization of power.

00:08:04.273 --> 00:08:06.259
The spectacle plays the specialized role

00:08:06.259 --> 00:08:08.808
of speaking in the name
of all other activities.

00:08:08.874 --> 00:08:12.186
It is hierarchical societies
ambassador to itself,

00:08:12.826 --> 00:08:17.351
delivering its official message at a court
where no one else is allowed to speak.

00:08:17.561 --> 00:08:21.678
The most modern aspect of the spectacle
is thus also the most archaic.

00:08:22.243 --> 00:08:25.274
The social separation
reflected in the spectacle

00:08:25.274 --> 00:08:27.436
is inseparable from the modern state.

00:08:27.885 --> 00:08:30.193
The social division of labor,

00:08:30.351 --> 00:08:33.833
that is both the concentrated expression
of all social divisions

00:08:34.053 --> 00:08:36.293
and the chief instrument of class role.

00:08:41.212 --> 00:08:42.340
In the spectacle,

00:08:42.466 --> 00:08:44.904
a part of the world represents itself
to the world

00:08:44.921 --> 00:08:46.313
and is superior to it.

00:08:47.347 --> 00:08:50.579
The spectacle is simply
the common language of the separation.

00:08:50.732 --> 00:08:55.819
Spectators are aligned solely by their
one-way relationship to the very center

00:08:55.819 --> 00:08:57.819
that keeps them isolated from each other.

00:08:58.160 --> 00:09:00.565
The spectacles, thus, reunites the separated,

00:09:01.113 --> 00:09:04.048
but it reunites them
only in their separateness.

00:09:06.062 --> 00:09:07.923
Workers do not produce themselves.

00:09:08.499 --> 00:09:10.859
They produce a power independent
of themselves.

00:09:12.293 --> 00:09:13.817
The success of this production,

00:09:14.026 --> 00:09:17.706
the abundance it generates
is experienced by the producers

00:09:17.718 --> 00:09:19.605
as an abundance of dispossession.

00:09:20.365 --> 00:09:22.666
As their alienated products accumulate,

00:09:22.813 --> 00:09:25.050
all time and space become foreign to them.

00:09:27.351 --> 00:09:31.766
The forces that have escaped us
display themselves to us in all their power.

00:09:35.398 --> 00:09:37.366
Though separated from what they produce,

00:09:37.577 --> 00:09:40.652
people, nevertheless,
produce every detail of the world

00:09:40.793 --> 00:09:42.342
with ever-increasing power.

00:09:42.570 --> 00:09:46.215
They, thus, also find themselves
increasingly separated from that world.

00:09:46.584 --> 00:09:50.151
The closer their life comes
to being their own creation,

00:09:50.373 --> 00:09:52.514
the more they\'re excluded from that life.

00:09:54.274 --> 00:09:58.634
The spectacle is capital accumulated
to the point that it becomes image.

00:10:16.382 --> 00:10:19.902
Critical theory must communicate itself
in its own language,

00:10:21.243 --> 00:10:22.794
the language of contradiction,

00:10:23.586 --> 00:10:26.667
which must be dialectical
in both form and content.

00:10:29.140 --> 00:10:31.408
It must be an all-inclusive critique,

00:10:31.650 --> 00:10:33.354
and it must be grounded in history.

00:10:34.092 --> 00:10:36.081
It is not a zero-degree writing,

00:10:36.213 --> 00:10:37.196
but it\'s reversal.

00:10:38.907 --> 00:10:40.707
It is not a negation of style,

00:10:40.918 --> 00:10:42.351
but the style of negation.

00:10:48.111 --> 00:10:50.245
The very style of dialectical theory

00:10:50.245 --> 00:10:54.163
is a scandal and abomination
to the prevailing standards of language,

00:10:54.586 --> 00:10:57.398
and to the sensibilities
molded by those standards.

00:10:58.361 --> 00:11:01.438
because while it makes concrete use
of existing concepts,

00:11:02.791 --> 00:11:05.540
it simultaneously recognizes
their fluidity

00:11:07.462 --> 00:11:09.189
and their inevitable destruction.

00:11:11.193 --> 00:11:13.704
This style,
which includes a critique of itself

00:11:13.700 --> 00:11:17.954
must express the domination
of the present critique over its entire past.

00:11:19.619 --> 00:11:24.071
Dialectical theories\' mode of exposition
reveals the negative spirit within it.

00:11:25.166 --> 00:11:27.427
Truth is not some finished product

00:11:27.506 --> 00:11:30.958
in which one can no longer find
any trace of the tool that made it.

00:11:31.580 --> 00:11:34.340
This theoretical consciousness
of a movement

00:11:34.481 --> 00:11:36.975
whose traces must remain visible within it

00:11:37.954 --> 00:11:41.622
is manifested by the reversal
of established relationships

00:11:41.855 --> 00:11:43.052
between concepts,

00:11:43.262 --> 00:11:46.257
and by the detournement
of all the achievements

00:11:46.257 --> 00:11:47.880
of earlier critical efforts.

00:11:49.977 --> 00:11:51.245
Ideas improve,

00:11:51.620 --> 00:11:54.723
the meaning of words plays a role
in that improvement.

00:11:55.005 --> 00:11:56.674
Plagiarism is necessary.

00:11:56.878 --> 00:11:58.337
Progress depends on it.

00:11:58.645 --> 00:12:01.045
It sticks close to an author\'s phrasing,

00:12:01.252 --> 00:12:02.942
exploits his expressions,

00:12:03.226 --> 00:12:04.834
deletes a false idea,

00:12:05.182 --> 00:12:06.713
replaces it with the right one.

00:12:09.688 --> 00:12:13.300
Detournement is the fluid language
of anti-ideology.

00:12:15.325 --> 00:12:17.210
It appears in the communication

00:12:17.440 --> 00:12:21.003
that knows it cannot claim
to embody any definitive certainty.

00:12:23.667 --> 00:12:26.949
It is language that cannot
and need not be confirmed

00:12:26.972 --> 00:12:30.163
by any previous or supercritical reference.

00:12:31.370 --> 00:12:32.386
On the contrary,

00:12:32.645 --> 00:12:36.278
its own internal coherence
and practical effectiveness

00:12:36.377 --> 00:12:40.765
are what validates the previous kernels
of truth it has brought back into play.

00:12:41.667 --> 00:12:46.013
Detournement has grounded its cause
on nothing but its own truth

00:12:46.019 --> 00:12:47.260
as present critique.

00:12:50.740 --> 00:12:54.645
The element of overt detournement
in formulated theory

00:12:54.721 --> 00:12:58.864
refutes any notion that such theory
is durably autonomous,

00:12:59.342 --> 00:13:01.848
but introduction
into the theoretical domain,

00:13:01.923 --> 00:13:03.961
the same type of violence aversion

00:13:03.973 --> 00:13:06.713
that disrupts and overthrows
every existing order.

00:13:08.760 --> 00:13:13.285
Detournement serves as a reminder
that theory is nothing in itself,

00:13:13.445 --> 00:13:16.648
that it can realize itself
only through historical action,

00:13:16.857 --> 00:13:20.549
and through a historical correction
that is its true allegiance.

00:13:35.763 --> 00:13:39.363
The point is to actually take part
in the community of dialogue

00:13:39.393 --> 00:13:40.789
and a game with time,

00:13:41.024 --> 00:13:42.189
that up till now

00:13:42.205 --> 00:13:45.886
have merely been represented
by poetic and artistic works.

00:13:48.114 --> 00:13:52.015
When art becomes independent
and presents its world in dazzling colors,

00:13:52.902 --> 00:13:54.996
a moment of life has grown old.

00:13:56.546 --> 00:13:59.678
Such a moment cannot be rejuvenated
by dazzling colors.

00:14:01.095 --> 00:14:02.822
It can only be evoked in memory.

00:14:04.859 --> 00:14:08.815
The greatness of art only emerges
at the dusk of life.

00:14:09.631 --> 00:14:14.686
[music]

00:14:22.217 --> 00:14:24.182
-Having fun, Mr. Logan?

00:14:24.744 --> 00:14:28.229
I couldn\'t sleep.
-That stuff help any?

00:14:30.269 --> 00:14:31.773
-Makes the night go faster.

00:14:34.384 --> 00:14:35.822
What\'s keeping you awake?

00:14:37.252 --> 00:14:38.026
-Dreams.

00:14:40.680 --> 00:14:41.960
Bad dreams.

00:14:45.676 --> 00:14:47.259
-Yes, I get them sometimes too.

00:14:56.012 --> 00:14:57.813
-Here, this\'ll chase them away.

00:14:58.413 --> 00:15:01.109
-I tried that.
Didn\'t seem to help.

00:15:10.546 --> 00:15:12.090
-How many men have you forgotten?

00:15:21.158 --> 00:15:23.417
-As many women as you\'ve remembered.

00:16:07.389 --> 00:16:10.928
The official thought
of the social organization of appearances

00:16:11.046 --> 00:16:14.897
is itself obscured
by the generalized sub-communication

00:16:14.925 --> 00:16:16.506
that it has to defend.

00:16:17.074 --> 00:16:19.380
The specialist of spectacular power.

00:16:19.794 --> 00:16:23.634
A power that is absolute
within its realm of one-way communication,

00:16:24.024 --> 00:16:27.074
are absolutely corrupted
by their experience of contempt

00:16:27.273 --> 00:16:29.309
and by their success of that contempt,

00:16:30.622 --> 00:16:32.805
because they find their contempt confirmed

00:16:33.036 --> 00:16:35.260
by their awareness
of how truly contemptible

00:16:35.260 --> 00:16:36.692
spectators really are.

00:16:46.147 --> 00:16:48.408
At this essential movement of the spectacle,

00:16:48.740 --> 00:16:51.104
which consists of bringing back into itself

00:16:51.137 --> 00:16:54.692
everything that exists of human activity
in its fluid form,

00:16:55.264 --> 00:16:58.295
so it may possess it in its coagulated state

00:16:58.657 --> 00:17:01.144
as something that has become
the exclusive value

00:17:01.144 --> 00:17:03.516
by its negative formulation of lived value.

00:17:06.815 --> 00:17:08.973
We recognize our old enemy

00:17:08.994 --> 00:17:13.925
that knows well to appear at first glance
as something trivial and self-evident.

00:17:16.012 --> 00:17:19.401
When it is, on the contrary, so complex

00:17:19.467 --> 00:17:22.709
and at the same time,
full of metaphysical subtleties,

00:17:22.728 --> 00:17:23.680
the commodity.

00:17:28.506 --> 00:17:31.297
This is the principle
of commodity fetishism,

00:17:31.749 --> 00:17:35.646
the domination of society by intangible
as well as tangible things,

00:17:36.316 --> 00:17:38.961
which is achieved absolutely in a spectacle,

00:17:40.029 --> 00:17:44.716
where the perceptible world finds itself
replaced by a selection of images,

00:17:44.921 --> 00:17:46.525
which exists above it,

00:17:46.913 --> 00:17:48.659
and which at the same time,

00:17:48.760 --> 00:17:52.210
becomes recognized
as the epitome of the perceptible.

00:17:54.262 --> 00:17:56.575
The world at once present and absent,

00:17:56.641 --> 00:17:58.313
that the spectacle makes visible

00:17:58.328 --> 00:18:01.382
is the world of the commodity
dominating all that is living.

00:18:04.233 --> 00:18:07.234
The world as a commodity
is thus shown for what it is

00:18:07.542 --> 00:18:11.989
because its movement is identical
to the estrangement of man from one another

00:18:12.026 --> 00:18:13.420
and the global product.

00:18:17.337 --> 00:18:19.904
The commodity\'s dominion over the economy

00:18:19.904 --> 00:18:23.020
is exerted in an occult manner
over the economy.

00:18:23.507 --> 00:18:24.646
That is itself,

00:18:24.683 --> 00:18:26.786
the material basis of social life

00:18:26.800 --> 00:18:29.600
that remains unrecognized
and misunderstood

00:18:30.436 --> 00:18:32.946
like the familiar
that also remains unknown.

00:18:34.050 --> 00:18:37.926
In societies where actual commodities
remain rare and in minority,

00:18:38.106 --> 00:18:40.318
it is the apparent domination of money

00:18:40.318 --> 00:18:43.554
that presents itself
as the emissary of full power,

00:18:45.780 --> 00:18:48.166
who speaks in the name of an unknown power.

00:18:49.036 --> 00:18:50.563
With the Industrial Revolution,

00:18:50.819 --> 00:18:55.186
the manufacturer division of labor
and mass production of a global market,

00:18:57.460 --> 00:19:02.342
the commodity finally becomes visible
as a power that occupies all social life.

00:19:03.831 --> 00:19:09.339
It is at this point that political economy
establishes itself as the dominant science

00:19:09.575 --> 00:19:11.403
and as the science of domination.

00:19:15.165 --> 00:19:17.539
The spectacle is a permanent Opium War

00:19:17.549 --> 00:19:20.822
designed to force people
to equate goods with commodities

00:19:22.600 --> 00:19:25.153
and to equate satisfaction
with the survival

00:19:25.153 --> 00:19:27.617
that expands according to its own laws.

00:19:28.353 --> 00:19:31.782
If consumable survival
must constantly expand,

00:19:33.361 --> 00:19:36.624
it is because it never ceases
to contain privation.

00:19:37.339 --> 00:19:39.899
If there\'s nothing
beyond augmented survival,

00:19:40.834 --> 00:19:42.935
no point where it ceases to grow,

00:19:44.700 --> 00:19:47.763
it is because it is not itself
beyond provision

00:19:48.760 --> 00:19:50.535
but rather enriched by it.

00:19:54.657 --> 00:19:58.151
Exchange value could arise only
as an agent of used-value,

00:19:59.415 --> 00:20:01.271
but the victory of its own weapons

00:20:01.285 --> 00:20:04.958
has created the conditions
of its own autonomous domination,

00:20:05.520 --> 00:20:10.144
by mobilizing all human use
and seizing monopoly of its satisfaction,

00:20:11.321 --> 00:20:13.591
it ends up directing its practice.

00:20:13.768 --> 00:20:15.339
The process of exchange,

00:20:15.370 --> 00:20:17.744
identified by all possible practice

00:20:18.346 --> 00:20:20.466
and reduces it to its own mercy.

00:20:20.549 --> 00:20:26.231
Exchange value is a mercenary of use-value
that ends up waging the war for its own sake.

00:20:30.283 --> 00:20:34.311
Use value which was implicitly comprised
by exchange value

00:20:35.040 --> 00:20:37.043
should now be explicitly proclaimed

00:20:37.060 --> 00:20:39.556
within the inverted reality
of the spectacle.

00:20:40.626 --> 00:20:43.144
Precisely because its actual reality

00:20:43.382 --> 00:20:46.968
has been eroded
by the overdeveloped commodity economy.

00:20:48.511 --> 00:20:52.000
because it serves
as a necessary pseudo justification

00:20:52.118 --> 00:20:53.610
for a counterfeit life.

00:21:03.643 --> 00:21:08.024
The concentrated result of social labor
at the moment of economic abundance

00:21:08.377 --> 00:21:09.509
becomes visible.

00:21:10.791 --> 00:21:14.659
Subjecting all reality to the appearances
that are now its product.

00:21:18.227 --> 00:21:22.509
Capital is no longer at the invisible center
of the governing mode of production,

00:21:22.939 --> 00:21:26.400
its accumulation extends
up to the peripheries of the earth

00:21:26.467 --> 00:21:28.453
in the form of perceptible objects.

00:21:29.813 --> 00:21:32.960
The entire expanse of society
is its portrait.

00:21:39.680 --> 00:21:43.737
The spectacle, like modern society,
is that once united and divided.

00:21:44.979 --> 00:21:48.113
Like the unity of each
is built on violent divisions,

00:21:49.271 --> 00:21:51.855
but when this contradiction emerges
in the spectacle,

00:21:52.982 --> 00:21:56.074
it is itself contradicted
by a reversal of its meaning

00:21:56.638 --> 00:22:00.140
in a way that the division
it demonstrates is unitary.

00:22:01.172 --> 00:22:03.306
While the unity it presents is divided.

00:22:08.415 --> 00:22:11.130
Although the struggles
between powers for control

00:22:11.130 --> 00:22:13.333
of the same socio-economic system

00:22:13.330 --> 00:22:15.582
are deployed as official contradictions,

00:22:18.575 --> 00:22:22.787
they actually reflect real unity
on a global scale,

00:22:23.095 --> 00:22:24.888
as well as within each nation.

00:22:30.483 --> 00:22:32.605
The struggle of the fall spectacular

00:22:32.605 --> 00:22:36.255
between rival forms
of separate powers are also real.

00:22:37.330 --> 00:22:41.493
In that, they translate the development
of the system of unequal and of conflict.

00:22:43.166 --> 00:22:45.961
The relatively contradictory interests
of the classes,

00:22:46.598 --> 00:22:48.393
or subdivisions of classes

00:22:48.500 --> 00:22:49.916
that recognize the system

00:22:49.916 --> 00:22:52.542
and define their own participation
of their power.

00:22:55.662 --> 00:22:58.928
These diverse oppositions
can present themselves in the spectacle

00:22:58.920 --> 00:23:00.920
under completely different criteria

00:23:01.681 --> 00:23:04.050
as absolutely distinct forms of society,

00:23:05.754 --> 00:23:07.680
but according to their actual reality,

00:23:07.850 --> 00:23:09.518
as particular sectors.

00:23:10.186 --> 00:23:14.895
The truth of their particularity resides
in the universal system that contains them.

00:23:16.373 --> 00:23:19.939
In a unique movement that has made
the planet its terrain,

00:23:20.213 --> 00:23:21.219
capitalism.

00:23:23.240 --> 00:23:25.387
The tendency towards penalization

00:23:25.747 --> 00:23:28.426
began the sparkle
of spectacular diversions,

00:23:28.784 --> 00:23:31.128
dominates modern society globally,

00:23:32.142 --> 00:23:33.855
and also dominates every point

00:23:33.876 --> 00:23:37.410
where the more developed consumption
of commodities has multiplied,

00:23:37.680 --> 00:23:38.864
at least an appearance

00:23:39.761 --> 00:23:42.017
the roles and objects to choose from.

00:23:42.916 --> 00:23:45.347
The vestige of religion and of the family,

00:23:45.551 --> 00:23:48.761
which remains the principal form
of inheritance of class power,

00:23:50.424 --> 00:23:52.499
and therefore, of moral repression

00:23:52.596 --> 00:23:54.520
that they assure can be combined

00:23:54.629 --> 00:23:57.777
as one with redundant affirmation
of worldly pleasure.

00:24:01.081 --> 00:24:03.220
This world being produced precisely,

00:24:03.318 --> 00:24:04.833
only as pseudo pleasure,

00:24:04.845 --> 00:24:06.850
which within it preserves repression.

00:24:08.259 --> 00:24:10.363
The smug acceptance of what exists

00:24:10.373 --> 00:24:13.928
may also coexist
with purely spectacular rebelliousness.

00:24:17.702 --> 00:24:19.466
This translates to the simple fact

00:24:19.586 --> 00:24:22.281
that even dissatisfaction
becomes a commodity.

00:24:23.252 --> 00:24:25.241
As soon as the economy of abundance

00:24:25.342 --> 00:24:28.074
finds itself capable
of extending its production,

00:24:28.485 --> 00:24:31.601
to utilize
even that particular raw material.

00:24:32.526 --> 00:24:35.732
By concentrating on himself,
the image of a possible role

00:24:36.497 --> 00:24:37.314
the star,

00:24:37.438 --> 00:24:42.553
the spectacular representations
of a living man concentrates this banality.

00:24:44.311 --> 00:24:45.627
The condition of the star

00:24:45.638 --> 00:24:48.509
is the specialization
of the apparently lived.

00:24:49.852 --> 00:24:52.846
The object of identification
with the apparent life

00:24:52.932 --> 00:24:53.582
without the depth

00:24:54.883 --> 00:24:58.420
that must compensate for the fragmented
productive specializations

00:24:58.420 --> 00:24:59.702
that are actually lived.

00:25:02.085 --> 00:25:04.966
The star exists
to act out various lifestyles

00:25:04.966 --> 00:25:06.966
and the styles of understanding society.

00:25:09.219 --> 00:25:11.200
Free to be exercised globally.

00:25:12.737 --> 00:25:16.017
They embody the inaccessible result
of social labor.

00:25:16.977 --> 00:25:19.572
By mining the byproducts of this labor

00:25:19.935 --> 00:25:23.302
that is magically transferred
above it as its goals.

00:25:24.005 --> 00:25:25.535
Power invocations.

00:25:26.493 --> 00:25:28.923
The decision making and the consumption

00:25:28.923 --> 00:25:31.464
that are the beginning
and the end of the process,

00:25:31.662 --> 00:25:32.629
undisputed.

00:25:34.893 --> 00:25:38.926
Here, governmental power
is personified as a pseudo star.

00:25:39.422 --> 00:25:43.333
Here, the star of consumption
is elected by plebiscite

00:25:43.587 --> 00:25:45.401
as a pseudo power over the living,

00:25:46.707 --> 00:25:49.546
but the activities of these stars
are not really global.

00:25:51.337 --> 00:25:52.678
Neither are they varied.

00:25:57.335 --> 00:26:01.511
It\'s the unity of poverty
that hides behind spectacular opposition\'s.

00:26:03.177 --> 00:26:05.852
If diverse forms
of the same alienation struggle

00:26:05.852 --> 00:26:08.191
against each other
in the guise of total choice.

00:26:09.469 --> 00:26:12.617
It is because they\'re all constructed
upon real contradictions

00:26:12.756 --> 00:26:13.888
that are repressed.

00:26:14.994 --> 00:26:18.208
According to the necessities
of the particular stage of poverty,

00:26:18.753 --> 00:26:21.565
the spectacle exits in a concentrated form

00:26:21.669 --> 00:26:23.015
or in a diffused form.

00:26:26.653 --> 00:26:29.937
In both cases
are only images of happy unification

00:26:29.937 --> 00:26:31.937
surrounded by desolation in horror.

00:26:35.452 --> 00:26:37.351
At the tranquil center of misery.

00:26:40.615 --> 00:26:41.953
The concentrated spectacle

00:26:41.953 --> 00:26:44.716
essentially belongs
to bureaucratic capitalism.

00:26:46.591 --> 00:26:49.161
Though it can be imported
as a technique of state power

00:26:49.161 --> 00:26:51.161
over mixed backward economies

00:26:51.480 --> 00:26:54.358
when certain moments of crisis
of advanced capitalism.

00:27:00.726 --> 00:27:03.326
Bureaucratic property
is itself concentrated.

00:27:04.704 --> 00:27:08.081
In that, the individual bureaucrat
has a relationship of ownership

00:27:08.278 --> 00:27:09.615
with the global economy

00:27:10.935 --> 00:27:14.384
only through an intermediary community
of bureaucrats

00:27:14.546 --> 00:27:16.441
and as a member of this community.

00:27:17.968 --> 00:27:18.746
Besides,

00:27:18.768 --> 00:27:21.151
the production
of less-developed commodities

00:27:21.674 --> 00:27:24.196
is also represented in a concentrated form.

00:27:25.156 --> 00:27:28.980
The commodity the bureaucracy takes on
the totality of social labor.

00:27:30.139 --> 00:27:34.612
What it sells back to society
is that society is survival in mass.

00:27:34.740 --> 00:27:36.960
The dictatorship
of bureaucratic economies

00:27:36.960 --> 00:27:40.881
cannot leave the exploited masses
any notable margin of choice,

00:27:42.166 --> 00:27:44.695
since it had to make all the choices itself

00:27:44.888 --> 00:27:46.464
and any external choice.

00:27:47.370 --> 00:27:49.286
Whether it concerns dining or music.

00:27:50.062 --> 00:27:53.114
Is this already a choice
of its complete destruction.

00:27:55.408 --> 00:27:59.273
The diffuse spectacle is associated
with commodity abundance,

00:28:00.205 --> 00:28:03.241
with the undisturbed development
of modern capitalism.

00:28:06.043 --> 00:28:08.168
Here each individual commodity

00:28:08.168 --> 00:28:11.073
is justified in the name
of the Grand production

00:28:11.073 --> 00:28:12.754
of a totality of objects,

00:28:13.238 --> 00:28:16.267
of which the spectacle
is an apologetic catalogue.

00:28:17.793 --> 00:28:19.366
Irreconcilable claims

00:28:19.360 --> 00:28:22.326
pushes their way onto the stage
of a unified spectacle

00:28:22.326 --> 00:28:23.921
of the economics of abundance,

00:28:24.662 --> 00:28:26.325
like the different star commodities

00:28:26.325 --> 00:28:29.040
that simultaneously promote
contradictory projects

00:28:29.040 --> 00:28:30.368
for managing society.

00:28:32.445 --> 00:28:36.413
With a spectacle of automobiles
strives to perfect traffic circulation,

00:28:36.413 --> 00:28:38.019
which destroys old cities,

00:28:38.346 --> 00:28:41.622
while a spectacle the city itself
needs museum districts.

00:28:44.410 --> 00:28:46.429
The already problematic satisfaction

00:28:46.429 --> 00:28:48.838
reputed to be part of the consumption
of the whole

00:28:48.986 --> 00:28:50.572
is immediately falsified

00:28:51.580 --> 00:28:55.779
that the real consumer can directly,
thus, constantly being disappointed,

00:28:56.170 --> 00:28:57.754
because the actual consumer

00:28:57.754 --> 00:29:02.455
can directly access only a succession
of fragments of this happiness commodity.

00:29:02.520 --> 00:29:03.373
Fragments,

00:29:03.640 --> 00:29:08.514
every time of equality attributed
to the whole is evidently absent.

00:29:08.864 --> 00:29:11.624
Each individual commodity
fights for itself.

00:29:12.610 --> 00:29:14.539
It cannot recognize the others

00:29:14.591 --> 00:29:18.299
and claim to impose itself everywhere
as if it were the only one.

00:29:18.789 --> 00:29:21.866
The spectacle is the epic poem
of this confrontation

00:29:23.015 --> 00:29:24.972
that no fall of Troy can conclude.

00:29:26.833 --> 00:29:29.577
The spectacle does not sing of men
and their arms,

00:29:29.845 --> 00:29:31.886
but of commodities and their passions.

00:29:34.299 --> 00:29:35.502
In this blind struggle,

00:29:35.502 --> 00:29:38.426
each commodity, pursuing its own passion,

00:29:38.612 --> 00:29:42.356
unconsciously realizes,
in fact, of something higher.

00:29:43.660 --> 00:29:45.657
The world becoming the commodity,

00:29:46.360 --> 00:29:48.979
which is also the commodity
becoming the world.

00:29:50.064 --> 00:29:53.443
Thus, by means of rules of reason
and commodity,

00:29:53.965 --> 00:29:57.480
the particulars of the commodity
are used up as it battles

00:29:58.203 --> 00:30:02.194
while the commodity-form
moves towards its absolute realization.

00:30:05.168 --> 00:30:08.730
In the image of happy unification
of society through consumption,

00:30:09.081 --> 00:30:11.413
the real division is merely postponed

00:30:11.563 --> 00:30:14.502
until the next non-accomplishment
of the consumable.

00:30:17.492 --> 00:30:18.906
Each particular product,

00:30:19.095 --> 00:30:21.749
which should represent
a hope of a dramatic shortcut

00:30:21.740 --> 00:30:23.843
to the promised land of total consumption,

00:30:28.361 --> 00:30:32.723
is ceremoniously presented in its turn
as a decisive singularity,

00:30:35.250 --> 00:30:38.973
but as in the case
of instantaneous diffusion of fashions

00:30:38.973 --> 00:30:41.391
of seemingly aristocratic first names,

00:30:42.619 --> 00:30:46.026
which practically is shared
by all individuals of the same age,

00:30:47.043 --> 00:30:50.490
the object from which one obtains
a singular power

00:30:50.619 --> 00:30:53.201
can be offered for the devotion of the masses

00:30:53.318 --> 00:30:55.951
because it has been manufactured
in large numbers,

00:30:56.036 --> 00:30:58.184
for example, to be mass consumed.

00:31:00.653 --> 00:31:03.165
The prestigious character objects
of this kind,

00:31:03.333 --> 00:31:04.450
whatever it may be,

00:31:04.973 --> 00:31:08.328
comes only from it being placed
at the center of social life

00:31:09.504 --> 00:31:13.078
like a mystery revealed
as the final purpose of production is.

00:31:15.666 --> 00:31:19.144
The object that was prestigious
in the spectacle becomes vulgar

00:31:19.144 --> 00:31:21.530
the instant it enters the consumer\'s home

00:31:22.142 --> 00:31:24.960
and at the same time, homes of all others.

00:31:26.158 --> 00:31:29.629
It reveals too late it\'s essential poverty

00:31:29.852 --> 00:31:32.714
that is naturally linked
to the misery of its production,

00:31:33.135 --> 00:31:33.874
but already,

00:31:34.015 --> 00:31:37.405
there is another object that carries
the justification of the system

00:31:37.413 --> 00:31:39.234
and demands to be recognized.

00:31:44.080 --> 00:31:47.935
This fraudulent satisfaction
must expose itself through replication.

00:31:48.316 --> 00:31:50.558
Following the ongoing change of products

00:31:50.558 --> 00:31:52.446
and the general conditions of production,

00:31:55.450 --> 00:31:58.173
what is affirmed with the utmost impudence

00:31:58.320 --> 00:32:01.926
is its own definitive excellence
in transformation

00:32:02.302 --> 00:32:03.913
in the spectacle diffused

00:32:05.290 --> 00:32:07.290
but also the concentrated spectacle.

00:32:08.180 --> 00:32:10.667
It is the system alone that must continue

00:32:11.200 --> 00:32:14.140
stalling like any other outmoded commodity

00:32:14.205 --> 00:32:17.128
is denounced similarly
by those who placed him.

00:32:18.640 --> 00:32:22.928
Each new lie in advertising
is also the admission of its preceding lie.

00:32:25.203 --> 00:32:28.680
Each downfall of a figure
of totalitarian power

00:32:28.843 --> 00:32:33.027
reveals the illusory community
that had unanimously approved him

00:32:33.495 --> 00:32:38.213
in which was only an agglomeration
of solitudes without illusions.

00:32:40.045 --> 00:32:42.542
What the spectacle presents as perpetual

00:32:42.643 --> 00:32:44.126
is founded on change

00:32:44.153 --> 00:32:46.135
and must change at its base.

00:32:47.551 --> 00:32:49.833
A spectacle is totally dogmatic

00:32:50.147 --> 00:32:51.500
and at the same time,

00:32:51.542 --> 00:32:53.982
cannot really draw out solid dogma.

00:32:54.815 --> 00:32:56.288
Nothing stops for it.

00:32:56.674 --> 00:32:58.619
This is the state that is natural

00:32:58.899 --> 00:33:02.507
and at all times,
the most contrary to its inclination.

00:33:04.975 --> 00:33:08.024
The unreal unity
which the spectacle proclaims

00:33:08.036 --> 00:33:10.033
is the mask of the class divisions

00:33:10.033 --> 00:33:13.751
on which the real unity
of the capitalist mode of production rests.

00:33:15.382 --> 00:33:19.678
What obliges the producers to participate
in the construction of the world

00:33:19.678 --> 00:33:21.328
is also what rejects.

00:33:23.168 --> 00:33:27.446
What brings together man liberated
of social and national limitations

00:33:27.446 --> 00:33:29.219
is also what keeps them apart.

00:33:30.890 --> 00:33:33.405
What requires the deepening of rationality

00:33:33.405 --> 00:33:38.177
is also what nourishes the irrationality
of hierarchical exploitation

00:33:38.177 --> 00:33:39.083
and repression.

00:33:40.662 --> 00:33:44.940
What produces society\'s abstract power
makes its freedom concrete.

00:33:48.690 --> 00:34:34.648
[music]

00:34:35.400 --> 00:34:37.907
Capitalist production has unified space,

00:34:39.393 --> 00:34:42.459
which is no longer limited
by external societies.

00:34:42.794 --> 00:34:45.073
This unification is at the same time

00:34:45.073 --> 00:34:48.629
an extensive and intensive process
of penalization.

00:34:50.723 --> 00:34:53.224
Just as the accumulation of commodities

00:34:53.241 --> 00:34:57.744
mass-produced for the abstract space
of the market was all the same,

00:34:58.076 --> 00:35:00.862
to shatter all regional and legal barriers

00:35:00.968 --> 00:35:03.864
and all the corporate restrictions
of the Middle Ages,

00:35:04.040 --> 00:35:07.085
which maintain a quality
of artisanal production,

00:35:07.775 --> 00:35:11.683
it was also to dissolve the autonomy
and quality of places.

00:35:12.074 --> 00:35:14.888
This homogenizing power
is a heavy artillery

00:35:14.909 --> 00:35:17.034
that brought down all the walls of China.

00:35:23.379 --> 00:35:26.314
In order to become
ever more identical to itself,

00:35:27.163 --> 00:35:29.547
to better approach motionless monotony,

00:35:30.968 --> 00:35:33.132
gather the free space of commodities

00:35:33.770 --> 00:35:36.920
is hence constantly being modified
and reconstructed.

00:35:40.147 --> 00:35:43.330
The society
that suppresses geographical distance

00:35:43.973 --> 00:35:47.820
reattaches distance internally
a spectacular separation.

00:35:52.440 --> 00:35:55.097
Byproduct of the circulation
of commodities,

00:35:55.326 --> 00:35:58.337
the human circulation considered
as consumption,

00:35:58.817 --> 00:36:02.071
tourism is fundamentally reduced

00:36:02.097 --> 00:36:04.886
to the leisure of going
to see what has become banal.

00:36:06.083 --> 00:36:08.928
The economic management
of frequenting different places

00:36:08.946 --> 00:36:12.012
is already in itself
the guarantee of their equivalence.

00:36:14.511 --> 00:36:18.116
The same modernization
that has withdrawn travel from time

00:36:18.250 --> 00:36:21.782
has also simultaneously withdrawn
the reality of space.

00:36:39.326 --> 00:36:42.149
The society which models
its entire surroundings

00:36:42.149 --> 00:36:44.546
has constructed its own special technique

00:36:44.638 --> 00:36:49.372
for working the concrete base of set tasks
of its own same territory.

00:36:49.857 --> 00:36:54.631
Urbanism is this takeover of the natural
and human environment by capitalism,

00:36:54.766 --> 00:36:57.702
which logically develops
into absolute domination.

00:37:00.354 --> 00:37:05.156
It can and must remake the totality of space
as its own decor.

00:37:33.156 --> 00:37:36.175
If all the technical forces
of capitalist economy

00:37:36.175 --> 00:37:39.074
must be understood
as affecting separations,

00:37:40.873 --> 00:37:42.229
in the case of urbanism,

00:37:42.304 --> 00:37:45.116
we are to do
with the device of the general base

00:37:45.584 --> 00:37:48.466
or handle the land
merely suitable for their deployment

00:37:48.622 --> 00:37:50.822
with the same technique of separation.

00:37:52.565 --> 00:37:54.678
For the first time in new architecture,

00:37:54.866 --> 00:37:56.730
which in every previous epoch

00:37:56.827 --> 00:37:59.841
has been reserved for the satisfaction
of the ruling classes,

00:38:00.669 --> 00:38:03.231
finds itself directly destined for the poor.

00:38:06.594 --> 00:38:10.309
The formal poverty and gigantic expanse
of this new experience

00:38:10.401 --> 00:38:13.492
inhabitation originates
from its mass character,

00:38:13.973 --> 00:38:16.436
which is implied in both its destination

00:38:16.539 --> 00:38:18.899
and by the modern conditions
of construction.

00:38:20.968 --> 00:38:22.678
Authoritarian decision making,

00:38:23.206 --> 00:38:27.342
which abstractly reshapes territories
into territories of abstraction,

00:38:27.509 --> 00:38:31.186
is clearly at the center
of these modern conditions of construction.

00:38:32.681 --> 00:38:36.292
The threshold crossed in growth
of society\'s material power

00:38:36.615 --> 00:38:41.897
and the delay in conscious domination
of this power are displayed in urbanism.

00:39:08.740 --> 00:39:11.059
The history that threatens
this twilight world

00:39:11.080 --> 00:39:14.382
is also the force that could subject space
to live time.

00:39:17.000 --> 00:39:20.636
Proletarian revolution
is the critique of human geography

00:39:20.846 --> 00:39:24.106
through which individuals and communities
can create sites and events

00:39:24.106 --> 00:39:26.106
corresponding to the appropriation

00:39:27.168 --> 00:39:30.452
not only of their labor
but also their total history.

00:39:35.293 --> 00:39:37.231
In this ever-changing gamespace,

00:39:37.596 --> 00:39:39.993
the autonomy of a place can be found

00:39:43.361 --> 00:39:46.473
without reintroducing
an exclusive attachment to the land

00:39:46.784 --> 00:39:48.998
and thus bring reality back to travel

00:39:51.546 --> 00:39:55.772
into life understood as a journey
that holds its whole meaning in itself.

00:39:57.234 --> 00:40:02.824
[background noise]

00:41:17.699 --> 00:41:20.038
-What\'s your pleasure?
-Whiskey.

00:41:31.130 --> 00:41:33.213
Javanais, Hindu, [?]

00:41:33.213 --> 00:41:36.314
Chinese, Portuguese,
Filipinos, Russians, Malayan,

00:41:37.125 --> 00:41:38.318
[?]

00:41:39.346 --> 00:41:41.998
[?] coming in here,
I\'d sit in here plenty.

00:41:42.575 --> 00:41:45.240
The other place is like kindergartens
compared with this.

00:41:46.401 --> 00:41:48.274
Those were incredibly evil.

00:41:50.306 --> 00:41:53.546
I didn\'t think such a place existed
except in my own imagination.

00:41:54.735 --> 00:41:58.271
That gives me a familiarity
like a half remembered dream.

00:41:59.692 --> 00:42:03.132
Anything could happen here any moment.

00:42:06.059 --> 00:42:07.424
The time of production,

00:42:07.667 --> 00:42:08.986
the commodity-time,

00:42:09.187 --> 00:42:12.326
is an infinite accumulation
of equivalent intervals.

00:42:13.052 --> 00:42:15.683
It is the abstraction of irreversible time

00:42:15.895 --> 00:42:19.360
in which all segments
must prove on the chronometer

00:42:19.391 --> 00:42:21.674
nearly of their quantitative equality.

00:42:24.596 --> 00:42:30.358
Time is, in its entire effective reality
reliant on its exchangeable character.

00:42:35.057 --> 00:42:37.313
The general time of human non-development

00:42:37.321 --> 00:42:41.713
also exists in a complementary aspect
of consumable time

00:42:41.928 --> 00:42:44.384
which restores daily life of society,

00:42:45.033 --> 00:42:48.601
from this determined production
like a pseudo-cyclical time.

00:42:51.278 --> 00:42:52.671
Pseudo-cyclical time

00:42:52.678 --> 00:42:55.596
is itself the consumption
of modern economic survival,

00:42:56.229 --> 00:42:57.335
augmented survival,

00:42:57.335 --> 00:43:00.826
where everyday experience
remains deprived of decision making

00:43:01.106 --> 00:43:04.297
and undersubmission
no longer to the natural order,

00:43:04.453 --> 00:43:07.834
but to the pseudo-nature developed
in alienated labor,

00:43:08.361 --> 00:43:11.429
and therefore time rediscovers naturally,

00:43:11.652 --> 00:43:15.961
the old cyclical rhythm
that governs pre-industrial societies.

00:43:17.841 --> 00:43:22.076
Pseudo-cyclical time grows out
of the natural vestiges of cyclical time

00:43:22.780 --> 00:43:26.267
and from it,
composes new homologous combinations,

00:43:27.866 --> 00:43:28.681
day and night,

00:43:29.987 --> 00:43:31.408
work week and weekend,

00:43:31.775 --> 00:43:34.104
the recurrence of periodic vacations.

00:43:35.805 --> 00:43:39.253
Consumable pseudo-cyclical time
is spectacular time,

00:43:39.822 --> 00:43:42.076
both in the time of the consumption of images,

00:43:42.113 --> 00:43:43.372
in a narrow sense,

00:43:43.634 --> 00:43:47.281
and as the image of time consumption
in its extended sense.

00:43:49.121 --> 00:43:51.088
The time spent consuming images,

00:43:51.499 --> 00:43:55.041
the medium of all commodities
is an inextricable domain

00:43:55.041 --> 00:43:58.373
in which the instruments
of the spectacle are fully exercised

00:43:58.737 --> 00:44:01.502
in the purpose of the latter
presents it self globally,

00:44:02.657 --> 00:44:05.893
as the cycle and central figure
of all private consumption.

00:44:08.067 --> 00:44:11.173
The social image
of the consumption of time for its part

00:44:11.335 --> 00:44:15.125
is exclusively dominated by moments
of leisure and vacations,

00:44:15.307 --> 00:44:17.273
moments represented at a distance

00:44:17.332 --> 00:44:19.297
and as desirable by definition

00:44:19.473 --> 00:44:21.401
like all spectacular commodities.

00:44:24.758 --> 00:44:26.593
These commodities here

00:44:26.906 --> 00:44:29.815
are explicitly presented
as moments of real life,

00:44:30.212 --> 00:44:33.034
therefore, waiting for any cyclical return,

00:44:34.139 --> 00:44:36.316
but in these very moments assigned to life,

00:44:36.480 --> 00:44:40.535
it is again the spectacle that presents
itself to be seen and reproduced

00:44:40.848 --> 00:44:43.064
as it attains increasing intensity.

00:44:43.763 --> 00:44:45.653
What was represented as true life

00:44:45.841 --> 00:44:50.017
reveals itself to be merely
and more truly spectacular life.

00:44:52.450 --> 00:44:55.521
While the consumption
of cyclical time in ancient societies

00:44:55.521 --> 00:44:58.659
was in accord with the real labor
of these societies,

00:45:00.452 --> 00:45:03.316
the pseudo-cyclical consumption
of developed economies

00:45:03.387 --> 00:45:06.824
finds itself in contradiction
with the irreversible abstract time

00:45:06.824 --> 00:45:07.780
of its production.

00:45:10.921 --> 00:45:16.500
Cyclical time was the time
of immobile illusions lived as reality.

00:45:16.586 --> 00:45:20.481
Spectacular time is the time of reality
that transforms itself,

00:45:21.817 --> 00:45:23.394
lived as illusion.

00:45:24.203 --> 00:45:27.146
What is always new in the process
of the production of things

00:45:27.387 --> 00:45:29.413
has not found itself in consumption,

00:45:29.605 --> 00:45:32.377
which remains the extended repetition
of the same

00:45:34.031 --> 00:45:37.368
because dead labor
continues to dominate living labor.

00:45:38.686 --> 00:45:40.066
In spectacular time,

00:45:40.066 --> 00:45:42.066
the past dominates the present.

00:45:44.947 --> 00:45:48.391
As the other side of the deficiency
of general historical life,

00:45:48.977 --> 00:45:51.059
the individual life has no history.

00:45:53.766 --> 00:45:57.320
The pseudo-events that crowd
into spectacular dramatizations

00:45:57.427 --> 00:46:00.467
have not been lived by those
who are informed about them

00:46:01.693 --> 00:46:02.453
and what\'s more,

00:46:02.605 --> 00:46:06.354
they lose themselves in the inflation
of the precipitative replacement,

00:46:06.864 --> 00:46:09.966
with each pulsation
of the spectacular machinery.

00:46:12.561 --> 00:46:13.184
Furthermore,

00:46:13.208 --> 00:46:14.154
what was already lived

00:46:14.154 --> 00:46:17.620
has no relation to the irreversible
official time of society,

00:46:19.236 --> 00:46:20.994
and is in direct opposition

00:46:20.994 --> 00:46:25.486
to the rhythm of consumable
pseudo-cyclical byproducts of this time.

00:46:26.831 --> 00:46:29.933
This individual experience
of disconnected daily life

00:46:30.102 --> 00:46:31.707
remains without language,

00:46:31.800 --> 00:46:32.874
without concept,

00:46:33.017 --> 00:46:35.761
and without critical access to its own past,

00:46:36.431 --> 00:46:37.537
which is not recorded.

00:46:38.457 --> 00:46:39.791
It does not communicate.

00:46:40.853 --> 00:46:43.001
It is misunderstood and forgotten

00:46:43.071 --> 00:46:46.758
to the benefit of false spectacular memory
of the unmemorable.

00:46:49.683 --> 00:46:52.495
That\'s the way it goes.
Lose one, find one.

00:46:54.156 --> 00:46:56.179
Play something for me, Mr. Guitar.

00:46:57.118 --> 00:46:58.236
Anything special?

00:47:00.109 --> 00:47:02.166
Just put a lot of love in it.

00:47:02.954 --> 00:47:06.615
He ain\'t going to play so good
all stretched out on that crap table.

00:47:07.026 --> 00:47:08.754
What\'s eating the fancy man?

00:47:09.286 --> 00:47:11.060
I don\'t know.
What\'s your trouble?

00:47:11.086 --> 00:47:12.608
I\'m in no trouble, he is.

00:47:14.700 --> 00:47:17.888
Fooling with strange woman
can bring a man a lot of grief.

00:47:19.690 --> 00:47:22.942
-You a strange woman?
-Only to strangers.

00:47:23.027 --> 00:47:24.394
What\'s going on with you two?

00:47:25.335 --> 00:47:26.669
Just what you see friend.

00:47:28.114 --> 00:47:30.812
Oh, you picked the wrong place
to come to, mister.

00:47:30.909 --> 00:47:32.886
The lady sent for me, not you.

00:47:35.490 --> 00:47:39.231
Heads, I kill you, mister,
tails, you can play her a tune.

00:47:47.657 --> 00:47:48.857
Play me a tune.

00:47:48.878 --> 00:48:10.318
[music]

00:48:12.156 --> 00:48:13.353
Play something else.

00:48:15.193 --> 00:48:16.200
The spectacle,

00:48:16.299 --> 00:48:20.833
as the present social organization
of the paralysis of history and memory,

00:48:22.690 --> 00:48:24.300
of the abandonment of history

00:48:24.316 --> 00:48:26.441
that stands in the base of historical time

00:48:27.514 --> 00:48:29.650
is the false consciousness of time.

00:48:30.786 --> 00:48:33.638
Under the apparent fashions
that invalidate each other

00:48:33.845 --> 00:48:35.213
and recompose themselves

00:48:35.213 --> 00:48:38.674
on the trivial surface
of contemplated pseudo-cyclical time,

00:48:38.874 --> 00:48:40.526
the grand style of the epoch

00:48:40.697 --> 00:48:45.344
is always in what is guided by the obvious
and secret necessity of revolution.

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:57.000
Midnight was approaching

00:49:04.000 --> 00:49:08.000
and since I cannot prove a lover

00:49:08.000 --> 00:49:12.100
to entertain
these fair well-spoken days.

00:49:12.100 --> 00:49:15.027
I am determined to prove a villain

00:49:15.020 --> 00:49:20.600
and hate the idle pleasures
of these days.

00:49:21.921 --> 00:49:26.012
This is my very best friend, Omar.

00:49:28.431 --> 00:49:32.473
You, are you an Egyptian [?]?

00:49:32.615 --> 00:49:33.657
No, I\'m a doctor.

00:49:33.834 --> 00:49:38.657
Dr. Omar of Shanghai and Gomorrah.

00:49:38.984 --> 00:49:41.297
Any relation to the poet Omar?

00:49:42.066 --> 00:49:44.798
A book of verses underneath the bell.

00:49:53.026 --> 00:49:56.003
A loaf of bread, a jug of wine

00:49:56.657 --> 00:49:58.965
and Thou Beside me
singing in the Wilderness.

00:50:02.393 --> 00:50:04.253
You said Dr. Omar.

00:50:05.069 --> 00:50:06.431
Doctor of what?

00:50:06.819 --> 00:50:08.455
Doctor of nothing, Ms. Smith.

00:50:09.050 --> 00:50:11.446
It sounds important and hurts no one,

00:50:11.897 --> 00:50:13.304
unlike most doctors.

00:50:13.495 --> 00:50:18.120
[music]

00:50:31.081 --> 00:50:33.951
Your burnous, is it as weird as your title?

00:50:35.311 --> 00:50:36.619
Where were you born?

00:50:39.445 --> 00:50:43.626
My birth took place under a full moon
on the sands near Damascus.

00:50:44.951 --> 00:50:48.267
My father was an Armenian tobacco dealer
and was far away.

00:50:48.499 --> 00:50:49.525
My mother?

00:50:50.803 --> 00:50:52.260
The less said about her, the better.

00:50:53.255 --> 00:50:54.773
She was half-French

00:50:55.052 --> 00:50:57.880
and the other half is lost in the dust of time.

00:50:59.194 --> 00:51:02.288
In short, I\'m a thoroughbred mongrel.

00:51:03.619 --> 00:51:05.452
I\'m related to all the earth

00:51:06.288 --> 00:51:10.935
and nothing that\'s human is foreign to me.

00:51:13.810 --> 00:51:17.340
Then perhaps you can explain
how our friend suddenly vanished.

00:51:17.871 --> 00:51:20.191
We were alone since I first saw you.

00:51:20.285 --> 00:51:26.440
[silence]

00:51:27.092 --> 00:51:31.276
The rationale of history
is inextricably the rationale of power.

00:51:32.659 --> 00:51:35.862
Greece was the moment
when power and its changes

00:51:35.874 --> 00:51:37.375
were debated and understood.

00:51:39.742 --> 00:51:42.069
The democracy of society\'s masters.

00:51:43.217 --> 00:51:46.749
This was the inverse of conditions
known to the despotic state,

00:51:47.980 --> 00:51:50.822
where power settles its accounts
only with itself,

00:51:51.873 --> 00:51:55.680
within the inaccessible obscurity
of its most concentrated point,

00:51:56.763 --> 00:51:58.313
through palace revolutions

00:51:58.918 --> 00:52:02.205
whose success or failure
is equally beyond discussion.

00:52:42.055 --> 00:52:45.304
When the dry, unexplained chronology
of deified power

00:52:45.300 --> 00:52:46.789
spoke to its subjects,

00:52:48.605 --> 00:52:50.243
only wishing to be understood

00:52:50.260 --> 00:52:53.384
as the earthly implementation
of mythic commandments,

00:52:53.688 --> 00:52:57.339
it was able to be overcome
and become conscious history,

00:52:58.784 --> 00:53:03.429
and real participation in history
was required by sizable groups of people.

00:53:07.015 --> 00:53:09.006
Out of this practical communication

00:53:09.006 --> 00:53:11.401
between those
who have recognized each other

00:53:11.509 --> 00:53:13.772
as possessors of a singular present,

00:53:15.448 --> 00:53:18.906
who have had experienced
the qualitative richness of events

00:53:18.906 --> 00:53:21.860
in their own activities
at their place of residents,

00:53:22.212 --> 00:53:26.610
their epoch is born the general language
of historical communication.

00:53:28.073 --> 00:53:30.753
Those for whom irreversible time existed,

00:53:31.278 --> 00:53:35.700
discover in it both the memorable
and the threat of oblivion.

00:53:35.888 --> 00:53:38.222
Herodotus of Halicarnassus

00:53:38.340 --> 00:53:40.862
here presents the results of his researches

00:53:41.062 --> 00:53:43.775
so that time will not abolish the acts of men.

00:53:47.360 --> 00:53:54.815
[trumpets blow]

00:53:54.815 --> 00:53:56.553
[horse gallop]

00:53:59.363 --> 00:54:01.530
-Good evening, York.
-Evening, sir.

00:54:01.537 --> 00:54:03.497
How about a cup of coffee?

00:54:04.462 --> 00:54:06.624
Be prepared to remain all winter,

00:54:07.914 --> 00:54:09.925
all next winter, if necessary.

00:54:11.240 --> 00:54:15.918
I\'ve waited a long time for that order,
which, of course, I didn\'t hear.

00:54:16.095 --> 00:54:17.210
Of course not.

00:54:21.450 --> 00:54:22.497
If you fail,

00:54:23.299 --> 00:54:26.012
I assure you that the members
of your court-martial

00:54:26.012 --> 00:54:28.713
will be the men who rode with us
down to Shenandoah.

00:54:29.473 --> 00:54:30.926
I\'ll hand-pick them myself.

00:54:32.368 --> 00:54:33.622
Shenandoah.

00:54:35.880 --> 00:54:39.680
I wonder what history will say
about Shenandoah.

00:54:41.880 --> 00:54:43.386
The victory of the bourgeoisie

00:54:43.386 --> 00:54:46.132
is the victory
of a profoundly historical time,

00:54:46.532 --> 00:54:50.055
because it is the time corresponding
to an economic production

00:54:50.120 --> 00:54:53.535
that transformed society permanently
from top to bottom.

00:54:55.022 --> 00:54:58.902
So as long as agrarian production
remains the principal form of labor,

00:54:59.725 --> 00:55:02.913
the cyclical time that remains
at the base of society

00:55:03.135 --> 00:55:05.462
nourishes the combined forces of tradition.

00:55:06.600 --> 00:55:08.580
Which will resist historical movement,

00:55:08.885 --> 00:55:11.864
but the irreversible time
of the bourgeois economy

00:55:11.881 --> 00:55:14.547
eradicates these vestiges
throughout the world.

00:55:16.069 --> 00:55:18.563
History, which had previously appeared

00:55:18.586 --> 00:55:22.160
as only the movement of the individuals
from the dominant class,

00:55:22.382 --> 00:55:25.212
and thus written as a chronology of events,

00:55:25.450 --> 00:55:28.137
is now comprehended as a general movement.

00:55:30.031 --> 00:55:34.080
In this critical movement,
individuals are sacrificed.

00:55:35.401 --> 00:55:36.153
History,

00:55:36.274 --> 00:55:38.791
discovering its base in political economy,

00:55:38.888 --> 00:55:42.417
is now aware of the existence
of what had been unconscious.

00:55:43.104 --> 00:55:46.076
But this remains nonetheless unconscious,

00:55:46.276 --> 00:55:48.006
unable to see the light of day.

00:55:48.673 --> 00:55:50.937
It is only this blind prehistory,

00:55:51.627 --> 00:55:53.761
this new fate that no one controls,

00:55:53.852 --> 00:55:56.862
that the commodity economy
has democratized.

00:56:02.485 --> 00:56:05.086
Thus, the bourgeoisie has made known

00:56:05.080 --> 00:56:08.831
and imposed upon society
an irreversible historical time,

00:56:09.483 --> 00:56:11.633
yet refuses society its use.

00:56:12.337 --> 00:56:15.055
History was, but it is no more,

00:56:15.361 --> 00:56:17.866
because the class of owners of the economy,

00:56:18.453 --> 00:56:20.711
which cannot break with economic history,

00:56:20.873 --> 00:56:25.333
must repress every immediate threat
of any irreversible use of time.

00:56:28.354 --> 00:56:32.000
The ruling class made of specialists
in the possession of things,

00:56:32.066 --> 00:56:34.137
who are themselves possessed by things,

00:56:36.363 --> 00:56:40.090
must link their fate with the maintenance
of this reified history.

00:56:40.958 --> 00:56:45.006
That is to the permanence
of a new immobility within history.

00:56:46.507 --> 00:56:49.593
For the first time,
a worker at the base of society

00:56:49.590 --> 00:56:52.947
is not estranged from history
in a material sense.

00:56:53.507 --> 00:56:54.205
For now,

00:56:54.286 --> 00:56:58.184
it is by means of this base
that society moves irreversibly.

00:56:58.753 --> 00:57:02.245
Within the demand to live
the historical time that it makes,

00:57:03.123 --> 00:57:06.873
the proletariat finds the simple,
unforgettable center

00:57:06.886 --> 00:57:08.613
of its revolutionary project,

00:57:09.120 --> 00:57:14.113
and each of its attempts defeated until now
to carry out this project,

00:57:14.415 --> 00:57:18.547
marks a possible point of departure
for a new historical life.

00:57:24.777 --> 00:57:26.646
With the development of Capitalism,

00:57:26.979 --> 00:57:29.709
irreversible time
has become globally unified.

00:57:30.942 --> 00:57:33.222
Universal history becomes a reality

00:57:33.281 --> 00:57:36.800
as the entire world is reassembled
for the development of this time.

00:57:38.526 --> 00:57:41.438
But this history that is everywhere
is the same

00:57:41.591 --> 00:57:45.006
and is yet only
the intra-historical refusal of history.

00:57:46.749 --> 00:57:51.144
The time of economic production
cut into equal abstract fragments

00:57:52.012 --> 00:57:54.779
manifest itself across the entire planet

00:57:54.914 --> 00:57:56.053
as the same day.

00:57:56.363 --> 00:58:00.516
This unified irreversible time
is the time of the global market;

00:58:00.836 --> 00:58:02.913
a result of global spectacle.

00:58:06.111 --> 00:58:10.464
The irreversible time of production
is, first of all, the measure of commodities;

00:58:11.076 --> 00:58:12.252
and thus, the time.

00:58:12.533 --> 00:58:16.102
Which is officially recognized
across the entire expense of the world

00:58:16.290 --> 00:58:17.979
as the general time of society.

00:58:19.645 --> 00:58:21.996
Signifying only the specialized interest

00:58:22.071 --> 00:58:23.206
that constituted

00:58:23.582 --> 00:58:25.598
is merely one particular time.

00:58:32.370 --> 00:58:35.499
The class struggles
of the long revolutionary era,

00:58:35.600 --> 00:58:38.081
initiated by the raise of the bourgeoisie,

00:58:38.233 --> 00:58:40.935
inseparably developed
from historical thought;

00:58:41.344 --> 00:58:42.485
the dialectical.

00:58:44.386 --> 00:58:45.020
The thought,

00:58:45.224 --> 00:58:48.520
which no longer stops
to investigate meaning of what it is,

00:58:48.702 --> 00:58:52.333
but rises to the knowledge
of dissolution of all that is

00:58:53.624 --> 00:58:56.240
and in a movement
that dissolves all separation.

00:59:00.568 --> 00:59:03.281
This historical thought
is still a consciousness

00:59:03.297 --> 00:59:05.066
that always arrives too late

00:59:05.725 --> 00:59:08.810
and declares its justification
after the fact.

00:59:08.980 --> 00:59:12.480
Thus, it has surpassed separation
only in thought,

00:59:12.594 --> 00:59:16.558
the paradox which consists
of suspending the meaning of all reality,

00:59:16.580 --> 00:59:18.646
in favor of historical accomplishment.

00:59:18.688 --> 00:59:21.800
Revealing this meaning at the same time

00:59:22.379 --> 00:59:25.826
by constituting itself
as historical accomplishment,

00:59:26.184 --> 00:59:27.841
stems from the simple fact

00:59:27.968 --> 00:59:32.640
that the thinkers of bourgeois revolutions
of the 17th and 18th centuries

00:59:33.029 --> 00:59:37.057
sought in philosophy a mere reconciliation
with the results.

00:59:41.864 --> 00:59:57.601
[foreign language] [singing]

01:00:24.916 --> 01:00:27.907
When the proletariat demonstrates
its very existence

01:00:28.076 --> 01:00:31.539
through actions that
this historical thought is not forgotten,

01:00:31.893 --> 01:00:35.107
it\'s refutation
of that thought\'s conclusions

01:00:35.290 --> 01:00:37.514
is also the confirmation of its method.

01:00:41.220 --> 01:00:42.899
The flaw of Marxist theory

01:00:42.899 --> 01:00:45.664
is naturally a flaw
in the revolutionary struggle

01:00:45.686 --> 01:00:47.518
of the proletariat of his time.

01:00:48.706 --> 01:00:53.184
The working class did not proclaim
permanent revolution in Germany in 1848

01:00:55.130 --> 01:00:57.641
and a commune was defeated in isolation.

01:00:58.495 --> 01:01:02.855
Revolutionary theory could not yet achieve
its own total existence.

01:01:06.657 --> 01:01:09.853
All the theoretical inadequacies
of the scientific defense

01:01:09.853 --> 01:01:11.464
of proletarian revolution,

01:01:12.513 --> 01:01:15.921
both in its content
and its form of exposition,

01:01:16.257 --> 01:01:21.332
can be traced back to the identification
of the proletariat with the bourgeoisie,

01:01:21.405 --> 01:01:24.749
from the point of view
of the revolutionary seizure of power.

01:01:25.250 --> 01:01:26.332
Colonel [?].

01:01:26.838 --> 01:01:28.088
From Jordan?

01:01:28.476 --> 01:01:29.723
Yes, read it.

01:01:32.067 --> 01:01:32.720
What?

01:01:32.779 --> 01:01:34.600
[bomber planes roar]

01:01:43.053 --> 01:01:44.186
Too late, [?].

01:01:45.107 --> 01:01:46.363
That means we\'re done for.

01:01:47.264 --> 01:01:48.434
This time, we failed.

01:01:50.017 --> 01:01:50.873
Too bad.

01:01:51.827 --> 01:01:54.993
Yes, too bad.

01:01:56.302 --> 01:02:00.067
The only two classes
that actually correspond to Marxist theory,

01:02:00.222 --> 01:02:01.723
the two pure classes

01:02:01.740 --> 01:02:04.700
that the entire analysis of capital
brings to the fore,

01:02:05.229 --> 01:02:07.276
the bourgeoisie and the proletariat,

01:02:07.507 --> 01:02:10.796
are also the only two revolutionary classes
in history

01:02:11.071 --> 01:02:12.613
but under different conditions.

01:02:13.419 --> 01:02:15.408
The bourgeois revolution is over.

01:02:16.142 --> 01:02:17.518
The proletarian revolution

01:02:17.518 --> 01:02:21.556
is a project born on the basis
of the proceeding revolutions,

01:02:21.840 --> 01:02:24.005
but differing from it qualitatively

01:02:24.716 --> 01:02:28.801
by neglecting the originality
of the historical role of the bourgeoisie.

01:02:29.012 --> 01:02:33.415
One masks the concrete originality
of the proletarian project,

01:02:33.916 --> 01:02:37.226
which achieves nothing
unless it carries its own colors

01:02:37.714 --> 01:02:40.610
and by recognizing
the immensity of its tasks.

01:02:41.664 --> 01:02:43.240
Bourgeoisie came to power

01:02:43.240 --> 01:02:45.846
because it was the class
of the developing economy.

01:02:47.704 --> 01:02:50.551
The proletariat
can only become a power itself

01:02:50.551 --> 01:02:52.683
by becoming the class of consciousness.

01:02:54.700 --> 01:02:58.142
The growth of productive forces
cannot guarantee such power itself,

01:02:59.328 --> 01:03:02.688
even by means
of increased dispossession that it brings.

01:03:04.128 --> 01:03:07.521
The Jacobin seizure of the state
cannot be its instrument.

01:03:08.300 --> 01:03:13.554
No ideology can help the proletariat
disguise its partial goals as general goals,

01:03:14.735 --> 01:03:18.980
as it cannot preserve any partial reality
that is truly its own.

01:03:22.850 --> 01:03:25.471
This ideologically-alienated theory

01:03:25.486 --> 01:03:28.579
can no longer recognize
the practical verifications

01:03:28.591 --> 01:03:31.933
of the historically-unified thought
they had betrayed

01:03:32.100 --> 01:03:36.440
when such verifications emerged
in spontaneous working class struggles.

01:03:37.074 --> 01:03:40.605
It can only conspire
to repress every appearance in memory.

01:03:42.913 --> 01:03:46.165
Yet, these historical forms
that had emerged in the struggle

01:03:46.323 --> 01:03:49.537
were precisely the practical terrain
that had been missing

01:03:49.537 --> 01:03:51.062
in order for it to be true.

01:03:52.773 --> 01:03:54.551
They are required in theory,

01:03:54.806 --> 01:03:57.751
yet that need had not been
formulated theoretically.

01:03:58.318 --> 01:04:00.996
The Soviet, for example, was not a theory,

01:04:01.297 --> 01:04:04.081
and already the height of theoretical truth

01:04:04.184 --> 01:04:06.794
of the International
Workingmen\'s Association

01:04:06.923 --> 01:04:09.786
was its existence in its own practice.

01:04:15.125 --> 01:05:00.798
[music]

01:05:04.053 --> 01:05:05.521
The same historical moment

01:05:05.652 --> 01:05:08.413
when Bolshevism
triumphed for itself in Russia,

01:05:08.655 --> 01:05:12.205
and when social democracy
fought victoriously for the Old World,

01:05:14.843 --> 01:05:17.883
marks a definite inauguration
of the state of affairs

01:05:17.883 --> 01:05:20.648
at the heart
of the modern spectacles domination.

01:05:21.972 --> 01:05:25.857
Worker representation came
as radical opposition to the class.

01:05:54.434 --> 01:05:58.318
The era of Stalin reveals
the ultimate reality of bureaucracy,

01:05:58.845 --> 01:06:01.382
the continuation of the power of economy,

01:06:01.803 --> 01:06:04.800
the salvaging of the essence
of commodity society;

01:06:05.200 --> 01:06:07.466
that is labor as commodity.

01:06:09.643 --> 01:06:11.810
This is the proof of independent economy,

01:06:11.833 --> 01:06:13.210
which dominates society

01:06:13.210 --> 01:06:16.683
to the point of recreating
its own respective class domination

01:06:16.721 --> 01:06:17.930
necessary to it.

01:06:20.238 --> 01:06:23.514
That is the bourgeoisie
had created an autonomous power

01:06:23.514 --> 01:06:25.514
that is capable of maintaining itself

01:06:25.634 --> 01:06:27.393
even without the bourgeoisie.

01:06:31.932 --> 01:06:36.746
Totalitarian bureaucracy is not
the last property-owning class in history,

01:06:37.151 --> 01:06:38.779
in Bruno Rizzi\'s sense,

01:06:39.299 --> 01:06:43.015
but only a substitute ruling class
for the commodity economy.

01:06:45.466 --> 01:06:46.853
Failing Capitalist ownership

01:06:46.853 --> 01:06:50.700
is replaced by simplified,
less-diversified by-products

01:06:51.845 --> 01:06:55.165
concentrated in a collective ownership
of the bureaucratic class.

01:06:57.747 --> 01:06:59.772
This underdeveloped form of ruling class

01:06:59.772 --> 01:07:02.994
is also the reflection
of economic under-development.

01:07:04.526 --> 01:07:07.302
It\'s only perspective
is delayed development

01:07:07.302 --> 01:07:08.966
in certain regions of the world.

01:07:11.012 --> 01:07:12.267
It is the workers\' party,

01:07:12.893 --> 01:07:16.033
organized according
to the bourgeois model of separation,

01:07:16.041 --> 01:07:19.215
which furnishes
the hierarchical status cadre

01:07:19.215 --> 01:07:21.963
for the supplementary edition
of the ruling class.

01:07:27.566 --> 01:07:32.979
The ruling ideological, totalitarian class
is the power of the world turned upside down.

01:07:33.480 --> 01:07:36.466
The stronger it is,
the more it claims not to exist

01:07:36.980 --> 01:07:40.977
and its power serves foremost
to assert its non-existence.

01:07:41.513 --> 01:07:43.813
It is modest only on this one point,

01:07:44.344 --> 01:07:46.135
for it\'s official non-existence

01:07:46.135 --> 01:07:49.641
must coincide with the crowning
achievements of historical development

01:07:49.716 --> 01:07:53.201
that\'s simultaneously due
to its infallible leadership.

01:07:56.622 --> 01:07:58.076
Sprawling out everywhere,

01:07:58.295 --> 01:08:01.836
bureaucracy must be a class
kept invisible from consciousness

01:08:02.005 --> 01:08:04.471
so that all social life becomes deranged.

01:08:07.114 --> 01:08:09.516
The social organization
of absolute falsehood

01:08:09.516 --> 01:08:12.005
stems from this fundamental contradiction.

01:08:30.146 --> 01:08:34.080
Stalinism was the reign of terror
within the bureaucratic class itself.

01:08:35.259 --> 01:08:38.193
Terrorism,
the foundation of this class\'s power,

01:08:38.219 --> 01:08:40.226
must also strike this class itself,

01:08:40.831 --> 01:08:43.377
since it has no judicial legitimacy,

01:08:44.029 --> 01:08:46.041
no legally-recognized status

01:08:46.071 --> 01:08:49.627
as the class of ownership
that could extend to each of its members.

01:08:51.283 --> 01:08:53.224
Its real ownership is posed

01:08:53.490 --> 01:08:56.845
and came to ownership
only by means of false consciousness.

01:08:59.419 --> 01:09:02.568
This false consciousness
maintains its absolute power

01:09:03.333 --> 01:09:05.248
only with an absolute terror,

01:09:05.570 --> 01:09:08.542
where all real motivation
is ultimately lost.

01:09:09.700 --> 01:09:12.001
The members
of the bureaucratic class in power

01:09:12.001 --> 01:09:14.233
have the right of ownership over society,

01:09:16.325 --> 01:09:17.455
but collectively,

01:09:17.570 --> 01:09:19.822
as participants in a fundamental lie,

01:09:20.349 --> 01:09:22.864
they must play the role
of the proletariat governing

01:09:22.866 --> 01:09:24.144
in a Socialist society.

01:09:25.770 --> 01:09:26.740
They must be actors,

01:09:26.740 --> 01:09:29.940
faithful to a script
of ideological infidelity.

01:09:31.074 --> 01:09:34.525
Yet, effective participation
of this deceptive entity

01:09:34.520 --> 01:09:37.876
requires participation
that is recognized as real.

01:09:40.332 --> 01:09:43.699
No bureaucrat can individually maintain
his right to power.

01:09:44.840 --> 01:09:47.937
because to prove himself
he\'s a Socialist proletarian

01:09:48.234 --> 01:09:50.893
would reveal himself
as the opposite of a bureaucrat,

01:09:51.245 --> 01:09:53.815
and to prove he is a bureaucrat is impossible

01:09:54.076 --> 01:09:57.692
since bureaucracy\'s official truth
is that it does not exist.

01:09:59.165 --> 01:10:00.069
In this way,

01:10:00.316 --> 01:10:05.076
each bureaucrat is absolutely dependent
on essential ideological guarantee,

01:10:05.182 --> 01:10:07.840
which recognizes
collective participation

01:10:07.913 --> 01:10:09.373
in its Socialist power

01:10:09.681 --> 01:10:12.377
by all bureaucrats it does not annihilate.

01:10:15.292 --> 01:10:18.106
If the bureaucrats
collectively make all decisions,

01:10:19.069 --> 01:10:21.900
the cohesion of their own class
can be assured

01:10:22.006 --> 01:10:26.273
only by the concentration
of the terrorist power in a single person.

01:10:28.081 --> 01:10:31.876
In this person resides
the only practical truth of the lie of power.

01:10:33.182 --> 01:10:36.989
The indisputable mending
of its constantly-amended boundary.

01:10:38.535 --> 01:10:42.773
Stalin decides, without possible appeal,
who is finally a bureaucratic member;

01:10:43.253 --> 01:10:44.194
and thereby,

01:10:44.427 --> 01:10:46.714
who is to be proletarian in power

01:10:46.925 --> 01:10:51.436
or a traitor in the pay of the like
of the mercado in Wall Street.

01:10:51.608 --> 01:10:54.323
Bureaucratic atoms
find collective legitimacy

01:10:54.323 --> 01:10:55.650
in the person of Stalin.

01:10:56.340 --> 01:10:58.323
Stalin is the lord of the world

01:10:58.375 --> 01:11:00.539
who realizes himself in this way

01:11:00.603 --> 01:11:01.918
to be the absolute person

01:11:04.140 --> 01:11:07.474
for whom no superior consciousness
and spirit exist.

01:11:08.739 --> 01:11:13.166
The lord of the world possesses
the effective consciousness of what he is;

01:11:13.480 --> 01:11:15.547
the effective universal power.

01:11:17.883 --> 01:11:19.236
In a destructive violence

01:11:19.236 --> 01:11:23.798
that he exercises against the self
of his subjects who form his contrast,

01:11:23.798 --> 01:11:27.321
just as he is the power
that defines the terrain of domination,

01:11:28.791 --> 01:11:31.787
he is also the power
that ravages this terrain.

01:11:34.989 --> 01:11:58.502
[German language]

01:11:58.700 --> 01:12:03.633
[applause]

01:12:03.640 --> 01:12:06.504
Comrades, alarming news.

01:12:07.194 --> 01:12:09.276
The Reichstag is in flames.

01:12:10.697 --> 01:12:15.563
The Fascist radio claims

01:12:15.613 --> 01:12:19.871
that the Communists set
the Reichstag on fire.

01:12:19.900 --> 01:12:21.800
[jeering]

01:12:21.870 --> 01:12:25.486
A monstrous provocation
by the Nazi government-

01:12:28.059 --> 01:12:30.909
[jeering]

01:12:30.909 --> 01:12:32.165
The meeting is closed.

01:12:32.222 --> 01:12:36.502
[jeering]

01:12:36.526 --> 01:12:38.107
[German language]

01:12:41.311 --> 01:12:44.224
They want to outlaw our Party

01:12:44.500 --> 01:12:49.360
to choke off the voice of the working class.

01:12:50.779 --> 01:12:54.262
As long as there are Communists in Germany,

01:12:54.310 --> 01:12:59.234
the fight against Hitler will never end.

01:13:00.267 --> 01:13:02.573
[riot ensues]

01:13:16.813 --> 01:13:19.591
We are fighting for peace among all peoples.

01:13:19.660 --> 01:13:23.533
Hitler, comrades - Hitler means war.

01:14:57.356 --> 01:15:48.930
[silence]

01:15:49.067 --> 01:15:53.019
When the proletariat discovers
that its own externalized power

01:15:53.010 --> 01:15:56.606
permanently conspires
to reinforce Capitalist society

01:15:57.226 --> 01:15:59.777
no longer only in the form of labor,

01:16:00.478 --> 01:16:02.739
but also in the form of trade unions,

01:16:02.817 --> 01:16:03.813
political parties

01:16:04.193 --> 01:16:05.346
and state power

01:16:05.772 --> 01:16:08.871
that it had constituted in effort
to liberate itself,

01:16:08.975 --> 01:16:12.419
it discovers by means
of concrete historical experience

01:16:12.993 --> 01:16:17.610
that it is the class totally opposed
to all fixed externalizations

01:16:18.299 --> 01:16:20.584
and all specializations of power.

01:16:21.180 --> 01:16:24.655
It bears a revolution
that cannot leave anything outside itself.

01:16:26.610 --> 01:16:29.401
The requirement
of the permanent domination of the present,

01:16:29.720 --> 01:16:30.384
past,

01:16:30.516 --> 01:16:32.678
and a total critique of separation.

01:16:35.173 --> 01:16:38.344
It must find the adequate forms
of actions of this.

01:16:39.761 --> 01:16:42.273
No quantitative improvement of poverty,

01:16:43.499 --> 01:16:46.252
no illusory hierarchical integration

01:16:46.577 --> 01:16:49.772
is a lasting remedy for its dissatisfaction.

01:16:50.307 --> 01:16:53.354
because the proletariat
cannot truly recognize itself

01:16:53.568 --> 01:16:56.426
in any particular wrong
it may have had suffered,

01:16:56.937 --> 01:16:58.154
nor for that matter,

01:16:58.459 --> 01:17:00.459
in the writing of any particular wrong,

01:17:00.720 --> 01:17:03.187
nor of a great number of these wrongs.

01:17:12.591 --> 01:21:47.170
[music]

01:22:18.699 --> 01:22:20.220
New signs of negation,

01:22:20.285 --> 01:22:23.820
misunderstood and falsified
by the management of the spectacle,

01:22:24.558 --> 01:22:27.878
are multiplying in
the most economically-advanced countries.

01:22:28.667 --> 01:22:32.714
We may already draw the conclusion
that a new epoch is opened.

01:22:33.361 --> 01:22:35.930
After the first attempt
at worker subversion,

01:22:37.040 --> 01:22:39.460
it is Capitalist abundance which has failed.

01:22:41.321 --> 01:22:44.593
When the anti-union struggles
of Western workers are repressed

01:22:44.593 --> 01:22:46.024
first by the unions,

01:22:47.570 --> 01:22:50.973
and when rebellious youth
launched their first formless protest,

01:22:53.950 --> 01:22:59.126
in which, however, the rejection
of the old specialized politics of art,

01:22:59.354 --> 01:23:02.036
of daily life is immediately implicated,

01:23:02.213 --> 01:23:06.878
it\'s here one finds the two faces
of a new spontaneous struggle

01:23:06.918 --> 01:23:09.363
which begins as a criminal aspect.

01:23:09.486 --> 01:23:12.772
These are the warning signs
of a second proletarian attack

01:23:12.772 --> 01:23:14.274
against class society.

01:23:42.947 --> 01:23:44.502
You must remember me.

01:23:44.596 --> 01:23:47.092
I never remember pretty women
and so expensive.

01:23:47.092 --> 01:23:48.302
But my Japanese cameras?

01:23:48.302 --> 01:23:49.342
I can\'t help you.

01:23:49.424 --> 01:23:52.480
Van Stratten, has he got a new boat?

01:23:52.657 --> 01:23:54.871
This is not about business, Mr. Tadeus.

01:23:55.504 --> 01:23:58.297
-We just want you to do us a favor.
-I never do favors.

01:23:58.394 --> 01:24:00.857
We only want a little information
about Poland.

01:24:00.857 --> 01:24:03.911
I never give info-- Poland.

01:24:27.401 --> 01:24:31.125
As the ever-deepening realization
of Capitalist alienation

01:24:31.177 --> 01:24:32.311
at all levels

01:24:32.502 --> 01:24:35.053
render even more difficult for workers

01:24:35.384 --> 01:24:38.513
the recognition and naming
of their own property,

01:24:38.761 --> 01:24:42.706
leaves them with an alternative
of rejecting the totality of misery

01:24:42.726 --> 01:24:43.537
or nothing.

01:24:44.220 --> 01:24:46.102
The revolutionary organization

01:24:46.273 --> 01:24:51.295
must know that it can no longer resist
alienation with alienated means.

01:24:54.111 --> 01:24:56.441
The very development of class society

01:24:56.474 --> 01:24:59.956
at the point of spectacular organization
of non-life;

01:25:01.059 --> 01:25:03.320
thus, leads revolutionary projects

01:25:03.427 --> 01:25:08.173
to become visibly
what it already is in essence.

01:25:09.796 --> 01:25:11.267
Revolutionary theory

01:25:11.413 --> 01:25:15.128
is now the enemy
of all revolutionary ideology

01:25:16.069 --> 01:25:17.095
and it knows it.

01:26:38.518 --> 01:26:39.925
[yells commands] 7th Michigan.

01:26:42.394 --> 01:26:43.370
Forward.

01:26:43.436 --> 01:26:47.311
[music]

01:26:47.720 --> 01:26:49.890
[yells commands] Trot.

01:26:52.793 --> 01:26:54.678
Gallop.

01:26:55.363 --> 01:26:56.746
Charge.

01:26:56.754 --> 01:26:59.521
[army charge]

01:27:20.926 --> 01:27:26.083
No, another speech proposing a toast
in Georgian style, Luigi.

01:27:26.309 --> 01:27:28.667
-How did you recognize me?
-[laughter] I know you.

01:27:29.267 --> 01:27:30.464
Your glasses up, friends.

01:27:30.528 --> 01:27:33.460
In Georgian toast,
a little story always comes first.

01:27:35.245 --> 01:27:36.255
I had a dream.

01:27:37.299 --> 01:27:39.201
I found myself in a graveyard

01:27:40.040 --> 01:27:46.203
where all the tombstones were marked
in a curious way; 1822-1826,

01:27:46.217 --> 01:27:48.758
1930-1934,

01:27:48.758 --> 01:27:49.485
always like that.

01:27:49.485 --> 01:27:52.269
Always a very short time
between birth and death.

01:27:53.351 --> 01:27:55.923
In the graveyard was a very old man.

01:27:57.024 --> 01:27:59.554
I asked him how it was that he had lived so long

01:27:59.554 --> 01:28:01.526
when everyone else in his village
had died so young

01:28:02.483 --> 01:28:04.255
but, no, he told me this,

01:28:04.486 --> 01:28:05.704
\"Not that we die early.

01:28:05.704 --> 01:28:07.579
\"It is just that here on our tombstones,

01:28:07.570 --> 01:28:09.973
\"we do not count the years of a man\'s life

01:28:10.800 --> 01:28:13.252
but rather the length of time
he\'s kept a friend.”

01:28:14.420 --> 01:28:16.779
Let\'s drink to friendship.
[glass clinks]

01:28:32.492 --> 01:28:37.561
[trumpets blow]

01:28:37.686 --> 01:28:40.133
[yells commands] 5th and 6th Michigan. Forward.

01:28:47.633 --> 01:28:50.177
[yells commands] [foreign language]

01:28:51.624 --> 01:28:54.408
[yells commands] [foreign language]

01:28:56.452 --> 01:28:58.507
[army charge]

01:29:20.608 --> 01:29:22.775
\"Logic?” Cried the dying frog

01:29:22.770 --> 01:29:25.464
as he started [?] scorpion down
with him.

01:29:25.921 --> 01:29:27.436
\"There is no logic in this.”

01:29:29.245 --> 01:29:33.286
\"I know,” said the scorpion,
\"But I can\'t help it. It\'s my character.”

01:29:33.817 --> 01:29:35.820
Let\'s drink to character. [laughter]

01:29:44.285 --> 01:29:47.953
[yells commands] [foreign language]

01:29:47.973 --> 01:29:50.513
[trumpets blow]