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00:00:03.267 --> 00:00:05.333
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00:00:08.500 --> 00:00:10.033
Pati, voice-over:
Lost highways...

00:00:12.367 --> 00:00:14.267
Leslie: This is
a deadly place.

00:00:14.267 --> 00:00:16.167
Pati, voice-over:
Ghost haunting desert trails...

00:00:16.167 --> 00:00:17.500
Leslie: You see
the bullet holes?

00:00:17.500 --> 00:00:18.867
Yeah.

00:00:18.867 --> 00:00:20.167
Pati, voice-over:
And ancient seeds.

00:00:20.167 --> 00:00:21.433
I love it.

00:00:21.433 --> 00:00:23.200
It has that toasty flavor.
Smoky flavor.

00:00:25.100 --> 00:00:26.767
Pati, voice-over:
The borderlands consist

00:00:26.767 --> 00:00:28.533
of some
of the most wild,

00:00:28.533 --> 00:00:30.700
untouched places
in North America,

00:00:30.700 --> 00:00:32.700
steeped in legend
and tradition.

00:00:32.700 --> 00:00:34.767
Man: Raised in this
region for thousands

00:00:34.767 --> 00:00:36.433
and thousands of years.

00:00:36.433 --> 00:00:39.267
Cheers!

00:00:39.267 --> 00:00:41.733
Pati, voice-over: But none
more so than the border

00:00:41.733 --> 00:00:44.000
between Arizona
and Sonora.

00:00:45.733 --> 00:00:48.167
The piercing beauty
of the Sonoran desert

00:00:48.167 --> 00:00:50.600
is matched only
by the compassion

00:00:50.600 --> 00:00:53.600
of those who are
called to help.

00:00:53.600 --> 00:00:54.867
This same landscape

00:00:54.867 --> 00:00:56.767
that makes
your heart sing

00:00:56.767 --> 00:00:58.600
is also a place
of suffering

00:00:58.600 --> 00:01:00.733
for many looking
for a better life.

00:01:00.733 --> 00:01:03.067
This is like one
small thing I can do.

00:01:04.733 --> 00:01:06.100
Excelente.

00:01:06.100 --> 00:01:07.700
Pati, voice-over:
But the harsh conditions

00:01:07.700 --> 00:01:10.033
are also a place of hope
for the future.

00:01:10.033 --> 00:01:11.867
Let's weave our way
this way.

00:01:11.867 --> 00:01:14.367
Pati, voice-over: A lab of sorts
for researchers studying

00:01:14.367 --> 00:01:17.067
the resiliency of food
that thrives here

00:01:17.067 --> 00:01:19.400
in ever climbing
global temperatures.

00:01:19.400 --> 00:01:20.667
It's beautiful

00:01:20.667 --> 00:01:21.933
Pati:
It's so beautiful.

00:01:23.033 --> 00:01:25.600
Hello. You're gonna
give me a ride?

00:01:25.600 --> 00:01:27.700
Pati, voice-over: But we'll
start from where we left off,

00:01:27.700 --> 00:01:29.367
at the very edge
of Baja California

00:01:29.367 --> 00:01:31.267
in Los Algodones.

00:01:31.267 --> 00:01:32.733
Pati: Whoa!

00:01:32.733 --> 00:01:34.167
Pati, voice-over:
Where perhaps we found

00:01:34.167 --> 00:01:35.900
the most wild place
of all.

00:01:35.900 --> 00:01:38.067
Pati: Oh, so all of this
are dental, dental, dental.

00:01:38.067 --> 00:01:40.500
Pati, voice-over:
A town of dentists.

00:01:40.500 --> 00:01:41.500
Show me something.

00:01:41.500 --> 00:01:42.500
Come, come.

00:01:42.500 --> 00:01:44.367
Show me.

00:01:45.500 --> 00:01:48.233
Una, dos, tres.

00:01:48.233 --> 00:01:50.233
Pati, voice-over:
I'm Pati Jinich.

00:01:50.233 --> 00:01:51.567
I'm a chef.

00:01:51.567 --> 00:01:53.100
A writer and immigrant.

00:01:53.100 --> 00:01:55.500
On this season
I'm traveling the border

00:01:55.500 --> 00:01:56.867
from California and Baja

00:01:56.867 --> 00:01:58.767
to New Mexico
and Chihuahua

00:01:58.767 --> 00:02:00.600
to uncover the stories
beneath the headlines

00:02:00.600 --> 00:02:02.767
and celebrate
the beauty of the people

00:02:02.767 --> 00:02:04.500
who call themselves
"fronterizos."

00:02:04.500 --> 00:02:05.867
Really?

00:02:05.867 --> 00:02:07.667
Pati, voice-over:
Mexico is my heart.

00:02:07.667 --> 00:02:10.400
The United States is
now my home.

00:02:10.400 --> 00:02:12.500
And in the space between

00:02:12.500 --> 00:02:14.367
is "La Frontera."

00:02:22.200 --> 00:02:23.867
Pati, voice-over:
Los Algodones

00:02:23.867 --> 00:02:25.267
is the northernmost
point in Mexico

00:02:25.267 --> 00:02:27.267
and located
on the farthest edge

00:02:27.267 --> 00:02:29.033
of Baja California.

00:02:29.033 --> 00:02:32.033
It's surrounded
by 45 miles of sand dunes

00:02:32.033 --> 00:02:34.733
that were once used
by the U.S. military

00:02:34.733 --> 00:02:38.000
for desert warfare
training in World War II.

00:02:38.000 --> 00:02:40.500
But I'm here for
a very different reason.

00:02:40.500 --> 00:02:43.667
I'm here to face
my dentophobia.

00:02:43.667 --> 00:02:45.133
Welcome to a town
that is said to have

00:02:45.133 --> 00:02:47.033
more dentists
per square mile

00:02:47.033 --> 00:02:49.667
than any other place
in the world.

00:02:50.700 --> 00:02:51.700
Pati: Josué.

00:02:51.700 --> 00:02:53.000
Hello, hello.

00:02:53.000 --> 00:02:55.167
Hello. You're gonna
give me a ride?

00:02:55.167 --> 00:02:56.167
Sí.

00:02:56.167 --> 00:02:57.567
Let's do it.

00:02:57.567 --> 00:02:59.233
Pati, voice-over: Josué is
a local who works for one

00:02:59.233 --> 00:03:01.367
of the hundreds
of clinics in town.

00:03:01.367 --> 00:03:03.967
He is tasked with driving
around a golf cart

00:03:03.967 --> 00:03:06.667
and bringing Americans
to and from the border

00:03:06.667 --> 00:03:08.033
for their appointments.

00:03:08.033 --> 00:03:09.667
Josué: So that one is
the line to go back

00:03:09.667 --> 00:03:11.333
and then there's people
going back walking.

00:03:11.333 --> 00:03:12.333
That's the line.

00:03:12.333 --> 00:03:13.733
Oh, wow!

00:03:15.000 --> 00:03:16.967
Pati, voice-over: The cost
of healthcare in the U.S.

00:03:16.967 --> 00:03:18.900
is causing
many U.S. citizens

00:03:18.900 --> 00:03:20.700
to look for more
affordable ways

00:03:20.700 --> 00:03:22.233
to get dental work,

00:03:22.233 --> 00:03:25.667
turning the borderlands
into a medical paradise.

00:03:25.667 --> 00:03:27.200
Pati: Are a lot of
people moving here

00:03:27.200 --> 00:03:28.667
to provide services?

00:03:28.667 --> 00:03:31.800
Josué: Yeah, yeah, there's
a lot of new dentists.

00:03:31.800 --> 00:03:34.233
There's always new
dental assistants. Yeah.

00:03:34.233 --> 00:03:35.967
The patients come
from all over?

00:03:35.967 --> 00:03:37.333
Yeah, they come from
all over Europe,

00:03:37.333 --> 00:03:41.167
Canada, Kansas City.
You know, anywhere.

00:03:41.167 --> 00:03:43.833
Pati, voice-over:
In the late 1800s,

00:03:43.833 --> 00:03:46.367
the Southern Pacific
Railroad opened

00:03:46.367 --> 00:03:47.733
a connection to the west

00:03:47.733 --> 00:03:49.333
that brought
immigrants as labor,

00:03:49.333 --> 00:03:53.833
some of whom settled in
and around Los Algodones.

00:03:53.833 --> 00:03:57.000
The agricultural era
began, and cotton was

00:03:57.000 --> 00:03:59.233
heavily harvested
in the area.

00:03:59.233 --> 00:04:01.467
Hence, the name
"Los Algodones,"

00:04:01.467 --> 00:04:03.000
or cotton plants.

00:04:04.700 --> 00:04:06.167
During prohibition,

00:04:06.167 --> 00:04:08.400
Los Algodones saw
its first tourism boom

00:04:08.400 --> 00:04:11.667
with many visiting
for its cantinas and bars.

00:04:11.667 --> 00:04:13.900
[Speaking Spanish]

00:04:24.700 --> 00:04:26.367
Pati, voice-over:
Lupita Zazueta started

00:04:26.367 --> 00:04:29.133
her famous street tacos
stand 20 years ago.

00:04:29.133 --> 00:04:32.233
And the constant flow
of doctors and patients

00:04:32.233 --> 00:04:35.000
has allowed her to expand
her food business,

00:04:35.000 --> 00:04:37.067
and even get into
real estate.

00:04:37.067 --> 00:04:39.833
She now owns buildings
she rents to the dentists

00:04:39.833 --> 00:04:41.633
and pharmacies.

00:04:41.633 --> 00:04:44.000
[Speaking Spanish]

00:05:35.300 --> 00:05:42.700
[Music]

00:05:42.700 --> 00:05:45.533
¡Mmm!

00:05:45.533 --> 00:05:48.000
[Speaking Spanish]

00:06:02.333 --> 00:06:04.033
Pati, voice-over:
In auspicious times,

00:06:04.033 --> 00:06:07.333
Los Algodones can see up
to 10,000 patients a day.

00:06:07.333 --> 00:06:09.700
The population
of the entire town

00:06:09.700 --> 00:06:11.500
is only around 5000.

00:06:11.500 --> 00:06:14.000
Man: We're from Marana,
which is, like, Tucson.

00:06:14.000 --> 00:06:16.900
OK. OK.
How far is that?

00:06:16.900 --> 00:06:19.333
190 miles.
Something like that.

00:06:19.333 --> 00:06:20.967
180 miles.

00:06:20.967 --> 00:06:23.000
We came to get some
dental work done, actually.

00:06:23.000 --> 00:06:24.300
Yeah?

00:06:24.300 --> 00:06:26.167
Is this your first time
doing dental work here?

00:06:26.167 --> 00:06:27.533
Yes, yeah.

00:06:27.533 --> 00:06:28.867
And how did you hear
about it?

00:06:28.867 --> 00:06:30.467
My aunt came here.

00:06:30.467 --> 00:06:31.833
OK.

00:06:31.833 --> 00:06:33.467
And she gave
a really good report.

00:06:33.467 --> 00:06:35.700
Have you had
good experiences here?

00:06:35.700 --> 00:06:37.367
Oh, you did!

00:06:37.367 --> 00:06:39.367
That's why you have
such a beautiful smile.

00:06:39.367 --> 00:06:40.633
That's why he said,

00:06:40.633 --> 00:06:42.133
"I'm glad I spent
all this money."

00:06:42.133 --> 00:06:43.667
Because I told him
he had a nice smile.

00:06:43.667 --> 00:06:45.567
Oh, like, every time
you need dental work,

00:06:45.567 --> 00:06:46.667
you come here.

00:06:46.667 --> 00:06:47.733
Here, yeah.

00:06:47.733 --> 00:06:49.333
[Speaking Spanish]

00:06:49.333 --> 00:06:51.300
[Laughing]

00:06:51.300 --> 00:06:53.333
Pati, voice-over: Three
blocks away is the Figueroa,

00:06:53.333 --> 00:06:56.300
a mother-father-and-son
team who moved here

00:06:56.300 --> 00:06:57.833
from Guadalajara, Mexico,

00:06:57.833 --> 00:07:01.300
following the gold rush
of medical tourism.

00:07:01.300 --> 00:07:04.000
[Speaking Spanish]

00:07:16.667 --> 00:07:18.867
Pati, voice-over:
In Guadalajara in 1992,

00:07:18.867 --> 00:07:21.200
a series of sudden explosions

00:07:21.200 --> 00:07:22.467
caused by a gas leak

00:07:22.467 --> 00:07:24.133
killed more than 200 people

00:07:24.133 --> 00:07:26.900
and leveled 20 square
city blocks.

00:07:28.200 --> 00:07:30.300
[Speaking Spanish]

00:07:36.400 --> 00:07:39.000
Pati, voice-over: Somewhere
along the 1200 miles

00:07:39.000 --> 00:07:41.133
from Guadalajara to Algodones,

00:07:41.133 --> 00:07:43.833
their moving truck disappeared.

00:07:43.833 --> 00:07:45.967
And they ended up
in a new town

00:07:45.967 --> 00:07:48.833
with nothing,
but their suitcases.

00:07:48.833 --> 00:07:50.367
But the people
at the borderlands

00:07:50.367 --> 00:07:51.800
surprised them.

00:07:51.800 --> 00:07:54.633
[Speaking Spanish]

00:08:17.033 --> 00:08:18.767
Lugoj: Come, I'll
show you something.

00:08:18.767 --> 00:08:20.667
Show me something.
Show me.

00:08:20.667 --> 00:08:23.033
Oh, oh, Dracula.

00:08:23.033 --> 00:08:24.433
Yeah, you see?

00:08:24.433 --> 00:08:25.967
Transylvania.

00:08:25.967 --> 00:08:27.633
You're actually
from Dracula's town?

00:08:27.633 --> 00:08:30.200
Yes, I came with
all my family here.

00:08:30.200 --> 00:08:33.800
My son had big trouble
in mouth, in teeth.

00:08:33.800 --> 00:08:36.667
They removed
all the teeth.

00:08:36.667 --> 00:08:38.867
He did the best surgery,

00:08:38.867 --> 00:08:40.667
they made the best teeth
for him.

00:08:40.667 --> 00:08:42.967
OK, but you love it.

00:08:42.967 --> 00:08:43.967
I love it.

00:08:43.967 --> 00:08:44.800
Yeah.

00:08:44.800 --> 00:08:47.133
[Speaking Spanish]

00:09:05.433 --> 00:09:07.600
Pati, voice-over: The people
are warm and welcoming

00:09:07.600 --> 00:09:10.133
and the tacos here
were amazing.

00:09:10.133 --> 00:09:13.133
But I'm always on the hunt
for more heat.

00:09:15.800 --> 00:09:18.467
I'm leaving Baja California
and making my way

00:09:18.467 --> 00:09:21.367
to where the wild things grow.

00:09:21.367 --> 00:09:24.433
In one of the most remote
places in the Sonoran Desert

00:09:24.433 --> 00:09:25.933
of Southern Arizona

00:09:25.933 --> 00:09:28.300
I'm hunting for a treasure

00:09:28.300 --> 00:09:29.933
thousands of years old.

00:09:29.933 --> 00:09:31.300
Pati:
This is so exciting.

00:09:31.300 --> 00:09:34.433
I mean, this is like a--
like a chile hunt,

00:09:34.433 --> 00:09:35.433
a chile hike.

00:09:35.433 --> 00:09:36.700
I've never done that

00:09:36.700 --> 00:09:38.467
and I'm obsessed
with chiles.

00:09:38.467 --> 00:09:40.967
Pati, voice-over: The foods
I love, cook and eat

00:09:40.967 --> 00:09:44.133
all have one thing
in common: the chile.

00:09:44.133 --> 00:09:46.800
Pati: So you see
all the way up there.

00:09:46.800 --> 00:09:48.800
We're gonna go up there
just to find some

00:09:48.800 --> 00:09:50.633
really yummy chiles.

00:09:50.633 --> 00:09:51.833
Pati, voice-over:
Not just any chile,

00:09:51.833 --> 00:09:53.433
the chiltepin chile

00:09:53.433 --> 00:09:55.633
is believed to be the original

00:09:55.633 --> 00:09:58.967
from which all the other
chiles have evolved.

00:09:58.967 --> 00:10:01.600
I'm trusting the maternal
spirit of Erin.

00:10:01.600 --> 00:10:02.967
That's the way
to do it.

00:10:02.967 --> 00:10:04.333
All right.

00:10:04.333 --> 00:10:05.800
Pati, voice-over: Which is
why the husband and wife

00:10:05.800 --> 00:10:07.200
desert research team

00:10:07.200 --> 00:10:10.333
of Erin Riordan
and Benjamin Wilder

00:10:10.333 --> 00:10:12.867
based in Tucson, Arizona,
are interested

00:10:12.867 --> 00:10:14.967
in studying them in the wild.

00:10:14.967 --> 00:10:17.500
If chiltepines can survive
for thousands of years

00:10:17.500 --> 00:10:18.967
in the Sonoran desert,

00:10:18.967 --> 00:10:21.200
one of the hottest places
in North America,

00:10:21.200 --> 00:10:23.533
then what can we learn
about growing food

00:10:23.533 --> 00:10:25.100
in a hotter future?

00:10:26.300 --> 00:10:28.200
The reason the chiltepin
has survived is

00:10:28.200 --> 00:10:30.967
the same reason
it's so hard to find,

00:10:30.967 --> 00:10:32.633
it grows in small bushes

00:10:32.633 --> 00:10:35.100
in sheltered areas
under trees and rocks

00:10:35.100 --> 00:10:37.800
that protect it from
the harsh environment.

00:10:37.800 --> 00:10:39.967
So up we go.

00:10:39.967 --> 00:10:41.433
OK.

00:10:41.433 --> 00:10:44.300
After hours of climbing...

00:10:44.300 --> 00:10:45.833
Oh, there it is!

00:10:45.833 --> 00:10:49.633
[Pati Speaking Spanish]

00:10:49.633 --> 00:10:51.167
So red.

00:10:51.167 --> 00:10:53.133
Wait, there's more there,
there's one over there.

00:10:53.133 --> 00:10:55.967
I have never seen them
in the wild.

00:10:55.967 --> 00:10:57.133
Would you like one?

00:10:57.133 --> 00:10:58.200
Yes, please.

00:10:58.200 --> 00:10:59.467
[Laughs]

00:10:59.467 --> 00:11:02.667
So shiny and bright.

00:11:02.667 --> 00:11:03.667
Just beautiful.

00:11:03.667 --> 00:11:05.367
So beautiful.

00:11:05.367 --> 00:11:08.667
This is where every salsa
that you have tried began.

00:11:08.667 --> 00:11:10.000
Salud.

00:11:10.000 --> 00:11:11.033
Salud.

00:11:12.500 --> 00:11:14.433
You don't get
more wild than this.

00:11:14.433 --> 00:11:17.267
Oh, wow.

00:11:17.267 --> 00:11:19.033
Oh!

00:11:20.600 --> 00:11:22.000
Ah, ah, ah.

00:11:22.000 --> 00:11:24.433
Wow, wow.

00:11:24.433 --> 00:11:25.867
And it's a little numbing.

00:11:25.867 --> 00:11:27.433
Like my tongue feels
a little,

00:11:27.433 --> 00:11:29.200
but, like,
deliciously numb.

00:11:29.200 --> 00:11:31.833
It's the first chile
experience I've had

00:11:31.833 --> 00:11:35.133
where every second
that is passing

00:11:35.133 --> 00:11:36.633
is just changing.

00:11:36.633 --> 00:11:39.100
It's just, like,
I feel it all over.

00:11:39.100 --> 00:11:40.767
One of the things
that I love about them

00:11:40.767 --> 00:11:43.467
is not just the heat,
which there's a lot of.

00:11:43.467 --> 00:11:45.000
But there's also
that flavor.

00:11:45.000 --> 00:11:49.200
Oh, the taste,
it's a little citrusy.

00:11:49.200 --> 00:11:50.367
It's very complex.

00:11:50.367 --> 00:11:51.800
So why is it to you

00:11:51.800 --> 00:11:53.333
that it's at thing
worth studying?

00:11:53.333 --> 00:11:55.000
Erin: One of the things
that I love about

00:11:55.000 --> 00:11:56.033
this chile is

00:11:56.033 --> 00:11:57.767
because it is
a wild ancestor

00:11:57.767 --> 00:11:59.300
of our other
domesticated crops,

00:11:59.300 --> 00:12:01.667
it's really retained
all of these qualities

00:12:01.667 --> 00:12:03.133
that we've tried
to tame.

00:12:03.133 --> 00:12:05.533
If you think about
how we grow food,

00:12:05.533 --> 00:12:06.700
and the crops that
a lot of us are

00:12:06.700 --> 00:12:07.967
really familiar
with today.

00:12:07.967 --> 00:12:09.700
Well, they're kind
of wimpy.

00:12:09.700 --> 00:12:10.967
They wouldn't be able
to handle it out here.

00:12:10.967 --> 00:12:12.633
They can't,
they're shy.

00:12:12.633 --> 00:12:14.800
And so, in one way,
it's just a...

00:12:14.800 --> 00:12:16.867
a lot of information
to learn about the chile

00:12:16.867 --> 00:12:19.333
and its history
and its cultural uses.

00:12:19.333 --> 00:12:20.867
But there's also

00:12:20.867 --> 00:12:22.267
a lot to learn about
how maybe we can use

00:12:22.267 --> 00:12:23.967
this plant to help
bring back some

00:12:23.967 --> 00:12:25.467
of that hardiness
that it still has

00:12:25.467 --> 00:12:27.000
in the wild
to other crops,

00:12:27.000 --> 00:12:28.967
and maybe that can help us when
we're coping

00:12:28.967 --> 00:12:30.800
with temperatures
that are getting hotter.

00:12:30.800 --> 00:12:33.133
There's been such
a close connection

00:12:33.133 --> 00:12:34.333
between people,

00:12:34.333 --> 00:12:35.533
and this plant,
in particular,

00:12:35.533 --> 00:12:38.133
for, at minimum,
8000 years.

00:12:38.133 --> 00:12:40.800
So when we're trying
to understand how people

00:12:40.800 --> 00:12:42.967
have changed the crops

00:12:42.967 --> 00:12:45.433
or the plants
of the region,

00:12:45.433 --> 00:12:46.533
you need to look
no further,

00:12:46.533 --> 00:12:47.767
than as you said it,

00:12:47.767 --> 00:12:49.367
the mother
of all chiles.

00:12:49.367 --> 00:12:50.800
Pati: Yeah.

00:12:50.800 --> 00:12:52.000
Pati, voice-over:
If a chile can survive

00:12:52.000 --> 00:12:53.633
for thousands of years,

00:12:53.633 --> 00:12:55.200
then our team
should be just fine

00:12:55.200 --> 00:12:59.033
driving the unmarked roads
out of the desert.

00:12:59.033 --> 00:13:00.200
Oh-oh.

00:13:01.300 --> 00:13:04.333
So I drove the car
into the mud.

00:13:04.333 --> 00:13:06.800
The second time that
I do it in two days,

00:13:06.800 --> 00:13:09.967
which isn't bad,
it is actually bad.

00:13:09.967 --> 00:13:11.467
Pati, voice-over:
Erin and Ben are

00:13:11.467 --> 00:13:12.867
the only people
who know the area

00:13:12.867 --> 00:13:14.633
and they left
20 minutes ago.

00:13:14.633 --> 00:13:17.267
And we have
no cell-service.

00:13:17.267 --> 00:13:18.933
Man: Pati, you wanna
come see the road

00:13:18.933 --> 00:13:20.433
that you're driving down?

00:13:20.433 --> 00:13:23.100
I mean, they just told
me, "Go left, go..."

00:13:23.100 --> 00:13:25.433
Oh, my God!

00:13:25.433 --> 00:13:27.100
This is the road.

00:13:27.100 --> 00:13:28.767
[Laughs]

00:13:28.767 --> 00:13:30.333
I drove the car
into a creek.

00:13:30.333 --> 00:13:32.933
Our producer Ren
is somewhere searching

00:13:32.933 --> 00:13:35.133
for a signal to call
Erin and Ben.

00:13:35.133 --> 00:13:38.133
And everybody...
everybody's optimistic.

00:13:38.133 --> 00:13:40.100
Yeah, yeah.

00:13:40.100 --> 00:13:43.267
We're waiting to be
saved at this point.

00:13:43.267 --> 00:13:45.500
Pati, voice-over: And just
in the nick of time.

00:13:45.500 --> 00:13:50.100
Yay! Woo-hoo!

00:13:52.100 --> 00:13:55.433
Pati, voice-over: Miraculously,
Ben has a four-wheel drive

00:13:55.433 --> 00:13:56.733
and a wench.

00:13:59.467 --> 00:14:01.933
Yo, stop, OK.

00:14:01.933 --> 00:14:03.267
Looks like we're out.

00:14:03.267 --> 00:14:04.333
Show goes on.

00:14:04.333 --> 00:14:05.667
Yay!

00:14:05.667 --> 00:14:08.333
[Horn honking]

00:14:08.333 --> 00:14:10.100
Pati, voice-over:
This is the true beauty

00:14:10.100 --> 00:14:11.167
of the border.

00:14:11.167 --> 00:14:12.933
United by the chiltepin,

00:14:12.933 --> 00:14:15.500
our friendship
sealed by kindness.

00:14:20.267 --> 00:14:21.500
We're at the home

00:14:21.500 --> 00:14:23.600
of a pioneer desert researcher,

00:14:23.600 --> 00:14:26.633
Gary Nabhan, who
founded Native Seeds,

00:14:26.633 --> 00:14:28.933
a group which finds,
collects and preserves

00:14:28.933 --> 00:14:31.100
the plants of this region.

00:14:31.100 --> 00:14:32.600
In this county,

00:14:32.600 --> 00:14:34.967
it's the northernmost
limits of the chiltepin

00:14:34.967 --> 00:14:38.100
or chile silvestre,
the wild chile.

00:14:38.100 --> 00:14:40.333
It goes all over
down to Guatemala.

00:14:40.333 --> 00:14:42.667
Pati, voice-over: Gary is
like a mad scientist.

00:14:42.667 --> 00:14:44.633
He's written more
than 30 books

00:14:44.633 --> 00:14:47.067
on the chiltepin
and other native foods.

00:14:47.067 --> 00:14:47.967
You have your own

00:14:47.967 --> 00:14:49.767
chiltepin little
heaven here.

00:14:49.767 --> 00:14:51.233
I can't live
without them.

00:14:51.233 --> 00:14:52.500
I'm addicted to them.

00:14:52.500 --> 00:14:54.100
Pati, voice-over:
His deep desire

00:14:54.100 --> 00:14:55.900
to share what he knows
about the native plants

00:14:55.900 --> 00:14:58.767
of this arid desert
will help farmers adapt

00:14:58.767 --> 00:15:00.100
to climate change.

00:15:00.100 --> 00:15:01.933
On both sides
of the border,

00:15:01.933 --> 00:15:04.400
we desperately need
crops that use

00:15:04.400 --> 00:15:05.633
far less water

00:15:05.633 --> 00:15:08.167
than alfalfa
or--or cotton.

00:15:08.167 --> 00:15:10.167
These plants don't use
much water,

00:15:10.167 --> 00:15:15.067
but per acre, the yield
in income is much,

00:15:15.067 --> 00:15:16.800
much higher
than any other crop

00:15:16.800 --> 00:15:18.933
that could be grown
in Sonora or Arizona.

00:15:18.933 --> 00:15:20.433
But they need help now

00:15:20.433 --> 00:15:21.933
or they'll
lose their farms.

00:15:21.933 --> 00:15:24.067
And specialty crops
that have high value

00:15:24.067 --> 00:15:26.600
per pound is one
of the answers

00:15:26.600 --> 00:15:27.933
that we can offer them.

00:15:31.433 --> 00:15:33.767
Pati, voice-over: This evening,
Gary is hosting a dinner

00:15:33.767 --> 00:15:36.767
made with mostly
native ingredients.

00:15:36.767 --> 00:15:39.233
Erin and Ben are joining us.

00:15:39.233 --> 00:15:40.567
And, did I mention?

00:15:40.567 --> 00:15:42.500
Ben's father is
a James Beard

00:15:42.500 --> 00:15:43.800
award-winning chef?

00:15:43.800 --> 00:15:45.600
I've heard so much
about you

00:15:45.600 --> 00:15:48.000
and I've heard so much
about your food.

00:15:48.000 --> 00:15:49.933
Pati, voice-over:
Janos Wilder revolutionized

00:15:49.933 --> 00:15:52.633
Tucson's farm
to table dining scene

00:15:52.633 --> 00:15:54.100
and the use of cooking

00:15:54.100 --> 00:15:55.600
with plants native
to this region.

00:15:55.600 --> 00:15:57.500
I'm honoring what
I've found here,

00:15:57.500 --> 00:15:59.500
the people that came
before me,

00:15:59.500 --> 00:16:01.467
and set the stage
for me to be able

00:16:01.467 --> 00:16:03.100
to do my work.

00:16:03.100 --> 00:16:06.100
And that's hom--
an homage in a sense.

00:16:06.100 --> 00:16:09.000
Pati, voice-over: His salad
is a story of the desert.

00:16:09.000 --> 00:16:11.767
Filled with prickly pear,
mezquite honey

00:16:11.767 --> 00:16:15.133
and two things
I've never seen before.

00:16:15.133 --> 00:16:18.233
Janos: These guys are little
white wheat berries.

00:16:18.233 --> 00:16:20.933
So the wheat berry
is an old world--

00:16:20.933 --> 00:16:23.067
wheat is an old world crop
that was brought here.

00:16:23.067 --> 00:16:24.667
And this is also
a pomegranate, you said?

00:16:24.667 --> 00:16:26.100
Yeah, that's a white
pomegranate.

00:16:26.100 --> 00:16:28.767
I have never seen
a white pomegranate.

00:16:28.767 --> 00:16:31.633
Taste that.
That is so sweet.

00:16:31.633 --> 00:16:33.133
So that is...

00:16:33.133 --> 00:16:35.667
That pomegranate is
from the root stalk

00:16:35.667 --> 00:16:38.467
that was brought here
by Father Kino.

00:16:39.733 --> 00:16:41.100
Pati, voice-over:
Spanish missionary,

00:16:41.100 --> 00:16:43.767
Father Eusebio Francisco Kino,

00:16:43.767 --> 00:16:46.000
was an influential
early explorer

00:16:46.000 --> 00:16:47.433
of Sonora.

00:16:47.433 --> 00:16:50.833
In the 1690s, he brought
European agriculture seeds

00:16:50.833 --> 00:16:55.300
and cattle to the 24 Jesuit
missions he founded.

00:16:55.300 --> 00:16:59.000
And that brings us to
what we're eating today.

00:17:01.600 --> 00:17:03.167
Pati, voice-over:
The chiltepin rubbed,

00:17:03.167 --> 00:17:06.467
adobe oven roasted
lamb is ready.

00:17:06.467 --> 00:17:08.600
I rubbed the lamb
in orange juice

00:17:08.600 --> 00:17:11.333
and chile powder and
a little bit of garlic

00:17:11.333 --> 00:17:13.467
and some coffee
as well.

00:17:13.467 --> 00:17:16.000
And I marinated that,
smoked it,

00:17:16.000 --> 00:17:17.633
and slow-cooked it
and then finished it

00:17:17.633 --> 00:17:18.967
in this oven.

00:17:22.633 --> 00:17:24.400
Pati: Oh!

00:17:24.400 --> 00:17:25.500
The meat is...

00:17:25.500 --> 00:17:26.667
Perfectly baked.

00:17:26.667 --> 00:17:27.833
Right the way
we want.

00:17:27.833 --> 00:17:30.167
It's so tender
and smoky.

00:17:30.167 --> 00:17:33.567
Pati, voice-over: The lamb
complements Chef Janos' salad

00:17:33.567 --> 00:17:35.733
along with heritage
tepary beans

00:17:35.733 --> 00:17:37.800
in a hardy squash soup.

00:17:37.800 --> 00:17:40.633
So that squash
has been raised

00:17:40.633 --> 00:17:42.600
in this region
for thousands

00:17:42.600 --> 00:17:44.000
and thousands
of years.

00:17:44.000 --> 00:17:45.833
It's a drought
resistant squash.

00:17:45.833 --> 00:17:48.933
And this particular
variety is harvested

00:17:48.933 --> 00:17:53.433
by the Tohono O'odham,
who lived in Tucson

00:17:53.433 --> 00:17:55.100
and crossed the border.

00:17:55.100 --> 00:17:57.067
And so this is
their squash.

00:17:57.067 --> 00:17:58.633
This is--this is
their story.

00:17:58.633 --> 00:18:00.467
Gary, here?

00:18:00.467 --> 00:18:02.400
Right here? OK.

00:18:02.400 --> 00:18:04.267
Shall I let
you sit here?

00:18:04.267 --> 00:18:05.633
No, no, no.

00:18:05.633 --> 00:18:07.667
Well, let's make
a toast.

00:18:07.667 --> 00:18:09.267
Yeah, OK.

00:18:09.267 --> 00:18:10.600
To the chiltepin.

00:18:10.600 --> 00:18:12.400
To the chiltepin!

00:18:12.400 --> 00:18:14.133
All the stress
that it brings

00:18:14.133 --> 00:18:15.600
to make us stronger.

00:18:15.600 --> 00:18:17.467
To the red-hot mother
of all chiles.

00:18:17.467 --> 00:18:19.267
Here, here.

00:18:19.267 --> 00:18:30.467
[Music]

00:18:30.467 --> 00:18:32.067
You're doing
the research.

00:18:32.067 --> 00:18:34.400
You're doing
the cooking

00:18:34.400 --> 00:18:36.800
of food that are
binational

00:18:36.800 --> 00:18:38.900
and you're collaborating
with people on both sides

00:18:38.900 --> 00:18:41.467
of the border
to research, to cook.

00:18:41.467 --> 00:18:42.767
Well, you know,

00:18:42.767 --> 00:18:44.633
and Gary has so much
to do with that

00:18:44.633 --> 00:18:46.600
by starting
Native Seeds Search,

00:18:46.600 --> 00:18:49.467
which is now
a repository

00:18:49.467 --> 00:18:51.067
of these seeds

00:18:51.067 --> 00:18:52.800
that have grown here
for thousands of years

00:18:52.800 --> 00:18:55.733
and many of them
in danger of extinction.

00:18:55.733 --> 00:18:57.567
Ben: Each one
of the ingredients

00:18:57.567 --> 00:18:59.633
on our plate
has its own story

00:18:59.633 --> 00:19:01.600
in terms of seeds
and history,

00:19:01.600 --> 00:19:03.067
but it's also
the people

00:19:03.067 --> 00:19:04.733
that cultivated
and brought them here.

00:19:04.733 --> 00:19:06.133
And incredible amount

00:19:06.133 --> 00:19:08.300
of knowledge that
you can eat and share.

00:19:08.300 --> 00:19:09.733
And it's easier
to share

00:19:09.733 --> 00:19:11.567
that knowledge when
you can eat it, right?

00:19:11.567 --> 00:19:13.067
That's right.

00:19:13.067 --> 00:19:15.867
If we don't keep
these on the table,

00:19:15.867 --> 00:19:18.867
and support the growers
or the foragers

00:19:18.867 --> 00:19:21.067
that make a living
off this,

00:19:21.067 --> 00:19:23.467
if they can't make
a living anymore,

00:19:23.467 --> 00:19:25.067
they'll drop that.

00:19:25.067 --> 00:19:28.733
And so my friend
Papi says,

00:19:28.733 --> 00:19:31.433
"Honey, if you want
to save it,

00:19:31.433 --> 00:19:33.433
you've got to eat it."

00:19:33.433 --> 00:19:37.600
[Music]

00:19:37.600 --> 00:19:40.067
Pati, voice-over:
Now, one final treat.

00:19:40.067 --> 00:19:44.200
Gary's biting
chiltepin flan.

00:19:44.200 --> 00:19:45.800
Man: How hot is it?

00:19:45.800 --> 00:19:48.033
Gary: Can I pass
another to...?

00:19:48.033 --> 00:19:50.233
Mmm!

00:19:50.233 --> 00:19:52.367
Gary.

00:19:52.367 --> 00:19:54.267
It is...wow!

00:19:54.267 --> 00:19:57.733
It really--It makes
the sweet of the flan

00:19:57.733 --> 00:19:59.900
have another dimension.

00:19:59.900 --> 00:20:01.533
Because you're feeling
the flavor

00:20:01.533 --> 00:20:02.800
of the chiltepin,

00:20:02.800 --> 00:20:04.400
and as you taste
the sweet,

00:20:04.400 --> 00:20:05.800
you're getting
the heat.

00:20:05.800 --> 00:20:08.067
It really just brings
your taste buds to life.

00:20:08.067 --> 00:20:09.467
Yeah.

00:20:09.467 --> 00:20:11.033
You've done well, Gary.

00:20:11.033 --> 00:20:14.533
My respect for you was
already like there.

00:20:14.533 --> 00:20:16.100
And now
I can't even reach.

00:20:16.100 --> 00:20:19.067
Pati, voice-over: Eating
food rich in ancient DNA

00:20:19.067 --> 00:20:20.800
is made only sweeter
when shared with

00:20:20.800 --> 00:20:22.233
the brilliant minds

00:20:22.233 --> 00:20:24.067
dedicated to their
conservation.

00:20:24.067 --> 00:20:25.567
I mean, this sky

00:20:25.567 --> 00:20:28.467
with the chiltepin flan
together is such a gift.

00:20:28.467 --> 00:20:29.967
Pati, voice-over:
But while science

00:20:29.967 --> 00:20:32.067
might see these foods
as a way forward,

00:20:32.067 --> 00:20:34.433
the desert people
of the borderlands

00:20:34.433 --> 00:20:35.733
see them as a way
to reconnect

00:20:35.733 --> 00:20:37.533
with their stolen past.

00:20:38.933 --> 00:20:41.733
For more than 10,000 years,
the borderlands have been

00:20:41.733 --> 00:20:44.567
a home to Tohono O'odham
Nation, whose people know

00:20:44.567 --> 00:20:46.633
no boundaries.

00:20:46.633 --> 00:20:49.400
The reservation is about
the size of Connecticut,

00:20:49.400 --> 00:20:52.733
each shares 75 miles
of international border

00:20:52.733 --> 00:20:54.233
with Mexico.

00:20:54.233 --> 00:20:56.567
And the border splits
their nation in two.

00:20:56.567 --> 00:20:58.233
They have fought
assimilation

00:20:58.233 --> 00:21:01.267
from different governments
since the 18th Century.

00:21:01.267 --> 00:21:04.400
The O'odham language
has struggled to survive.

00:21:04.400 --> 00:21:07.467
and the militarized border
has split up families

00:21:07.467 --> 00:21:10.900
and blocked access
to sacred sites.

00:21:10.900 --> 00:21:12.967
The San Xavier mission
next to the reservation,

00:21:12.967 --> 00:21:15.733
is a good illustration
of all the governments

00:21:15.733 --> 00:21:17.367
that have attempted
to colonize

00:21:17.367 --> 00:21:18.733
the O'odham people.

00:21:18.733 --> 00:21:20.100
Having had the flags
of three nations

00:21:20.100 --> 00:21:23.600
flown above the church.
since 1797.

00:21:23.600 --> 00:21:26.733
Spain, Mexico,
and the United States.

00:21:26.733 --> 00:21:28.733
All the more reason
for going back

00:21:28.733 --> 00:21:31.067
to their roots.

00:21:31.067 --> 00:21:33.067
And a younger
generation of O'odham

00:21:33.067 --> 00:21:35.067
see an opportunity
to go back

00:21:35.067 --> 00:21:37.633
to those roots
through food.

00:21:37.633 --> 00:21:42.267
This is the coolest,
tallest, most modern

00:21:42.267 --> 00:21:45.067
sophisticated tractor
I've ever seen.

00:21:45.067 --> 00:21:47.400
Connecting the past
with the future is

00:21:47.400 --> 00:21:49.100
the job
of Duran Andrews.

00:21:49.100 --> 00:21:51.567
Born and raised
on the reservation.

00:21:51.567 --> 00:21:55.633
He manages the 1000 acre
cooperative farm.

00:21:55.633 --> 00:21:57.967
The mission for the farm
was for the preservation

00:21:57.967 --> 00:21:59.233
of the food.

00:21:59.233 --> 00:22:01.400
Pati, voice-over:
In the 1970s, landowners

00:22:01.400 --> 00:22:02.900
in the San Xavier district

00:22:02.900 --> 00:22:06.267
created the co-op to grow
their traditional crops,

00:22:06.267 --> 00:22:08.800
but for many years
they hired outsiders

00:22:08.800 --> 00:22:10.433
to manage the farm,

00:22:10.433 --> 00:22:13.867
who changed the focus
to cash crops like hay.

00:22:13.867 --> 00:22:15.867
Tell me a little bit
about those ingredients

00:22:15.867 --> 00:22:17.900
you want to bring back.

00:22:17.900 --> 00:22:19.733
What's their meaning?

00:22:19.733 --> 00:22:23.033
I mean, right now
the culture has struggled,

00:22:23.033 --> 00:22:25.800
you know, and, uh, I like
to think of our food

00:22:25.800 --> 00:22:28.300
as survival food, you know,
we--we need the culture

00:22:28.300 --> 00:22:30.433
to survive this--
this struggle.

00:22:30.433 --> 00:22:31.767
You know, we need
to emphasize it,

00:22:31.767 --> 00:22:33.200
we need to put it
out there

00:22:33.200 --> 00:22:35.567
and talk the language,
you know, the Ni'ok.

00:22:35.567 --> 00:22:37.300
That's really important
for survival.

00:22:37.300 --> 00:22:38.767
And that's what
we've been doing

00:22:38.767 --> 00:22:40.700
since we lived here
generations from others.

00:22:40.700 --> 00:22:42.733
Pati, voice-over:
About 80 % of the farm

00:22:42.733 --> 00:22:44.700
is hay for animal feed.

00:22:44.700 --> 00:22:47.233
Duran would like to make
that 50 % feed.

00:22:47.233 --> 00:22:49.400
And 50 % traditional food.

00:22:49.400 --> 00:22:52.100
But it's no easy task.

00:22:52.100 --> 00:22:54.900
Traditional food means
more traditional methods

00:22:54.900 --> 00:22:56.767
like hand-planting seeds.

00:22:56.767 --> 00:22:58.633
They also don't use
any pesticides

00:22:58.633 --> 00:23:00.233
or chemicals.

00:23:00.233 --> 00:23:01.900
It's surprising to me
that when you talk

00:23:01.900 --> 00:23:03.467
to a lot of people,
they don't know

00:23:03.467 --> 00:23:05.067
about the farm here,
in Tucson.

00:23:05.067 --> 00:23:06.633
And when they do find out
about it, they get surprised,

00:23:06.633 --> 00:23:07.900
"I gotta go there
and get what I want."

00:23:07.900 --> 00:23:09.900
They wanna get
ingredients.

00:23:09.900 --> 00:23:11.433
Mezquite pods,
you know, mezquite flour.

00:23:11.433 --> 00:23:12.567
They definitely know
where to come now

00:23:12.567 --> 00:23:14.067
and that's what
we wanna be.

00:23:14.067 --> 00:23:17.033
We wanna be that hub
that has food for them.

00:23:17.033 --> 00:23:19.600
You have a little knife
or a little spoon?

00:23:19.600 --> 00:23:20.900
Yes.

00:23:20.900 --> 00:23:22.400
Pati, voice-over:
Amy Juan is also

00:23:22.400 --> 00:23:24.133
a manager at the farm.

00:23:24.133 --> 00:23:25.567
Born in the 1980s,

00:23:25.567 --> 00:23:27.700
she comes from
the last generation

00:23:27.700 --> 00:23:29.867
to move freely
between both sides

00:23:29.867 --> 00:23:31.867
of the Tohono
O'odham nation.

00:23:31.867 --> 00:23:34.467
Our family isn't even
my family.

00:23:34.467 --> 00:23:36.567
Our roots are
in the white hill,

00:23:36.567 --> 00:23:38.067
which is a community
on the other side

00:23:38.067 --> 00:23:39.733
of the border.

00:23:39.733 --> 00:23:41.367
There's a lot of ties,
those ties are still there

00:23:41.367 --> 00:23:44.733
despite the politics,
despite the border wall.

00:23:44.733 --> 00:23:46.600
And different things
like that,

00:23:46.600 --> 00:23:49.900
we're still continuing
our food tradition.

00:23:49.900 --> 00:23:51.433
Pati, voice-over:
But politics have always been

00:23:51.433 --> 00:23:54.267
the primary challenge
for the O'odham people.

00:23:54.267 --> 00:23:56.600
Duran recalls a moment
when walking through

00:23:56.600 --> 00:23:58.633
the desert to school
on the U.S. side,

00:23:58.633 --> 00:24:00.733
when he was tackled
by border patrol.

00:24:00.733 --> 00:24:02.033
I had my headphones
and didn't think

00:24:02.033 --> 00:24:03.400
anything of it,

00:24:03.400 --> 00:24:04.900
and then, out of nowhere,
I--an individual got me

00:24:04.900 --> 00:24:06.733
and pushed me down
to the floor.

00:24:06.733 --> 00:24:08.533
And out of instinct I kind of,
I don't know, I fought back

00:24:08.533 --> 00:24:10.200
like, "Oh, my God,
I'm being robbed."

00:24:10.200 --> 00:24:11.667
Yeah?

00:24:11.667 --> 00:24:13.067
But, um, I looked up
at this guy and I started

00:24:13.067 --> 00:24:14.933
to speak in English,
"What are you doing?"

00:24:14.933 --> 00:24:17.600
He stepped back and realized,
"Are you a U.S. citizen?"

00:24:17.600 --> 00:24:19.900
And then I said, "Yes,
what are you doing?"

00:24:19.900 --> 00:24:22.833
Yeah, so, he--their confusion
was like, "I'm sorry, sir."

00:24:22.833 --> 00:24:24.267
They moved on with what
they were doing,

00:24:24.267 --> 00:24:26.200
but you know, it's like
that--that perception.

00:24:26.200 --> 00:24:28.367
There are so many experiences
like that in the reservation.

00:24:28.367 --> 00:24:30.000
It's horrible,
it's unfortunate.

00:24:32.500 --> 00:24:33.733
Pati, voice-over:
Amy is preparing

00:24:33.733 --> 00:24:35.267
traditional ingredients

00:24:35.267 --> 00:24:37.033
for the Annual Heritage
Celebration, where

00:24:37.033 --> 00:24:39.767
contestants will compete
in a food competition.

00:24:39.767 --> 00:24:42.433
Foods like 60-day corn,

00:24:42.433 --> 00:24:43.733
cholla buds,

00:24:43.733 --> 00:24:45.167
saguaro syrup,

00:24:45.167 --> 00:24:47.700
mezquite flour,
and wheat berries.

00:24:47.700 --> 00:24:49.367
So what do we have here?

00:24:49.367 --> 00:24:51.900
Here we have
the 60-day corn.

00:24:51.900 --> 00:24:54.000
Mmm! Yeah.

00:24:54.000 --> 00:24:56.233
Pati, voice-over:
60-day corn is an ancient

00:24:56.233 --> 00:24:57.700
seed that is planted

00:24:57.700 --> 00:24:59.833
and ready for harvest
in just 60 days.

00:24:59.833 --> 00:25:03.400
It uses significantly less
water than modern corn.

00:25:03.400 --> 00:25:04.700
I love it.

00:25:04.700 --> 00:25:05.767
It has
that toasty flavor.

00:25:05.767 --> 00:25:07.167
That smoky flavor.

00:25:07.167 --> 00:25:08.567
I've been a part
of the food work

00:25:08.567 --> 00:25:10.433
in the nation
for a while.

00:25:10.433 --> 00:25:12.033
And because of
different things

00:25:12.033 --> 00:25:13.833
that we've gone through
in our history,

00:25:13.833 --> 00:25:15.567
we almost lost a lot
of our food knowledge

00:25:15.567 --> 00:25:17.233
and culture.

00:25:17.233 --> 00:25:20.533
And so we've been working hard
for the past ten years

00:25:20.533 --> 00:25:24.200
to bring a renaissance
of food back

00:25:24.200 --> 00:25:25.667
to the community,

00:25:25.667 --> 00:25:27.033
and a big part of that
is seed saving.

00:25:27.033 --> 00:25:29.867
In our stories,
as O'odham people,

00:25:29.867 --> 00:25:32.700
as desert people,
we see these beans

00:25:32.700 --> 00:25:34.667
as making up
the formation

00:25:34.667 --> 00:25:36.033
of the Milky Way.

00:25:36.033 --> 00:25:38.567
These foods are
an essential part

00:25:38.567 --> 00:25:40.433
of who we are
as O'odham.

00:25:40.433 --> 00:25:42.033
For me, personally,

00:25:42.033 --> 00:25:43.700
growing up and learning
about these foods

00:25:43.700 --> 00:25:45.200
and learning
how to cook them

00:25:45.200 --> 00:25:47.533
meant time
with my grandmothers.

00:25:47.533 --> 00:25:49.167
And so my grandmothers
are gone now,

00:25:49.167 --> 00:25:52.600
and so for me to spend
time with the foods

00:25:52.600 --> 00:25:55.100
and to cook them is
my way of continuing

00:25:55.100 --> 00:25:56.333
to be with them.

00:25:56.333 --> 00:26:01.233
[Music]

00:26:01.233 --> 00:26:02.867
Pati, voice-over:
The Heritage Food Festival

00:26:02.867 --> 00:26:04.700
is another way
to get people

00:26:04.700 --> 00:26:07.833
from inside and outside
Tohono Nation excited

00:26:07.833 --> 00:26:09.700
about traditional foods.

00:26:09.700 --> 00:26:11.700
All right, everybody,
thank you so much

00:26:11.700 --> 00:26:16.000
for joining
the Cooking Competition.

00:26:16.000 --> 00:26:17.667
Pati, voice-over:
Each contestant gets

00:26:17.667 --> 00:26:19.367
a bag of ingredients
and has an hour

00:26:19.367 --> 00:26:21.400
to create a new dish.

00:26:21.400 --> 00:26:23.700
You have cholla buds.

00:26:23.700 --> 00:26:26.333
And you have the white
tepary beans

00:26:26.333 --> 00:26:27.900
and the red tepary beans.

00:26:27.900 --> 00:26:31.700
If it's your first time
using these ingredients,

00:26:31.700 --> 00:26:33.033
that's okay, that's

00:26:33.033 --> 00:26:34.567
your introduction
to the ingredient

00:26:34.567 --> 00:26:36.867
and, hopefully,
it inspires you

00:26:36.867 --> 00:26:39.767
to eat it more,
to utilize it more, uh,

00:26:39.767 --> 00:26:41.567
because that's also
what we want to do,

00:26:41.567 --> 00:26:43.867
is encourage
traditional food

00:26:43.867 --> 00:26:47.167
in our everyday meals
for our family.

00:26:47.167 --> 00:26:49.167
We will start now.

00:26:49.167 --> 00:26:55.700
[Music]

00:26:55.700 --> 00:26:57.667
What are you guys making?

00:26:57.667 --> 00:26:59.033
I'm not sure.

00:26:59.033 --> 00:27:01.267
A mess.

00:27:01.267 --> 00:27:03.267
He thinks he can cook
better than me.

00:27:03.267 --> 00:27:04.533
Who's the better cook?

00:27:04.533 --> 00:27:05.533
Me.

00:27:05.533 --> 00:27:07.000
My wife.

00:27:07.000 --> 00:27:09.667
I guess--I guess we
will find out right now.

00:27:09.667 --> 00:27:10.867
Pati, voice-over:
Some of the contestants

00:27:10.867 --> 00:27:12.500
are members of the tribe,

00:27:12.500 --> 00:27:14.033
and some are visitors
here learning

00:27:14.033 --> 00:27:16.000
and trying
something new.

00:27:16.000 --> 00:27:18.367
I mean, I'm not a part
of that--but, um,

00:27:18.367 --> 00:27:19.900
of the nation,
at the same time,

00:27:19.900 --> 00:27:22.367
I feel pride living
in this area.

00:27:22.367 --> 00:27:23.867
Pati: Paloma.

00:27:23.867 --> 00:27:25.533
Pati, voice-over: Paloma
is making enchiladas

00:27:25.533 --> 00:27:28.067
with a bean sauce
using red tepary beans.

00:27:28.067 --> 00:27:30.367
She's a student at
the University of Arizona

00:27:30.367 --> 00:27:32.700
majoring in food
studies.

00:27:32.700 --> 00:27:35.567
I think, you know,
a lot of us have like lost

00:27:35.567 --> 00:27:37.233
connection to the foods

00:27:37.233 --> 00:27:40.000
that our ancestors had
built relationships with.

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:42.700
But it's like
super powerful

00:27:42.700 --> 00:27:46.567
to, like, see the, um,
you know, that these crops

00:27:46.567 --> 00:27:50.033
are still here,
like, on this land.

00:27:50.033 --> 00:27:51.367
To us, they're
superfoods.

00:27:51.367 --> 00:27:52.767
Yeah?

00:27:52.767 --> 00:27:55.900
And because they're
drought-tolerant

00:27:55.900 --> 00:27:59.600
and, uh, we can grow those
during the Monsoon.

00:27:59.600 --> 00:28:01.900
It doesn't--You don't
have to put out

00:28:01.900 --> 00:28:04.167
a hose to--
to water them.

00:28:04.167 --> 00:28:05.933
Pati, voice-over:
Phyllis Valenzuela is

00:28:05.933 --> 00:28:08.100
a farm chef and a judge
at the competition.

00:28:08.100 --> 00:28:10.567
She's one of the driving
forces behind bringing

00:28:10.567 --> 00:28:12.267
back traditional food.

00:28:12.267 --> 00:28:14.433
I walked around and I asked
the employees, I said,

00:28:14.433 --> 00:28:16.867
"Do you guys eat
what you grow?"

00:28:16.867 --> 00:28:19.333
"No," and I said,
"Well, here you go."

00:28:19.333 --> 00:28:20.567
Since I've been here,

00:28:20.567 --> 00:28:22.100
that's what I've been
doing.

00:28:22.100 --> 00:28:25.367
Everything that comes
out of the garden

00:28:25.367 --> 00:28:26.600
or the larger fields...

00:28:26.600 --> 00:28:28.200
You cook.

00:28:28.200 --> 00:28:30.100
I prepare it and I give
to the employees.

00:28:30.100 --> 00:28:32.600
The elders come in
and they say,

00:28:32.600 --> 00:28:34.033
"I haven't had this food

00:28:34.033 --> 00:28:35.900
since my grandmother
cooked it."

00:28:35.900 --> 00:28:36.833
Oh.

00:28:36.833 --> 00:28:38.433
And I hear that a lot.

00:28:38.433 --> 00:28:40.000
Pati, voice-over: The results
of the competition

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:41.733
were so tasty
and creative.

00:28:41.733 --> 00:28:43.567
But the real victory
for Amy is

00:28:43.567 --> 00:28:46.033
the conversation
and participation.

00:28:46.033 --> 00:28:49.067
But food isn't
the only way

00:28:49.067 --> 00:28:51.267
that younger O'odhams
are reclaiming

00:28:51.267 --> 00:28:52.700
their birthright.

00:28:52.700 --> 00:28:54.267
It's also through fate.

00:28:54.267 --> 00:28:56.900
As a teenager, Amy told
her Catholic grandmother

00:28:56.900 --> 00:28:59.033
she was no longer
attending church.

00:28:59.033 --> 00:29:01.867
That was a little
upsetting to her.

00:29:01.867 --> 00:29:03.367
But, um,

00:29:03.367 --> 00:29:06.567
once we showed her
that we are learning

00:29:06.567 --> 00:29:09.667
our culture, we're also
learning how to pray,

00:29:09.667 --> 00:29:11.067
we're learning
how to sing,

00:29:11.067 --> 00:29:13.200
we're learning more
about who we are

00:29:13.200 --> 00:29:14.433
as O'odham,

00:29:14.433 --> 00:29:15.867
she was happy
about that.

00:29:15.867 --> 00:29:18.533
And her thing was, "As
long as you have faith."

00:29:20.100 --> 00:29:22.700
Are there songs for
when you're planting

00:29:22.700 --> 00:29:24.033
and are there songs

00:29:24.033 --> 00:29:25.433
from when you're
harvesting?

00:29:25.433 --> 00:29:26.867
Yes.

00:29:26.867 --> 00:29:28.867
And what would
the songs be now?

00:29:28.867 --> 00:29:30.567
Well, harvesting songs.

00:29:30.567 --> 00:29:32.033
Do you sing those, too?

00:29:32.033 --> 00:29:33.367
I do.

00:29:33.367 --> 00:29:35.400
Can you share a bit
with me?

00:29:35.400 --> 00:29:36.500
Yes.

00:29:36.500 --> 00:29:40.467
[Sings in native language]

00:29:43.000 --> 00:29:44.667
Pati, voice-over:
The wounds of colonization

00:29:44.667 --> 00:29:46.167
may never fully heal,

00:29:46.167 --> 00:29:48.667
but little by little,
through the passing down

00:29:48.667 --> 00:29:51.167
the food, language
and song,

00:29:51.167 --> 00:29:53.367
the O'odham people
are regaining some

00:29:53.367 --> 00:29:55.033
of what has been lost.

00:29:55.033 --> 00:29:59.000
[Sings in O'odham]

00:30:03.067 --> 00:30:04.667
You've touched my heart.

00:30:04.667 --> 00:30:06.300
It's so beautiful.

00:30:06.300 --> 00:30:09.167
Thank you. Thank you.

00:30:09.167 --> 00:30:15.067
[Music]

00:30:15.067 --> 00:30:16.700
Pati, voice-over:
The nation's traditional

00:30:16.700 --> 00:30:18.400
food may be thousands
of years old,

00:30:18.400 --> 00:30:19.900
but that doesn't mean

00:30:19.900 --> 00:30:23.167
they can't be used
in exciting new ways.

00:30:23.167 --> 00:30:25.400
Fifteen minutes away
from the co-op,

00:30:25.400 --> 00:30:26.967
Borderlands brewery

00:30:26.967 --> 00:30:29.667
in Tucson makes
a killer new blonde ale

00:30:29.667 --> 00:30:32.300
made with the nation's
60-day corn.

00:30:32.300 --> 00:30:34.300
So I have my glass,
it's chilled.

00:30:34.300 --> 00:30:36.133
It's important
that it's chilled.

00:30:36.133 --> 00:30:37.867
Yes, especially
for these beers,

00:30:37.867 --> 00:30:39.833
so want them to be nice,
cold and refreshing.

00:30:39.833 --> 00:30:43.133
So the name of the beer
is Pueblo...

00:30:43.133 --> 00:30:44.167
Viejo.

00:30:44.167 --> 00:30:45.467
Pueblo Viejo.

00:30:45.467 --> 00:30:47.000
Pati, voice-over:
Pueblo Viejo is

00:30:47.000 --> 00:30:49.000
the invention of head
brewer, Ayla Kapahi.

00:30:49.000 --> 00:30:50.367
And there you go,
beautiful,

00:30:50.367 --> 00:30:51.667
you can stop there.

00:30:51.667 --> 00:30:53.533
That is
the perfect pour.

00:30:53.533 --> 00:30:57.167
I am feeling
so good about this,

00:30:57.167 --> 00:30:58.667
I don't even wanna move.

00:30:58.667 --> 00:31:00.500
I know,
it's so beautiful.

00:31:00.500 --> 00:31:02.200
OK, so cheers
to the first one.

00:31:02.200 --> 00:31:03.200
Cheers.

00:31:03.200 --> 00:31:04.233
And the 60-day corn.

00:31:04.233 --> 00:31:05.800
Absolutely.

00:31:08.800 --> 00:31:12.200
It's so delicious.
It's crisp.

00:31:12.200 --> 00:31:17.033
It's a little bit sweet,
it's a little bit earthy.

00:31:17.033 --> 00:31:18.367
Exactly.

00:31:18.367 --> 00:31:19.967
It's delicious,
and light and bright.

00:31:19.967 --> 00:31:22.200
Especially to have
a beer in the desert

00:31:22.200 --> 00:31:25.000
um, along the border, it's--
you know, we want that.

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:32.633
[Music]

00:31:32.633 --> 00:31:33.900
Pati, voice-over:
Breaking new ground

00:31:33.900 --> 00:31:35.667
is nothing new
for the brewery.

00:31:35.667 --> 00:31:38.400
Borderlands is the first
in the state of Arizona

00:31:38.400 --> 00:31:41.300
with an all-female
brew crew.

00:31:41.300 --> 00:31:43.167
Well, crew of two.

00:31:43.167 --> 00:31:46.667
Ayla and Savanna Saldate
run the entire production.

00:31:46.667 --> 00:31:50.333
Some months canning up
to 25,000 beers.

00:31:50.333 --> 00:31:53.800
So it all starts, basically,
with a big pot of oatmeal.

00:31:53.800 --> 00:31:57.533
So we're mixing hot water
and malted barley.

00:31:57.533 --> 00:31:59.667
I know we're making beer,

00:31:59.667 --> 00:32:01.533
but it smells
like morning to me.

00:32:01.533 --> 00:32:03.667
Exactly.

00:32:03.667 --> 00:32:05.667
So this is
roasted barley.

00:32:05.667 --> 00:32:07.467
And it's a local one
that we sourced

00:32:07.467 --> 00:32:09.400
just about an hour
away.

00:32:09.400 --> 00:32:10.500
And this one, you
can kind of taste

00:32:10.500 --> 00:32:12.000
the sweetness,

00:32:12.000 --> 00:32:13.667
It's kind of nutty,
a little bit of, like,

00:32:13.667 --> 00:32:15.133
toffee and biscuit
notes in there. So.

00:32:15.133 --> 00:32:16.233
Yeah.

00:32:16.233 --> 00:32:17.400
It's like granola.

00:32:17.400 --> 00:32:19.667
Exactly.

00:32:19.667 --> 00:32:21.867
Pati, voice-over: Ayla
started from the bottom,

00:32:21.867 --> 00:32:24.833
cleaning floors
and scrubbing kegs.

00:32:24.833 --> 00:32:27.567
She worked her way up
to assistant brewer,

00:32:27.567 --> 00:32:30.800
then head brewer,
and now she's part owner

00:32:30.800 --> 00:32:33.967
and director of production
at Borderlands.

00:32:33.967 --> 00:32:36.967
Ayla: When I started
brewing eight years ago,

00:32:36.967 --> 00:32:40.667
I had never seen
or met anyone

00:32:40.667 --> 00:32:43.500
who looked like me
in this profession.

00:32:43.500 --> 00:32:45.733
Um, and at times,
that had been

00:32:45.733 --> 00:32:48.000
almost a little bit
of a--a lonely journey.

00:32:48.000 --> 00:32:50.200
And, you know, fortunately
now, here we are,

00:32:50.200 --> 00:32:53.800
a decade later,
and we see there are

00:32:53.800 --> 00:32:57.533
about 15 other women
brewing just in Tucson.

00:32:57.533 --> 00:32:59.167
Pati, voice-over:
Ayla hopes to empower

00:32:59.167 --> 00:33:00.367
women and minorities

00:33:00.367 --> 00:33:01.833
in the craft beer
industry

00:33:01.833 --> 00:33:04.333
through education
and collaboration.

00:33:04.333 --> 00:33:05.733
It enriches

00:33:05.733 --> 00:33:07.800
when you diversify
any community.

00:33:09.000 --> 00:33:10.667
Pati, voice-over:
Ayla's other half,

00:33:10.667 --> 00:33:12.233
Savanna Saldate,
started as a bartender,

00:33:12.233 --> 00:33:15.300
but became fascinated
with craft brew culture.

00:33:15.300 --> 00:33:18.000
Savanna: Being able to
work with and for women

00:33:18.000 --> 00:33:20.500
is--is an incredible
experience for me.

00:33:20.500 --> 00:33:22.667
Especially
being minorities

00:33:22.667 --> 00:33:24.967
in multiple senses.

00:33:24.967 --> 00:33:28.000
Tell me about that,
of the senses.

00:33:28.000 --> 00:33:31.667
Um, so, well both
of us being brown,

00:33:31.667 --> 00:33:35.400
Latino origin
and women in general

00:33:35.400 --> 00:33:36.800
is a minority in this--

00:33:36.800 --> 00:33:39.333
in, uh, this industry,
for sure.

00:33:39.333 --> 00:33:42.867
Um, so just being able
to work with somebody

00:33:42.867 --> 00:33:44.833
that you can relate to,
that looks like you,

00:33:44.833 --> 00:33:48.300
that has a similar
background and, um...

00:33:48.300 --> 00:33:49.533
feelings about things

00:33:49.533 --> 00:33:53.067
is just--it's
a relief, honestly.

00:33:53.067 --> 00:33:54.633
Pati, voice-over:
Collaborations

00:33:54.633 --> 00:33:56.833
like Las Hermanas
or The Sisters

00:33:56.833 --> 00:33:58.633
is a program that Ayla

00:33:58.633 --> 00:34:00.667
co-founded that brings
together women brewers

00:34:00.667 --> 00:34:03.167
from both sides
of the border.

00:34:03.167 --> 00:34:05.533
We've brewed with
over 40 women brewers

00:34:05.533 --> 00:34:08.667
in Mexico City
just last month.

00:34:08.667 --> 00:34:10.067
Pati, voice-over:
But collaborating

00:34:10.067 --> 00:34:11.533
with local growers,

00:34:11.533 --> 00:34:13.200
like the Tohono O'odham
nation and others

00:34:13.200 --> 00:34:15.967
is the key to making
her beers stand out.

00:34:15.967 --> 00:34:18.500
We know it's
a sacred ingredient.

00:34:18.500 --> 00:34:20.333
We're so humbled
to be able to work

00:34:20.333 --> 00:34:22.833
with the community
to use this maize.

00:34:22.833 --> 00:34:24.800
And, you know,
the best thing, too,

00:34:24.800 --> 00:34:26.400
is that 60-day corn,
remember,

00:34:26.400 --> 00:34:27.967
it's sustainable.

00:34:27.967 --> 00:34:29.567
Pati, voice-over:
Ayla and Savanna

00:34:29.567 --> 00:34:31.167
are brewing up
many delicious flavors

00:34:31.167 --> 00:34:34.133
of beer like this German
chocolate cake porter.

00:34:34.133 --> 00:34:36.200
It's exactly
what is sounds like.

00:34:36.200 --> 00:34:38.167
It's dessert in a beer.

00:34:38.167 --> 00:34:39.867
Are you ready to try some?

00:34:39.867 --> 00:34:41.333
Yes!

00:34:41.333 --> 00:34:43.500
Remember, this beer
is not quite finished yet.

00:34:43.500 --> 00:34:46.000
I have such
a sweet tooth, you guys.

00:34:46.000 --> 00:34:47.000
So natural.

00:34:47.000 --> 00:34:48.000
Look at this beauty.

00:34:48.000 --> 00:34:49.533
Oh, the smell!

00:34:49.533 --> 00:34:51.300
Yeah, don't forget
to smell it.

00:34:51.300 --> 00:34:52.633
Oh, wow!

00:34:52.633 --> 00:34:53.667
Oh, it smells sweet.

00:34:53.667 --> 00:34:56.433
Oh, it smells chocolatey.

00:34:56.433 --> 00:34:59.933
Mmm! It's so good.

00:34:59.933 --> 00:35:01.833
Oh, wow!

00:35:01.833 --> 00:35:03.467
Oh, yum.

00:35:03.467 --> 00:35:04.600
I taste the chocolate

00:35:04.600 --> 00:35:06.633
and the coffee
so intensely.

00:35:06.633 --> 00:35:08.867
This is dangerous,
you guys.

00:35:08.867 --> 00:35:11.133
This can now be
my morning coffee.

00:35:11.133 --> 00:35:12.300
I know.

00:35:12.300 --> 00:35:13.367
That wouldn't be
a good thing.

00:35:13.367 --> 00:35:14.467
Be careful.

00:35:14.467 --> 00:35:15.533
It is so yummy.

00:35:15.533 --> 00:35:17.867
Salud.
What a treat.

00:35:22.467 --> 00:35:24.800
Pati, voice-over: Not far from
the Tohono O'odham nation,

00:35:24.800 --> 00:35:27.367
whose land and water
is held sacred,

00:35:27.367 --> 00:35:28.700
there's a place

00:35:28.700 --> 00:35:30.000
where people took
from the earth

00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:32.167
until there was
no more to give.

00:35:32.167 --> 00:35:34.033
So they left.

00:35:34.033 --> 00:35:37.133
All that remains are
the ruins of Ruby,

00:35:37.133 --> 00:35:38.633
an abandoned mining town

00:35:38.633 --> 00:35:41.433
deep in the Arizona
wilderness, not far from

00:35:41.433 --> 00:35:43.433
where we hunted
for the chiltepin

00:35:43.433 --> 00:35:45.867
and near
the Mexican border.

00:35:45.867 --> 00:35:47.667
Leslie: This is
a deadly place.

00:35:47.667 --> 00:35:49.833
In fact, the original
sign on the gate was,

00:35:49.833 --> 00:35:51.633
"Trespassers will be shot
on sight."

00:35:51.633 --> 00:35:52.833
So you see
the bullet holes

00:35:52.833 --> 00:35:54.467
in the back end
of the building.

00:35:54.467 --> 00:35:56.467
Yeah.

00:35:56.467 --> 00:35:57.967
Pati, voice-over:
But it's not all ghosts.

00:35:57.967 --> 00:36:00.300
The town has
a population of one.

00:36:00.300 --> 00:36:02.267
Meet caretaker
Leslie Case.

00:36:02.267 --> 00:36:03.967
So two beautiful names.

00:36:03.967 --> 00:36:07.367
I have a Leslie
in a town called Ruby.

00:36:07.367 --> 00:36:08.467
Ruby.

00:36:08.467 --> 00:36:09.800
When you're a gentleman

00:36:09.800 --> 00:36:11.533
and you--and you've been
out too long,

00:36:11.533 --> 00:36:12.933
and you've been
playing cards

00:36:12.933 --> 00:36:14.500
with the guys
and drinking all night,

00:36:14.500 --> 00:36:16.467
you come home
and the only way

00:36:16.467 --> 00:36:17.933
to make your wife happy

00:36:17.933 --> 00:36:21.300
is to name a town
after her.

00:36:21.300 --> 00:36:24.133
And that's how
Ruby got his town.

00:36:24.133 --> 00:36:27.833
So this was a lead mine
or a zinc mine?

00:36:27.833 --> 00:36:29.000
Zinc and lead.

00:36:29.000 --> 00:36:30.767
Zinc and lead
at the same time.

00:36:30.767 --> 00:36:32.133
Right.

00:36:32.133 --> 00:36:35.333
And it was originally gold,
silver, copper and zinc.

00:36:35.333 --> 00:36:37.033
And this was
the actual mine.

00:36:37.033 --> 00:36:39.500
There are several open pits
that are around here.

00:36:39.500 --> 00:36:41.433
It was over-mined.

00:36:41.433 --> 00:36:42.967
They call it
"undermining."

00:36:42.967 --> 00:36:45.500
OK. When it's been
too mined.

00:36:45.500 --> 00:36:47.500
Right, so you don't hike

00:36:47.500 --> 00:36:49.467
on that mountain
because you actually...

00:36:49.467 --> 00:36:51.033
You could fall.

00:36:51.033 --> 00:36:52.467
700 feet into the earth.

00:36:52.467 --> 00:36:54.433
You could think you
have earth there, but...

00:36:54.433 --> 00:36:55.633
This is so deep then.

00:36:55.633 --> 00:36:57.167
It breaks through.

00:36:57.167 --> 00:36:59.133
Pati, voice-over:
At its height, in the 1930s,

00:36:59.133 --> 00:37:00.767
1200 people lived here.

00:37:00.767 --> 00:37:03.800
In 1940, it all ended,
and people had to leave

00:37:03.800 --> 00:37:05.533
at that point, there
would be no mercantile,

00:37:05.533 --> 00:37:07.800
no post office.

00:37:07.800 --> 00:37:10.767
And the mine was closing,
so no work.

00:37:10.767 --> 00:37:12.300
Pati, voice-over:
Ruby's current owners

00:37:12.300 --> 00:37:14.500
have hired caretakers
over the years to give

00:37:14.500 --> 00:37:16.800
tours and prevent vandalism.

00:37:16.800 --> 00:37:18.467
You have to be
a certain way

00:37:18.467 --> 00:37:20.467
to actually take
a job like this.

00:37:20.467 --> 00:37:21.833
It's not easy.

00:37:21.833 --> 00:37:23.700
So you're idea
in the beginning,

00:37:23.700 --> 00:37:26.933
when you took this job,
was to stay for how long?

00:37:26.933 --> 00:37:29.867
I--I had made a commitment
for a year.

00:37:29.867 --> 00:37:32.467
And now I've been
17 months here.

00:37:32.467 --> 00:37:34.133
Pati, voice-over:
What Leslie signed up for

00:37:34.133 --> 00:37:35.467
was taking care of Ruby.

00:37:35.467 --> 00:37:38.533
I think this is
fascinating.

00:37:38.533 --> 00:37:40.367
Pati, voice-over:
But in the process

00:37:40.367 --> 00:37:42.633
she found a new kind
of purpose.

00:37:42.633 --> 00:37:44.667
Pati: We're just three
miles from the border.

00:37:44.667 --> 00:37:47.167
Leslie: Yeah, just to
the right of Montana Peak.

00:37:47.167 --> 00:37:50.300
But you have 70 miles
of treacherous desert

00:37:50.300 --> 00:37:52.700
that they've already crossed
where there was nothing

00:37:52.700 --> 00:37:55.833
but this really
rocky country.

00:37:58.367 --> 00:37:59.600
Pati, voice-over:
She's describing

00:37:59.600 --> 00:38:01.000
the footpaths taken

00:38:01.000 --> 00:38:02.633
by those trying
to cross the border.

00:38:02.633 --> 00:38:04.100
Pati: Every day
you'll find people,

00:38:04.100 --> 00:38:05.467
you'll give them water.

00:38:05.467 --> 00:38:08.367
Yeah, I'm a nurse
by trade and, you know,

00:38:08.367 --> 00:38:09.933
I have to give
first aid to people.

00:38:09.933 --> 00:38:14.300
It's a real, big drive
for me to--to be here.

00:38:14.300 --> 00:38:16.033
By the time
they reach Ruby,

00:38:16.033 --> 00:38:19.967
coyotes say,
"Tucson is five miles."

00:38:19.967 --> 00:38:23.467
And Tucson is 78 miles
from Ruby.

00:38:23.467 --> 00:38:24.833
So when they come up
over the hedge,

00:38:24.833 --> 00:38:28.033
they come here
and they say, "Tucson?"

00:38:28.033 --> 00:38:29.800
And I go, "Oh, no."

00:38:29.800 --> 00:38:31.933
I'm not gonna be
naive enough to say

00:38:31.933 --> 00:38:33.667
that absolutely
every single person

00:38:33.667 --> 00:38:35.000
that crosses
this border is good,

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:36.300
but you know what?

00:38:36.300 --> 00:38:38.600
The majority of them
are so polite

00:38:38.600 --> 00:38:42.033
and so kind and just
very desperate.

00:38:42.033 --> 00:38:43.800
Pati, voice-over:
So many of the lost

00:38:43.800 --> 00:38:45.867
pass through Ruby
that their presence

00:38:45.867 --> 00:38:48.100
has attracted another
kind of person.

00:38:48.100 --> 00:38:50.467
The vigilantes that
actually come in here,

00:38:50.467 --> 00:38:52.300
they actually will tell
you straight up

00:38:52.300 --> 00:38:55.300
that they're hunting
for immigrants.

00:38:55.300 --> 00:38:56.800
And they have done

00:38:56.800 --> 00:38:58.800
everything they can
to try to scare me.

00:38:58.800 --> 00:39:02.600
And so I had to ask
myself, you know,

00:39:02.600 --> 00:39:04.800
"Are you strong enough
to not really become

00:39:04.800 --> 00:39:06.500
afraid of all of that?"

00:39:06.500 --> 00:39:08.467
That has given me
more incentive

00:39:08.467 --> 00:39:11.200
to be here,
you know, uh,

00:39:11.200 --> 00:39:13.800
as a--
as a first aid person.

00:39:13.800 --> 00:39:17.500
We're all humans and I
don't want to allow people

00:39:17.500 --> 00:39:20.600
to think that I'm being
scared off by them.

00:39:23.267 --> 00:39:24.633
Being an Arizona guide,

00:39:24.633 --> 00:39:26.633
I have actually met
lots of people

00:39:26.633 --> 00:39:28.167
from lots
of countries.

00:39:28.167 --> 00:39:30.967
And you know what my
main question is, Pati?

00:39:30.967 --> 00:39:32.167
What?

00:39:32.167 --> 00:39:33.700
What do you make
for dinner?

00:39:33.700 --> 00:39:37.133
Because food is
something that we--

00:39:37.133 --> 00:39:38.867
everybody does it.

00:39:38.867 --> 00:39:42.000
But it's
a cultural thing.

00:39:42.000 --> 00:39:47.967
OK, so we have onion,
garlic, mushrooms,

00:39:47.967 --> 00:39:52.133
carrots, a whole bunch
of roasted jalapeños.

00:39:52.133 --> 00:39:53.767
Yum.

00:39:53.767 --> 00:39:56.533
And this go mixed
into that.

00:39:56.533 --> 00:39:59.367
So it's called
the western...

00:39:59.367 --> 00:40:01.167
Cottage pie.

00:40:01.167 --> 00:40:03.300
I mix this together.

00:40:03.300 --> 00:40:04.600
So it's your veggies,

00:40:04.600 --> 00:40:06.600
your meat
and your potatoes,

00:40:06.600 --> 00:40:08.833
all in one pot?

00:40:08.833 --> 00:40:10.300
Exactly.

00:40:10.300 --> 00:40:12.133
Shall I add
some pepper?

00:40:12.133 --> 00:40:13.467
Yes.

00:40:13.467 --> 00:40:16.867
This is looking
so delicious, Leslie.

00:40:16.867 --> 00:40:18.433
I'm so grateful.

00:40:18.433 --> 00:40:21.267
This is a traditional thing
and it was just so inexpensive

00:40:21.267 --> 00:40:23.567
to feed a lot of people.

00:40:23.567 --> 00:40:24.767
We use this.

00:40:24.767 --> 00:40:26.000
Oh, yeah.

00:40:26.000 --> 00:40:28.967
Because we'll get
that cheese melted.

00:40:28.967 --> 00:40:30.800
Yeah.

00:40:30.800 --> 00:40:33.467
See? Leslie knows
what she's doing.

00:40:33.467 --> 00:40:35.300
So yum.

00:40:35.300 --> 00:40:36.800
Let's see here.

00:40:36.800 --> 00:40:40.333
It looks delicious.
Oh, oh, oh.

00:40:40.333 --> 00:40:42.433
Come see the layers.

00:40:42.433 --> 00:40:45.633
Mmm. It's so comforting.

00:40:45.633 --> 00:40:48.633
And you love heat
as much as me.

00:40:48.633 --> 00:40:52.600
Leslie, this is
incredibly spicy.

00:40:53.933 --> 00:40:55.433
Pati, voice-over:
Not many of us

00:40:55.433 --> 00:40:56.900
could live alone
in a ghost town,

00:40:56.900 --> 00:40:59.900
but Leslie doesn't feel
alone as the path

00:40:59.900 --> 00:41:01.767
she's taken
has made her feel

00:41:01.767 --> 00:41:03.633
like we're
all a family.

00:41:03.633 --> 00:41:05.667
I think you're my sister,
no, I have a family.

00:41:05.667 --> 00:41:07.467
They're standing
right here.

00:41:08.567 --> 00:41:09.967
Pati, voice-over:
Leslie has made an art

00:41:09.967 --> 00:41:13.333
out of making travelers
feel welcome.

00:41:13.333 --> 00:41:15.500
In Nogales, Sonora,
in Mexico,

00:41:15.500 --> 00:41:18.600
is a man who makes art
from his travels.

00:41:18.600 --> 00:41:20.800
[Speaking Spanish]

00:41:23.467 --> 00:41:24.767
Pati, voice-over:
Jose Luis Otero keeps

00:41:24.767 --> 00:41:26.467
black water jugs
in his apartment

00:41:26.467 --> 00:41:27.933
in Nogales, Sonora.

00:41:27.933 --> 00:41:29.333
A visual reminder

00:41:29.333 --> 00:41:30.467
of the hidden trauma
he's faced.

00:41:30.467 --> 00:41:32.733
[Speaking Spanish]

00:41:38.767 --> 00:41:40.433
Pati, voice-over:
Two desperate attempts

00:41:40.433 --> 00:41:42.767
to flee violence
and certain death.

00:41:42.767 --> 00:41:45.933
The second journey
landed him in detention.

00:41:45.933 --> 00:41:48.600
[Speaking Spanish]

00:41:54.633 --> 00:41:56.300
Pati, voice-over:
As a child, José Luis

00:41:56.300 --> 00:41:58.433
watched Bob Ross paint on TV.

00:41:58.433 --> 00:42:01.167
Decades later,
he found his passion.

00:42:01.167 --> 00:42:03.733
[Speaking Spanish]

00:43:01.933 --> 00:43:03.500
Pati, voice-over:
Gia del Pino met José Luis

00:43:03.500 --> 00:43:05.100
at Kino, where she works.

00:43:05.100 --> 00:43:06.600
More than just a shelter,

00:43:06.600 --> 00:43:08.833
Kino offers hundreds
of holistic programs

00:43:08.833 --> 00:43:11.600
to help migrants,
including art.

00:43:11.600 --> 00:43:13.000
Hola, mucho gusto.

00:43:13.000 --> 00:43:14.467
Pati, voice-over:
Today, José Luis is

00:43:14.467 --> 00:43:15.900
an art teacher here,

00:43:15.900 --> 00:43:17.800
helping migrants
express their feelings...

00:43:17.800 --> 00:43:18.833
Excelente.

00:43:18.833 --> 00:43:20.233
Pati, voice-over:
with paint.

00:43:20.233 --> 00:43:22.800
[Speaking Spanish]

00:44:01.667 --> 00:44:03.133
Pati, voice-over:
This group of migrants

00:44:03.133 --> 00:44:04.433
have just arrived at Kino

00:44:04.433 --> 00:44:06.333
and this
is their first class.

00:44:06.333 --> 00:44:08.167
[Speaking Spanish]

00:44:08.167 --> 00:44:10.067
Pati, voice-over:
This boy escaped the threat

00:44:10.067 --> 00:44:12.733
of the cartel with his
mother and two siblings.

00:44:12.733 --> 00:44:16.567
[Speaking Spanish]

00:44:43.967 --> 00:44:45.800
Pati, voice-over:
José Luis has experienced

00:44:45.800 --> 00:44:48.133
first-hand the therapeutic
nature of art

00:44:48.133 --> 00:44:50.600
and encourages travelers
to paint what they've

00:44:50.600 --> 00:44:52.967
experienced
on their journeys.

00:44:52.967 --> 00:44:56.733
[Speaking Spanish]

00:45:14.467 --> 00:45:16.300
Pati, voice-over: Few things
are as satisfying

00:45:16.300 --> 00:45:17.900
as nourishing
a human need.

00:45:17.900 --> 00:45:20.667
For José Luis, it's
healing through art.

00:45:23.833 --> 00:45:27.100
For Lupita León, it's
healing through food.

00:45:27.100 --> 00:45:29.767
[Speaking Spanish]

00:45:31.900 --> 00:45:33.833
Pati, voice-over:
Lupita is a chef at Kino.

00:45:34.967 --> 00:45:37.900
Her warm smile
and incredibly tasty food

00:45:37.900 --> 00:45:40.600
greets weary travelers
every day.

00:45:40.600 --> 00:45:44.067
[Speaking Spanish]

00:46:10.433 --> 00:46:11.733
Pati, voice-over:
Lupita and her family

00:46:11.733 --> 00:46:13.533
migrated to the U.S.

00:46:13.533 --> 00:46:15.600
from Michoacan, Mexico,
with documentation

00:46:15.600 --> 00:46:17.067
looking for better work.

00:46:17.067 --> 00:46:18.533
But after two years
struggling to make

00:46:18.533 --> 00:46:19.933
ends meet,

00:46:19.933 --> 00:46:21.433
they came back
to Nogales, Mexico.

00:46:21.433 --> 00:46:24.533
[Speaking Spanish]

00:46:51.867 --> 00:46:53.567
Pati, voice-over:
When she returned,

00:46:53.567 --> 00:46:55.267
she opened a food stand nearby,

00:46:55.267 --> 00:46:57.600
but also volunteered at Kino.

00:46:57.600 --> 00:46:59.867
And, when the previous
chef retired,

00:46:59.867 --> 00:47:01.933
Lupita was offered
the job.

00:47:01.933 --> 00:47:04.300
[Speaking Spanish]

00:47:17.133 --> 00:47:19.233
Pati, voice-over: Lupita
feeds so many people here

00:47:19.233 --> 00:47:22.067
and has no plans of
going back to the U.S.

00:47:22.067 --> 00:47:24.567
[Speaking Spanish]

00:47:24.567 --> 00:47:26.733
Pati, voice-over: Lupita's
food is a comfort blanket

00:47:26.733 --> 00:47:29.433
for so many searching
for stability.

00:47:29.433 --> 00:47:33.700
[Music]

00:47:33.700 --> 00:47:35.467
[Speaking Spanish]

00:47:36.967 --> 00:47:38.433
Pati, voice-over:
She even fed José Luis

00:47:38.433 --> 00:47:41.200
when he was a guest at Kino.

00:47:41.200 --> 00:47:43.800
[Speaking Spanish]

00:47:47.967 --> 00:47:50.400
Pati, voice-over:
And the world is noticing.

00:47:50.400 --> 00:47:52.033
His art is popping up

00:47:52.033 --> 00:47:54.567
in murals around Nogales
and much farther.

00:47:57.433 --> 00:48:00.900
While he can't cross
the border, his art can.

00:48:00.900 --> 00:48:02.900
Luis Sotero.

00:48:02.900 --> 00:48:04.200
[Applause]

00:48:04.200 --> 00:48:05.867
Pati, voice-over: Gia is
helping him set up shows

00:48:05.867 --> 00:48:07.900
in both Mexico and the U.S.

00:48:07.900 --> 00:48:10.100
hoping that through
his art he can open minds

00:48:10.100 --> 00:48:13.433
and hearts to the story
of the migrants' fight.

00:48:15.100 --> 00:48:17.567
Migrants like José Luis
who choose to cross

00:48:17.567 --> 00:48:19.700
through the Sonoran desert
are traveling

00:48:19.700 --> 00:48:21.367
through one of
the harshest regions

00:48:21.367 --> 00:48:24.067
in the western hemisphere.

00:48:24.067 --> 00:48:25.900
86,000 square miles.

00:48:25.900 --> 00:48:28.933
Temperatures reaching
118 degrees,

00:48:28.933 --> 00:48:31.967
and not a drop
of water in sight.

00:48:31.967 --> 00:48:35.133
Let me help you
with water...

00:48:35.133 --> 00:48:36.900
What can I help you with?

00:48:36.900 --> 00:48:38.400
Pati, voice-over: For 20 years,
the Tucson Samaritans

00:48:38.400 --> 00:48:40.400
have been hiking
into the desert

00:48:40.400 --> 00:48:41.733
including Walker Canyon,

00:48:41.733 --> 00:48:43.733
to leave water
for migrants.

00:48:43.733 --> 00:48:45.933
This is like
a 3.5 mile hike.

00:48:45.933 --> 00:48:49.300
It goes all the way
to the U.S.-Mexico border.

00:48:49.300 --> 00:48:51.400
Um, it's a frequented
migrant trail,

00:48:51.400 --> 00:48:53.733
so we like to leave
water, now that is cold,

00:48:53.733 --> 00:48:58.967
we're leaving blankets
and socks, and food.

00:48:58.967 --> 00:49:00.633
Pati, voice-over: There are
about 400 members

00:49:00.633 --> 00:49:03.700
of the Tucson Samaritans,
all volunteers.

00:49:03.700 --> 00:49:05.400
Gia joined the group

00:49:05.400 --> 00:49:07.733
when she moved to Tucson
three years ago.

00:49:07.733 --> 00:49:10.367
Pati: So what are most
of the stories

00:49:10.367 --> 00:49:14.767
that you find
these days?

00:49:16.900 --> 00:49:19.900
Gia: You know, mostly,
people are--are journeying,

00:49:19.900 --> 00:49:22.033
they're leaving
their home countries

00:49:22.033 --> 00:49:25.300
due to a lot
of violence.

00:49:25.300 --> 00:49:29.133
They're trying to find
security, safety,

00:49:29.133 --> 00:49:31.433
you know,
a more dignified life.

00:49:31.433 --> 00:49:32.867
Pati, voice-over:
Border patrol estimates

00:49:32.867 --> 00:49:36.633
that since 1998,
8000 migrants have died

00:49:36.633 --> 00:49:38.300
trying to cross
the desert.

00:49:38.300 --> 00:49:40.767
It's probably many
more than that,

00:49:40.767 --> 00:49:43.067
still that is not a deterrent.

00:49:43.067 --> 00:49:45.567
Most migrants used
to come from Mexico,

00:49:45.567 --> 00:49:47.400
but now they come
from South America,

00:49:47.400 --> 00:49:48.567
the Caribbean,

00:49:48.567 --> 00:49:51.533
Africa, and even Eastern Europe.

00:49:51.533 --> 00:49:53.300
Pati: What are the most
surprising things

00:49:53.300 --> 00:49:54.567
that you've found?

00:49:56.767 --> 00:49:58.400
Love letters.

00:49:59.800 --> 00:50:02.433
Photos.

00:50:02.433 --> 00:50:04.900
Bibles, rosaries.

00:50:04.900 --> 00:50:06.467
I think they found
something up here.

00:50:06.467 --> 00:50:08.433
They found something.

00:50:08.433 --> 00:50:12.367
We've just noticed that
there's one slipper here.

00:50:12.367 --> 00:50:13.900
It's a traveler's slipper.

00:50:13.900 --> 00:50:15.400
Pati, voice-over:
These carpet-sole booties

00:50:15.400 --> 00:50:16.900
are made
to hide footprints.

00:50:16.900 --> 00:50:18.567
They are one
of the few supplies

00:50:18.567 --> 00:50:20.933
that migrants received
from the coyotes.

00:50:20.933 --> 00:50:23.400
Smugglers who demand
thousands of dollars

00:50:23.400 --> 00:50:24.733
from each migrant.

00:50:24.733 --> 00:50:26.467
Those who survive
spend their lives

00:50:26.467 --> 00:50:28.567
repaying the coyotes
who often lie to them

00:50:28.567 --> 00:50:30.567
and leave them
for dead in the wild.

00:50:30.567 --> 00:50:32.567
Here, these are
border patrol

00:50:32.567 --> 00:50:34.300
just going on
on ATVs.

00:50:34.300 --> 00:50:40.033
[Engine rumbling]

00:50:42.967 --> 00:50:45.567
They're just searching
the terrain to see

00:50:45.567 --> 00:50:47.367
if there is
any migrant activity.

00:50:47.367 --> 00:50:49.700
So you're very cordial
with each other.

00:50:49.700 --> 00:50:51.800
They know your work,
you know their work.

00:50:51.800 --> 00:50:53.933
Yeah, and I think
that's important

00:50:53.933 --> 00:50:55.567
just to reduce harm,

00:50:55.567 --> 00:50:58.867
and allow us to do what
we need to out here.

00:50:58.867 --> 00:51:00.567
We left the water
in the last car.

00:51:00.567 --> 00:51:04.233
So you have the legal right
to provide water...

00:51:04.233 --> 00:51:05.667
Food, aid.

00:51:05.667 --> 00:51:07.367
I think the phrase is

00:51:07.367 --> 00:51:09.200
"further somebody's
illegal presence."

00:51:09.200 --> 00:51:10.567
We can't help

00:51:10.567 --> 00:51:13.433
somebody physically
move further.

00:51:13.433 --> 00:51:15.533
But we can help them
when we encounter them

00:51:15.533 --> 00:51:17.867
or leave things
that they can find.

00:51:17.867 --> 00:51:20.233
It's just relieving pain
and being humane.

00:51:20.233 --> 00:51:22.167
It's preventing deaths.

00:51:22.167 --> 00:51:28.433
[Music]

00:51:28.433 --> 00:51:30.033
Pati, voice-over:
At each water drop,

00:51:30.033 --> 00:51:31.367
volunteers check to see

00:51:31.367 --> 00:51:32.833
what supplies
have been used.

00:51:32.833 --> 00:51:35.367
We usually write
some message of hope.

00:51:35.367 --> 00:51:36.867
When you drop the water,

00:51:36.867 --> 00:51:39.000
you put the date
so that people know...?

00:51:39.000 --> 00:51:40.567
Brian: So that we know
when we come back.

00:51:40.567 --> 00:51:41.700
And so that you know.

00:51:41.700 --> 00:51:43.867
Tell me
about the meaning

00:51:43.867 --> 00:51:46.067
of the messages
in the bottles.

00:51:46.067 --> 00:51:50.033
Yeah, I wrote here,
"Migrar, migrar es amar."

00:51:50.033 --> 00:51:53.600
"Migration,
to migrate is to love."

00:51:53.600 --> 00:51:56.267
"Estamos contigo,"
"We're with you."

00:51:58.167 --> 00:52:00.700
"Que Dios te bendiga,"
"May God bless you."

00:52:00.700 --> 00:52:02.533
Pati, voice-over: For Gia,
this work is personal.

00:52:02.533 --> 00:52:04.700
Her mother is an immigrant
from Venezuela,

00:52:04.700 --> 00:52:07.067
seeking the American Dream
and her father was

00:52:07.067 --> 00:52:09.267
a political prisoner
in Cuba in the '80s

00:52:09.267 --> 00:52:11.433
who sought
asylum in the U.S.

00:52:11.433 --> 00:52:14.567
What drives you to do
this every day, Gia?

00:52:14.567 --> 00:52:16.367
[Speaking Spanish]

00:52:16.367 --> 00:52:18.267
[Laughter]

00:52:20.167 --> 00:52:23.200
No. Sorry.
This is so embarrassing.

00:52:23.200 --> 00:52:25.033
No.
No, no, no.

00:52:25.033 --> 00:52:26.500
Because you're...

00:52:26.500 --> 00:52:29.500
You're so connected
to these stories

00:52:29.500 --> 00:52:31.900
every day,
I've seen you at work.

00:52:31.900 --> 00:52:34.833
It's my calling,
and it's very hard work.

00:52:34.833 --> 00:52:37.267
It's very
emotionally-taxing,

00:52:37.267 --> 00:52:39.400
but it's also
very rewarding.

00:52:39.400 --> 00:52:40.767
The idea of
just families

00:52:40.767 --> 00:52:42.700
and people making
this journey

00:52:42.700 --> 00:52:45.367
and perishing and it's--
it's a preventable death.

00:52:45.367 --> 00:52:47.667
These are-- This is
not meant to happen.

00:52:47.667 --> 00:52:50.233
This is like one small
thing I can do.

00:52:50.233 --> 00:52:52.100
It's not much,

00:52:52.100 --> 00:52:54.333
but sometimes
it's life-saving.

00:52:54.333 --> 00:52:56.100
Pati, voice-over:
As a Mexican immigrant

00:52:56.100 --> 00:52:57.667
fortunate enough to have

00:52:57.667 --> 00:52:59.400
the means and family
support to get a visa,

00:52:59.400 --> 00:53:01.400
and become
a United States citizen,

00:53:01.400 --> 00:53:03.567
I can't help but imagine,

00:53:03.567 --> 00:53:05.533
if circumstances were different,

00:53:05.533 --> 00:53:07.833
what would it take
for me to risk it all

00:53:07.833 --> 00:53:10.667
in this unforgiving desert?

00:53:13.100 --> 00:53:14.500
The transformative nature

00:53:14.500 --> 00:53:16.533
of traveling through
these borderlands

00:53:16.533 --> 00:53:18.700
requires an ability
to hold space

00:53:18.700 --> 00:53:22.000
for all the complexities
it has to offer.

00:53:22.000 --> 00:53:23.667
Look at the sun.

00:53:23.667 --> 00:53:25.100
Pati, voice-over: The light
that shines perfectly

00:53:25.100 --> 00:53:27.600
in the dark corners of reality.

00:53:27.600 --> 00:53:30.533
Parts of me are a little
broken and torn.

00:53:30.533 --> 00:53:33.533
[Sings in O'odham]

00:53:33.533 --> 00:53:35.033
Pati, voice-over:
And parts of me have more

00:53:35.033 --> 00:53:36.433
hope than ever before.

00:53:37.700 --> 00:53:40.667
But all of me is
transformed and awake.

00:53:46.000 --> 00:53:51.700
[Music]