WEBVTT

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My childhood was not very good,

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because at that time
things were more difficult

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than now.

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Sometimes he killed a little bird,

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took it from the bird\'s chest,

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put on angu to give to a little girl

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1 year old.

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We are also going through
a tight situation,

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my pantry is basically empty.

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Raining,

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you will plant your garden,
you will reap.

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You can starve for meat, right?

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But other things don\'t.

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When it stops raining,
there\'s nowhere to buy.

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We learned to enjoy more

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the foods.

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Someone says there is no hunger

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it\'s because they never went hungry.

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Brazil broke a sad record

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last year, that of Brazilians living

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in extreme poverty.

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This situation affects 13,500 million people

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and it is a reflection of the
country that is becoming...

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My wake up time is 5 am.

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5 am to 5:30 am I\'m already awake,

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preparing coffee.

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Make coffee for me and my husband

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and take care of the house, tidy the house.

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I help my son too by cutting palm

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to give to the animals now.

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The routine is fighting all day.

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I got married new.

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Because, at that time, the girls

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thought they had a marriage to live for.

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There was a gentleman here who was rich,

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he had a field of beans.

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I picked those beans, my children were younger,

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stayed at home,

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and that beans we were going to cook

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to eat with what?

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I would soak the corn, grind it.

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Morning, noon and night,

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to eat with that beans.

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You have your children and see your child say:

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\"Mom, I\'m hungry, give me this\",

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and you look everywhere

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and you don\'t see what you\'re going to give them.

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It\'s heartbreaking.

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If you gave it to me, I would eat it.

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If not, I wouldn\'t eat.

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And we ate couscous three times a day.

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Morning, noon and night.

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My son was traumatized.

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When talking about eating couscous:
\"I don\'t eat, mom.

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When I remember that time, it gives me a...

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It gives me something inside.\"

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Then he doesn\'t eat.

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The famous couscous.

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We are here in my house,

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in Itaim Paulista, in the
East Zone of Sao Paulo.

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Far East, actually.

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Here I live since my childhood,

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I live, my mother and my baby Estela.

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I remember as soon as she was born,

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I went back to work, then I was fired,

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then I found out that
she had cerebral palsy,

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I applied for benefits

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through the National Institute
of Social Security

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and I haven\'t received it for a while.

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And, in the meantime, we
had a really hard time.

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Mom is making a delicious porridge.

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You have to let go and
thinking about the child,

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my daughter has one last meal

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and hoping she didn\'t
wake up in the night

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so we can run during the day.

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A while ago, I worked in research,

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my daughter was younger.

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And always informal jobs.

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Due to my situation, as being a special mother,

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I live on minimum wage,

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which is the benefit she receives,

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which allows only for
limited household expenses.

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We fight to never miss anything,

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but I also find myself
in a tight situation

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and that happens.

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It\'s delicious?

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Sometimes you fail
to buy something today,

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you need, because
tomorrow is offer day.

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I don\'t get to despair

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for lack of food,

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because, if we need it,

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there will always be someone to help.

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We avoid these things.

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because we know that no one can,

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nobody has much.

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So we have this part, like, that hurts.

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This is the part that hurts.

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Sometimes we have a representation

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that hunger is always in a distant place,

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far away, a rural area.

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And, in Brazil, it\'s even a stigma

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in relation to the Northeastern Desert.

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When we get the official data from the IBGE,

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approximately 80% of households

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in a situation of food insecurity in the country

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are in urban areas,

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what is approximately the
proportion of households

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in urban and rural areas.

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At the same time,

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which makes the understanding
of the phenomenon more complex,

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the incidence of food
insecurity and hunger

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is bigger in the field.

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But quantitatively, the
number of people is greater

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in a state of food insecurity
and hunger in the cities.

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The first look at hunger
is to understand it

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as a product of social relationships

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and economic conditions of
the world we live in.

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What makes, in a society

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in which there is enough food

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to feed the entire population,

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enough wealth for the entire
population to eat well,

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part of the population
is left without food.

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Another way of looking at hunger

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is to look at hunger as a process.

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From the fear of lack of food,

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until the moment people start

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to reduce the amount of what they eat,

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or change the quality of meals,

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it builds this process, this
continuum, which is hunger.

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The geographer and physician from Recife,

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Josue de Castro, already in the 40s,

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was drawing attention to
something much more common,

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that reaches a lot more people,

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which is partial or hidden hunger.

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People who, even eating every day,

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sometimes they get the feeling

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that they were hungry,

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because, accustomed to a
very restrictive regime,

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They didn\'t even recognize that
they were in that situation.

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It\'s not to stop looking at people

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who are starving,

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because this is a
very serious phenomenon,

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but it\'s also for us to worry

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and look at people who spend a lifetime

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living with this phenomenon that is hunger.

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I know it\'s almost always here.

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When it rains like this, it\'s three months.

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After the thunderstorms comes winter.

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after winter,

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only when it\'s in the thunder season again.

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Like now. Now there\'s no rain there, look.

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More than one month.

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It\'s getting close to two months without water.

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We call there, wait 48 hours.

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48 hours pass and no water.

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But the bill comes to pay.

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I know it always comes as a threat,

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and we get here and hear them talk a lot

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about the lack of water.

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Are you good there?

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one of the fundamental things

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that we need and that we saw need

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was water to drink,

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that we call first water

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of the cisterns from where we

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capture rainwater through the roof.

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And water for production,
which comes from the runoff.

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And your backyard, how is it, Sezuina?

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In the winter season, it
produced well, but now...

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in the sun now, it\'s
not giving anything.

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the cistern has run dry

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and now it doesn\'t plant,
catching a little water like this

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from the cistern of others to water.

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How is it?

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-There\'s nothing.
-It\'s a challenge, right?

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We set up productive backyards,

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installing cost effective
roofs and flower beds

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These beds have

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the purpose of saving water,

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it has a tarp underneath,
so it holds the water.

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So they can produce vegetables.

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They go to fairs and sell their surplus.

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Every Sunday, I was going to the fair,

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sell my lettuces, my coriander.

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It was too good.

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The situation is now bad, because
the cistern has dried up.

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I planted it and there
was nothing ahead.

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Now we have nothing, we
have to buy everything.

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The research carried out by the Brazilian
Institute of Geography and Statistics,

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applying the Brazilian
scale of food insecurity

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allows us to cross data

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on food insecurity with
other socioeconomic data,

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for us to understand better

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how this phenomenon
occurs on a large scale.

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The lower the income bracket,
the higher the indexes.

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of food insecurity and hunger,

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especially families on a budget

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up to one minimum wage,

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and with a per capita budget
of one minimum wage

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We encompass a large part
of the Brazilian population.

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I realize that things I used to do

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a few years ago, the
same value, I can not do.

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Sometimes I have to go
somewhere on the walk,

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because you can\'t pay
10 reais for transport,

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round trip.

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Here I save

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three to four times more,

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because in the market
it is very expensive.

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In addition to labels and tags,
here I get an advantage.

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And I also do shopping divisions.

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I share shopping with friends,

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because it\'s a lot

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and not to lose and always be fresh.

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So we make the shared
purchase of the products.

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There is also a strong correlation

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between hunger and racial issues,

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evidently permeated by income issues.

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So it is the black population that
suffers most from hunger in the country.

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The indices of food insecurity and hunger,

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between blacks and browns, are close to double

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of the white population.

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And also the question of gender, right?

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Women tend to be more affected

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by this phenomenon.

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So, the most intense risk group,

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to the issue of food insecurity
and hunger in Brazil,

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they are families headed
by a black woman.

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In these cases, 60% of
families with this arrangement

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are food insecure.

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It\'s too high.

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Most of the population eats poorly,

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as research by the Institute of
Applied Economic Research indicates.

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According to mapping done by
the Ministry of Citizenship,

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in 2016, almost 430 thousand
children under 5 years old,

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served by the Social
Assistance program, had...

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When we have a special child,

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especially with cerebral palsy,

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It\'s something that no one
knows how to deal with.

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Because we don\'t know
how to react, treat.

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In the first phase, we made
a lot of mistakes in her diet.

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We did the most practical,

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the famous industrialized
baby food, milk,

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that bran.

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We didn\'t know.

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Sometimes, not so much for not having,

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but for not knowing how to choose.

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Many researches have shown

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how mild food insecurity,

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which is a first stage that announces

00:14:40.446 --> 00:14:41.747
food problems,

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is associated with the consumption
of very cheap food.

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So, when the person has
a very restricted budget,

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they tend to resort to very cheap food

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which, in general, are very caloric too.

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Those instant noodles that cost 1 or 2 reais,

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a lot of people have to appeal to them

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to make a meal with this pasta.

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This pasta is high in calories.

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Repeated eating of foods like this

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can produce weight gain.

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So let\'s think of a person who

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first passes through this
stage, from a weight gain

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with foods of very low
nutritional quality,

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and, in the next moment,

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they don\'t even have
access to these foods.

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When you look at them,

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the appearance is: they
have no problems with feeding.

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On the contrary, they could
make smarter choices.

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People tend to blame the poor

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for their choices,

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as if they could make smarter choices

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with that resource that is too small

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for their feeding.

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So this person who has gone
through a weight gain process,

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in the very next moment,

00:15:41.073 --> 00:15:44.910
is living with hunger, with
having to skip a meal,

00:15:44.910 --> 00:15:45.945
is living with a day

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in which ate smaller meals.

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We end up, thus, having
a misery on the table.

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Even though you have a full table,

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you\'re not getting any benefit.

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Here we are starting to
work in the garden again.

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This one is one of the
techniques that we learned

00:16:04.430 --> 00:16:05.798
in permaculture.

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This right here is a spiral of herbs.

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It has holy grass...

00:16:12.504 --> 00:16:16.075
lavender, which I also use in cosmetics.

00:16:17.509 --> 00:16:20.779
A family of basil, carqueja, rosemary.

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and these are the things that we bring,

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that brings the earth to our table.

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We relate this healthy food thing

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to rich people.

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But no... Health can be on the table

00:16:35.094 --> 00:16:36.328
in a good way.

00:16:36.328 --> 00:16:38.330
This has been shown.

00:16:38.330 --> 00:16:40.199
We\'ve had this experience, right?

00:16:40.566 --> 00:16:42.668
My mother has already stopped
taking a lot of medicine,

00:16:42.668 --> 00:16:44.303
changing her feed.

00:16:44.303 --> 00:16:46.472
This is the ora-pro-nobis,

00:16:48.607 --> 00:16:50.209
very famous.

00:16:51.810 --> 00:16:54.913
Known as the meat of the
poor, rich in iron.

00:16:56.882 --> 00:17:00.119
Always pick up with care,
it\'s prickly.

00:17:01.186 --> 00:17:03.389
We don\'t use any medication.

00:17:03.389 --> 00:17:05.557
These days, the pharmacy called:

00:17:05.557 --> 00:17:07.559
\"Where are you, client?\".

00:17:07.893 --> 00:17:10.662
This one is our part of the garden

00:17:10.662 --> 00:17:12.698
which is under maintenance.

00:17:13.332 --> 00:17:15.334
It is made with pallets,

00:17:16.201 --> 00:17:19.138
that we get here in the neighborhood.

00:17:19.772 --> 00:17:21.607
These are the coconuts that we use

00:17:21.607 --> 00:17:23.609
in Estela\'s meals.

00:17:26.311 --> 00:17:28.814
And these are the famous PANCs,

00:17:28.814 --> 00:17:31.216
some unconventional plants.

00:17:31.216 --> 00:17:33.786
We learned to enjoy food more.

00:17:34.353 --> 00:17:36.822
Get some recipes on the internet,

00:17:37.289 --> 00:17:41.593
there are juices that
you make with the peel.

00:17:42.995 --> 00:17:44.930
In nature itself, nothing is lost.

00:17:47.466 --> 00:17:49.768
One of the things that
we also see a lot

00:17:49.768 --> 00:17:50.736
is that...

00:17:50.736 --> 00:17:53.939
the issue is not reusing the food.

00:17:54.306 --> 00:17:58.077
We don\'t know how much wealth
is hidden in the husks, seeds.

00:17:58.911 --> 00:18:01.947
We have a very vague culture

00:18:01.947 --> 00:18:03.982
in food.

00:18:04.950 --> 00:18:08.153
Sometimes, you don\'t mix such
a thing, you don\'t know,

00:18:08.153 --> 00:18:10.522
but the shells are also very rich.

00:18:11.056 --> 00:18:13.358
Due to policy advances

00:18:13.358 --> 00:18:15.928
with regard to food,
Brazil left, in 2014,

00:18:15.928 --> 00:18:18.397
the UN hunger map.
What does that mean?

00:18:18.397 --> 00:18:21.166
Brazil was walking, or
walked through a situation

00:18:21.166 --> 00:18:23.602
in which cases of total starvation

00:18:23.602 --> 00:18:27.906
have been reduced to less
than 5% of the population.

00:18:31.543 --> 00:18:33.312
What we have from 2014 to now is

00:18:33.312 --> 00:18:35.948
a deterioration in employment
and income conditions

00:18:35.948 --> 00:18:37.015
of the population

00:18:37.015 --> 00:18:38.417
that is directly associated

00:18:38.417 --> 00:18:40.152
with the quality of
the population\'s diet.

00:18:40.586 --> 00:18:43.388
So there are already
many researchers pointing

00:18:43.388 --> 00:18:45.457
to the possible return of
Brazil to the hunger map.

00:18:52.297 --> 00:18:54.333
Those who are retired live on retirement.

00:18:54.733 --> 00:18:57.836
And those who are not retired, like my son,

00:18:57.836 --> 00:18:59.171
is the Social Assistance program.

00:18:59.605 --> 00:19:02.207
And if the Social Assistance program
ends, then you\'ll be hungry,

00:19:02.207 --> 00:19:03.308
That\'s where people will die of hunger.

00:19:05.978 --> 00:19:08.347
Because only those who work in
city hall work here.

00:19:08.347 --> 00:19:11.416
Farmers are not paying anyone.

00:19:11.416 --> 00:19:13.819
You don\'t have a job, how
are you going to live?

00:19:14.186 --> 00:19:16.855
Either go out, or else starve.

00:19:16.855 --> 00:19:20.058
And then the job is the young people

00:19:20.058 --> 00:19:21.193
going all to Sao Paulo.

00:19:30.302 --> 00:19:32.671
Here we come with this project

00:19:32.671 --> 00:19:35.407
to show that here, yes, it is possible to live.

00:19:35.407 --> 00:19:39.745
We have a group composed mostly of women

00:19:40.112 --> 00:19:41.813
which also produce cookies.

00:19:42.381 --> 00:19:45.317
We make them see that, in addition to flour,

00:19:45.317 --> 00:19:47.686
cassava can yield other by-products.

00:19:47.686 --> 00:19:49.788
It has been a very important job,

00:19:50.155 --> 00:19:51.723
in income generation,

00:19:51.723 --> 00:19:54.626
because that also gives food security.

00:19:56.461 --> 00:19:59.865
At the moment, we are only
selling in the markets.

00:19:59.865 --> 00:20:01.400
We go to the market

00:20:02.134 --> 00:20:04.336
and, when there is an event,

00:20:04.336 --> 00:20:06.572
we go with the tent and sell it.

00:20:07.039 --> 00:20:09.208
We sell very little.

00:20:14.279 --> 00:20:17.583
Today I only live off of
the Social Assistance program.

00:20:17.849 --> 00:20:18.750
I have no other income.

00:20:18.750 --> 00:20:20.852
Only the Social Assistance program.

00:20:21.253 --> 00:20:25.090
To live off the Social Assistance
program is very difficult.

00:20:25.524 --> 00:20:28.994
I hope that when the factory is built,

00:20:28.994 --> 00:20:31.930
that will improve living conditions

00:20:31.930 --> 00:20:33.498
of some people,

00:20:33.498 --> 00:20:36.134
because I think there will be income,

00:20:36.134 --> 00:20:38.937
it will generate employment.

00:20:39.471 --> 00:20:40.739
The Cookie Club is good.

00:20:41.106 --> 00:20:42.341
The important thing is to make the factory.

00:20:42.341 --> 00:20:44.509
Having the factory, it develops a lot.

00:20:51.383 --> 00:20:54.786
If you have an integral look at the issue

00:20:54.786 --> 00:20:56.088
of food, which goes from production

00:20:56.088 --> 00:20:57.322
until consumption,

00:20:57.322 --> 00:21:00.759
you can think policies in several steps

00:21:00.759 --> 00:21:02.294
of the food system,

00:21:02.794 --> 00:21:04.863
to improve the population\'s diet.

00:21:04.863 --> 00:21:06.832
You don\'t have to invent the
wheel, it\'s already been done.

00:21:06.832 --> 00:21:11.036
For example, the family farm
food purchase program,

00:21:11.036 --> 00:21:12.704
is a way for you to guarantee

00:21:12.704 --> 00:21:14.906
that family farming has a buyer

00:21:15.440 --> 00:21:18.277
for a price that sustains these families,

00:21:18.277 --> 00:21:19.645
in a dignified manner in the field.

00:21:19.678 --> 00:21:22.447
At the same time, producing food for the city.

00:21:22.447 --> 00:21:24.516
National School Feeding Program,

00:21:24.516 --> 00:21:27.419
if you improve the budget
allocated to this program,

00:21:27.419 --> 00:21:28.920
school lunch improves

00:21:28.920 --> 00:21:30.589
and families can count on

00:21:30.589 --> 00:21:32.991
a more balanced diet

00:21:33.125 --> 00:21:34.059
at Schools.

00:21:34.226 --> 00:21:35.494
popular restaurants,

00:21:35.494 --> 00:21:37.729
They serve a meal for 1 real.

00:21:37.996 --> 00:21:39.665
Ideally, we wouldn\'t need to

00:21:39.665 --> 00:21:42.734
rely on such equipment,
but, on the other hand,

00:21:42.734 --> 00:21:44.836
It\'s very important in an
extreme situation, right?

00:21:45.137 --> 00:21:47.105
It\'s an emergency policy

00:21:47.406 --> 00:21:49.875
which can take effect very quickly.

00:21:50.442 --> 00:21:51.977
Not to mention others, right?

00:21:51.977 --> 00:21:53.645
More linked to structural policies.

00:21:53.645 --> 00:21:56.048
So, appreciation of the minimum wage.

00:21:56.281 --> 00:21:57.916
Anyone doing the math

00:21:57.916 --> 00:22:01.119
what a family of four needs to do

00:22:01.119 --> 00:22:02.688
to live on minimum wage

00:22:02.688 --> 00:22:04.690
recognizes that this value is too low.

00:22:05.891 --> 00:22:08.527
The seed can roast, right?
Give it a whirl.

00:22:12.798 --> 00:22:14.032
We are involved with people

00:22:14.032 --> 00:22:16.234
also focused on this thought.

00:22:16.234 --> 00:22:18.403
I\'m also part of a community radio

00:22:18.403 --> 00:22:19.471
here in the neighborhood.

00:22:19.671 --> 00:22:21.206
The radio team also has this

00:22:21.206 --> 00:22:27.245
vision of sustainability, environment,

00:22:27.245 --> 00:22:28.980
of community support.

00:22:29.181 --> 00:22:32.517
The radio itself combines
permaculture with communication.

00:22:33.218 --> 00:22:35.721
And we also send tips on how to plant,

00:22:35.721 --> 00:22:38.523
make a vegetable garden at home, reuse food,

00:22:38.523 --> 00:22:41.760
don\'t waste, seasonal fruits.

00:22:41.760 --> 00:22:42.794
Come on!

00:22:44.496 --> 00:22:45.464
Bye, mom!

00:22:45.464 --> 00:22:46.998
Bye, daughter.
Good bye.

00:22:46.998 --> 00:22:47.799
Goodbye.

00:23:10.555 --> 00:23:11.556
- Is here?
- Yes.

00:23:13.825 --> 00:23:14.493
Hey!

00:23:15.093 --> 00:23:17.295
Millennium Community Radio there, look.

00:23:17.295 --> 00:23:18.397
East Zone Radio.

00:23:18.930 --> 00:23:21.733
Gisele Mabel, straight from Voz do Itaim,

00:23:22.300 --> 00:23:24.469
resuming activities there.

00:23:24.469 --> 00:23:27.005
We also stop using a lot of medication,

00:23:27.005 --> 00:23:29.908
we managed to bring health to the table.

00:23:29.908 --> 00:23:34.212
Reuse is not the rotten, the rest.

00:23:34.613 --> 00:23:37.115
Reuse is for you to enjoy the part

00:23:37.115 --> 00:23:40.952
that you pantry from fruit or vegetables,

00:23:40.952 --> 00:23:43.555
which is also very rich in nutrients.

00:23:43.555 --> 00:23:48.226
How do you expect young
people to compete with others

00:23:48.226 --> 00:23:50.195
if they don\'t have a decent diet,

00:23:50.195 --> 00:23:51.463
they don\'t have a sleep,

00:23:51.463 --> 00:23:53.298
they have learning difficulties

00:23:53.298 --> 00:23:55.600
because it\'s also all about food.

00:23:56.334 --> 00:23:59.671
There is a discourse of
controlling social spending,

00:23:59.671 --> 00:24:01.506
of cuts in social spending,

00:24:01.506 --> 00:24:04.643
which is very worrying for a country

00:24:04.643 --> 00:24:10.182
had 22.6% of households

00:24:10.182 --> 00:24:11.616
in a situation of food insecurity.

00:24:11.950 --> 00:24:13.552
We need to increase social spending,

00:24:13.552 --> 00:24:14.586
don\'t diminish them.

00:24:14.586 --> 00:24:17.189
Let\'s finish here.

00:24:17.189 --> 00:24:19.391
Goodnight!
See you tomorrow.

00:24:20.826 --> 00:24:21.793
Even though everything is dry,

00:24:54.359 --> 00:24:57.295
when everything is green, Hail Mary!

00:24:57.295 --> 00:24:58.663
I get up early in the morning,

00:24:58.663 --> 00:25:01.199
I\'m going to say good morning to my plants.

00:25:02.000 --> 00:25:04.503
\"Good morning, my friends! Good morning!\"

00:25:05.437 --> 00:25:09.474
Because it\'s something... it also has life.

00:25:10.275 --> 00:25:12.344
The semiarid is only bad a little because of the rain.

00:25:12.344 --> 00:25:14.846
But here I feel better

00:25:14.846 --> 00:25:16.648
than if I were to live in the city.

00:25:17.716 --> 00:25:18.683
I did not want.

00:25:18.683 --> 00:25:20.819
If I had my kids all around me

00:25:21.453 --> 00:25:23.488
there was nothing better

00:25:24.022 --> 00:25:25.690
than living here, no.

00:25:27.158 --> 00:25:28.994
I feel very happy here.

00:25:47.913 --> 00:25:58.790
Sao Paulo is the second state in quantity of households
in food insecurity situation, behind Bahia state.

00:26:00.325 --> 00:26:11.236
In 2017, more than 5.2 million Brazilians spent
at least one whole day without consuming food.