The Year of the Discovery

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Winner of two GOYA AWARDS®, The Year of the Discovery explores the contradictions lived in Spain in 1992. In this pivotal year, Spain celebrated both the Olympic Games in Barcelona and the quincentenary of Columbus’s arrival in the Americas in Sevilla, presenting the country as an emerging new democracy to the international community. In the meantime, workers in Cartagena protested a threat to industrial jobs with an uprising that culminated in the burning of the regional parliament.

Shot on Hi-8 videotape entirely within a smoky bar in the city of Cartagena, through one-on-one interviews, complex split-screen compositions, and subtle manipulations of time, Luis López Carrasco’s documentary offers a vivid counternarrative to the official history; one in which industrial labor’s toll on the body and the brutal fracturing of communities testifies against a national mythology of progress.

"It is a river of astonishingly fluid language (...) whose formal beauty and its ambitious split-screen device serve to resonate (...) the last bursts of the working class of southern Spain at the time of its deindustrialization." - Libération

"What emerges is a prodigy: the artifact, not only documentary, more surprising and even essential that Spanish cinematography has produced in a long time." - El Mundo

"Built stone by stone, or testimony to testimony, "The Year of Discovery" is a wall of resistance against the forgetfulness, fear and silence of the workers of a country in crisis." - El País

"The testimonies of Cartagena people who lived through the struggles of 1992, experiencing police brutality along with disillusionment with the neoliberal policies of the supposedly "socialist" government are articulate, vivid and attractive." - The Hollywood Reporter

"An overflowing work, with a monumental character and a panoramic image that is multiplied thanks to a permanent split screen." - Cinemanía

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Main credits

López Carrasco, Luis (film director)
López Carrasco, Luis (screenwriter)
López Carrasco, Luis (film producer)
Liarte, Raúl (screenwriter)
Ferrón, Luis (film producer)

Other credits

Cinematography, Sara Gallego Grau; editing, Sergio Jiménez z Barranquero.

MARC Record See Worldcat record

Keywords

Politics,social,Spain,90's,Goya award winner,history,context,narrative,past,chronicle,lore,annals,historic,personal history,archive,record,saga,biography,memoir,study,iberian studies,iberian peninsula,mediterranean,andorra,spain,portugal,andorra studies,spanish studies,portuguese studies,political science,micropolitics,macropolitics,political theory,political education,political movements,political thinking,political criticism,poly sci,polysci,political sci,political sciences,political history,history of politics,political systems,sociology,anthropology,psychology,sociological,sociological perspectives,conflict theory,human conflicts,sociological thinking,conflict perspective,topics in sociology,sociology topics,sociology studies,social studies,people and cultures,human relations,human relationships,cultural studies,culture studies ,economics,social class,money,capital,capitalism,class,economy,prejudice,intersectionality,inequality,poverty,income gap,wage gap,class warfare,elitism,snobbery,bourgeois,poverty,upper class,middle class,lower class,nouveau riche; "The Year of the Discovery"; Pragda Films

00:00:40.583 --> 00:00:43.708
In 1992 in Spain the Barcelona Olympic Games
and the Seville Expo were held,

00:00:43.875 --> 00:00:47.000
linked to the celebration of the 5th Centenary
of the Discovery of America.

00:00:47.167 --> 00:00:50.417
After the death of the dictator Franco in 1975
and the Transition to democracy,

00:00:50.583 --> 00:00:54.083
the country had been governed for ten years
by the Spanish Socialist Workers Party.

00:00:54.250 --> 00:00:58.250
Spain is presented to the international community
as a modern, developed and dynamic country.

00:00:58.417 --> 00:01:02.167
That same year, the industrial crisis that
swept the country fell on the city of Cartagena,

00:01:02.333 --> 00:01:04.000
placing up to 15,000 jobs in danger.

00:01:04.167 --> 00:01:07.708
The growing tension among citizens and the union
response caused a chain of mobilizations

00:01:07.875 --> 00:01:10.708
that would result in a mass uprising
against police on February 3rd.

00:01:10.875 --> 00:01:13.750
The pitched battle would culminate
in the throwing of incendiary bombs

00:01:13.917 --> 00:01:16.458
that would burn the parliament
of the Autonomous Community.

00:01:21.625 --> 00:01:23.708
It was a dream I've had
a number of times...

00:01:25.042 --> 00:01:27.417
Maybe at least three or four.

00:01:29.042 --> 00:01:31.125
I'm the protagonist,
in the present day,

00:01:31.292 --> 00:01:33.083
the way I am now.

00:01:34.000 --> 00:01:36.000
I see myself,
not really knowing why,

00:01:36.167 --> 00:01:37.917
walking to my school,

00:01:38.042 --> 00:01:40.792
here in Cartagena: Quitapellejos.

00:01:40.958 --> 00:01:44.083
It's a pretty school,
amid the mountains.

00:01:44.250 --> 00:01:45.708
A very old school,

00:01:46.000 --> 00:01:48.208
surrounded by a kind of forest.

00:01:50.875 --> 00:01:54.583
I'm walking the path I walked
to school as a boy.

00:01:55.167 --> 00:01:58.375
But it's all foggy,
a very low fog,

00:01:58.583 --> 00:02:01.250
almost like a Scottish landscape or...

00:02:03.333 --> 00:02:07.333
I'm walking, walking,
and as I get to the school gate

00:02:07.542 --> 00:02:10.417
already as I'm climbing the hill

00:02:10.625 --> 00:02:13.750
I see a huge German Shepherd
barking at the gate.

00:02:14.167 --> 00:02:17.417
But when I reach the gate,
the German Shepherd stops barking,

00:02:17.625 --> 00:02:21.417
and almost invites me in.

00:02:21.625 --> 00:02:23.458
The gate is half open.

00:02:25.583 --> 00:02:29.333
Out of curiosity I go inside
and I see it's still foggy,

00:02:29.542 --> 00:02:33.625
the German Shepherd comes too,
there's no one there...

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I keep going...

00:02:35.667 --> 00:02:37.417
and I get to a courtyard,

00:02:37.625 --> 00:02:39.583
the yard we played in as kids.

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and I start to see people around me:

00:02:44.500 --> 00:02:47.125
relatives, a dead friend...

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Their faces had aged.

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With wrinkles, white hair...

00:02:57.708 --> 00:03:00.333
and I see a very old man,
down the end.

00:03:00.542 --> 00:03:03.333
And I go over to talk to him.

00:03:05.625 --> 00:03:08.999
I have a strange conversation,
I say to him:

00:03:10.708 --> 00:03:14.250
'It's weird, isn't it?
The people here...

00:03:14.417 --> 00:03:17.125
look like they're really...

00:03:17.417 --> 00:03:21.250
Kind of annoyed, right?
Why is everyone like this?'

00:03:21.417 --> 00:03:26.583
He says: "Don't you know
why you're here?"

00:03:26.750 --> 00:03:28.417
I say: "No, I don't.
I see everyone here,

00:03:28.625 --> 00:03:30.999
some I know,
but they've aged..."

00:03:32.792 --> 00:03:37.208
Just then, I realize that
they're all dead,

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I run to the gate, which was
half open, to get out,

00:03:40.792 --> 00:03:42.417
and gate is closed.

00:03:45.792 --> 00:03:46.875
Then I wake up.

00:04:04.667 --> 00:04:08.667
THE YEAR OF DISCOVERY

00:04:42.250 --> 00:04:47.083
ALTHOUGH I DON'T REMEMBER IT,
I EXPERIENCED IT

00:04:51.875 --> 00:04:54.583
You laugh, but your laugh
is like "shit", you know?

00:04:54.750 --> 00:04:55.750
-Fake.
-Shit.

00:04:57.750 --> 00:04:59.875
You know you'll stay out
your parents will get mad,

00:05:00.000 --> 00:05:02.250
but we're too far gone
for you say no to us.

00:05:02.417 --> 00:05:03.958
Give me that!

00:05:05.292 --> 00:05:06.542
You've reached a point

00:05:06.708 --> 00:05:08.750
where in your own bar
they're pulling beers for you.

00:05:09.458 --> 00:05:10.792
Hey, get wasted!

00:05:41.792 --> 00:05:44.333
But I like Zentral, and Zentral...

00:05:52.333 --> 00:05:54.000
Where'd Raúl get to?

00:05:54.167 --> 00:05:55.292
He went for cigarettes.

00:05:56.458 --> 00:05:58.833
And now he'll never come home.

00:05:58.999 --> 00:06:01.583
He's gone for cigarettes
and left us here with this shit!

00:06:01.750 --> 00:06:05.333
I'll tell him to roll a joint.

00:06:06.875 --> 00:06:08.750
Pablo, make yourself a joint!

00:06:12.917 --> 00:06:13.999
Raúl!

00:06:14.125 --> 00:06:15.458
Come here, handsome!

00:06:15.667 --> 00:06:17.292
You bastards, you fuckers...

00:06:18.999 --> 00:06:20.667
You got friends for that,

00:06:20.833 --> 00:06:22.625
it's your bar and they're
pulling beers for you.

00:06:23.625 --> 00:06:25.167
Raúl, have you got vermouth?

00:06:26.000 --> 00:06:28.375
-You had it and you said nothing!
-No, no. Mixed drinks.

00:06:28.583 --> 00:06:30.333
I said you could get highballs,

00:06:30.542 --> 00:06:32.000
a barrel of beer and that's it.

00:06:32.167 --> 00:06:33.542
You're treating us?

00:06:35.250 --> 00:06:36.875
Is it your birthday?

00:06:37.875 --> 00:06:39.042
I have to work tomorrow,

00:06:39.208 --> 00:06:40.792
so at some point we have to go.

00:06:40.958 --> 00:06:41.958
Seriously?

00:06:47.042 --> 00:06:50.583
Fucking hell, fuck...!
Fucking hell!

00:06:51.250 --> 00:06:52.375
You want a drink?

00:06:52.583 --> 00:06:54.833
Yeah, man.
Pablo, listen to this song.

00:06:55.958 --> 00:06:57.750
It's S.A., man.

00:06:57.917 --> 00:07:00.958
Soziedad Alkohólica, I know them,
I've seen them live twice.

00:07:01.083 --> 00:07:02.792
Right, man, but I mean...

00:07:03.750 --> 00:07:05.917
My mum smoked these cigarettes.

00:07:06.042 --> 00:07:07.958
I started smoking on Ducados...

00:07:08.083 --> 00:07:11.625
And I threw hers down the drain.

00:07:11.792 --> 00:07:12.792
No, no, no, no!

00:07:12.958 --> 00:07:14.833
No, it's my mum's.

00:07:16.792 --> 00:07:19.750
My mum smoked these,
I threw them down the drain,

00:07:19.917 --> 00:07:21.042
and she beat the shit out of me.

00:07:23.292 --> 00:07:27.083
Because she smoked loads
and I hated it.

00:07:27.250 --> 00:07:29.208
8 years old, I smoked
Ducados dark tobacco.

00:07:30.667 --> 00:07:31.750
My mum always smoked dark...

00:07:31.917 --> 00:07:33.708
In my house there was only
Ducados dark tobacco.

00:07:33.875 --> 00:07:35.250
If you wanted to be a adult...

00:07:37.667 --> 00:07:39.833
You saw adults smoking...

00:07:39.999 --> 00:07:43.083
The first cigarette I smoked was this.

00:07:43.250 --> 00:07:44.333
It was like this.

00:07:44.542 --> 00:07:48.999
Of course, alcohol.
And what's alcohol?

00:07:49.125 --> 00:07:51.042
It's necessary for us.

00:07:52.083 --> 00:07:53.875
But I try not to drink alone.

00:07:54.000 --> 00:07:55.625
I always try to drink with someone.

00:07:57.042 --> 00:07:59.999
I don't drink alone,
I try not to overdo it.

00:08:00.125 --> 00:08:01.583
Some people drink alone.

00:08:05.667 --> 00:08:10.292
I'm an alcoholic
but I don't want to cross that line.

00:08:10.458 --> 00:08:14.542
But I think that crossing the line
can lead you to other things, you know?

00:08:14.708 --> 00:08:18.375
It doesn't have to.
I love getting home from work

00:08:18.542 --> 00:08:22.333
and having a beer
or a little wine.

00:08:22.542 --> 00:08:25.000
-That's normal.
-I do it alone, eh?

00:08:25.167 --> 00:08:27.208
Sure, but I don't have highballs
alone at home.

00:08:27.375 --> 00:08:30.750
That's different, it's like snorting
a line, getting wasted alone.

00:08:31.958 --> 00:08:37.875
When you get home and have a beer
it's just breaking the routine...

00:08:43.999 --> 00:08:46.999
Why? You relate beer with leisure.

00:08:47.125 --> 00:08:50.792
I have a beer and I relax

00:08:50.958 --> 00:08:52.833
because I'm having a beer, right?

00:08:52.999 --> 00:08:55.583
I don't care, pour it.

00:09:00.083 --> 00:09:01.625
You need anything?

00:09:01.792 --> 00:09:03.083
You're shitty friends.

00:09:03.250 --> 00:09:05.999
Sure we are, man!

00:09:22.999 --> 00:09:24.708
Have you seen where the skip is today?

00:09:27.583 --> 00:09:28.917
Good morning, Regino!

00:09:30.542 --> 00:09:32.167
It's there in...

00:09:33.625 --> 00:09:35.708
-Good morning.
-Hi, good morning.

00:09:37.833 --> 00:09:40.250
-Good morning.
-Hi, buddy. Good morning.

00:09:51.875 --> 00:09:55.167
Here, the tomato tongs.

00:09:57.000 --> 00:09:58.167
With butter.

00:10:00.375 --> 00:10:01.750
María, good morning.

00:10:06.708 --> 00:10:08.042
Here, young man.

00:10:11.333 --> 00:10:12.750
Here.

00:10:19.917 --> 00:10:22.167
Thanks. See you later.

00:10:22.333 --> 00:10:24.333
A glass of water?
One? Two? How many?

00:10:24.542 --> 00:10:26.583
-For her, just one.
-A little one.

00:10:31.708 --> 00:10:33.958
Half a roll with butter and jam

00:10:34.083 --> 00:10:35.667
for the boy...

00:10:36.625 --> 00:10:38.125
and half with tomato.

00:10:38.292 --> 00:10:39.792
The usual, right?

00:10:42.250 --> 00:10:46.083
Two whole ones? With butter?

00:10:46.250 --> 00:10:48.542
Now the weekly column
of José Ibarra,

00:10:48.708 --> 00:10:49.667
when you wish.

00:10:49.833 --> 00:10:52.625
It was discovered years ago by
the historian from Cartagena

00:10:52.792 --> 00:10:55.958
Alfonso Grandal,
he brought to light

00:10:56.083 --> 00:10:57.958
a surprising linguistic fact

00:10:58.083 --> 00:11:02.333
that in Cartagena they spoke
Catalan for 300 years.

00:11:02.542 --> 00:11:05.792
From 1300 to 1600.

00:11:05.958 --> 00:11:08.667
Although the reconquest
of our lands was claimed

00:11:08.833 --> 00:11:12.375
by the Castilian King Alfonso X
in the late 13th century,

00:11:12.583 --> 00:11:15.542
in fact our region was repopulated

00:11:15.708 --> 00:11:18.333
with people under
the crown of Aragón,

00:11:18.542 --> 00:11:22.250
that is, Catalans, Aragonese,
Mallorcans and Valencians

00:11:22.417 --> 00:11:25.792
who left us their language,
and with it, beautiful words

00:11:25.958 --> 00:11:30.083
that we in Cartagena inherited
and still have 400 years later,

00:11:30.250 --> 00:11:33.625
not knowing that in fact
they're Catalan words.

00:11:33.875 --> 00:11:38.750
So the Cartagena natives don't eat
peas, green beans or capers,

00:11:38.917 --> 00:11:42.042
but pésoles, bajocas and tápenas.

00:11:42.208 --> 00:11:44.458
The southwest wind is the lebeche,

00:11:44.667 --> 00:11:46.792
the southeast wind, the jaloque,

00:11:46.958 --> 00:11:48.999
and thunder is a llampo.

00:11:49.125 --> 00:11:52.708
This person has certainly bathed
at some time in Calarreona,

00:11:52.875 --> 00:11:55.333
in Calblanque,
has seen Grosa Island...

00:11:55.542 --> 00:11:58.792
And we all know if we say
"leja" outside of Cartagena

00:11:58.958 --> 00:12:02.000
to refer to shelves,
they don't understand us,

00:12:02.167 --> 00:12:06.250
for they don't know in Castile
that it comes from the Catalan "lleixa".

00:12:06.417 --> 00:12:09.750
Thus, old Catalan appears everywhere.

00:12:15.792 --> 00:12:19.208
Work's a mess because of
an order of metal plates,

00:12:20.333 --> 00:12:25.042
and now we have to work today
and tomorrow until midnight.

00:12:25.208 --> 00:12:28.875
I've got two guys there going at it.

00:12:29.000 --> 00:12:31.792
Fuck, what a bummer.
What are you doing now?

00:12:31.958 --> 00:12:34.125
Now we're cutting joins.

00:12:35.042 --> 00:12:39.000
I got a metal plate to cut too,
for the moulds.

00:12:42.125 --> 00:12:45.875
They're about 30 metres.

00:12:48.292 --> 00:12:53.083
Imagine it, half the workshop
with these huge plates.

00:12:53.250 --> 00:12:54.417
Some packages like this.

00:12:54.625 --> 00:12:57.208
But who's working now?
You, those guys...

00:12:57.375 --> 00:13:01.167
Me, my co-worker, who's permanent,
and one other kid.

00:13:01.333 --> 00:13:02.833
But is the kid casual?

00:13:02.999 --> 00:13:05.208
With this I'm pretty happy.

00:13:11.167 --> 00:13:13.917
So, Mum, will they call you?

00:13:15.083 --> 00:13:15.958
About your sight?

00:13:16.083 --> 00:13:18.458
They couldn't take out the stitches.

00:13:18.667 --> 00:13:20.083
It has to be in an operating theatre.

00:13:20.250 --> 00:13:22.458
They took out stitches inside your eye?

00:13:22.667 --> 00:13:26.292
They took out three,
but the others are very deep...

00:13:26.458 --> 00:13:27.999
It's swollen.

00:13:28.750 --> 00:13:30.833
It burst.

00:13:30.999 --> 00:13:32.999
My eye busted open.

00:13:33.125 --> 00:13:34.958
Her eyeball burst.

00:13:35.875 --> 00:13:37.042
Can you see alright?

00:13:37.833 --> 00:13:39.667
No, because she hasn't...

00:13:39.833 --> 00:13:41.042
Out of the other, yes.

00:13:41.208 --> 00:13:42.583
She lost the iris...

00:13:42.750 --> 00:13:45.750
She wore lenses because
she had a cataracts operation,

00:13:45.917 --> 00:13:47.792
and the lens was like a guillotine.

00:13:47.958 --> 00:13:51.999
It burst the eye.

00:13:52.125 --> 00:13:53.999
So she doesn't wear the lens.

00:13:54.125 --> 00:13:55.917
They have to put it in again.

00:13:56.042 --> 00:13:57.542
But to take out the stitches,

00:13:57.708 --> 00:14:01.458
an eye burst,
the stitches were behind.

00:14:01.667 --> 00:14:03.375
What could it have been?

00:14:03.583 --> 00:14:06.792
She fell on the night table,
she got 9 stitches on her eyebrow.

00:14:07.750 --> 00:14:10.292
I went to get out of bed.

00:14:10.458 --> 00:14:11.708
You're in the wars!

00:14:12.792 --> 00:14:14.167
If you only saw...

00:14:14.542 --> 00:14:16.292
She was covered in blood.

00:14:16.875 --> 00:14:18.042
With him? No.

00:14:18.208 --> 00:14:20.083
I've been calling him, but...

00:14:20.250 --> 00:14:22.750
He says things are tight.

00:14:22.917 --> 00:14:26.750
He's waiting to see if
something comes up, but no.

00:14:26.917 --> 00:14:28.083
I'm looking other places,

00:14:28.250 --> 00:14:30.250
tomorrow I'll see about
a job in the industrial estate

00:14:30.417 --> 00:14:32.875
a friend told me about,
in scaffolding,...

00:14:33.000 --> 00:14:35.792
I'll take a CV and see.

00:14:35.958 --> 00:14:38.792
You told me
you were working in Alhama

00:14:38.958 --> 00:14:42.125
but most of the staff
had left for Lo Pagán...

00:14:42.292 --> 00:14:43.583
Yes, Lo Pagán.

00:14:43.750 --> 00:14:48.250
They left me alone there,
to make a living.

00:14:50.167 --> 00:14:53.125
Exactly, I get up at 5 or 6
in the morning...

00:14:53.958 --> 00:14:56.750
The women work, get paid,
the normal thing...

00:14:57.250 --> 00:14:58.667
is to get paid.

00:14:58.833 --> 00:15:01.292
You were good to them...

00:15:01.458 --> 00:15:04.958
Me? Not good, very good.

00:15:06.583 --> 00:15:08.583
So, look, girl,

00:15:08.750 --> 00:15:10.875
things go only one way:

00:15:11.000 --> 00:15:13.417
You have to pay up, otherwise...

00:15:14.583 --> 00:15:16.542
Everyone who works
wants to get paid.

00:15:16.708 --> 00:15:18.875
Or do you go there
for the love of it?

00:15:19.000 --> 00:15:20.083
I'll tell you one thing.

00:15:20.250 --> 00:15:22.000
If I have no money,
I don't go to a bar for breakfast.

00:15:22.167 --> 00:15:23.792
Hey, in some circumstances...

00:15:23.958 --> 00:15:25.875
someone might tell you
they're light on cash.

00:15:26.000 --> 00:15:27.875
It's cheaper for me
to buy a litre of milk.

00:15:29.083 --> 00:15:32.708
And bread,
and you make toast at home.

00:15:32.875 --> 00:15:36.667
But look, I don't want
to hear stories.

00:15:36.833 --> 00:15:40.250
No, but on the subject,

00:15:40.417 --> 00:15:42.125
your mother said
"then you criticize..."

00:15:42.292 --> 00:15:43.750
I don't put anyone down,

00:15:44.583 --> 00:15:47.792
but it pisses me off

00:15:47.958 --> 00:15:52.042
to see people laughing at me
to top it off.

00:15:52.208 --> 00:15:54.583
No bastard laughs at me.

00:15:56.083 --> 00:15:58.417
I could rip their eyes out...

00:16:01.083 --> 00:16:02.250
Amazing...

00:16:02.417 --> 00:16:05.333
What I saw there was indescribable.

00:16:06.750 --> 00:16:09.333
What happened?

00:16:11.667 --> 00:16:14.250
What didn't happen?
Nothing good.

00:16:15.625 --> 00:16:17.792
These kids...

00:16:19.375 --> 00:16:21.250
The first day...

00:16:21.417 --> 00:16:24.250
The last to arrive
are given the hardest classes.

00:16:24.417 --> 00:16:25.708
My profession's not like surgeons.

00:16:25.875 --> 00:16:27.458
Hard operations are given
to the most experienced.

00:16:27.667 --> 00:16:29.667
In my job, it's the least experienced,

00:16:29.833 --> 00:16:32.083
the new one gets the worst of it.

00:16:32.250 --> 00:16:34.542
My first-grade class was tough.

00:16:34.708 --> 00:16:36.625
The youngest, the liveliest,

00:16:36.792 --> 00:16:41.000
and the biggest group
in the school, 16 of them.

00:16:41.167 --> 00:16:43.958
Normally there were groups of 6.

00:16:44.792 --> 00:16:49.333
You could be shaking
when you went to this class.

00:16:50.917 --> 00:16:53.083
And the first day,

00:16:53.250 --> 00:16:56.917
one little girl, with the face of
an old lady, but 6 years old...

00:16:57.958 --> 00:17:00.208
I gave her the scissors
to put up their names.

00:17:00.375 --> 00:17:03.292
I was told they couldn't write.

00:17:03.458 --> 00:17:06.125
You usually can at 6.

00:17:06.292 --> 00:17:09.875
I gave them out their names.

00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:11.999
This girl took out a sandwich...

00:17:12.125 --> 00:17:16.708
and started making circles
with the sandwich bag.

00:17:18.833 --> 00:17:20.708
I'm from La Unión

00:17:20.875 --> 00:17:22.292
so I know what those bags are for.

00:17:22.458 --> 00:17:24.542
They're for selling drugs.

00:17:24.708 --> 00:17:26.917
They're bags they give out,

00:17:27.042 --> 00:17:28.542
with whatever kind of drugs,

00:17:28.708 --> 00:17:30.333
I know there could be cocaine.

00:17:33.167 --> 00:17:36.708
The girl gave me a defiant look...
6 years old.

00:17:36.875 --> 00:17:38.375
Provoking me.

00:17:38.583 --> 00:17:40.999
I said to her... I took a breath.

00:17:41.958 --> 00:17:43.999
I'm not kicking up a fuss
because there's no point.

00:17:44.125 --> 00:17:45.333
I said to her:

00:17:45.542 --> 00:17:47.875
"Do that if you want,

00:17:48.000 --> 00:17:49.375
but you'll lose your hanger
and your table."

00:17:49.583 --> 00:17:51.208
This little thug

00:17:51.375 --> 00:17:52.583
was taller than the others

00:17:52.750 --> 00:17:54.167
and when she was about
to lose her hanger,

00:17:54.333 --> 00:17:56.333
she cut out her name,
pushed through

00:17:56.542 --> 00:17:58.542
and took the hanger
and table she wanted.

00:17:58.708 --> 00:18:00.333
That was the respect she got.

00:18:00.542 --> 00:18:03.833
There's this hierarchy
they see in their parents...

00:18:04.542 --> 00:18:07.875
Because it's not the same
selling drugs by kilos

00:18:08.000 --> 00:18:10.542
as small-time dealing
and the consumer.

00:18:10.708 --> 00:18:13.583
Their parents' hierarchy

00:18:14.667 --> 00:18:17.208
is reflected in the school.

00:18:18.625 --> 00:18:21.750
It worked that way between them,
it was hard to resolve...

00:18:21.917 --> 00:18:23.667
A conflict there was...

00:18:23.833 --> 00:18:24.917
...impossible.

00:18:25.667 --> 00:18:29.625
Conflicts were never resolved,
they'd stop fighting, but little else.

00:18:30.625 --> 00:18:32.375
In that neighbourhood,

00:18:32.958 --> 00:18:35.250
they don't respect Mum, Dad,

00:18:35.417 --> 00:18:37.625
Grandma, nothing.

00:18:37.792 --> 00:18:38.958
Why wouldn't they hit me

00:18:39.083 --> 00:18:42.417
if they kick grandma
in the line outside school.

00:18:44.250 --> 00:18:46.375
At least I had some resources

00:18:46.583 --> 00:18:48.792
that they didn't use much
in that neighbourhood,

00:18:48.958 --> 00:18:53.833
which was affection, looking them
in the eyes, caressing, hugging.

00:18:53.999 --> 00:18:55.583
And that got me into trouble too.

00:18:55.750 --> 00:18:57.542
Hugging a boy because
he was furious...

00:18:58.583 --> 00:19:02.000
because his mum had said to him:
"I hope you die, that a truck hits you."

00:19:02.167 --> 00:19:03.208
How else would he be?

00:19:03.375 --> 00:19:07.000
The first boy he ran across,
they laid into each other.

00:19:07.167 --> 00:19:09.292
I grabbed the boy,
hugged him: "Come on, honey..."

00:19:10.208 --> 00:19:13.250
And the boy elbowed me so hard
I doubled over...

00:19:13.417 --> 00:19:14.625
Horrible.

00:19:14.958 --> 00:19:15.999
Horrible.

00:19:16.125 --> 00:19:19.125
He was like: Who are you
to be affectionate with me?

00:19:19.292 --> 00:19:20.999
I understand the boy.
"Who are you?"

00:19:21.125 --> 00:19:23.792
Just another teacher...
I get it.

00:19:23.958 --> 00:19:27.083
They come and go,
no teacher stays here.

00:19:27.625 --> 00:19:30.542
They feel neglected
because the teachers don't last.

00:19:30.708 --> 00:19:33.042
Here the teachers come and go,
come and go.

00:19:34.042 --> 00:19:37.542
I can respect that. I left too.

00:19:38.583 --> 00:19:40.792
If I'm working, that's great.

00:19:40.958 --> 00:19:42.958
I'm working and I'm distracted.

00:19:44.333 --> 00:19:48.750
Otherwise I'm anxious and bored.

00:19:48.917 --> 00:19:50.417
Then there are the bills.

00:19:50.625 --> 00:19:52.958
You have to work, otherwise...

00:19:53.083 --> 00:19:55.083
If you're not, you have it rough,

00:19:55.875 --> 00:19:59.667
you're bored to death,
you feel bad, you get sick.

00:20:00.375 --> 00:20:02.250
That's happened to me.

00:20:02.417 --> 00:20:06.250
You agonize over things,
get sick, depressed.

00:20:07.583 --> 00:20:09.417
It happened to me,

00:20:09.625 --> 00:20:13.167
last year or round then,

00:20:13.333 --> 00:20:15.625
and it had never happened to me,

00:20:15.792 --> 00:20:17.999
because of the crisis,
you're out of work,

00:20:18.125 --> 00:20:19.250
and being alone and all that,

00:20:19.417 --> 00:20:21.625
you think: "Fuck, if I don't work,

00:20:21.792 --> 00:20:23.583
who's going to help me?"

00:20:23.750 --> 00:20:27.125
So you have no support,
so like it or not...

00:20:27.292 --> 00:20:31.125
you worry yourself sick
and you get sick.

00:20:31.292 --> 00:20:35.999
I got this anxiety.

00:20:36.125 --> 00:20:38.083
I went to the doctor

00:20:38.250 --> 00:20:41.792
because I couldn't sleep
for over a month.

00:20:42.083 --> 00:20:45.167
Night would come
and I was afraid of it.

00:20:45.333 --> 00:20:46.458
I was scared.

00:20:46.667 --> 00:20:48.292
I'd go to bed
and fret over things,

00:20:48.458 --> 00:20:50.167
I'd have to get up and watch TV.

00:20:50.333 --> 00:20:52.083
After a while I'd go to bed
and the same thing.

00:20:52.250 --> 00:20:54.833
Then I'd have to get up,
almost crying,

00:20:54.999 --> 00:20:57.875
so I went to Emergencies
and told the woman on duty

00:20:58.000 --> 00:20:59.792
what was going on with me,

00:20:59.958 --> 00:21:01.250
almost in tears.

00:21:01.417 --> 00:21:02.833
I told her and she said:

00:21:02.999 --> 00:21:05.292
"You've got anxiety..."

00:21:05.458 --> 00:21:07.583
So she prescribed me
some sleeping pills.

00:21:07.750 --> 00:21:09.833
Was it alright with the pills?

00:21:09.999 --> 00:21:13.917
Yes. It was hard because
they did strange things to me.

00:21:14.042 --> 00:21:16.833
I'd take the pill

00:21:16.999 --> 00:21:19.999
and then during the night
I'd jump up in bed.

00:21:20.750 --> 00:21:24.375
Scared, dazed, you get that
with the pills.

00:21:25.542 --> 00:21:27.375
Your body's not used to it,

00:21:27.583 --> 00:21:30.958
I reacted strangely
for a couple of weeks.

00:21:31.083 --> 00:21:32.542
I was kind of surprised.

00:21:33.333 --> 00:21:35.583
Later I got over it.

00:21:36.208 --> 00:21:38.999
I said: "I don't want to take pills,

00:21:39.125 --> 00:21:40.875
I'll stop them gradually."

00:21:41.000 --> 00:21:42.958
I asked a guy who was
taking pills and he said:

00:21:43.083 --> 00:21:44.083
"They're addictive.

00:21:44.250 --> 00:21:45.958
If you don't stop,
it's really rough."

00:21:47.250 --> 00:21:49.167
I'd take my car,

00:21:49.333 --> 00:21:50.999
pay for the gas,

00:21:51.125 --> 00:21:52.375
go in at 8 a.m.,

00:21:52.583 --> 00:21:54.292
I'd leave at 3 p.m.,

00:21:54.458 --> 00:21:58.000
and then I found out
I was only hired for 5 hours.

00:21:59.750 --> 00:22:01.542
I told the Post Office to piss off.

00:22:01.708 --> 00:22:03.708
Do you know that?

00:22:03.958 --> 00:22:05.792
They asked me for money

00:22:05.958 --> 00:22:08.250
and I said "no".

00:22:08.417 --> 00:22:11.292
I got someone from the union
and said: "Look,

00:22:11.458 --> 00:22:15.708
this, this and this..."
He said: "Don't worry about it".

00:22:18.125 --> 00:22:20.708
I said: "Hand them out yourself",

00:22:20.875 --> 00:22:22.750
to the head of the Post Office.

00:22:23.542 --> 00:22:27.125
He's the head of Traffic
or something now.

00:22:27.292 --> 00:22:31.083
They pour liquid down the sewers
to kill the cockroaches.

00:22:31.250 --> 00:22:32.667
-They've stopped that.
-Have they?

00:22:32.833 --> 00:22:35.542
To kill the cockroaches in the sewers,

00:22:35.708 --> 00:22:38.083
and when it rains,
the poison goes into the sea,

00:22:38.250 --> 00:22:41.542
it comes out at La Algameca
and other places...

00:22:41.708 --> 00:22:44.999
They stopped it because
we reported the Council

00:22:45.125 --> 00:22:46.708
to the Autonomous Community.

00:22:46.875 --> 00:22:49.750
-It was killing everything.
-Dead fish...

00:22:49.917 --> 00:22:52.250
Yes, you'd see dead fish.

00:22:54.083 --> 00:22:57.167
The shrimp came
to the surface to die.

00:22:57.333 --> 00:22:59.375
They looked singed,
came up to the surface,

00:22:59.583 --> 00:23:02.292
the crabs, the clams, the cockles...

00:23:02.458 --> 00:23:03.792
It killed everything.

00:23:03.958 --> 00:23:05.833
Four years ago it was

00:23:06.875 --> 00:23:09.208
when they put that in
and it killed everything.

00:23:11.042 --> 00:23:15.083
The water the first day was green.

00:23:15.250 --> 00:23:17.792
You know? Green.

00:23:18.458 --> 00:23:21.333
Then it turned white.

00:23:21.542 --> 00:23:23.750
But white, white.
You couldn't see the bottom.

00:23:23.917 --> 00:23:26.999
-As if they'd put milk in the water.
-The chemical reaction...

00:23:28.000 --> 00:23:30.875
Three days later,
when it began to clear,

00:23:31.458 --> 00:23:34.250
everything on the seabed was...

00:23:34.417 --> 00:23:35.625
the mantis shrimp...

00:23:35.792 --> 00:23:37.333
Mantis shrimp, clams...

00:23:37.542 --> 00:23:40.042
Those worms? Buckets.

00:23:40.208 --> 00:23:42.583
I got whole buckets: worms,

00:23:42.750 --> 00:23:46.042
the ones for fishing,

00:23:46.833 --> 00:23:48.375
I got buckets out.

00:23:49.999 --> 00:23:52.667
It's acidic, it's poison.

00:23:52.833 --> 00:23:54.458
There's always been
a lot of clams there.

00:23:54.667 --> 00:23:56.708
Clam fishermen lived off that.

00:23:56.875 --> 00:23:58.375
In the neighbourhood, right?

00:23:58.583 --> 00:23:59.750
Yes, "One Arm."

00:23:59.917 --> 00:24:02.542
There was Paco
the clam fisherman

00:24:02.708 --> 00:24:06.708
and Enrique Sánchez Vázquez,
who left Bazán...

00:24:06.875 --> 00:24:08.999
...to avoid paying his wife.

00:24:09.125 --> 00:24:11.792
He caught his wife
sleeping with another man

00:24:11.958 --> 00:24:14.542
and when they split up,
he had to pay alimony,

00:24:14.708 --> 00:24:16.083
so he left Bazán
in order not to pay.

00:24:18.083 --> 00:24:20.000
It's kind of nasty, huh?

00:24:20.167 --> 00:24:24.250
You go out at night,
you want to get home,

00:24:24.417 --> 00:24:28.125
and there are girls
taking drugs everywhere.

00:24:28.750 --> 00:24:30.999
-Okay.
-I think: "Are they going to kill me?"

00:24:31.125 --> 00:24:33.833
People are scared
that I'll kill them

00:24:33.999 --> 00:24:36.625
and I'm scared to get killed.

00:24:36.792 --> 00:24:41.667
That's the main problem
in my neighbourhood.

00:24:41.833 --> 00:24:45.917
You have to go inside there, and depending
on the time, something could happen?

00:24:46.042 --> 00:24:48.458
Does it happen
or is it more of a legend?

00:24:48.667 --> 00:24:51.208
You feel creeped out
about these girls

00:24:51.375 --> 00:24:53.875
taking drugs and
prostituting themselves...

00:24:54.000 --> 00:24:55.375
The girls aren't the main problem,

00:24:55.583 --> 00:24:59.125
it's the men looking for them.

00:24:59.458 --> 00:25:03.958
What if they mistake you,
stop you, then get mad at you?

00:25:04.083 --> 00:25:06.000
It happens, they stop you.

00:25:06.167 --> 00:25:09.625
What? Cars stop you thinking
that you're a prostitute?

00:25:09.792 --> 00:25:11.375
Me and anyone there.

00:25:11.583 --> 00:25:14.958
No matter how you're dressed,
if you're a woman, they stop you.

00:25:16.125 --> 00:25:17.667
It's really uncomfortable.

00:25:17.833 --> 00:25:19.667
-Uncomfortable?
-Scary.

00:25:19.833 --> 00:25:22.375
You say 'uncomfortable'.
I wouldn't,

00:25:22.583 --> 00:25:25.792
It's more than uncomfortable...

00:25:27.292 --> 00:25:28.375
It's terrible.

00:25:28.583 --> 00:25:33.999
Gambling is the biggest problem
all over Spain today.

00:25:34.125 --> 00:25:35.708
Bigger than drugs or anything.

00:25:36.417 --> 00:25:38.250
It gets 15-year-olds

00:25:38.417 --> 00:25:41.375
to gamble away all the money
they have from working.

00:25:41.583 --> 00:25:45.000
The other day
I was going down Calle Mayor,

00:25:45.167 --> 00:25:48.000
walking around El Vinagrero,

00:25:48.167 --> 00:25:52.375
and I saw a group of lads
13 or 14 years old

00:25:52.583 --> 00:25:55.917
going up the old De Colores.

00:25:56.042 --> 00:25:59.750
They look at me,
I keep walking and a Moorish kid

00:25:59.917 --> 00:26:01.875
comes up and says
"Will you place a bet for me?"

00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:05.083
I was going to rehabilitation,
from the accident I had,

00:26:05.250 --> 00:26:07.542
and I said "Sorry, man.

00:26:08.167 --> 00:26:10.958
I'm not placing a bet for you."

00:26:11.083 --> 00:26:11.833
He said "No?"

00:26:11.999 --> 00:26:15.708
I left, but the kid was waiting
for any adult,

00:26:15.875 --> 00:26:16.999
simply to...

00:26:17.125 --> 00:26:18.292
to place a bet.

00:26:18.458 --> 00:26:19.208
Yes.

00:26:19.375 --> 00:26:20.792
There are loads like that.

00:26:21.875 --> 00:26:23.750
I don't know, it's like...

00:26:24.458 --> 00:26:26.417
Different mentalities too,

00:26:26.625 --> 00:26:28.042
different from before.

00:26:28.958 --> 00:26:31.375
Like it's another time.

00:26:31.583 --> 00:26:35.708
Bastarreche teaches lots of trades,
hairdressing, beauty courses...

00:26:35.875 --> 00:26:39.999
I knew I didn't want
to work in depilation.

00:26:40.125 --> 00:26:42.667
I wanted to work in makeup,

00:26:42.833 --> 00:26:44.917
and I wanted to get 1st
and 2nd in beauty,

00:26:45.125 --> 00:26:46.750
to get into film makeup...

00:26:48.000 --> 00:26:49.000
Right.

00:26:49.167 --> 00:26:50.167
For that I had to go to Murcia.

00:26:50.333 --> 00:26:51.208
Okay.

00:26:51.375 --> 00:26:53.542
I thought Murcia had that.

00:26:53.708 --> 00:26:56.250
For that I have to go to Murcia,
it isn't here.

00:26:56.999 --> 00:26:58.125
And from Murcia to Madrid.

00:26:58.292 --> 00:26:59.792
-It isn't anywhere else.
-Right.

00:27:02.625 --> 00:27:06.375
I got in and I didn't finish,

00:27:08.875 --> 00:27:12.667
I kind of gave up,
like "I'll stay here and work,

00:27:12.833 --> 00:27:16.167
because I'm not good at
what I like to do."

00:27:16.333 --> 00:27:17.833
Well, you don't know that.

00:27:17.999 --> 00:27:19.333
Sure, now you think about it,

00:27:19.542 --> 00:27:21.625
but I'm saying what
I thought at the time.

00:27:21.958 --> 00:27:26.125
Just turned 18.

00:27:26.292 --> 00:27:27.958
Having left school too.

00:27:29.000 --> 00:27:33.125
My father's always said
"You want it? You earn it."

00:27:33.292 --> 00:27:35.667
The time I was at
Vocational Training

00:27:35.833 --> 00:27:37.667
all I did was study,

00:27:37.833 --> 00:27:38.999
stuck at home,

00:27:39.125 --> 00:27:40.958
and I'd spend time
on the street

00:27:41.083 --> 00:27:43.125
with a friend.

00:27:43.542 --> 00:27:44.542
Right.

00:27:44.708 --> 00:27:46.417
I was broke and he'd
want to do stuff

00:27:46.625 --> 00:27:47.625
and I'd say "I'm broke.

00:27:48.333 --> 00:27:49.917
I'm broke."

00:27:50.042 --> 00:27:52.999
"You must have
enough for a drink" and I'd say...

00:27:53.750 --> 00:27:55.999
"No, I've got nothing.

00:27:56.125 --> 00:27:59.792
-Bring a bottle and we'll..."
-Totally.

00:28:00.292 --> 00:28:02.958
"If you come see me, great,
otherwise I can't."

00:28:04.625 --> 00:28:07.125
You feel a bit suffocated.

00:28:07.292 --> 00:28:08.667
"I want to go out and do stuff...

00:28:08.833 --> 00:28:11.958
Just turned 18 and I want to..."

00:28:12.083 --> 00:28:14.792
So I got a job as a waitress.

00:28:15.333 --> 00:28:17.208
I worked in the mornings
for my father

00:28:17.375 --> 00:28:19.458
and at night in a bar.

00:28:19.667 --> 00:28:22.958
Fuck, what a grind.
You worked for your dad?

00:28:23.083 --> 00:28:25.333
Yes, until after lunch.

00:28:25.542 --> 00:28:26.875
What time did you get up?

00:28:27.000 --> 00:28:28.917
In the morning? At 5.

00:28:29.042 --> 00:28:31.917
5 a.m., you got off after lunch
and then served drinks?

00:28:32.042 --> 00:28:34.917
I'd start at 6
and get out at 4 a.m.

00:28:35.042 --> 00:28:35.750
Fuck...

00:28:35.917 --> 00:28:38.458
When did you sleep?
The hours don't add up.

00:28:38.667 --> 00:28:39.583
Not much.

00:28:41.167 --> 00:28:42.583
How long were like that?

00:28:42.750 --> 00:28:45.542
-A year and a half.
-Fuck...

00:29:28.500 --> 00:29:31.833
After the definitive closing of the mines

00:29:31.999 --> 00:29:37.542
the main industrial companies
in Cartagena and La Unión in 1991 were:

00:29:37.708 --> 00:29:39.625
Empresa Nacional Bazán (shipyard)

00:29:39.792 --> 00:29:41.792
Repsol (refinery)

00:29:41.958 --> 00:29:44.667
Fesa, Enfersa and Asur (fertilizers)

00:29:44.833 --> 00:29:47.875
Fundición Santa Lucía-Peñarroya (lead)

00:29:48.000 --> 00:29:49.917
Española del zinc (zinc)

00:29:50.042 --> 00:29:55.583
Depending on these factories
were dozens of other auxiliary companies

00:29:55.750 --> 00:30:01.458
that carry out the work of repair,
maintenance, supply and transport.

00:30:01.833 --> 00:30:04.792
The column of protesters,

00:30:04.958 --> 00:30:08.083
no less than 3000 people,

00:30:08.250 --> 00:30:11.333
began a march that lasted
almost 3 hours.

00:30:11.542 --> 00:30:14.583
As it passed the government building,

00:30:14.750 --> 00:30:17.125
the first incidents occurred,

00:30:17.292 --> 00:30:20.417
reaching their height
at San Esteban Palace,

00:30:20.625 --> 00:30:23.708
seat of the Presidency
of the Regional Government.

00:30:24.625 --> 00:30:27.333
Already in Murcia, at 11:20 a.m.,

00:30:27.542 --> 00:30:30.167
the demonstration began
down the streets of the city.

00:30:30.333 --> 00:30:32.792
The traffic gridlock
in the city of the Segura,

00:30:32.958 --> 00:30:35.208
has been striking,

00:30:35.375 --> 00:30:38.292
the motorway around Murcia
blocked for three hours.

00:30:38.458 --> 00:30:41.625
The protesters criticized
in words I cannot repeat here

00:30:41.792 --> 00:30:45.000
the Mayor of Cartagena,
the Treasurer,

00:30:45.167 --> 00:30:48.333
the Minister for the Economy
and the President.

00:30:48.542 --> 00:30:51.958
But the President of the Regional
Government, Carlos Collado,

00:30:52.083 --> 00:30:54.417
was the target of most
of what was said.

00:30:54.792 --> 00:30:56.333
Sir, what do you think
of the demonstration?

00:30:56.542 --> 00:30:58.792
-First, are you from Murcia?
-Yes, I'm from here.

00:30:58.958 --> 00:31:01.833
What do you think of the protest?
How does it affect you?

00:31:01.999 --> 00:31:05.542
We accept it, it's justice...

00:31:05.708 --> 00:31:08.875
it's fair what these people
a protesting about.

00:31:09.000 --> 00:31:11.708
After so many years in the company,

00:31:11.875 --> 00:31:13.833
and suddenly they're on the street...

00:31:13.999 --> 00:31:16.458
we think it's not right.

00:31:16.667 --> 00:31:18.833
The government should look at it

00:31:18.999 --> 00:31:23.000
and take precautionary measures
so that this doesn't happen.

00:31:23.708 --> 00:31:27.375
At 12 sharp, the march entered
the Floridablanca roundabout.

00:31:27.583 --> 00:31:30.792
At 12:20 it stopped in front
of the main government building,

00:31:30.958 --> 00:31:33.083
where the first incidents occurred,

00:31:33.250 --> 00:31:35.958
a large group of demonstrators
trying to force open

00:31:36.083 --> 00:31:38.333
the door leading onto the street.

00:31:38.542 --> 00:31:42.292
After a struggle with those
defending the building from inside,

00:31:42.458 --> 00:31:44.417
member of the National Police

00:31:44.625 --> 00:31:47.042
let in some 7 persons,

00:31:47.208 --> 00:31:50.167
among them the head
of the Bazán committee,

00:31:50.333 --> 00:31:51.208
Antonio Sáez.

00:31:51.375 --> 00:31:54.125
In the 15 minutes of the meeting
of the protesters

00:31:54.292 --> 00:31:55.875
with the government delegate,

00:31:56.000 --> 00:31:59.333
bags were thrown at the building
with paint, oranges, lemons,

00:31:59.542 --> 00:32:02.792
fireworks, bottles of ammonia,
rocks, screws, etc.

00:32:02.958 --> 00:32:05.750
As the meeting went on,
there was singing outside too...

00:32:23.167 --> 00:32:26.917
When the representatives of
the demonstrators came out,

00:32:27.042 --> 00:32:28.917
the demonstration was renewed

00:32:29.042 --> 00:32:31.917
and we approached the head
of the Bazán committee.

00:32:32.042 --> 00:32:34.917
Antonio Sáez, what happened
here in the government building?

00:32:35.042 --> 00:32:37.708
We went up to see
the government delegate.

00:32:38.708 --> 00:32:41.375
We told her that
you can't say on the radio,

00:32:41.583 --> 00:32:43.583
that violence breeds violence,

00:32:43.750 --> 00:32:46.999
and receiving us with chains
on the building and police cordon

00:32:47.125 --> 00:32:50.333
breeds violence
and what breeds violence

00:32:50.542 --> 00:32:53.250
are the attempts to put people
out on the street without work,

00:32:53.417 --> 00:32:55.417
on which their families depend.

00:32:55.625 --> 00:32:57.417
Did something happen?
You looked upset coming out.

00:32:57.625 --> 00:32:59.542
No, nothing.
You just get worked up.

00:33:15.625 --> 00:33:19.583
You stacked it with ice
and now it's just water.

00:33:19.750 --> 00:33:22.208
Yes, at least you're hydrated.

00:33:23.750 --> 00:33:26.292
Check it out,
he's already got a "12 volts".

00:33:28.250 --> 00:33:30.750
He's got "6 volts", yeah.

00:33:34.125 --> 00:33:36.083
What a gambling bug, eh?

00:33:36.958 --> 00:33:38.708
A coke habit would be cheaper.

00:33:40.999 --> 00:33:43.000
It's not a gambling bug.

00:33:43.167 --> 00:33:45.375
He's popping coins
into the machine all day.

00:33:45.583 --> 00:33:48.167
-No, no.
-When he's not broke.

00:33:48.333 --> 00:33:50.333
You don't get it,
today he knows he's going to win.

00:33:50.542 --> 00:33:51.458
Oh, he knows...

00:33:51.667 --> 00:33:52.542
He knows, man.

00:33:53.208 --> 00:33:55.999
He knows where the wheel is,
everything.

00:33:56.833 --> 00:34:00.917
I've worked as a baker, a builder,
a hairdresser, confectioner, baker...

00:34:01.750 --> 00:34:03.750
Perfect, perfect.

00:34:07.042 --> 00:34:08.792
Guys, how's work?

00:34:08.958 --> 00:34:10.125
-Eh?
-How's work?

00:34:10.292 --> 00:34:12.750
No work talk. I'm drinking.

00:34:13.208 --> 00:34:15.917
Pepi earns less than your brother Dani.

00:34:16.042 --> 00:34:17.583
Some things make us
no money at all.

00:34:17.875 --> 00:34:20.292
That's what they say,
but I don't get it.

00:34:20.625 --> 00:34:23.250
When you sign a contract

00:34:23.417 --> 00:34:25.333
it doesn't specify if you're
a man or a woman.

00:34:25.542 --> 00:34:26.208
No.

00:34:26.375 --> 00:34:26.999
But...

00:34:30.458 --> 00:34:32.833
You and I were painters.

00:34:32.999 --> 00:34:34.875
We have to sign
a contract by number.

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:36.000
She makes less!

00:34:36.167 --> 00:34:38.375
-It's 532...
-But it doesn't specify...

00:34:38.583 --> 00:34:40.083
We both sign the same contract.
She makes less than me?

00:34:40.250 --> 00:34:42.208
It doesn't specify
if you're a man or a woman.

00:34:42.375 --> 00:34:44.708
It specifies working hours.
How much will you make?

00:34:44.875 --> 00:34:47.333
You make more than I do.

00:34:47.542 --> 00:34:48.999
On the same contract.

00:34:49.125 --> 00:34:51.333
In the jobs with more women,

00:34:51.542 --> 00:34:54.458
there's a different contract
and they get paid less.

00:34:54.667 --> 00:34:55.708
Raúl!

00:34:55.875 --> 00:34:57.042
Two beers!

00:34:57.208 --> 00:34:59.042
-Make it three, please.
-Four!

00:34:59.750 --> 00:35:01.042
Five, five!

00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:03.250
You're having two?

00:35:05.667 --> 00:35:07.208
I saw that coming.

00:35:07.375 --> 00:35:08.708
The waiter's already...

00:35:09.958 --> 00:35:10.792
What can you do?

00:35:11.333 --> 00:35:13.875
I can work
and I like to keep moving.

00:35:14.000 --> 00:35:16.458
That's good. You like to move?

00:35:16.667 --> 00:35:18.125
Do you mind loading?

00:35:18.292 --> 00:35:20.917
Not at all.
Still, it depends on the wages.

00:35:23.125 --> 00:35:25.083
Depends on the weight
and the wages.

00:35:25.250 --> 00:35:25.999
Okay.

00:35:26.125 --> 00:35:27.750
But I'm one of those people

00:35:27.917 --> 00:35:31.000
-who prefers to work.
-To keep moving.

00:35:31.167 --> 00:35:34.208
Instead of being unemployed.

00:35:34.375 --> 00:35:36.708
Being unemployed makes me sick.

00:35:36.875 --> 00:35:39.958
It makes me sick, man.
Being idle here...

00:35:41.083 --> 00:35:42.583
I'd love to join your company.

00:35:42.750 --> 00:35:44.583
I was talking to him and...

00:35:44.750 --> 00:35:46.583
I'm thinking about it too.

00:35:46.750 --> 00:35:47.750
She has a company?

00:35:47.917 --> 00:35:50.917
No, I mean working...

00:35:51.042 --> 00:35:52.958
-In the industry.
-Exactly.

00:35:54.292 --> 00:35:55.583
You don't know what it is.

00:35:55.750 --> 00:35:59.417
It's not that I don't know,
but there are no openings...

00:35:59.625 --> 00:36:01.000
-If you're not educated...
-Do you work in the industry?

00:36:03.917 --> 00:36:05.458
I work in metal structures.

00:36:05.625 --> 00:36:08.333
I was never asked
what I wanted to be.

00:36:08.500 --> 00:36:10.708
That's in Hollywood movies.

00:36:10.875 --> 00:36:13.417
A family in Cartagena
doesn't ask you what to want to be.

00:36:13.625 --> 00:36:16.333
You worked in Bazán
like your father and grandfather.

00:36:16.542 --> 00:36:17.667
It was crystal clear.

00:36:17.833 --> 00:36:19.792
You couldn't do anything else.

00:36:20.667 --> 00:36:23.708
I got A's in junior high.

00:36:23.875 --> 00:36:25.750
They didn't say: "This kid could be
a doctor, an engineer,

00:36:25.917 --> 00:36:27.417
a teacher, or..." No, no.

00:36:27.625 --> 00:36:29.583
This kid's going into Bazán, full stop.

00:36:29.750 --> 00:36:32.125
At 14 I told my dad
I wanted to do high school

00:36:32.292 --> 00:36:33.250
and he didn't let me.

00:36:33.417 --> 00:36:35.333
-He didn't let you?
-He didn't let me.

00:36:38.083 --> 00:36:40.999
He was determined that
I had to work in that company.

00:36:41.125 --> 00:36:43.917
I didn't want to study,
I wasn't a good student,

00:36:44.042 --> 00:36:47.667
I didn't like it,
I finished junior high and left school.

00:36:47.833 --> 00:36:49.792
I started working.
My father said to me:

00:36:49.958 --> 00:36:52.458
"Don't be silly, you're the youngest,
we're doing better, study..."

00:36:52.667 --> 00:36:53.708
I didn't want to.

00:36:55.750 --> 00:36:58.999
I started working in a biscuit factory
in Miranda and I lasted 5 days.

00:36:59.125 --> 00:37:03.708
I came back: "Dad, 8 hours a day
putting biscuits in a box..."

00:37:03.875 --> 00:37:05.250
"I told you. Go and study."

00:37:05.417 --> 00:37:06.833
I went to an academy,
I didn't like that,

00:37:06.999 --> 00:37:08.167
I went back to work...

00:37:08.333 --> 00:37:10.833
I wanted to work, to leave home.

00:37:10.999 --> 00:37:12.750
The only way to leave home...

00:37:13.250 --> 00:37:14.999
was to work.

00:37:15.125 --> 00:37:16.583
And the first chance I got

00:37:16.750 --> 00:37:18.792
at 18...

00:37:20.042 --> 00:37:25.208
A friend had a hotel in Ribadesella
and I said "I'm going there".

00:37:25.375 --> 00:37:27.667
Was there trouble with your family?

00:37:27.833 --> 00:37:28.750
With my mother, yes.

00:37:30.250 --> 00:37:33.542
Days before I left
I had my bag packed.

00:37:34.458 --> 00:37:37.458
I put things in
and my mother took them out.

00:37:38.083 --> 00:37:40.417
I put in something in
and my mother took it out.

00:37:41.583 --> 00:37:45.000
The last memory of my mother
when I left was her screaming.

00:37:45.333 --> 00:37:48.042
"Don't come back! Bad daughter!"

00:37:48.208 --> 00:37:51.000
"You were to be the joy of
my old age and now you leave!"

00:37:52.000 --> 00:37:55.583
-She hoped you'd look after her.
-Exactly, exactly.

00:37:55.750 --> 00:37:59.958
In fact,
she didn't speak to me for a year.

00:38:00.083 --> 00:38:02.833
One week I was on afternoon shift

00:38:03.708 --> 00:38:06.292
and they were telling the groups
going to frames,

00:38:06.458 --> 00:38:08.750
to the tanks and such...

00:38:08.917 --> 00:38:12.333
In one of those groups
they were a lad short.

00:38:13.375 --> 00:38:15.958
I went to the storeroom,
asked for a mask and said:

00:38:16.083 --> 00:38:17.042
"You guys keep quiet."

00:38:17.208 --> 00:38:20.999
I had an excellent relationship
with all my co-workers.

00:38:21.958 --> 00:38:23.417
I got into the tank.

00:38:24.417 --> 00:38:25.708
We were working there...

00:38:25.875 --> 00:38:28.042
They had to help me in and out,

00:38:28.208 --> 00:38:29.458
but it was no problem.

00:38:30.667 --> 00:38:33.333
-You got in there?
-Yes, all the way.

00:38:33.542 --> 00:38:34.750
With the group.

00:38:34.917 --> 00:38:37.667
You were curious about
getting in there.

00:38:37.833 --> 00:38:39.333
I wanted to be like anyone else.

00:38:39.542 --> 00:38:42.417
They weren't sending me
into the tank because I was a woman.

00:38:42.625 --> 00:38:44.958
I spoke to the foreman
and he said to me:

00:38:45.083 --> 00:38:47.125
"Mari Carmen, women
in the tank, no.

00:38:47.708 --> 00:38:51.167
It's a very tight space..."

00:38:51.750 --> 00:38:54.583
"I don't want women in the tank."
It was like that.

00:38:54.750 --> 00:38:59.167
So, I've always been
kind of above the law, right?

00:39:00.999 --> 00:39:03.417
One afternoon they were
one worker short

00:39:03.625 --> 00:39:05.125
and I saw my chance and said...

00:39:05.292 --> 00:39:06.250
"Here goes."

00:39:08.167 --> 00:39:10.875
I was backed by my co-workers,
who knew me,

00:39:11.000 --> 00:39:13.750
I'd worked with them
for a while and they knew

00:39:13.917 --> 00:39:15.000
it wasn't a problem.

00:39:15.167 --> 00:39:18.708
"Go, we'll help you
in and out, don't worry."

00:39:18.875 --> 00:39:19.833
And that's how it was.

00:39:19.999 --> 00:39:25.625
I did the job, but the foreman
wanted me for another job...

00:39:25.792 --> 00:39:27.125
"Where's Mari Carmen?"

00:39:27.292 --> 00:39:28.875
Some co-workers said:

00:39:29.000 --> 00:39:30.250
"In the tank."

00:39:31.625 --> 00:39:34.250
When I came out, soaked in sweat

00:39:34.417 --> 00:39:36.333
because it's damp in there,

00:39:36.542 --> 00:39:37.750
a specific damp,

00:39:37.917 --> 00:39:40.458
we'd wear paper overalls
over our other overalls,

00:39:40.667 --> 00:39:42.833
which didn't breathe
so you didn't drip sweat

00:39:42.999 --> 00:39:47.083
because it stained the fabric
and the resin, it lowered the quality,

00:39:47.417 --> 00:39:51.000
and the masks for the tanks

00:39:51.167 --> 00:39:52.875
were really heavy...

00:39:53.875 --> 00:39:56.625
When I came out,
I'd go along the bulwark

00:39:56.792 --> 00:39:58.875
and the whole scaffolding

00:39:59.000 --> 00:40:02.333
set up around the ship.

00:40:02.542 --> 00:40:05.208
Paco García Bayona was...

00:40:05.708 --> 00:40:06.958
Down below, right?

00:40:07.083 --> 00:40:11.833
He looked at me and I thought:
"He's going to give me hell..."

00:40:11.999 --> 00:40:15.333
He said: "You've got more balls
than all of them together"

00:40:15.542 --> 00:40:18.750
From that day on,
I worked in the tanks...

00:40:19.583 --> 00:40:22.542
but with no grief,
no problems.

00:40:22.708 --> 00:40:23.792
Tank, tank, tank...

00:40:23.958 --> 00:40:27.708
The urea plant needs on CO2,

00:40:27.875 --> 00:40:31.625
which produces the ammonia unit,

00:40:31.792 --> 00:40:34.333
it's like an umbilical cord.

00:40:34.542 --> 00:40:37.292
The ammonia plant has to work
for the urea plant to work,

00:40:37.458 --> 00:40:40.083
then you have the spheres

00:40:40.250 --> 00:40:42.333
that are physically here
in Escombreras.

00:40:42.542 --> 00:40:43.875
Spheres of ammonia.

00:40:44.000 --> 00:40:48.875
Then combine it in a compressor
and raise the pressure.

00:40:49.000 --> 00:40:52.583
You put it at 20 or 25,

00:40:52.750 --> 00:40:54.542
at 0.25 kilos, no more.

00:40:54.708 --> 00:40:57.750
Then the compressor
compresses the air

00:40:57.917 --> 00:40:59.167
and it comes to 200Kg.

00:40:59.333 --> 00:41:04.208
When you have it at 200 Kg
and the ammonia at 200 Kg,

00:41:04.375 --> 00:41:06.625
with alternate pumps,

00:41:06.792 --> 00:41:10.000
you put it all in a reactor,
the reactors are...

00:41:10.167 --> 00:41:12.375
Imagine a storage tank,

00:41:12.583 --> 00:41:14.292
it has to take 200 Kg of pressure,

00:41:14.458 --> 00:41:18.167
the reactor being rustproof.

00:41:18.333 --> 00:41:20.375
It can be 10-15 cm thick,

00:41:20.583 --> 00:41:23.125
so the reaction it causes

00:41:23.292 --> 00:41:26.250
is the first step to making urea.

00:41:26.417 --> 00:41:28.667
It comes out in a small percentage,

00:41:28.833 --> 00:41:30.375
I don't remember exactly
if it's 30 or 35,

00:41:30.583 --> 00:41:33.333
and those 200 Kg expand again,

00:41:33.542 --> 00:41:36.167
it goes to 20 Kg,
when you expand again.

00:41:36.333 --> 00:41:39.083
So the molecules gather,

00:41:39.250 --> 00:41:43.375
and the richness of the carbamate
becomes ammonia,

00:41:43.583 --> 00:41:46.208
in 3 or 4 phases,
until just over 3 Kg comes out

00:41:46.375 --> 00:41:50.083
and urea at 90-95%.

00:41:50.250 --> 00:41:52.917
That urea goes into tanks and...

00:41:53.042 --> 00:41:55.125
because it's a liquid
and it has to be hot.

00:41:55.292 --> 00:41:59.417
When urea is under 105,
it solidifies and you have nothing,

00:41:59.625 --> 00:42:04.000
so it was sold in granules,
the grading...

00:42:04.167 --> 00:42:06.208
Just imagine,

00:42:07.292 --> 00:42:10.542
little balls, like anise balls,

00:42:10.708 --> 00:42:12.833
I don't know if they still make those.

00:42:12.999 --> 00:42:15.375
Then you spin it in

00:42:15.583 --> 00:42:19.167
a "prilado" basket, it's called,
and after the spinning,

00:42:19.333 --> 00:42:21.542
the grading is bigger or smaller

00:42:21.708 --> 00:42:24.292
and that's 500 tons a day.

00:42:24.458 --> 00:42:27.000
In winter I did everything.

00:42:27.167 --> 00:42:31.750
I made the beds, served breakfast...
Winter was very slow.

00:42:32.875 --> 00:42:36.250
Then in the evening
my bosses would leave

00:42:36.417 --> 00:42:38.458
and I'd stay at reception
in case a guest came.

00:42:38.667 --> 00:42:40.667
Just watching TV,
but it was all day.

00:42:40.833 --> 00:42:43.792
From 8 a.m. when you got up
until 11 at night.

00:42:43.958 --> 00:42:46.708
At 11 I could go out
for a walk if I wanted.

00:42:46.875 --> 00:42:50.750
I wasn't so keen to go...
I did get out some days, but...

00:42:50.917 --> 00:42:53.917
the hours were long
for 14,000 pesetas a month.

00:42:54.042 --> 00:42:56.375
-In '81?
-'80.

00:42:56.583 --> 00:42:58.417
14,000 pesetas a month

00:42:58.625 --> 00:43:01.250
and in summer...

00:43:02.333 --> 00:43:04.083
24,000 pesetas.

00:43:04.250 --> 00:43:07.167
We'd get up, serve breakfast and...

00:43:07.333 --> 00:43:08.667
do the ironing.

00:43:08.833 --> 00:43:11.417
Then we'd serve lunch, clean up,

00:43:11.625 --> 00:43:15.333
a few hours of rest, then dinners,
so we did all the services.

00:43:15.958 --> 00:43:18.375
From Tuesday to Sunday?

00:43:18.583 --> 00:43:19.833
Every day.

00:43:19.999 --> 00:43:22.792
We only got off Thursday
and Sunday evenings.

00:43:22.958 --> 00:43:25.375
That's it, no holidays there.

00:43:25.583 --> 00:43:28.917
I only went back to Miranda
because I broke my arm.

00:43:30.125 --> 00:43:31.458
In a dryer.

00:43:32.542 --> 00:43:34.083
The slowing device worked badly

00:43:34.250 --> 00:43:36.625
and we'd put in a towel
to stop the dryer.

00:43:36.792 --> 00:43:40.583
It was one of those old dryers.
My arm got caught.

00:43:40.750 --> 00:43:43.917
I broke my ulna and my radius.

00:43:44.958 --> 00:43:47.000
He said to me: "No sick leave.

00:43:47.292 --> 00:43:49.958
Make the most of it now
to go see your family..."

00:43:50.999 --> 00:43:54.750
And I left with no sick leave.
That's how it worked.

00:43:54.917 --> 00:43:56.292
You had no choice.

00:43:57.999 --> 00:43:59.667
Fucking shit,

00:43:59.833 --> 00:44:02.458
the "American shift"
is fucking shit.

00:44:02.667 --> 00:44:04.458
It's a non-stop shift,

00:44:04.667 --> 00:44:07.708
you're on duty 24 hours a day.

00:44:07.875 --> 00:44:10.667
Grinding at night is cheaper because...

00:44:10.833 --> 00:44:13.042
the electricity fees are...

00:44:13.208 --> 00:44:15.792
The weekends are cheaper,

00:44:15.958 --> 00:44:18.375
the fees are off-peak.

00:44:18.583 --> 00:44:22.333
The power is cheaper,
so you make cheaper cement.

00:44:24.958 --> 00:44:28.208
The "American shift" means
working 7 days straight.

00:44:28.375 --> 00:44:31.000
You get the rest of
that day off and the next.

00:44:31.167 --> 00:44:34.792
Another 7 days straight,
that day off and the next.

00:44:34.958 --> 00:44:38.417
Another 7 days straight,
the same thing, then 9 days.

00:44:38.625 --> 00:44:41.000
You never have holidays, but...

00:44:41.167 --> 00:44:43.958
every 21 days you have
10 days holiday,

00:44:44.208 --> 00:44:46.750
so to speak, or 10 days off.

00:44:46.917 --> 00:44:48.292
And does it change...?

00:44:49.375 --> 00:44:52.042
Each of the 7 days varies,

00:44:52.208 --> 00:44:53.583
mornings, afternoons and nights.

00:44:53.750 --> 00:44:57.667
So, at most you have
straight shifts of 3 days

00:44:57.833 --> 00:45:00.125
that coincide with the weekend.

00:45:00.292 --> 00:45:03.167
So the first shift was:

00:45:03.333 --> 00:45:07.042
two mornings, Monday, Tuesday;
two afternoons, Wednesday, Thursday;

00:45:07.208 --> 00:45:10.375
Friday, Saturday and Sunday at night.

00:45:10.583 --> 00:45:13.167
Then you got off night shift

00:45:13.333 --> 00:45:14.750
and you had a day off.

00:45:14.917 --> 00:45:17.708
Then you'd start mornings
on Wednesday and Thursday,

00:45:17.875 --> 00:45:20.000
Friday, Saturday and Sunday afternoons,

00:45:20.167 --> 00:45:21.999
and Monday and Tuesday nights.

00:45:22.125 --> 00:45:23.583
The rest of the day and the next.

00:45:23.750 --> 00:45:26.458
And you'd start Friday, Saturday
and Sunday mornings,

00:45:27.875 --> 00:45:29.208
Monday and Tuesday afternoons,

00:45:29.375 --> 00:45:32.250
and Wednesday and Thursday nights,
then you're off.

00:45:32.417 --> 00:45:35.167
-Didn't that do your head in?
-It kills you.

00:45:35.333 --> 00:45:36.875
It kills you...

00:45:37.917 --> 00:45:40.917
You have to organize it really well.

00:45:41.042 --> 00:45:43.583
You get paid more for nights.

00:45:45.542 --> 00:45:47.375
They cough up more cash,

00:45:47.583 --> 00:45:49.917
so it can't be good.

00:45:50.042 --> 00:45:52.333
If you get paid more
it's for some reason.

00:45:52.625 --> 00:45:55.833
They take advantage, I mean,

00:45:56.875 --> 00:46:00.000
I know that in the valley
of Escombreras

00:46:00.167 --> 00:46:02.250
the companies there are
going to keep polluting,

00:46:02.417 --> 00:46:05.167
so I'd rather benefit from it.

00:46:05.333 --> 00:46:07.792
I want to build a football field?

00:46:07.958 --> 00:46:09.792
I go and ask them for money.

00:46:09.958 --> 00:46:13.958
I want to fix a medical clinic?
I ask them for money.

00:46:14.250 --> 00:46:17.375
So you might say I take advantage
of this situation.

00:46:17.583 --> 00:46:20.792
So I'm not going on strike
or demonstrating,

00:46:20.958 --> 00:46:24.042
telling the companies to go,
because in the end...

00:46:24.208 --> 00:46:26.125
I benefit from them.

00:46:26.292 --> 00:46:30.167
Then there's the other group,
which would rather,

00:46:30.333 --> 00:46:33.208
maybe, not have this money,

00:46:33.375 --> 00:46:35.792
but to have better air quality.

00:46:35.958 --> 00:46:39.708
When there's a "bout"
of pollution,

00:46:39.875 --> 00:46:42.625
to not have to say:

00:46:42.792 --> 00:46:45.167
"I have to stay at home
and shut the windows",

00:46:45.333 --> 00:46:48.292
or "My kids are at school
and they're shut inside."

00:46:48.458 --> 00:46:50.833
-Does that happen?
-Yes, sure it happens.

00:46:51.167 --> 00:46:54.042
There was a small fire.

00:46:54.208 --> 00:46:58.208
No warning, the alarms didn't go off,
and people were worried:

00:46:58.375 --> 00:47:01.583
"I'm going to get my kids
from school", when really

00:47:01.750 --> 00:47:05.250
the safety protocol says that
the child must stay in the school

00:47:05.417 --> 00:47:07.750
because they're safer there.
If you take them out on the street,

00:47:07.917 --> 00:47:10.292
they're exposed to the pollution.

00:47:10.458 --> 00:47:12.833
People were taking their kids out

00:47:12.999 --> 00:47:15.917
and the principal told them
they couldn't go out.

00:47:16.042 --> 00:47:18.583
They shut the windows,

00:47:18.750 --> 00:47:21.708
and word went out on the streets.

00:47:21.875 --> 00:47:24.667
But in the town,
no one came...

00:47:26.083 --> 00:47:30.000
from the refinery from
Escombreras, to say...

00:47:30.167 --> 00:47:33.000
that they'd exceeded the levels
of contamination

00:47:33.167 --> 00:47:34.958
and you couldn't go outside,

00:47:35.458 --> 00:47:39.250
because when there's a lot,
you can do this,

00:47:39.417 --> 00:47:40.917
brush it off like it was ash.

00:47:41.042 --> 00:47:43.542
I integrated very well with them,

00:47:43.708 --> 00:47:46.708
with no problems, to the point
where if the group was short,

00:47:46.875 --> 00:47:49.417
they'd tell the foreman:
"Get Mari Carmen."

00:47:49.625 --> 00:47:52.000
They'd say: "Get Mari Carmen."
I was accepted.

00:47:52.167 --> 00:47:55.417
-Always in lamination?
-Always.

00:47:55.625 --> 00:47:58.999
My time in the factory
was in lamination with them.

00:47:59.125 --> 00:48:00.917
Since there were morning
and afternoon shifts,

00:48:01.042 --> 00:48:04.417
I had time to meet and spend
time with everyone, you know?

00:48:04.625 --> 00:48:08.417
I couldn't say goodbye
to some of them.

00:48:08.625 --> 00:48:10.708
It's strange, because...

00:48:10.875 --> 00:48:14.042
if the factory's here,
the main offices are here,

00:48:14.208 --> 00:48:15.750
so we were just metres away.

00:48:15.917 --> 00:48:18.542
But you know it's a change,

00:48:18.708 --> 00:48:21.917
you don't spend those 8 hours
with this guy,

00:48:22.042 --> 00:48:26.042
more time than
you spend at home, you know?

00:48:26.208 --> 00:48:28.750
And in cramped spaces.

00:48:28.917 --> 00:48:30.750
You end up telling personal things,

00:48:30.917 --> 00:48:34.208
and they end up being my friends,
because they were.

00:48:34.375 --> 00:48:36.958
I couldn't say goodbye
to a lot of them.

00:48:37.083 --> 00:48:38.833
I never said goodbye.

00:48:38.999 --> 00:48:41.000
I still see them, obviously.

00:48:41.167 --> 00:48:43.250
But I felt really bad.

00:48:43.417 --> 00:48:45.333
And I'll tell you,

00:48:45.542 --> 00:48:48.292
my adaptation to the office
was hard too.

00:48:48.458 --> 00:48:51.417
I felt bad.
I remember the first month

00:48:51.625 --> 00:48:54.458
I came out with terrible headaches.

00:48:54.667 --> 00:48:57.250
I'd say: "These headaches?
I've never had headaches.

00:48:57.417 --> 00:48:58.917
Why do I have such a headache?"

00:48:59.042 --> 00:49:02.625
The head of medical services
at the time was Carmen Parrilla.

00:49:03.375 --> 00:49:07.042
I went to see her and said:
"Carmen, it's awful, I can't take it."

00:49:07.208 --> 00:49:09.458
She said: "You went from the factory

00:49:10.583 --> 00:49:13.542
to the offices."
The "gilded cage", they called it.

00:49:13.708 --> 00:49:17.083
I didn't understand until later.
The "gilded cage", sure.

00:49:17.250 --> 00:49:20.292
In the factory, like it or not,
you have times outside,

00:49:20.458 --> 00:49:24.208
in the fresh air, leave early
to have a shower...

00:49:24.999 --> 00:49:28.042
But in the office
if your hours are up to 2:30,

00:49:28.208 --> 00:49:31.042
you stay there until 2:30.

00:49:32.375 --> 00:49:35.375
I found it hard to adapt.

00:49:35.583 --> 00:49:38.958
Then, the atmosphere's different.

00:49:39.083 --> 00:49:43.000
Totally different. The atmosphere
in the factory is...

00:49:43.167 --> 00:49:46.292
You have loads more fun. Loads.

00:49:46.458 --> 00:49:48.458
Why?

00:49:49.708 --> 00:49:53.375
I think the office is more...

00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:56.250
How can I say this?

00:49:57.000 --> 00:50:00.792
I don't want to say classist,
though it is.

00:50:00.958 --> 00:50:04.042
A lot of people

00:50:04.208 --> 00:50:06.625
go straight there without
passing through the factory,

00:50:06.792 --> 00:50:10.458
and I think people should pass
through the factory and find out.

00:50:10.667 --> 00:50:14.667
Whoever makes the blueprint has to
know what it takes to build it,

00:50:14.999 --> 00:50:17.625
to level the floor,

00:50:18.542 --> 00:50:22.333
and get the heating in.
Do you know what I mean?

00:50:22.542 --> 00:50:24.208
And the atmosphere.

00:50:24.375 --> 00:50:27.542
The atmosphere's much...

00:50:27.708 --> 00:50:30.625
friendlier in factories.

00:50:30.792 --> 00:50:34.750
In offices it's always like a race,
a race to get...

00:50:35.958 --> 00:50:39.792
the boss to look at you,
it's about promotions...

00:50:39.958 --> 00:50:41.250
It's different.

00:50:41.708 --> 00:50:45.375
It's noticeably different.
For the worse, eh?

00:50:45.583 --> 00:50:49.042
-Like there was no camaraderie?
-Not as much.

00:50:49.208 --> 00:50:50.958
Not as much, none.

00:50:51.083 --> 00:50:54.667
My father didn't work 8 hours,
he worked 10 or 12 hours a day.

00:50:54.833 --> 00:50:58.000
And it was hard work.
Shipbuilding...

00:50:58.167 --> 00:50:59.375
is hard work.

00:50:59.583 --> 00:51:02.708
Not bad in wages and conditions,
but it's hard.

00:51:02.875 --> 00:51:05.792
Working on and in a ship,
welding a ship,

00:51:05.958 --> 00:51:08.208
it's no easy job. It's hard work.

00:51:10.125 --> 00:51:13.999
There are occupational hazards.

00:51:14.125 --> 00:51:16.917
I started work at 14,
at the apprentice school,

00:51:17.042 --> 00:51:20.208
and my first accident was at 14.
I always tell people that.

00:51:20.375 --> 00:51:24.208
When someone bugs me
I say: "Hold on,

00:51:24.375 --> 00:51:27.708
when did you start working?
I did at 14.

00:51:27.875 --> 00:51:30.000
And your first work accident?

00:51:30.167 --> 00:51:33.208
Mine was at 14.
Hard to believe, right?

00:51:34.375 --> 00:51:37.375
I was first injured
before I was15.

00:51:37.583 --> 00:51:40.625
I had a serious work accident.

00:51:42.417 --> 00:51:44.792
I began work at 14.

00:51:44.958 --> 00:51:48.875
You pass your entrance exam
to the apprentice school,

00:51:49.000 --> 00:51:53.000
and do 4 hours of class
and 3 hours in the workshop.

00:51:53.250 --> 00:51:56.958
At 14 you do 3 hours,
in your overalls, at your machine,

00:51:57.083 --> 00:51:59.625
doing the same as a worker
40 or 50 years old.

00:51:59.792 --> 00:52:02.083
He'd do a large piece and you did
a small one, but it was the same.

00:52:02.250 --> 00:52:06.000
He had a huge machine and I had a small one.

00:52:06.167 --> 00:52:09.583
At the school conditions were worse,
there was no OHS.

00:52:09.750 --> 00:52:13.750
The beautiful term "occupational
health and safety" is modern.

00:52:14.208 --> 00:52:17.292
At the school there were no hoists,

00:52:17.458 --> 00:52:20.125
no gloves, no safety boots

00:52:20.292 --> 00:52:22.417
and no trolleys to move the pieces.

00:52:22.625 --> 00:52:25.000
So a guy in 3rd year...

00:52:25.167 --> 00:52:28.375
was like a god, and you,
in first, were a nobody.

00:52:28.583 --> 00:52:31.667
The 3rd-year guy would say:
"Kid, bring me some iron."

00:52:31.833 --> 00:52:34.708
"But what iron?"
"Just go get it from stores."

00:52:34.875 --> 00:52:37.792
To make a piece like this ashtray,

00:52:38.999 --> 00:52:42.708
a bar 2 metres long and 70 cm
in diameter had to be shifted,

00:52:42.875 --> 00:52:46.292
weighing 200 kilos,
by three 14-year-old boys,

00:52:46.458 --> 00:52:49.000
No hoist, no gloves,

00:52:49.167 --> 00:52:51.583
no boots or trolley.

00:52:51.750 --> 00:52:54.042
The three of us moving that iron,
we couldn't do it.

00:52:54.208 --> 00:52:58.208
In was in the middle and the boys
on either end couldn't carry it.

00:52:58.708 --> 00:53:01.875
200 kilos of iron fell on my toes.

00:53:02.000 --> 00:53:05.000
I still feel the aftereffects.
My nails were ripped out.

00:53:06.292 --> 00:53:08.875
I bled and screamed
like you wouldn't believe

00:53:09.000 --> 00:53:10.958
and said "What is this?

00:53:11.083 --> 00:53:14.583
Why have I had an accident?
I'm only 14!"

00:53:14.750 --> 00:53:18.042
The ambulance came,
the medic saw my feet and said:

00:53:18.208 --> 00:53:21.125
"To Emergencies.
Siren on." And I went.

00:53:21.292 --> 00:53:24.667
At Emergencies they were shocked
to have to deal with a 14-year-old

00:53:24.833 --> 00:53:27.250
with a work accident.
But that was our life.

00:53:28.792 --> 00:53:31.458
You learned a trade,
and at 14 that also meant

00:53:31.667 --> 00:53:33.208
working in the trade.

00:53:33.375 --> 00:53:35.417
And if the conditions were bad,
so be it.

00:53:35.625 --> 00:53:39.375
You can't complain much,
it's a living for life

00:53:39.583 --> 00:53:43.583
I earned a living and I'm not
playing the martyr here.

00:53:43.999 --> 00:53:46.625
You have to accept the risk
that at 14

00:53:46.792 --> 00:53:48.333
you're living a man's life.

00:53:48.542 --> 00:53:51.417
At 14, I'm embarrassed to say this,
but I was pre-pubescent,

00:53:51.625 --> 00:53:56.667
I had no hair on my balls,
and I already had a man's job.

00:53:56.833 --> 00:54:00.625
I had no hair on my balls,
but I already had a man's job.

00:54:02.292 --> 00:54:05.750
You know work before sex,
before money,

00:54:05.917 --> 00:54:09.167
you know work before love,
before anything.

00:54:09.333 --> 00:54:11.208
That was a worker's life in the 80s.

00:54:11.375 --> 00:54:14.625
We're the last generation
of child labourers in this country.

00:54:14.792 --> 00:54:16.875
You know work
before everything else.

00:54:17.000 --> 00:54:20.042
Now you know everything before work.
Life has changed, eh?

00:54:20.208 --> 00:54:24.167
You know everything before work
and before it was the opposite.

00:54:25.208 --> 00:54:27.750
It was hard.
For a teenager it was hard.

00:54:27.917 --> 00:54:30.999
Also that year,
this is very personal, but...

00:54:31.125 --> 00:54:33.958
When I turned 14,
my father got sick,

00:54:34.083 --> 00:54:36.333
and I realized he was going to die.

00:54:37.375 --> 00:54:39.208
I realized for sure

00:54:39.375 --> 00:54:41.792
that his conditions
were going to kill him.

00:54:42.875 --> 00:54:45.917
My father went deaf,
also because of work.

00:54:46.042 --> 00:54:48.542
Due to his sicknesses,
plus the lack of safety or hygiene.

00:54:48.708 --> 00:54:51.125
"Where do we put the deafest?"
Where it was noisiest, the compressors.

00:54:51.292 --> 00:54:54.792
The poor man spent 40 years there
with hearing trouble

00:54:54.958 --> 00:54:57.875
and ear operations...
In the end he went deaf

00:54:58.000 --> 00:55:00.750
and, unfortunately,
he became an alcoholic.

00:55:00.917 --> 00:55:03.125
My father was an upright man,

00:55:03.292 --> 00:55:06.458
I have a good memory of him,
an upright man, churchgoing,

00:55:06.667 --> 00:55:10.667
a man of traditional customs.

00:55:11.125 --> 00:55:14.667
And he went off the rails badly.

00:55:14.833 --> 00:55:17.792
There were no psychologists then,
no treatment, nothing,

00:55:17.958 --> 00:55:20.542
he really went off the rails...

00:55:20.708 --> 00:55:23.625
sadness, depression, deafness,
sadness, depression, alcohol.

00:55:23.792 --> 00:55:27.583
Cigarettes, alcohol, cigarettes,
alcohol, cigarettes, alcohol...

00:55:29.042 --> 00:55:31.792
And I understood that
my father was going to die.

00:55:31.958 --> 00:55:34.792
My father smoked three packs
of cigarettes a day,

00:55:34.958 --> 00:55:38.958
he drank three bottles of wine
every day and he didn't eat...

00:55:39.083 --> 00:55:41.125
At 14 you discover
your father's going to die

00:55:41.292 --> 00:55:44.208
because it'll hit his stomach,
his heart, his kidneys,

00:55:44.375 --> 00:55:47.375
or his liver, but it will.
He couldn't survive like this.

00:55:47.583 --> 00:55:49.750
Those were three horrible years,

00:55:49.917 --> 00:55:52.458
from when he got sick
until I was 17.

00:55:52.667 --> 00:55:54.667
When I was 17, my father died.

00:55:54.833 --> 00:55:57.458
So I knew I'd have to work
in the company my whole life,

00:55:57.667 --> 00:56:01.167
because my mother's widowed
with a pension of 300 euros.

00:56:01.333 --> 00:56:03.042
Today it'd be 300 euros.

00:56:03.208 --> 00:56:06.583
My mother's not paying
for my degree...

00:56:06.750 --> 00:56:08.708
I have to fend for myself.

00:56:08.875 --> 00:56:11.417
I have no father for support,
he's dead,

00:56:11.625 --> 00:56:13.000
and my mother can't do it.

00:56:13.167 --> 00:56:16.458
My father's family

00:56:16.667 --> 00:56:19.042
was what they called "leftist".

00:56:19.208 --> 00:56:22.375
I don't know if they all were,
but my father was.

00:56:22.583 --> 00:56:24.792
If your father was a leftist,
you were too,

00:56:24.958 --> 00:56:27.625
if your father was a Falangist,
you were too.

00:56:27.792 --> 00:56:30.458
My dad's family was leftist.

00:56:30.667 --> 00:56:34.667
They came looking for my uncle,

00:56:34.833 --> 00:56:36.750
who's older than my father,

00:56:36.917 --> 00:56:39.708
and since he'd fled to Madrid,
they took my father.

00:56:39.875 --> 00:56:43.458
At 17 they took him to Madrid.
To Guadarrama, I think.

00:56:44.542 --> 00:56:47.083
And there he did military service.

00:56:47.250 --> 00:56:49.875
It was two or three years
of military service.

00:56:50.000 --> 00:56:51.917
The war began and he went.

00:56:52.958 --> 00:56:54.542
When the war was over,

00:56:54.708 --> 00:56:58.333
they took him to Larache, to Africa,

00:56:58.542 --> 00:57:01.458
to what they called...
It was a concentration camp.

00:57:01.667 --> 00:57:03.667
They called them
"disciplinary battalions".

00:57:03.833 --> 00:57:07.000
They had them building roads,

00:57:08.625 --> 00:57:11.333
chipping rocks,
the classic movie thing,

00:57:12.167 --> 00:57:13.333
they were poorly fed...

00:57:13.542 --> 00:57:16.292
I remember my father telling us

00:57:16.458 --> 00:57:20.042
the water they used to
soak the chick peas...

00:57:20.208 --> 00:57:22.958
was their food.

00:57:23.083 --> 00:57:25.917
And for them that was...
a "Sunday treat."

00:57:26.958 --> 00:57:29.625
Poorly fed, malnourished,
poorly dressed,

00:57:29.792 --> 00:57:31.417
a lot of hardships...

00:57:31.625 --> 00:57:33.999
I think that really affects a person,

00:57:35.000 --> 00:57:37.667
because my father was never

00:57:37.833 --> 00:57:40.999
a spendthrift, he was always
watching his pennies.

00:57:41.125 --> 00:57:43.999
He had five children too.
That's a factor.

00:57:44.125 --> 00:57:46.958
"The hunger years", he'd say.
When we refused to eat something:

00:57:47.083 --> 00:57:49.542
"If only you'd been
in the hunger years..."

00:57:49.708 --> 00:57:52.042
With one tin or sardines
the whole family had to eat.

00:57:52.208 --> 00:57:55.000
My mother bought milk...
They'd put water in it.

00:57:55.167 --> 00:57:57.167
She'd add more water to it.

00:57:58.083 --> 00:58:00.999
He came home after 6 years.

00:58:02.625 --> 00:58:06.167
And he went back to farming.

00:58:06.333 --> 00:58:09.167
That's what his family
did then, farming.

00:58:09.333 --> 00:58:10.542
He had some olive trees,

00:58:12.042 --> 00:58:13.292
some wheat, barley...

00:58:14.083 --> 00:58:16.750
And with that... we all got by.

00:58:18.250 --> 00:58:21.083
He was very much an atheist.
Priests for my father

00:58:22.125 --> 00:58:24.083
and the Guardia Civil, no way.

00:58:25.208 --> 00:58:28.708
-So that experience...
-Yes, it affected him.

00:58:28.875 --> 00:58:30.917
It affected him a lot.

00:58:31.958 --> 00:58:33.667
I remember that...

00:58:33.833 --> 00:58:37.833
when democracy came in Spain,

00:58:38.125 --> 00:58:41.125
is one of the few times
I've seen my father cry. Cry.

00:58:42.999 --> 00:58:44.333
When Franco died,

00:58:46.708 --> 00:58:47.833
that was...

00:58:48.875 --> 00:58:50.458
It wasn't a party,

00:58:50.667 --> 00:58:54.167
but my father breathed out,
saying "Finally!"

00:58:55.250 --> 00:58:58.333
He had a bad time. Very, very bad.

00:58:58.542 --> 00:59:02.000
He didn't tell us much,
he didn't tell "war stories", but...

00:59:03.375 --> 00:59:07.208
all of them packed in there,
if a rat went by he'd catch it.

00:59:08.250 --> 00:59:10.708
Catch it and eat it. A rat!

00:59:11.917 --> 00:59:15.125
I mean, hunger... and then some.

00:59:15.292 --> 00:59:16.583
He had a tough time.

00:59:17.625 --> 00:59:19.208
But he recovered.

00:59:19.375 --> 00:59:24.375
My father died of a heart attack,

00:59:24.583 --> 00:59:27.167
but in the final years

00:59:27.333 --> 00:59:29.083
he'd really deteriorated.

00:59:29.250 --> 00:59:31.917
My father didn't drink or smoke.
He never had,

00:59:33.208 --> 00:59:35.083
but he was burnt out,

00:59:35.250 --> 00:59:39.208
really worn out,
really worn out.

00:59:39.375 --> 00:59:42.542
I spoke to a doctor,
six years before my father died,

00:59:42.708 --> 00:59:44.083
he was in a bad patch.

00:59:44.250 --> 00:59:46.708
In two months he'd had
four heart attacks and two thromboses.

00:59:48.208 --> 00:59:52.208
I said: "Damn it, he doesn't smoke
or drink. All he does is work."

00:59:52.542 --> 00:59:55.750
He said: "He went through a war,
and it leaves a mark on your heart.

00:59:56.917 --> 01:00:00.292
It's not just that his heart
that is taking a beating,

01:00:01.417 --> 01:00:03.333
it's emotional as well."

01:00:03.542 --> 01:00:06.875
And the mark it left on him

01:00:07.000 --> 01:00:09.125
dragged him down all the time,

01:00:10.375 --> 01:00:11.875
and his heart killed him.

01:00:12.333 --> 01:00:14.875
Life in Bazán was...

01:00:16.042 --> 01:00:18.292
His end there was hard because...

01:00:19.333 --> 01:00:22.167
when there was this "reconversion"
of the company,

01:00:24.292 --> 01:00:26.958
some left, others stayed,

01:00:27.083 --> 01:00:29.458
and he was one of those that left.

01:00:29.667 --> 01:00:32.875
They gave him compensation,

01:00:34.083 --> 01:00:37.625
and he and some co-workers

01:00:37.792 --> 01:00:39.583
decided to start a business.

01:00:40.792 --> 01:00:42.875
In the end,

01:00:43.000 --> 01:00:46.125
the crisis hit them hard.

01:00:46.292 --> 01:00:48.999
They ended up closing the company

01:00:50.667 --> 01:00:53.417
and he and his co-workers

01:00:53.625 --> 01:00:55.167
lost everything

01:00:55.333 --> 01:00:58.208
because you don't expect it

01:00:58.375 --> 01:01:01.167
to go that way, the company,

01:01:01.333 --> 01:01:05.292
the financial situation,
the social situation...

01:01:05.458 --> 01:01:07.250
What sort of company was it?

01:01:07.417 --> 01:01:10.583
I think it was something similar,

01:01:10.750 --> 01:01:12.375
but I don't remember exactly.

01:01:12.583 --> 01:01:15.083
They set it up around Pacheco.

01:01:15.250 --> 01:01:18.000
But was it machinery?
Or hardware?

01:01:18.167 --> 01:01:19.417
Something like that.

01:01:19.625 --> 01:01:22.375
And they had to go into debt

01:01:22.583 --> 01:01:24.750
-with their own houses to...
-Sure,

01:01:24.917 --> 01:01:28.250
he put his house up as collateral.

01:01:28.417 --> 01:01:32.042
Then, when the crisis came,

01:01:32.208 --> 01:01:33.792
he lost everything.

01:01:33.958 --> 01:01:36.708
He lost his company, his house,

01:01:38.583 --> 01:01:42.333
and he and his family,
with three kids,

01:01:42.542 --> 01:01:46.250
had to move back into
his father-in-law's house,

01:01:47.292 --> 01:01:49.750
my mother's father.

01:01:49.917 --> 01:01:51.458
And...

01:01:51.667 --> 01:01:54.458
it's not the same living with
your family in your house

01:01:54.667 --> 01:01:56.083
and then going back,

01:01:56.250 --> 01:01:59.750
in this case, my mother
to her parents' house,

01:01:59.917 --> 01:02:02.833
to start again, to get through it,

01:02:02.999 --> 01:02:05.999
when you've lost everything,
you have nothing left,

01:02:07.167 --> 01:02:08.292
because of a crisis.

01:02:10.667 --> 01:02:12.417
Do you have clear memories
of this period?

01:02:13.458 --> 01:02:17.375
I was very young. In fact,...

01:02:17.583 --> 01:02:20.208
at a demonstration

01:02:20.375 --> 01:02:22.875
over the diversion of the track,
for the rights of Alumbres,

01:02:23.000 --> 01:02:24.625
-my father died.
-What's that?

01:02:24.792 --> 01:02:26.833
Yes, it got him there.

01:02:26.999 --> 01:02:29.667
He was going to a demonstration,

01:02:29.833 --> 01:02:33.333
I can't recall if it was about
the diversion of the track,

01:02:33.542 --> 01:02:36.167
but it affected Alumbres and...

01:02:36.333 --> 01:02:39.292
he had a heart attack.
It was very sudden.

01:02:39.458 --> 01:02:41.917
He died there.
I was only 8 years old,

01:02:42.042 --> 01:02:45.208
so I don't remember much...

01:02:46.292 --> 01:02:48.250
of that period.

01:02:48.417 --> 01:02:51.417
But when it happened,

01:02:51.625 --> 01:02:53.625
the eviction and losing everything,

01:02:53.792 --> 01:02:56.333
I would've been

01:02:56.542 --> 01:02:58.958
4, 5 or 6 years old.

01:02:59.083 --> 01:03:02.000
I was very little,
I don't remember clearly

01:03:02.167 --> 01:03:04.167
certain things that happened,

01:03:04.333 --> 01:03:06.917
but sure, in the end,

01:03:07.042 --> 01:03:10.458
although I don't remember it,
I experienced it.

01:03:10.667 --> 01:03:13.375
In fact, I'm still in the house

01:03:13.583 --> 01:03:17.583
that my parents went to,
my grandparents' place.

01:03:19.583 --> 01:03:21.625
I still suffer the consequences.

01:03:31.292 --> 01:03:35.292
Now you can hand in your film
when you enter Continente,

01:03:35.667 --> 01:03:39.125
do your shopping and pick up
your photos on the way out.

01:03:39.292 --> 01:03:41.167
All in one trip.

01:03:41.333 --> 01:03:44.833
Fotorapid. On the ground floor
of Continente.

01:03:44.999 --> 01:03:46.375
RAPID DEVELOPING IN 40 MINUTES

01:03:47.708 --> 01:03:50.708
Something big is happening
in Europe today:

01:03:50.875 --> 01:03:54.000
the largest European project
on beach recovery,

01:03:59.417 --> 01:04:03.417
the largest European project
on sporting facilities.

01:04:06.542 --> 01:04:08.708
OVER 75 NEW SPORTING FACILITIES

01:04:14.542 --> 01:04:18.375
The largest European project
on town planning and services.

01:04:29.125 --> 01:04:32.292
The largest European project
on communication routes.

01:04:39.417 --> 01:04:42.917
The largest European project
on quality of life.

01:04:43.042 --> 01:04:46.042
Here, in this country,
it's becoming a reality.

01:04:46.208 --> 01:04:49.333
The largest economic and social
European project of the time

01:04:49.542 --> 01:04:53.042
for the benefit of everyone:
Barcelona '92.

01:04:53.208 --> 01:04:56.667
The largest European project today
is for you.

01:04:56.833 --> 01:05:00.292
-It's big, I'm telling you.
-Do you like squid too?

01:05:01.375 --> 01:05:03.292
He does. Belén too.

01:05:04.875 --> 01:05:05.875
Alright, fish.

01:05:06.000 --> 01:05:07.250
TV NEWS

01:05:07.417 --> 01:05:10.750
It's different to meat.

01:05:10.917 --> 01:05:11.958
FEBRUARY 2, '92

01:05:12.083 --> 01:05:15.708
Boris Yeltsin returns to Russia
after reaching a compromise with Bush

01:05:15.875 --> 01:05:18.000
to reduce the nuclear arsenals.

01:05:18.167 --> 01:05:21.917
The Salvadoran army and the guerrillas
withdraw to agreed-on zones

01:05:22.042 --> 01:05:23.750
in the plan signed at the UN.

01:05:23.917 --> 01:05:26.167
The Catalan bishops
begin a conference

01:05:26.333 --> 01:05:29.167
to study the calling of
a Council in the region.

01:05:29.333 --> 01:05:31.875
Spain was eliminated today
from the Davis Cup

01:05:32.000 --> 01:05:36.208
when Emilio Sánchez-Vicario
lost to Italian Omar Camporese.

01:05:37.167 --> 01:05:38.208
News on TVE-1...

01:05:38.375 --> 01:05:41.167
Is your head so heavy
you have to hold it up?

01:05:41.333 --> 01:05:43.625
-Sure.
-Good God... Listen.

01:05:43.792 --> 01:05:44.833
-Wait.
-Careful.

01:05:44.999 --> 01:05:47.875
Cut it up.

01:05:48.000 --> 01:05:51.833
Sure. You didn't tell me.
I cut the other one up.

01:05:51.999 --> 01:05:55.125
-Do you want some lean meat?
-Cut off that piece.

01:05:58.750 --> 01:05:59.917
-This piece?
-Yes.

01:06:00.042 --> 01:06:04.000
Give that lean meat to Salva,
he'll like it.

01:06:05.833 --> 01:06:08.417
See? This lean piece.

01:06:08.625 --> 01:06:10.708
You like it, eh?

01:06:10.875 --> 01:06:13.542
No? Like this? Or more?

01:06:13.708 --> 01:06:16.583
Careful with the bone.

01:06:16.750 --> 01:06:18.792
Look. Look.

01:06:19.833 --> 01:06:23.167
Pass me Salva's plate,
I'll put this lean piece on it.

01:06:23.333 --> 01:06:26.250
No, no.

01:06:26.417 --> 01:06:28.875
-When he's finished this.
-Why?

01:06:29.000 --> 01:06:32.042
If he sees too much, he'll worry.

01:06:32.208 --> 01:06:34.333
-He doesn't have much.
-He's like Grandpa.

01:06:34.542 --> 01:06:35.958
He's like me.

01:06:37.750 --> 01:06:40.708
Aren't you like Grandpa?
Eh, Salva?

01:06:40.875 --> 01:06:41.958
Sure.

01:06:43.167 --> 01:06:45.250
-That's why he has the same name.
-Sure.

01:06:45.417 --> 01:06:48.750
-Grandpa doesn't like paella much.
-He's eating it.

01:06:48.917 --> 01:06:50.750
...at yesterday's meeting

01:06:50.917 --> 01:06:52.999
supported by all the parties
and the leading unions

01:06:53.125 --> 01:06:54.542
of the Basque Country and Navarra.

01:06:54.708 --> 01:06:58.333
It's an act against those supporting
the right to the self-determination

01:06:58.542 --> 01:06:59.792
of the Basque people.

01:07:01.333 --> 01:07:02.708
Then you...?

01:07:04.208 --> 01:07:05.999
Did you tell her your marks?

01:07:06.125 --> 01:07:09.250
The EEC ratified in Maastricht
the treaty on the future Europe.

01:07:09.417 --> 01:07:11.208
-9.5.
-The Dutch city...

01:07:11.375 --> 01:07:13.708
will be the scene of
the signing of this treaty...

01:07:13.875 --> 01:07:16.625
What's that? 9.5?

01:07:18.375 --> 01:07:20.750
My school's going on
a trip to England,

01:07:20.917 --> 01:07:22.917
but I don't want to go,
it's really far away.

01:07:23.042 --> 01:07:25.042
You don't want to go?
You told me you did.

01:07:25.208 --> 01:07:27.833
Well, I'll try. I don't know.

01:07:27.999 --> 01:07:30.625
Encarni is going, Carmen is going,
your teacher's going.

01:07:30.792 --> 01:07:33.292
-Where?
-To England.

01:07:34.999 --> 01:07:38.583
England. The school's going.

01:07:38.750 --> 01:07:41.292
-My godmother doesn't want me to go.
-When is it?

01:07:41.458 --> 01:07:44.375
We don't know yet,
the meeting's on the 21st.

01:07:44.583 --> 01:07:47.292
You could go,
some mothers can go.

01:07:47.458 --> 01:07:50.292
Only teachers are going.

01:07:50.458 --> 01:07:52.208
If Mum wants to go,
she pays separately.

01:07:52.375 --> 01:07:55.542
...irreversible signature:
entrance to the future EU...

01:07:55.708 --> 01:07:57.542
How long?

01:07:57.708 --> 01:08:00.417
-I don't know, at the meeting...
-And the 22nd is

01:08:00.625 --> 01:08:03.000
to discuss the school graduation trip.

01:08:03.167 --> 01:08:06.125
The 21st is the meeting for England.
And the 22nd...?

01:08:06.292 --> 01:08:09.583
For the school study trip.

01:08:09.750 --> 01:08:11.792
How was Geography on Friday

01:08:11.958 --> 01:08:14.875
-on the map of Spain?
-The exam.

01:08:15.000 --> 01:08:17.542
-Oh, true.
-And the map of Europe.

01:08:18.625 --> 01:08:22.417
I only didn't know one thing
and on Monday they're letting us...

01:08:22.625 --> 01:08:26.042
Almost nobody finished, so they're
giving us 15 minutes the next day.

01:08:26.208 --> 01:08:28.917
-Was it on Spain or Europe?
-What you didn't know.

01:08:31.667 --> 01:08:33.167
What didn't you know?

01:08:33.333 --> 01:08:37.000
-Where the Balkans were.
-Well, that's...

01:08:37.167 --> 01:08:40.542
-Right, but I didn't know it.
-We mentioned that,

01:08:40.708 --> 01:08:44.000
-loads of times.
-But there were so many things.

01:08:44.167 --> 01:08:48.167
-We had Language that day too.
-Grandpa knows almost all the capitals.

01:08:48.999 --> 01:08:52.167
Sure. I don't, but Grandpa does.

01:08:52.333 --> 01:08:54.583
We've been doing the capitals,

01:08:54.750 --> 01:08:57.625
-the ranges, the mountains...
-The depressions.

01:08:57.792 --> 01:08:59.458
The seas of Europe.

01:08:59.667 --> 01:09:01.875
The depression of the Guadalquivir
and the Ebro.

01:09:02.000 --> 01:09:04.833
...the presidents of the two
historic rival powers...

01:09:06.792 --> 01:09:09.000
-You're not eating salad?
-Yes, I will now.

01:09:10.083 --> 01:09:13.958
-I'll take this off, it's fat.
-The exam was Social Studies.

01:09:15.458 --> 01:09:19.042
-It was the same day as Language.
-Careful, don't get dirty.

01:09:19.208 --> 01:09:22.458
-That's it, Language.
-No need to study for Maths.

01:09:22.667 --> 01:09:24.667
-How was Language?
-Good.

01:09:24.833 --> 01:09:26.292
-Leave it here.
-Okay.

01:09:26.458 --> 01:09:31.708
-If the teacher wasn't so lazy...
-Do you want a little?

01:09:31.875 --> 01:09:34.125
-No, this is plenty.
-...to end the remnants

01:09:34.292 --> 01:09:37.250
of the Cold War and reduce
strategic weapons,

01:09:37.417 --> 01:09:40.375
as well as collaborating
to consolidate relations

01:09:40.583 --> 01:09:42.542
founded on friendship and cooperation.

01:09:43.875 --> 01:09:46.583
Meanwhile,
the main Russians in opposition

01:09:46.750 --> 01:09:49.458
criticized Yeltsin today at
the World Economic Forum in Davos.

01:09:49.667 --> 01:09:51.792
You're eating everything, eh?

01:09:54.458 --> 01:09:57.958
-I don't like rice? There you go.
-A whole plate.

01:09:58.083 --> 01:10:00.208
-It turned out great today.
-Oh, yes?

01:10:01.250 --> 01:10:03.458
-I was very inspired.
-Sure.

01:10:03.667 --> 01:10:06.292
-When you do it fast, it's good.
-Sure.

01:10:06.458 --> 01:10:07.458
Sure.

01:10:07.667 --> 01:10:09.875
Do you want a drink?
A beer or something?

01:10:10.000 --> 01:10:13.583
-Yes, a beer, Raúl.
-Do you want a Fanta Orange?

01:10:14.625 --> 01:10:17.292
-Okay.
-A Fanta Orange, Raúl.

01:10:17.458 --> 01:10:18.708
-Thank you.
-Please.

01:10:20.667 --> 01:10:22.042
-For the boy no.
-No.

01:10:22.208 --> 01:10:24.042
For Belén.

01:10:24.208 --> 01:10:27.958
...due to instability of
the old Soviet Union.

01:10:28.750 --> 01:10:30.958
Germany' Finance Minister
announced an urgent trip...

01:10:33.458 --> 01:10:36.458
AND THE WORLD EATS YOU UP

01:11:11.000 --> 01:11:13.333
-Was it the three of golds?
-Someone start bluffing.

01:11:16.208 --> 01:11:18.958
Who has the three of golds?

01:11:19.083 --> 01:11:20.750
That's typical.

01:11:20.917 --> 01:11:22.917
-Do you have the three of golds?
-No.

01:11:25.375 --> 01:11:27.625
-Who has the three of golds?
-I do.

01:11:27.792 --> 01:11:28.750
-Ole!
-Thanks!

01:11:28.917 --> 01:11:31.833
Fuck, I was about to tell you.

01:11:32.292 --> 01:11:34.875
I'll start on water...
What a lie.

01:11:35.999 --> 01:11:37.208
-Cheers.
-Ole!

01:11:39.708 --> 01:11:42.792
I always say
"I'll wait a bit before drinking"

01:11:42.958 --> 01:11:46.708
-and it's a lie.
-Don't make excuses. 'Fess up.

01:11:46.999 --> 01:11:49.958
-So you start Monday, right?
-On Monday, yes.

01:11:52.458 --> 01:11:54.167
You don't know for how long?

01:11:57.625 --> 01:12:00.625
They're making submarines,
I hope to stay...

01:12:00.792 --> 01:12:03.208
He said there was work
for 3 or 4 years.

01:12:03.375 --> 01:12:06.000
-Whatever he says...
-Believe half of it.

01:12:06.167 --> 01:12:07.167
Sure.

01:12:08.208 --> 01:12:11.125
-You saw it, you came with me.
-Right.

01:12:11.292 --> 01:12:13.667
He said there was work
for 3 or 4 years.

01:12:14.708 --> 01:12:16.417
That's what I thought too.

01:12:18.917 --> 01:12:20.958
There's no work for 3
or 4 years there?

01:12:21.083 --> 01:12:23.792
I don't know, you tell me.
I'm not in that section.

01:12:26.208 --> 01:12:28.667
-We hope so.
-Yes, I think so.

01:12:28.833 --> 01:12:31.875
As well as the way he spoke,
he seems like a solid guy.

01:12:32.000 --> 01:12:35.250
Yes, but they're all "hot air",
because then they say:

01:12:35.417 --> 01:12:38.000
"Yes, I'll hire you, I will."

01:12:38.999 --> 01:12:42.625
It'll be for 3 or 4 years
at least, I swear.

01:12:42.792 --> 01:12:45.292
Drop everything,

01:12:45.458 --> 01:12:49.000
-you've got 3 or 4 years' work."
-Do you think I'm like him?

01:12:50.667 --> 01:12:52.792
Well, you're a bit dumber,

01:12:54.000 --> 01:12:55.999
but maybe...

01:12:56.125 --> 01:12:58.833
You think they'll trick me?

01:12:58.999 --> 01:13:01.667
Fuck, I trick you.

01:13:01.833 --> 01:13:03.625
-You do?
-Don't shit me.

01:13:04.917 --> 01:13:07.708
He said to them:
"Mercenary! Son of a bitch!"

01:13:07.875 --> 01:13:11.125
And I said: "Shut up..."

01:13:11.292 --> 01:13:13.417
Reinaldo his name was.

01:13:13.625 --> 01:13:15.917
I said: "Shut up,
they're coming this way."

01:13:16.042 --> 01:13:18.125
We were there in that hut.

01:13:18.292 --> 01:13:21.417
We saw them attacked...

01:13:22.458 --> 01:13:24.625
three thousand of them...

01:13:24.792 --> 01:13:27.833
From the bridge at Quitapellejos

01:13:27.999 --> 01:13:30.750
to Puerta de la Cortadura,
it's called,

01:13:30.917 --> 01:13:32.708
it was all full of people.

01:13:34.875 --> 01:13:37.083
The cops beat up a friend of mine,

01:13:37.250 --> 01:13:39.250
a union man.

01:13:39.417 --> 01:13:41.958
Garay, he's from La Unión.

01:13:42.999 --> 01:13:46.833
And I went quiet

01:13:46.999 --> 01:13:50.708
because I couldn't say anything.

01:13:50.875 --> 01:13:53.833
Well, I could, but I couldn't say

01:13:53.999 --> 01:13:56.417
"son of a bitch", "fascist"
or "dickhead"

01:13:56.625 --> 01:13:57.917
because I was...

01:13:58.958 --> 01:14:02.208
Well, I liked Franco. Excuse me.

01:14:02.375 --> 01:14:05.333
I liked Franco. Excuse me.

01:14:05.542 --> 01:14:07.875
I liked Franco.

01:14:08.000 --> 01:14:11.542
-No, anyone here can...
-No, but...

01:14:11.708 --> 01:14:14.042
-don't get me wrong.
-Sure, sure.

01:14:15.333 --> 01:14:19.792
With Franco I lived
much better than now.

01:14:20.083 --> 01:14:22.583
Just look at Calle Mayor.

01:14:22.750 --> 01:14:25.917
The streets further back

01:14:26.042 --> 01:14:30.042
are completely neglected,
even just the cleaning.

01:14:30.708 --> 01:14:34.000
The street sweeping machines
do Calle Mayor and little else

01:14:34.167 --> 01:14:37.583
-and the streets in back, nothing.
-In my area it's once a week.

01:14:37.750 --> 01:14:40.292
-Once? Well...
-Thursdays.

01:14:40.458 --> 01:14:42.750
In mine not even once a week,

01:14:42.917 --> 01:14:46.125
maybe once a fortnight
the machine goes by.

01:14:46.292 --> 01:14:49.083
I have to go out and tell them
to go down my street.

01:14:49.250 --> 01:14:51.750
Even if we do say it, they don't.

01:14:51.917 --> 01:14:54.167
They don't do it.

01:14:54.333 --> 01:14:57.999
-It looks clean, yeah, sure.
-And bins? They don't exist.

01:14:58.125 --> 01:15:00.999
-Half of them are broken.
-There are a few on Calle Real

01:15:01.125 --> 01:15:02.833
and loads on Calle Mayor.

01:15:02.999 --> 01:15:05.292
Just the poles are left
in almost all cases.

01:15:05.458 --> 01:15:07.708
And a bench disappears
and they don't replace it.

01:15:07.875 --> 01:15:11.458
And the mirrors? It's not just
the Council, it's vandalism.

01:15:12.542 --> 01:15:15.750
But the Council should replace them.

01:15:15.917 --> 01:15:19.125
The concave mirrors
at the top of streets

01:15:19.292 --> 01:15:21.833
to see around corners,
to see the cars coming.

01:15:21.999 --> 01:15:24.333
In my street we come out like...

01:15:24.542 --> 01:15:28.542
The mirror there was up
for only a fortnight.

01:15:28.875 --> 01:15:30.958
20 days later they put it up again

01:15:31.083 --> 01:15:33.125
and it lasted under a fortnight.

01:15:33.292 --> 01:15:35.667
And they stopped.
Even the pole was taken.

01:15:35.833 --> 01:15:39.625
-They don't put up any now.
-In my area they took a bench.

01:15:39.792 --> 01:15:42.292
A bench? The ones that
are anchored to the ground?

01:15:42.458 --> 01:15:45.042
Two Gypsies
carrying away the bench.

01:15:45.208 --> 01:15:46.708
I don't know where they'd take it.

01:15:46.875 --> 01:15:50.417
What's the reason behind
this situation?

01:15:50.625 --> 01:15:52.833
-The Council you mean?
-Why this kind of vandalism?

01:15:52.999 --> 01:15:54.999
We were already told

01:15:55.125 --> 01:15:57.667
by a resident of La Unión
about this problem.

01:15:57.833 --> 01:16:00.083
There's a lot of vandalism. A lot.

01:16:00.250 --> 01:16:03.042
Firstly, there's no work.

01:16:03.208 --> 01:16:05.875
Some may do it because
they feel like it.

01:16:06.000 --> 01:16:09.375
Not being racist, but the Gypsies
do it because they feel like it.

01:16:09.583 --> 01:16:12.417
But there's no work,
there's really no work.

01:16:13.625 --> 01:16:16.125
They say it's the town...

01:16:16.292 --> 01:16:18.625
...with the highest unemployment
in all of Murcia.

01:16:18.792 --> 01:16:21.875
-Maybe, but...
-What work is there in La Unión?

01:16:22.000 --> 01:16:25.625
Nothing. We all work
outside La Unión.

01:16:25.792 --> 01:16:29.250
-There's no work.
-It's almost a "dormitory city"

01:16:29.417 --> 01:16:33.958
because we work outside
and only come home to sleep.

01:16:34.083 --> 01:16:37.917
People in hostelry can go to
La Manga to work in summer...

01:16:38.042 --> 01:16:41.125
But in La Manga,
the luckiest ones

01:16:41.292 --> 01:16:44.375
have six months work, no more.

01:16:44.583 --> 01:16:48.208
Then everyone's on the dole.
If they give it to you.

01:16:48.625 --> 01:16:50.875
What happens in the fields?

01:16:51.000 --> 01:16:53.708
Before, people in hostelry especially

01:16:53.875 --> 01:16:55.917
worked in winter in the fields.

01:16:56.042 --> 01:16:59.917
But now you've got foreign labour
that's cheap,

01:17:00.042 --> 01:17:02.333
then they say "Spaniards
don't want to work there."

01:17:02.542 --> 01:17:03.958
I think they do,

01:17:04.083 --> 01:17:07.999
but if a Spaniard costs
the owner 15

01:17:08.125 --> 01:17:10.917
and the foreigner 10,
he naturally chooses the foreigner.

01:17:11.042 --> 01:17:13.417
-The cheaper one, of course.
-They keep them in bunkhouses

01:17:13.625 --> 01:17:17.375
living rough,
but it pays off for them.

01:17:17.583 --> 01:17:21.333
Lots of Murcian crops,
and what do we Murcians eat?

01:17:21.542 --> 01:17:23.208
It all goes abroad.

01:17:23.375 --> 01:17:26.875
The famous tomatoes.
I still haven't eaten any.

01:17:27.000 --> 01:17:30.333
They're not in the store,
they all go abroad.

01:17:30.542 --> 01:17:32.167
-It's true.
-It's true.

01:17:32.333 --> 01:17:35.417
If you eat the ones from here,
how much do they cost?

01:17:35.625 --> 01:17:37.292
That's another thing.

01:17:37.458 --> 01:17:39.792
You eat tomatoes from Morocco

01:17:39.958 --> 01:17:41.667
at 1.20 euros,

01:17:41.833 --> 01:17:45.333
and the good tomatoes here
are 3.40 a kilo.

01:17:45.542 --> 01:17:47.167
You say: "No,

01:17:47.333 --> 01:17:49.917
I'll put the cheaper one in the salad."

01:17:50.042 --> 01:17:54.000
You have to export the others
if we don't use them here.

01:17:54.167 --> 01:17:56.417
That's how it is.

01:17:56.625 --> 01:17:59.375
We eat the ones from abroad
and ours are eaten abroad.

01:17:59.583 --> 01:18:00.999
That's the way it is.

01:18:01.125 --> 01:18:03.667
When I go from La Unión
to La Manga to work,...

01:18:03.833 --> 01:18:08.375
My God, the fields of melons.

01:18:08.583 --> 01:18:10.750
I say: "These freshly cut melons

01:18:10.917 --> 01:18:13.999
to the greengrocer's here in town."
I don't see them.

01:18:14.125 --> 01:18:16.792
-No.
-Nowhere.

01:18:16.958 --> 01:18:20.083
My grandma was given a plaque

01:18:20.250 --> 01:18:22.833
for the years my granddad
was in the mine.

01:18:22.999 --> 01:18:25.792
My granddad wasn't a unionist,
he just joined

01:18:25.958 --> 01:18:29.417
a strike where they locked
themselves in the shaft.

01:18:29.625 --> 01:18:32.958
For 8 hours in a mineshaft

01:18:33.083 --> 01:18:35.375
-he got 8 years in jail.
-Jeez.

01:18:35.583 --> 01:18:38.958
Yes, 8 years in jail.
First here in the jail of San Antón,

01:18:39.833 --> 01:18:40.875
here in Cartagena,

01:18:41.000 --> 01:18:44.792
then they took him to a jail
in Palma de Mallorca.

01:18:44.958 --> 01:18:48.958
He was condemned to death twice

01:18:49.458 --> 01:18:52.083
and returned after 8 years
a complete wreck.

01:18:52.250 --> 01:18:55.292
My mother... I was little,
I don't remember well, but...

01:18:55.458 --> 01:18:58.875
but he was a wreck after
8 years in jails.

01:18:59.000 --> 01:19:00.999
A shadow of his former self.

01:19:01.333 --> 01:19:04.083
Look at what my granddad
went through,

01:19:04.250 --> 01:19:07.250
and all the men of that period.

01:19:07.417 --> 01:19:10.458
My mother, 82 years old,
I've heard her say...

01:19:10.667 --> 01:19:13.750
"I can't believe you say that."

01:19:13.917 --> 01:19:16.042
I've heard her say:

01:19:16.208 --> 01:19:19.167
"We complained so much before...
Is it better now?"

01:19:20.458 --> 01:19:24.458
I say: "Mum, your father in jail
for 8 years with two death penalties,

01:19:24.792 --> 01:19:26.792
you were so hungry,

01:19:26.958 --> 01:19:28.875
you'd eat anything..."

01:19:29.000 --> 01:19:31.625
My mother and aunt
got fevers because

01:19:31.792 --> 01:19:35.292
they sucked on a goat's teat

01:19:35.458 --> 01:19:37.583
because there was no milk.

01:19:37.750 --> 01:19:41.375
-They got Malta fever.
-My sister got Malta fever.

01:19:41.583 --> 01:19:45.750
She and her sister almost died.
And I still hear her say,

01:19:45.917 --> 01:19:48.125
which I can hardly believe,

01:19:48.292 --> 01:19:52.042
"We complained so much then,
but listen to me,

01:19:52.208 --> 01:19:54.750
is it really better now
with all these crooks?"

01:19:54.917 --> 01:19:58.208
She still exalts

01:19:58.375 --> 01:20:01.042
that period they went through.

01:20:02.333 --> 01:20:04.542
I'm astounded.

01:20:04.708 --> 01:20:07.375
Yes, it's the same
with the Franco period.

01:20:07.583 --> 01:20:11.042
People yearn for it and you say:
"How can you yearn for Francoism?"

01:20:11.208 --> 01:20:15.625
-It's crazy.
-My mother's one of them.

01:20:15.792 --> 01:20:17.417
"They arrested your father,

01:20:17.625 --> 01:20:20.750
your mother took in washing
to get you some food."

01:20:20.917 --> 01:20:23.250
That's all they could do.

01:20:23.417 --> 01:20:25.583
My grandma said:
"They humiliated me

01:20:25.750 --> 01:20:28.375
when I went to wash the clothes
of the ladies in town."

01:20:28.583 --> 01:20:32.208
"And you're in favour of all that?
It's incredible."

01:20:32.375 --> 01:20:35.750
"We lived more at ease.
You could leave your door open,

01:20:35.917 --> 01:20:38.458
now you have to put on the latch,

01:20:38.667 --> 01:20:42.125
a padlock, a metal shutter...

01:20:42.292 --> 01:20:44.833
-In those days..."
-The doors always open.

01:20:44.999 --> 01:20:46.999
"Houses were always open."

01:20:47.125 --> 01:20:51.125
I say: "Sure, because thieves were..."

01:20:51.292 --> 01:20:53.292
"Off to jail."

01:20:53.458 --> 01:20:56.208
I say: "Now it's a revolving door,

01:20:56.375 --> 01:20:58.999
-they're not so scared of jail."
-That's true too.

01:20:59.125 --> 01:21:01.417
-That's the way it is.
-It is.

01:21:01.625 --> 01:21:04.667
They go in one door...
And if they're minors...!

01:21:05.250 --> 01:21:08.000
-They're out with an allowance.
-Exactly.

01:21:08.167 --> 01:21:09.667
Yes, I know two

01:21:09.833 --> 01:21:13.333
who spent two years in jail,

01:21:13.542 --> 01:21:15.333
-and now they're out...
-On the dole.

01:21:15.542 --> 01:21:17.375
...with 600, almost 700 euros,

01:21:17.583 --> 01:21:19.583
every month for two years.

01:21:19.750 --> 01:21:21.583
-I was amazed.
-It's true.

01:21:21.750 --> 01:21:23.250
That how it is for us.

01:21:26.958 --> 01:21:29.708
Military service?
That'd do you good...

01:21:29.875 --> 01:21:32.875
I think at 18
you leave your parents,

01:21:33.000 --> 01:21:35.958
you leave home
and wake up to yourself.

01:21:36.083 --> 01:21:39.333
Your mentality changes.
If you're a lout, 16 or 17,

01:21:39.542 --> 01:21:42.708
and at 18 they tell you
"Listen, get going",

01:21:42.875 --> 01:21:46.292
and you'll be with people who
give you hell if you misbehave.

01:21:46.458 --> 01:21:49.042
It kind of changes everything.

01:21:49.208 --> 01:21:52.458
They had it in France too.
For two months, not like before.

01:21:52.667 --> 01:21:57.167
We don't do it in Spain because
I guess there's no budget for it.

01:21:57.333 --> 01:21:59.792
I guess, or they just
don't want to do it.

01:21:59.958 --> 01:22:03.958
-I wouldn't do it.
-Yes, I think...

01:22:04.083 --> 01:22:06.958
I spoke to my father,
to my uncles.

01:22:07.083 --> 01:22:10.750
It was rough, but they say
it's the best thing they've done.

01:22:10.917 --> 01:22:13.167
And they made real friends there.

01:22:13.333 --> 01:22:16.999
It's like... it changes your mentality,

01:22:17.125 --> 01:22:19.708
you're not a spoilt brat
when you're 20.

01:22:19.875 --> 01:22:22.667
At 20 you've left home and say:

01:22:22.833 --> 01:22:25.042
-"I went away and made a living."
-So?

01:22:25.208 --> 01:22:27.542
I don't have my parents telling me

01:22:27.708 --> 01:22:30.583
what to do and what I need.

01:22:31.667 --> 01:22:33.000
I think that...

01:22:33.167 --> 01:22:35.958
Yes, I'm totally in favour
of it coming back.

01:22:36.999 --> 01:22:38.708
Yes.

01:22:38.875 --> 01:22:40.875
And I hope they get me
if it does come back.

01:22:41.000 --> 01:22:43.667
-I like the army.
-You'd do military service?

01:22:43.833 --> 01:22:47.542
-Yes, I like the army.
-You wouldn't last two days.

01:22:47.708 --> 01:22:50.833
No way. No, Miguel.

01:22:50.999 --> 01:22:51.999
Not even two days.

01:22:52.125 --> 01:22:56.125
No, I think that once you're in,
your mentality changes.

01:22:56.458 --> 01:22:58.875
A bit, but not you.
They'd throw you out.

01:23:00.417 --> 01:23:03.125
Me too, they'd throw me out
on the first day.

01:23:03.292 --> 01:23:06.708
-Thanks, Raúl.
-I can't even peel potatoes.

01:23:07.833 --> 01:23:10.833
You know there was a movement
in Spain, especially in the 90s,

01:23:12.083 --> 01:23:15.958
of people who opposed
military service?

01:23:17.917 --> 01:23:20.292
I have one leg longer
than the other, I can't go in.

01:23:20.458 --> 01:23:22.999
They ended up in jail
for refusing to do military service.

01:23:23.125 --> 01:23:26.250
They said that the army,

01:23:26.417 --> 01:23:30.125
the discipline, the authority,
went against their ideals

01:23:30.292 --> 01:23:33.999
and were jailed for up to 18 months,
as long a military service.

01:23:34.125 --> 01:23:36.417
-You're going against me.
-How about that?

01:23:37.458 --> 01:23:40.000
Instead of going to jail
for 18 months,

01:23:40.167 --> 01:23:41.583
I'd leave Spain.

01:23:41.750 --> 01:23:43.750
-To avoid military service?
-To avoid military service.

01:23:43.917 --> 01:23:46.667
It's a mentality you have to have
since you were a kid.

01:23:46.833 --> 01:23:49.708
You have to go. It's just a duty.

01:23:49.875 --> 01:23:53.167
You come of age and at 18,

01:23:53.333 --> 01:23:57.083
you have to leave your parents,
they're not obliged to look after you.

01:23:57.250 --> 01:23:59.792
If your parents don't want you
at home, you just go.

01:23:59.958 --> 01:24:02.083
If you have to, you do it.

01:24:02.250 --> 01:24:05.042
I think it's an obligation.
And people who stay at home...

01:24:05.208 --> 01:24:07.583
You wouldn't last two days
away from home.

01:24:07.750 --> 01:24:10.208
It's not that,
you're forced to do it

01:24:10.375 --> 01:24:13.417
or you go to jail.
And if you blow it, off to jail.

01:24:13.625 --> 01:24:16.625
Would you rather be in jail?
That's what I think.

01:24:16.792 --> 01:24:19.667
I think your mentality
would change completely,

01:24:19.833 --> 01:24:21.625
there wouldn't be so many louts.

01:24:21.792 --> 01:24:25.208
There wouldn't be so many fools
that never had any hard knocks.

01:24:25.375 --> 01:24:27.958
I'm telling you, Miguel.
That's what I think.

01:24:28.083 --> 01:24:30.750
What if there's a real war?

01:24:30.917 --> 01:24:32.583
-Sure.
-I go because I want to.

01:24:33.667 --> 01:24:35.708
You go because they tell you to.

01:24:35.875 --> 01:24:37.125
You wouldn't go.

01:24:39.125 --> 01:24:41.542
I don't know.

01:24:43.250 --> 01:24:46.958
I consider myself a patriot
in the sense that I love Spain.

01:24:48.125 --> 01:24:51.083
I'm not in favour of
the King, in general,

01:24:51.250 --> 01:24:53.583
but I know we have a good king.

01:24:53.750 --> 01:24:55.375
Not like his father, got me?

01:24:59.083 --> 01:25:00.875
And they won't let me in.

01:25:02.042 --> 01:25:05.083
Because I don't have the "Capacitació",
the qualification they ask for.

01:25:06.167 --> 01:25:08.792
It's absurd,
as if in the United States

01:25:08.958 --> 01:25:10.583
they didn't let you work...

01:25:10.750 --> 01:25:12.417
You're from Oregon

01:25:12.625 --> 01:25:15.292
and you want to work in California

01:25:15.458 --> 01:25:17.999
and you can't because
you don't speak "Californian."

01:25:18.125 --> 01:25:21.875
It's not absurd, it's wonderful
what we have in this country:

01:25:22.000 --> 01:25:24.458
-the multicultural aspect.
-Hold on, I'll defend

01:25:24.667 --> 01:25:27.417
to my last breath

01:25:27.625 --> 01:25:31.375
the survival and conservation
of the languages.

01:25:31.583 --> 01:25:33.583
I've no doubt about that.

01:25:33.750 --> 01:25:36.250
-Language, folklore, music...
-I love it,

01:25:36.417 --> 01:25:38.542
but let it not be a barrier
for Spaniards.

01:25:38.708 --> 01:25:42.583
If I want to go to Alicante,
90 Km north of here, I can't work.

01:25:42.750 --> 01:25:46.583
If I go to a bilingual school,
I'll be speaking English all day.

01:25:46.750 --> 01:25:49.625
-But I can't.
-Yes.

01:25:49.792 --> 01:25:53.583
On one hand, obviously,

01:25:53.750 --> 01:25:57.583
I defend the languages
of the country to the hilt,

01:25:57.750 --> 01:26:00.625
but don't make it a barrier
for people's mobility.

01:26:00.792 --> 01:26:03.250
There are families separated...

01:26:03.417 --> 01:26:05.625
I know two co-workers

01:26:05.792 --> 01:26:08.250
whose partners are in
different autonomous communities

01:26:08.417 --> 01:26:12.417
because they don't speak
Catalan or Valencian.

01:26:12.625 --> 01:26:15.125
They don't ask you for
the "Mitjà", the intermediate,

01:26:15.292 --> 01:26:17.833
they want the "Capacitació",
which is C1.

01:26:17.999 --> 01:26:21.667
-And in Mallorca, Majorcan.
-Catalan.

01:26:21.833 --> 01:26:24.917
-No, in Mallorca it's not Catalan.
-I know they speak Majorcan,

01:26:25.042 --> 01:26:27.958
but to get in, I've tried it,
they ask you for Catalan.

01:26:29.458 --> 01:26:33.458
I'm in favour of it because
I wouldn't go to the Basque Country

01:26:33.667 --> 01:26:37.667
and weaken their education system
with my Murcian blather.

01:26:37.917 --> 01:26:41.417
Are you saying your teaching
would be inferior to the Basques?

01:26:41.625 --> 01:26:43.708
Yes. In a big way...

01:26:43.875 --> 01:26:45.958
Folklore, music, dance,

01:26:46.083 --> 01:26:48.417
-instruments...
-Are you a professional?

01:26:48.625 --> 01:26:50.875
I'm a professional, but...

01:26:51.000 --> 01:26:54.875
I wouldn't be able to provide a solid
cultural base, which is the language.

01:26:55.000 --> 01:26:57.458
No, the culture isn't their language.

01:26:57.667 --> 01:27:00.958
But language determines culture
to a great degree.

01:27:01.083 --> 01:27:03.625
Some words don't exist in Spanish.

01:27:03.792 --> 01:27:06.750
Yes. But if you want to go
to Castellón to teach,

01:27:06.917 --> 01:27:09.833
you can't, being an English teacher.

01:27:09.999 --> 01:27:12.333
-To Gandía...
-You're an English teacher

01:27:12.542 --> 01:27:15.000
and you can't teach in Castellón.

01:27:15.167 --> 01:27:19.167
But people from Castellón,
Valencia, Alicante, Girona...

01:27:19.333 --> 01:27:21.875
-can go anywhere.
-You said it well, Pilar.

01:27:22.000 --> 01:27:22.875
-"Girona"?
-Yes.

01:27:23.000 --> 01:27:25.792
-Okay, thanks.
-You clearly respect the culture.

01:27:25.958 --> 01:27:28.875
I love languages,
it's what I respect most.

01:27:29.000 --> 01:27:30.792
I devote myself to this.

01:27:30.958 --> 01:27:34.375
I'm studying German now,
I love it.

01:27:37.917 --> 01:27:41.458
I think that people who
feel themselves to be middle class

01:27:41.667 --> 01:27:45.583
may think that the cuts
don't affect them,

01:27:45.750 --> 01:27:49.750
when in fact they do.
In the end, they contribute

01:27:49.917 --> 01:27:53.125
to the right to public health,
public education,

01:27:53.292 --> 01:27:54.917
for their children, etc.

01:27:55.042 --> 01:27:57.292
They think it doesn't
affect them the same,

01:27:57.458 --> 01:28:00.083
but when we touch on
the subject of the nation,

01:28:00.250 --> 01:28:03.167
the nation in Spain is
something deep inside us.

01:28:03.333 --> 01:28:06.625
So you can't say to Catalans:

01:28:06.792 --> 01:28:09.292
"You have the right to decide...

01:28:09.458 --> 01:28:12.000
on your own

01:28:12.167 --> 01:28:15.292
about your nation,
your small population."

01:28:15.458 --> 01:28:18.167
-"Self-determination."
-Exactly.

01:28:18.333 --> 01:28:21.999
But in contrast, we Spaniards
living outside that area say:

01:28:22.125 --> 01:28:25.250
"They're altering our Spain",

01:28:25.417 --> 01:28:27.792
because Spain is a part of us.

01:28:27.958 --> 01:28:29.792
But as for the cuts...

01:28:29.958 --> 01:28:32.958
As for the cuts,
I'm middle class, you know?

01:28:33.083 --> 01:28:36.792
I'm middle class,
it doesn't harm me.

01:28:36.958 --> 01:28:40.042
How many working class people
have instability?

01:28:40.208 --> 01:28:44.083
Many people are affected by this
and still vote for the PP.

01:28:44.250 --> 01:28:46.792
-They're not aware.
-Working class people

01:28:46.958 --> 01:28:49.208
who have these economic problems

01:28:49.375 --> 01:28:52.542
have other worries on their minds,
as Naroa said,

01:28:52.708 --> 01:28:56.208
which is maybe exactly that,
feeding their family.

01:28:56.375 --> 01:29:01.042
But on the Catalonia issue they get mad.
And the Basque issue.

01:29:01.208 --> 01:29:04.000
But that's when
the media circus comes in,

01:29:04.167 --> 01:29:06.792
you've got the media,

01:29:06.958 --> 01:29:08.999
each channel telling a version,

01:29:09.125 --> 01:29:11.458
fake news to the max, fuck it.

01:29:12.667 --> 01:29:15.208
-And the TV news...
-And companies

01:29:15.375 --> 01:29:19.375
devoted precisely, right now,

01:29:20.542 --> 01:29:22.417
to creating fake news,

01:29:22.625 --> 01:29:25.750
with algorithms and bullshit
like on Facebook,

01:29:25.917 --> 01:29:28.750
finding news related to your tastes

01:29:28.917 --> 01:29:31.917
and cramming you full of propaganda.

01:29:32.042 --> 01:29:35.083
Check out how lots of
working class people think...

01:29:35.250 --> 01:29:39.042
They're humble, they consider
the businessman's side.

01:29:39.208 --> 01:29:41.917
They say: "Who gives me work?
The businessman.

01:29:42.042 --> 01:29:45.125
So I'm going to back
what the businessman wants

01:29:45.292 --> 01:29:47.833
because the businessman
gives me work.

01:29:47.999 --> 01:29:51.792
I can't go against him
because he's feeding me".

01:29:51.958 --> 01:29:54.792
Lots think that way.

01:29:54.958 --> 01:29:57.042
The person working

01:29:57.208 --> 01:30:00.167
for a baker or someone
with a bar,

01:30:00.333 --> 01:30:02.667
they depend on their boss,
that's who pays them.

01:30:02.833 --> 01:30:06.833
You don't have the luxury of
going against someone who pays you.

01:30:07.208 --> 01:30:09.999
Necessity comes first.

01:30:10.125 --> 01:30:12.750
I've noticed in recent years

01:30:12.917 --> 01:30:16.875
an incredible rise in tourism
in Cartagena,

01:30:17.000 --> 01:30:19.333
I don't recognize it anymore,

01:30:19.542 --> 01:30:23.000
as the city we know, I don't.

01:30:23.167 --> 01:30:26.875
Maybe we've lost identity.

01:30:28.792 --> 01:30:31.667
It's all very fake to me.

01:30:31.833 --> 01:30:33.167
Very fake, man.

01:30:34.417 --> 01:30:37.750
I've kind of gone blank.

01:30:41.250 --> 01:30:46.708
But anyway, what I see
is young people who finished school

01:30:48.375 --> 01:30:51.208
and: "Now what?

01:30:51.375 --> 01:30:53.958
They look lost to me.

01:30:54.083 --> 01:30:57.083
And all they see are ads:

01:30:57.250 --> 01:31:00.999
"Waiters wanted", whatever.

01:31:01.125 --> 01:31:03.917
-You get a 3-month contract,...
-Precarious.

01:31:05.708 --> 01:31:08.542
-Maybe even...
-...you get no training.

01:31:08.708 --> 01:31:11.917
...contracts by hours.
-And the rest...

01:31:12.042 --> 01:31:15.208
-3-month contract or by events.
-...paid under the table.

01:31:15.375 --> 01:31:17.667
Then you get fired.

01:31:17.833 --> 01:31:20.375
They fire you if they don't like you

01:31:20.583 --> 01:31:23.417
or you don't do the job
the way they like,

01:31:23.625 --> 01:31:25.667
which is fast and well.

01:31:25.833 --> 01:31:28.458
-Or fast or well.
-One of the two, exactly.

01:31:28.667 --> 01:31:31.167
Both of those things,

01:31:31.333 --> 01:31:34.667
it's not impossible,
but it's not easy.

01:31:34.833 --> 01:31:38.292
-There's huge pressure.
-In any business,

01:31:38.458 --> 01:31:40.417
it's three things:
good, pretty and cheap.

01:31:43.999 --> 01:31:45.583
Yes. But anyway,

01:31:45.750 --> 01:31:48.042
it seems like there's no way out,

01:31:48.208 --> 01:31:51.750
we're pigeonholed here

01:31:51.917 --> 01:31:54.333
into certain roles,

01:31:54.542 --> 01:31:58.000
certain jobs, certain sectors,
and it's all evolving.

01:31:58.167 --> 01:32:00.999
-While we're here thinking...
-Of course.

01:32:02.000 --> 01:32:04.708
Everything is evolving.

01:32:04.875 --> 01:32:07.333
I wouldn't leave Cartagena or Spain

01:32:07.542 --> 01:32:10.042
because the situation's terrible,

01:32:10.208 --> 01:32:12.958
I'd try to fight to change things.

01:32:13.083 --> 01:32:15.999
-To improve the situation.
-I'd try.

01:32:16.125 --> 01:32:16.958
Exactly.

01:32:17.083 --> 01:32:19.458
I've got no patriotic feeling,

01:32:19.667 --> 01:32:22.583
I've never felt like that.

01:32:22.750 --> 01:32:24.750
I think it's dumb.

01:32:24.917 --> 01:32:28.000
-My country is the people I know.
-A flag doesn't represent me.

01:32:28.167 --> 01:32:30.583
The concept...

01:32:30.750 --> 01:32:32.375
of a nation emerges

01:32:32.583 --> 01:32:36.417
after absolutism.

01:32:37.875 --> 01:32:40.958
Religion isn't as bound
to the State now,

01:32:41.083 --> 01:32:43.625
here in the West.

01:32:44.542 --> 01:32:46.208
-It isn't?
-No.

01:32:46.375 --> 01:32:48.875
Here in Spain it is.

01:32:52.333 --> 01:32:55.083
Is Spain sorting out my life?

01:32:55.250 --> 01:32:58.167
These two hands are doing it.

01:32:58.333 --> 01:33:02.000
You want to live in Ethiopia
with those two hands?

01:33:02.167 --> 01:33:05.167
-Maybe I'd be happier.
-Maybe not.

01:33:05.333 --> 01:33:09.333
-Maybe yes. What do you know?
-With your face, you'd be dead.

01:33:09.542 --> 01:33:10.875
Take that.

01:33:11.917 --> 01:33:14.042
Let's see if you get it...

01:33:14.208 --> 01:33:16.542
What's going on now?

01:33:16.708 --> 01:33:20.708
Stupid toff blowing his nose
on the flag and everyone's....

01:33:21.167 --> 01:33:23.792
-They're stealing from us...
-Not anymore.

01:33:23.958 --> 01:33:27.958
...and it's fine:
"With the PP there's work."

01:33:28.333 --> 01:33:30.042
With Felipe González.

01:33:30.208 --> 01:33:33.208
They're taking away
all the rights we've gained,

01:33:33.375 --> 01:33:36.208
what all our comrades fought for
and now...

01:33:36.375 --> 01:33:38.167
it's nothing but shit, damn it.

01:33:38.333 --> 01:33:41.917
Shit, shit, shit.
And it gets worse and worse.

01:33:42.042 --> 01:33:45.042
Now we pay to get work?

01:33:45.208 --> 01:33:47.208
-What's that shit?
-We should do something,

01:33:47.375 --> 01:33:49.917
-and we just complain.
-I agree.

01:33:50.042 --> 01:33:53.542
You say "Let's go on strike"

01:33:53.708 --> 01:33:56.750
and they say to you:
"No, I lose 100 bucks."

01:33:56.917 --> 01:33:59.167
"You lose 200 every month

01:33:59.333 --> 01:34:01.917
because you didn't strike,
you've put no pressure on,

01:34:02.042 --> 01:34:04.458
so fuck you and your bullshit."

01:34:04.667 --> 01:34:08.125
-They should be neutered.
-Why doesn't it explode?

01:34:08.292 --> 01:34:11.667
What does it do you?

01:34:11.833 --> 01:34:15.417
-What good? Your rights!
-I mean the money we get.

01:34:15.625 --> 01:34:18.125
Now they give you shit,
I used to earn more.

01:34:20.000 --> 01:34:22.625
-And life's more expensive.
-You're an idiot.

01:34:22.875 --> 01:34:25.042
Really, the ones who have

01:34:25.208 --> 01:34:28.458
all the responsibility in the company
are the workers, not the boss.

01:34:28.667 --> 01:34:31.167
No, the boss has to be
on top of things

01:34:31.333 --> 01:34:34.333
and worry and tell the worker:

01:34:34.542 --> 01:34:37.708
"Do it right or hit the road."

01:34:37.875 --> 01:34:40.917
But you have this level

01:34:41.042 --> 01:34:43.708
of professionalism, and say:
"Fuck me,

01:34:43.875 --> 01:34:47.875
I'll call these guys,
they do a great fucking job."

01:34:48.000 --> 01:34:50.083
If not: "I'll find some other guys."

01:34:50.250 --> 01:34:53.292
What if at the end of the month
the boss doesn't get paid?

01:34:53.458 --> 01:34:55.958
-Exactly.
-That's not your problem.

01:34:56.083 --> 01:34:59.999
-Whose problem is it?
-The boss' problem.

01:35:00.125 --> 01:35:02.125
The boss has the least worries.

01:35:02.292 --> 01:35:04.875
-The boss?
-Yes, because the boss...

01:35:05.000 --> 01:35:08.750
I've been working...
I started a construction firm

01:35:08.917 --> 01:35:12.750
and the one who really worries
is the boss,

01:35:12.917 --> 01:35:15.792
in the sense that the worker
just expects a salary,

01:35:15.958 --> 01:35:18.083
and if he doesn't get it,
he hassles him.

01:35:18.250 --> 01:35:21.458
The one who has to talk
to everyone is the boss, got me?

01:35:21.667 --> 01:35:24.833
The boss makes sure that the work
comes out right, not the worker.

01:35:24.999 --> 01:35:29.750
If worker works badly,
it's the boss' fault for hiring him.

01:35:31.125 --> 01:35:34.000
But who gets fired first,
the boss or you?

01:35:34.167 --> 01:35:35.625
You first, then the boss.

01:35:35.792 --> 01:35:38.833
-But the boss is in debt.
-The boss finds someone else!

01:35:42.375 --> 01:35:45.000
Here in Cartagena

01:35:45.167 --> 01:35:47.542
we virtually live off
the service sector.

01:35:47.708 --> 01:35:51.625
But there's been repercussions
in everything else.

01:35:51.792 --> 01:35:54.750
My sister studied Teaching

01:35:54.917 --> 01:35:57.292
and got caught by the crisis.

01:35:57.458 --> 01:35:59.292
The poor girl had high marks

01:35:59.458 --> 01:36:02.208
and couldn't find a job
in what she'd studied,

01:36:02.375 --> 01:36:05.458
like basically everyone.

01:36:05.667 --> 01:36:09.417
Everyone, depending on the year
you finished your degree,

01:36:09.625 --> 01:36:13.375
you were lucky to end up
doing what you'd studied

01:36:13.583 --> 01:36:16.292
or, sadly, because the crisis
caught you, no.

01:36:16.458 --> 01:36:19.458
Never mind what you've studied,

01:36:19.667 --> 01:36:22.250
just because you were hit by a crisis.

01:36:23.292 --> 01:36:27.125
These people made no inroads
in anything: nurse, teacher,

01:36:27.292 --> 01:36:29.542
whatever, it just hit them.

01:36:29.708 --> 01:36:33.708
We're a part of the population

01:36:33.875 --> 01:36:37.625
that couldn't find work
in what they studied.

01:36:37.792 --> 01:36:41.167
-That's the effect.
-We have bags of culture.

01:36:41.333 --> 01:36:43.333
It's not that we have bags of culture,

01:36:43.542 --> 01:36:46.708
we emigrate to other countries

01:36:46.875 --> 01:36:49.958
to be able to work.

01:36:50.083 --> 01:36:54.000
And you're working in
the same conditions.

01:36:54.167 --> 01:36:58.083
-That's true.
-And you come back worse.

01:36:58.250 --> 01:37:00.292
More screwed up and burnt out.

01:37:00.458 --> 01:37:04.458
Public education, good or bad,

01:37:04.667 --> 01:37:06.667
-isn't a fallacy, it's evidence.
-Yes, but...

01:37:06.833 --> 01:37:10.583
there's public education
until the end of high school.

01:37:10.750 --> 01:37:13.083
In "public" university,
as you said,

01:37:13.250 --> 01:37:16.708
you have to pay for everything.
Here in the Murcia region

01:37:16.875 --> 01:37:19.667
I have a doctor friend
who's really pissed off

01:37:19.833 --> 01:37:22.625
because the people who studied
Nursing at UCAM,

01:37:22.792 --> 01:37:24.458
that is, a private university,

01:37:24.667 --> 01:37:27.125
have places to be interns
in public hospitals.

01:37:27.292 --> 01:37:29.667
So it's easier...

01:37:29.833 --> 01:37:32.250
-Because they pay more.
-Are you surprised?

01:37:32.417 --> 01:37:33.999
Are we scared?

01:37:34.125 --> 01:37:36.542
-I'm not surprised, it fucks me off.
-It's obvious.

01:37:36.708 --> 01:37:38.792
They've paid for it.

01:37:38.958 --> 01:37:42.625
-Yes, but it's a public hospital.
-It doesn't matter what it is.

01:37:42.792 --> 01:37:44.792
If you pay, you have
more rights than others,

01:37:44.958 --> 01:37:48.958
simply because you're paying
for a service or whatever.

01:37:49.083 --> 01:37:49.958
It's surreal.

01:37:50.083 --> 01:37:53.083
It gives you more right
than those who don't pay.

01:37:53.250 --> 01:37:55.333
That's how opportunity works.

01:37:59.000 --> 01:38:01.625
The thing is, before there
were more mobilizations.

01:38:01.792 --> 01:38:02.999
Yes, that's right.

01:38:03.125 --> 01:38:06.292
People concerned themselves
more about others.

01:38:06.458 --> 01:38:08.833
Today you hear it and say:

01:38:08.999 --> 01:38:11.833
"Yes, he's unemployed
and has nothing to live on."

01:38:11.999 --> 01:38:15.625
You give to an NGO
and you've covered your back.

01:38:15.792 --> 01:38:19.167
I remember the demonstrations
of the 80s and 90s.

01:38:19.333 --> 01:38:21.208
When are there demonstrations now?

01:38:21.375 --> 01:38:23.750
There are, but very few.
Really, fewer

01:38:23.917 --> 01:38:26.333
The unions are just for show,

01:38:26.542 --> 01:38:28.000
they don't do anything.

01:38:28.167 --> 01:38:32.000
Before, any problem you had,
the union made it theirs.

01:38:32.167 --> 01:38:35.583
-They made it their problem.
-Well, it depends.

01:38:35.750 --> 01:38:38.750
My husband paid his dues
for 28 years

01:38:38.917 --> 01:38:41.792
to the labour unions

01:38:41.958 --> 01:38:44.125
and we only needed it once,

01:38:44.292 --> 01:38:47.375
just once did we need the union.
Once.

01:38:47.583 --> 01:38:50.917
And they solved nothing for us.
I said: "Oh, really?"

01:38:51.042 --> 01:38:53.542
I went to the bank
to stop payment to them.

01:38:53.708 --> 01:38:56.458
Four or five months later
they phoned us:

01:38:56.667 --> 01:39:00.542
"Maybe you forgot to pay."
"No, we didn't forget.

01:39:00.708 --> 01:39:03.458
We're not giving you another cent,
you haven't solved anything for us."

01:39:03.667 --> 01:39:06.750
"We'll take you to court."
"Whatever, I'm not paying."

01:39:06.917 --> 01:39:09.792
-I do recall...
-28 years paying a union

01:39:09.958 --> 01:39:13.458
and we had one simple problem
and you didn't solve it.

01:39:13.667 --> 01:39:15.792
We're not paying another cent.

01:39:15.958 --> 01:39:18.792
-Unions aren't what they were.
-Maybe.

01:39:18.958 --> 01:39:22.375
Before, being a unionist
was deep-rooted,

01:39:22.583 --> 01:39:24.000
not now.

01:39:24.167 --> 01:39:26.625
Now most unionists join companies

01:39:26.792 --> 01:39:29.917
to do union hours
and get other benefits.

01:39:30.042 --> 01:39:33.875
Before you didn't get union hours.
A unionist was deep-rooted,

01:39:34.000 --> 01:39:36.458
he'd fight for the worker.
Not now,

01:39:36.667 --> 01:39:40.625
now everyone's on their own
and sorts out their own problems.

01:39:40.792 --> 01:39:44.000
Before, you went to the union...
I've worked,

01:39:44.167 --> 01:39:45.667
I've experienced it up close,

01:39:45.833 --> 01:39:48.667
and the union really solved
things for you, it helped you.

01:39:48.833 --> 01:39:52.250
They organized strikes in construction,

01:39:52.417 --> 01:39:53.583
in bakeries...

01:39:53.750 --> 01:39:56.625
Incredible strikes. They went ahead,

01:39:56.792 --> 01:39:59.458
everyone went on strike,

01:39:59.667 --> 01:40:02.000
everyone joined those strikes.

01:40:02.167 --> 01:40:05.875
Even unrelated sectors
supported those strikes.

01:40:06.000 --> 01:40:09.375
The demonstrations they had before...
Not now,

01:40:09.583 --> 01:40:11.667
nothing's done, no struggle.

01:40:11.833 --> 01:40:14.458
People have stagnated,
they don't fight.

01:40:14.667 --> 01:40:18.875
No, the struggle before
is nothing like today.

01:40:19.958 --> 01:40:23.875
Kids today don't even know
which party is in government.

01:40:24.000 --> 01:40:26.125
Or who Suárez was.

01:40:26.292 --> 01:40:28.417
They don't know anything.

01:40:28.625 --> 01:40:32.375
My older kids do,
but the younger one,

01:40:32.583 --> 01:40:34.292
20 years old...

01:40:34.458 --> 01:40:37.708
Don't ask him who the president is
because he doesn't care.

01:40:37.875 --> 01:40:41.708
-No, they don't care.
-Not to mention foreign politics.

01:40:41.875 --> 01:40:44.958
They don't know about Spain,
let alone the outside world.

01:40:45.083 --> 01:40:47.708
Do you think the strike
as a mechanism

01:40:47.875 --> 01:40:50.667
for the defence of worker's rights
makes sense now?

01:40:50.833 --> 01:40:53.542
Not these days. Not these days.

01:40:54.625 --> 01:40:58.042
-Before, yes, but not now.
-I don't know.

01:40:58.208 --> 01:41:00.458
What strike now do you recall?

01:41:00.667 --> 01:41:04.083
Do you remember a powerful strike?
I don't remember any.

01:41:04.375 --> 01:41:07.458
In the end, the problems
are going to be the same.

01:41:07.667 --> 01:41:10.750
I agree. I'm totally apolitical,
I'm not with any party.

01:41:10.917 --> 01:41:15.625
If I'm interested I'll vote for one
or the other, never mind the party.

01:41:15.792 --> 01:41:18.750
The mayors of La Unión.

01:41:18.917 --> 01:41:20.708
I voted for them
because I knew them.

01:41:20.875 --> 01:41:24.375
I didn't care if they were PP,
PSOE or CDS.

01:41:24.583 --> 01:41:27.458
I know them,
they're good people,

01:41:27.667 --> 01:41:29.333
even if they went bad.

01:41:29.542 --> 01:41:33.083
I voted for them because of that,
not because they were from a party.

01:41:33.250 --> 01:41:34.917
I'm totally apolitical.

01:41:35.333 --> 01:41:38.042
We just say: "There's high
unemployment, idleness...",

01:41:38.208 --> 01:41:41.667
but we don't hit the streets.

01:41:41.833 --> 01:41:44.375
People came out for everything,
and not now.

01:41:44.583 --> 01:41:46.999
We've gotten comfortable. We're lazier.

01:41:47.125 --> 01:41:50.542
-We don't want to go on protests.
-Especially if we have a wage at home.

01:41:50.708 --> 01:41:53.417
When they're on TV:
"Those poor people..."

01:41:54.583 --> 01:41:58.458
"Why are they coming on these rafts?"
It must be bad for them to come...

01:41:58.625 --> 01:42:02.083
I say that a lot, when people protest
about these boats coming.

01:42:02.250 --> 01:42:06.042
Not that I agree
they should be picked up.

01:42:06.208 --> 01:42:09.292
I understand that these people
must be desperate

01:42:09.458 --> 01:42:13.458
to risk their lives
crossing the sea where...

01:42:13.667 --> 01:42:16.999
-The dead this month...
-Like us in the 60s when...

01:42:17.125 --> 01:42:18.417
we went to Germany,

01:42:19.458 --> 01:42:20.542
to France...

01:42:20.708 --> 01:42:23.708
My mother was at the grape harvest
in France

01:42:23.875 --> 01:42:25.542
and they asked for her papers...

01:42:29.042 --> 01:42:32.250
I think any worker
should join the union...

01:42:32.417 --> 01:42:35.458
-because otherwise...
-Yes, that's good.

01:42:35.667 --> 01:42:38.042
There has to be union action.

01:42:38.208 --> 01:42:40.000
But it has to be effective.

01:42:40.167 --> 01:42:43.417
Everyone can think
what they like, but...

01:42:43.625 --> 01:42:45.708
At my age,
I've never seen them act.

01:42:45.875 --> 01:42:48.625
At your age.
But thanks to them,

01:42:48.792 --> 01:42:51.417
we got a lot of rights,
a lot of things.

01:42:51.625 --> 01:42:55.542
-If it hadn't been...
-I haven't seen them act.

01:42:55.708 --> 01:42:58.042
Because you're very young,
but otherwise...

01:42:58.208 --> 01:43:00.750
-You've seen them act?
-I've seen the unions act.

01:43:00.917 --> 01:43:04.042
If the union wasn't with Bazán,

01:43:04.208 --> 01:43:06.708
the reform wouldn't have happened:

01:43:06.875 --> 01:43:09.333
-from earning shit...
-Reform? To earn more shit.

01:43:09.542 --> 01:43:12.667
-No, not to earn shit,...
-He's right.

01:43:12.833 --> 01:43:15.167
...to making good wages.

01:43:15.333 --> 01:43:17.125
Worse or the same.

01:43:17.292 --> 01:43:20.167
-I wasn't at Bazán then.
-Not worse.

01:43:20.333 --> 01:43:22.625
-Ask Bartolo.
-Bartolo?

01:43:22.792 --> 01:43:25.542
Think about it:
from earning 32,000 pesetas

01:43:25.708 --> 01:43:27.750
to what they're making now.

01:43:27.917 --> 01:43:31.000
All thanks to them.
Thanks to the strike.

01:43:31.167 --> 01:43:35.000
Thanks to union action.
Or we would've been much worse.

01:43:36.250 --> 01:43:39.958
We have an 8-hour day,
though that's not strict these days.

01:43:40.083 --> 01:43:42.083
-That's another thing.
-That's what I was going to say.

01:43:42.250 --> 01:43:45.458
-How are we doing right now?
-Well, right now...

01:43:45.833 --> 01:43:47.458
-There were worthy people.
-No, no,

01:43:47.667 --> 01:43:50.375
it's not about being worthy,

01:43:50.583 --> 01:43:52.583
the people don't have union action.

01:43:53.625 --> 01:43:56.875
The people are like:
"I've got my tablet, Internet

01:43:57.000 --> 01:44:00.250
Facebook and Instagram."
And that's it.

01:44:00.417 --> 01:44:02.125
No, it's fucking reality.

01:44:02.292 --> 01:44:05.417
Now you tell them:
"We're striking for our rights..."

01:44:05.625 --> 01:44:08.042
You want me to thump you?

01:44:08.208 --> 01:44:09.792
Look here,

01:44:09.958 --> 01:44:12.917
you're making 2500 euros.
You have enough for 50 tablets.

01:44:13.042 --> 01:44:15.125
2500 because I work for it.

01:44:15.292 --> 01:44:17.292
Stop filming,
I'm going to thump him.

01:44:17.458 --> 01:44:20.417
-Because I work for it.
-Okay, like lots of people.

01:44:20.625 --> 01:44:24.208
For just 8 hours I earn shit.

01:44:25.917 --> 01:44:29.125
-With 8 hours you can't survive?
-Yes, I can,

01:44:29.292 --> 01:44:32.625
but thanks to the unions
we have a lot of things.

01:44:32.792 --> 01:44:35.542
You're going to make me hit you.

01:44:35.708 --> 01:44:39.042
Don't you think the unions
do their job?

01:44:39.208 --> 01:44:41.875
I don't think they do anything.

01:44:42.000 --> 01:44:43.792
I haven't seen them act.

01:44:43.958 --> 01:44:46.750
Have you seen what
a union does from the inside?

01:44:46.917 --> 01:44:49.958
I've seen that you have to pay
4 or 5 euros to join.

01:44:50.083 --> 01:44:51.792
I worked in Carrefour

01:44:51.958 --> 01:44:54.417
and they told me to join the union

01:44:55.583 --> 01:44:57.750
and you tell me what they do.

01:44:57.917 --> 01:45:01.792
Tell me a law the union proposed
that Parliament then passed.

01:45:01.958 --> 01:45:04.875
It's a lie. Loads of blah-blah-blah,
and little or nothing.

01:45:05.000 --> 01:45:07.958
What do you think of strikes?
Are they useful sometimes?

01:45:08.083 --> 01:45:11.250
Strikes, yes, because you
burn stuff and feel good.

01:45:11.417 --> 01:45:13.417
You let off steam.

01:45:13.625 --> 01:45:15.750
But, look, man...

01:45:15.917 --> 01:45:19.000
Throughout history
we've been taught that,

01:45:19.167 --> 01:45:22.250
but when you strike...

01:45:22.417 --> 01:45:25.917
...with willingness, not:
"Let's meet, take a walk." No.

01:45:26.042 --> 01:45:29.000
"We're striking, and until they listen,
we're not moving from here."

01:45:29.167 --> 01:45:30.917
But it's not in fashion now.

01:45:31.042 --> 01:45:33.833
Why? Because there's no
class consciousness,

01:45:33.999 --> 01:45:35.792
no working-class consciousness.

01:45:35.958 --> 01:45:38.958
No, you and all of us here

01:45:39.083 --> 01:45:42.208
make 1000 or 1200 euros
and we don't care.

01:45:42.375 --> 01:45:44.250
-Where are you on May 1st?
-Take it easy.

01:45:44.417 --> 01:45:46.875
-At home.
-That's the mistake.

01:45:47.917 --> 01:45:50.917
-Why aren't you at the demonstration?
-Because I make 1000 euros.

01:45:51.042 --> 01:45:53.999
-Then fuck you.
-You should be the first.

01:45:54.125 --> 01:45:55.999
-Fuck you.
-Fuck me?

01:45:56.125 --> 01:45:58.042
If you settle for 1000 euros, fuck you.

01:45:58.208 --> 01:46:01.958
My house costs 250 euros,
my daughter 125, what do I care?

01:46:02.083 --> 01:46:04.792
I don't give a shit.

01:46:04.958 --> 01:46:08.833
You don't give a shit
about my life? I'll bust you one.

01:46:08.999 --> 01:46:11.667
Would you be happier
with 1000 or 2000?

01:46:11.833 --> 01:46:14.292
My work's not worth 2000.

01:46:14.458 --> 01:46:17.458
Maybe you're not
thinking about it right.

01:46:17.667 --> 01:46:19.750
I think my work's worth 2000.

01:46:19.917 --> 01:46:22.000
-No, it's not.
-Yeah, go on like that.

01:46:22.167 --> 01:46:24.792
And your neighbour, what?
We're very selfish.

01:46:24.958 --> 01:46:27.250
Carry on like what?
Are you an idiot?

01:46:27.417 --> 01:46:30.375
-No, you're the idiot.
-You're going to fight today.

01:46:30.583 --> 01:46:33.625
Sure we are.

01:46:33.792 --> 01:46:36.792
If you don't value your work...

01:46:36.958 --> 01:46:40.000
-I do value it.
-...it's the worker's problem.

01:46:40.167 --> 01:46:44.000
The employer tells you
it's worth 20 euros.

01:46:44.167 --> 01:46:46.667
What do you do with 2000 euros?

01:46:46.833 --> 01:46:50.208
-With 2000 you can do stuff.
-And with 1000. Pay rent and live.

01:46:50.375 --> 01:46:52.375
It hurts my ears being
next to the machine all day.

01:46:52.583 --> 01:46:55.083
But now they hurt more.

01:46:55.250 --> 01:46:58.333
-Take it easy.
-Don't bust my balls!

01:46:58.542 --> 01:47:00.750
-Fuck!
-No, no.

01:47:00.917 --> 01:47:03.833
It's not like that.
You settled for 1000 euros

01:47:03.999 --> 01:47:05.875
and it's not like that.

01:47:06.000 --> 01:47:09.083
If you know your boss
is making this much,

01:47:09.250 --> 01:47:13.125
-why do you say: "The company..."?
-But you make 2500!

01:47:15.750 --> 01:47:17.750
You say: "Fuck, my boss
is making X and..."

01:47:17.917 --> 01:47:21.542
I don't care about the cameras,
I'll bust you one. You make 2500.

01:47:21.708 --> 01:47:23.999
Miguel, it's true, because of
people like you we're like this.

01:47:24.125 --> 01:47:26.417
Yes, but my work's not worth that.

01:47:26.625 --> 01:47:29.458
He's doing his job,
it's worth that.

01:47:29.667 --> 01:47:31.208
He's worth it.

01:47:31.375 --> 01:47:33.958
For what you do,
I wouldn't give you...

01:47:34.083 --> 01:47:36.875
Do you think this guy
makes 1000 euros

01:47:37.000 --> 01:47:39.292
-for holding up that mike?
-Yes.

01:47:39.458 --> 01:47:42.083
Maybe he should charge 2000,
because he's educated.

01:47:42.250 --> 01:47:45.458
-And he's got a degree.
-No. Do you know why?

01:47:45.667 --> 01:47:49.208
Because work is based
on responsibility.

01:47:49.375 --> 01:47:50.999
What responsibility?

01:47:51.125 --> 01:47:53.125
He's educated, got a degree...

01:47:53.292 --> 01:47:55.750
-I don't care.
-That's no good to me.

01:47:55.917 --> 01:47:57.792
-It's no good to me.
-I don't care.

01:47:57.958 --> 01:48:00.625
We're getting nowhere here.

01:48:00.792 --> 01:48:04.042
-It depends on the responsibility.
-A doctor should be making...

01:48:04.208 --> 01:48:06.875
-100,000 euros.
-More than a footballer, for example.

01:48:07.000 --> 01:48:09.417
A footballer, like he said.

01:48:09.625 --> 01:48:12.250
-What responsibility has he got?
-Loads.

01:48:12.417 --> 01:48:15.875
-None! None!
-Just as well he's not in a union.

01:48:16.000 --> 01:48:16.875
-Loads.
-None!

01:48:17.000 --> 01:48:19.792
I agree with him.
I couldn't be a footballer.

01:48:19.958 --> 01:48:22.042
-Could you?
-How could I be a footballer

01:48:22.208 --> 01:48:25.083
-if I can't walk with my leg straight?
-With the "blow" you take,

01:48:25.250 --> 01:48:28.583
they'd throw you in jail
the first day, man.

01:48:28.750 --> 01:48:31.917
Footballers have to be on top
every day, man.

01:48:32.042 --> 01:48:33.708
That's not the issue.

01:48:37.250 --> 01:48:38.958
I was in the CNS.

01:48:39.708 --> 01:48:43.000
But not in Comisiones Obreras
or the UGT.

01:48:43.167 --> 01:48:46.750
-The CNS? From before?
-Sure, the Regime one.

01:48:46.917 --> 01:48:49.583
-The vertical union, right?
-The vertical.

01:48:49.750 --> 01:48:52.125
-But later no.
-Everybody was in line.

01:48:52.958 --> 01:48:56.333
They couldn't fire you
because they felt like it.

01:48:56.542 --> 01:48:58.292
Now yes, they can fire you...

01:48:58.458 --> 01:49:00.833
But with Franco nobody got fired.

01:49:02.083 --> 01:49:04.667
You didn't have to do
what the boss wanted,

01:49:04.833 --> 01:49:06.999
he had to compensate you...

01:49:08.999 --> 01:49:10.999
But later, in Bazán, for example...?

01:49:11.125 --> 01:49:15.125
Not in Bazán, no.
They gave me the money and I left.

01:49:15.417 --> 01:49:17.333
But I had no problem there,

01:49:17.542 --> 01:49:21.250
-they gave me the money...
-I mean you weren't in the union.

01:49:21.417 --> 01:49:24.458
No, not me.
Not in the UGT or CCOO.

01:49:24.667 --> 01:49:27.708
There was the USO too.

01:49:27.875 --> 01:49:29.583
I wasn't in that.

01:49:29.750 --> 01:49:33.083
No, because they looked like
moochers to me.

01:49:33.250 --> 01:49:37.000
It's the same as yesterday.
I read in the paper

01:49:37.167 --> 01:49:40.833
about an event here
in the Hotel Nelva, in Murcia,

01:49:40.999 --> 01:49:44.708
by VOX, the right wingers.

01:49:45.958 --> 01:49:48.292
And these other fuckers come and say:
"Fucking son of a bitch,

01:49:48.458 --> 01:49:50.625
you should be kidnapped
and put in a hole!"

01:49:50.792 --> 01:49:53.083
The antifascists.

01:49:56.042 --> 01:49:57.999
Not the fascists.

01:49:58.125 --> 01:50:00.833
They come out with a Spanish flag...

01:50:02.542 --> 01:50:03.833
and the others insult the flag:

01:50:03.999 --> 01:50:06.958
"Fucking bitch!"

01:50:07.083 --> 01:50:10.708
You can't do that.
In the society we live in now,

01:50:10.875 --> 01:50:12.542
you can't do that, my friends,

01:50:13.583 --> 01:50:16.917
because we have to get rid
of all the stigmas

01:50:17.042 --> 01:50:18.833
of Francoism and all that.

01:50:20.208 --> 01:50:22.417
I'm one of those people.

01:50:22.625 --> 01:50:24.917
Though I may have
liked it at the time,

01:50:25.042 --> 01:50:29.042
I'm more liberal now, now...
Hey, I am liberal.

01:50:29.208 --> 01:50:32.083
I want people to live well,

01:50:32.250 --> 01:50:34.250
enjoy themselves, have a house,

01:50:34.417 --> 01:50:36.458
have food

01:50:36.667 --> 01:50:38.625
and get an education.

01:50:41.542 --> 01:50:44.958
There were opportunities then,
but some people were lazy.

01:50:45.083 --> 01:50:47.333
Vagrants and thugs.
The Vagrancy Act...

01:50:53.417 --> 01:50:55.708
I'm simpler and more...

01:50:55.875 --> 01:50:59.583
It must be due to my age,
I'm going to turn 54,

01:51:00.708 --> 01:51:03.833
and due to my situation,

01:51:03.999 --> 01:51:06.999
I have rheumatism in my whole body
from working so much.

01:51:08.000 --> 01:51:09.833
I've always been a baker.

01:51:09.999 --> 01:51:12.667
My working day has always
been 12 hours.

01:51:12.833 --> 01:51:14.417
I made a lot of money, that's true.

01:51:15.750 --> 01:51:19.250
I worked in a bakery here
that's closed.

01:51:19.417 --> 01:51:21.458
I've known Cartagena at night.

01:51:21.667 --> 01:51:25.667
Cartagena at night is different
from the Cartagena you know.

01:51:25.833 --> 01:51:29.375
This was the street,
excuse me, of the whores.

01:51:29.583 --> 01:51:33.333
They'd finish work on the dock
and come here, to the bakery.

01:51:34.375 --> 01:51:37.292
That's my dream,

01:51:37.458 --> 01:51:39.167
to get a pension,

01:51:39.333 --> 01:51:42.083
help my youngest daughter,
she needs it,

01:51:44.083 --> 01:51:46.000
and grow old with dignity.

01:51:48.917 --> 01:51:51.542
If I win the lottery,
as he said, fucking great.

01:51:53.583 --> 01:51:55.708
But you can't aspire to...

01:51:55.875 --> 01:51:58.375
You have to be realistic
in this life, you know?

01:51:58.583 --> 01:52:01.333
If I got a pension of 1000 euros,

01:52:01.542 --> 01:52:04.833
I'd sign right now, for sure.

01:52:04.999 --> 01:52:07.125
Do you dream about that at night?

01:52:07.292 --> 01:52:08.875
-Yes, yes.
-Asleep, I mean.

01:52:09.000 --> 01:52:11.083
Yes, yes, yes.

01:52:11.250 --> 01:52:13.958
That'd give me peace of mind,

01:52:14.083 --> 01:52:15.333
because right now...

01:52:16.542 --> 01:52:18.999
I've worked like a slave,
like a bastard,

01:52:19.125 --> 01:52:21.250
and my ass is hanging out.

01:52:22.917 --> 01:52:25.042
It's because I've been
married three times too.

01:52:26.083 --> 01:52:29.333
So... My first wife left me...

01:52:30.708 --> 01:52:32.083
...high and dry...

01:52:33.333 --> 01:52:36.167
and the second one
paid the consequences of that,

01:52:36.333 --> 01:52:37.625
because I was,

01:52:39.999 --> 01:52:42.750
as they say,

01:52:43.792 --> 01:52:45.208
once bitten twice shy.

01:52:45.375 --> 01:52:47.917
The third just didn't work out.

01:52:48.042 --> 01:52:50.583
Now I live with my mum.

01:52:53.042 --> 01:52:56.042
Peace of mind,

01:52:56.208 --> 01:52:58.125
it's all I want.

01:52:59.833 --> 01:53:01.000
Is there any dream

01:53:01.167 --> 01:53:04.542
you recall in particular

01:53:04.708 --> 01:53:07.542
from when you were young
or that's recurring?

01:53:11.042 --> 01:53:14.708
Like he said.
I don't think I'll die poor.

01:53:16.333 --> 01:53:18.458
I don't deserve it,
I'm not a bad person,

01:53:18.667 --> 01:53:20.875
I don't harm anyone.

01:53:22.167 --> 01:53:24.750
You know what I mean?

01:53:24.917 --> 01:53:27.667
So you have to
be compensated one day.

01:53:28.792 --> 01:53:29.958
Do you understand?

01:53:31.667 --> 01:53:33.208
Humble,

01:53:33.375 --> 01:53:35.542
I consider myself very humble.

01:53:37.833 --> 01:53:39.708
I don't aspire to...

01:53:41.083 --> 01:53:42.333
Besides,

01:53:42.542 --> 01:53:45.999
when you're 20 you think
you're going to conquer the world

01:53:46.125 --> 01:53:47.583
and the world eats you up.

01:53:50.125 --> 01:53:53.125
BURNING A PARLIAMENT

01:54:03.833 --> 01:54:06.667
The best of a hundred countries.

01:54:06.833 --> 01:54:10.083
Their culture, their folklore,
their natural wealth,

01:54:10.250 --> 01:54:13.083
their works of art, their gastronomy.

01:54:13.250 --> 01:54:15.167
In Seville for 6 months

01:54:15.333 --> 01:54:18.708
will be the unique
and unrepeatable event...

01:54:18.875 --> 01:54:20.583
Expo '92.

01:54:22.708 --> 01:54:26.333
Expo '92, the world's best.

01:54:27.167 --> 01:54:29.250
My problem is that
I've been here since 10 a.m.

01:54:29.417 --> 01:54:31.875
There was no police cordon.

01:54:32.000 --> 01:54:34.875
I'm a citizen
and I'm requesting for my right

01:54:35.000 --> 01:54:36.542
to enter a parliament.

01:54:36.708 --> 01:54:39.999
They're trampling on the Constitution.

01:54:40.125 --> 01:54:42.542
They won't let me enter
Parliament to listen.

01:54:42.708 --> 01:54:46.458
I'm not here to agitate but to ask...
Ask no, they won't let me speak,

01:54:46.667 --> 01:54:50.542
but to support these poor men
who have lead poisoning.

01:54:50.708 --> 01:54:51.958
Do you get it, sir?

01:54:52.083 --> 01:54:55.875
My husband has the right,
like the other 350 families,

01:54:56.000 --> 01:54:58.708
to a job. They've been made sick,

01:54:58.875 --> 01:55:01.792
so sick that they weren't able
to donate blood.

01:55:01.958 --> 01:55:05.667
They're left to their own devices.
I want to go in and the president

01:55:05.833 --> 01:55:08.792
won't let me in.

01:55:08.958 --> 01:55:11.750
That's trampling on the Constitution.
A place like this

01:55:11.917 --> 01:55:14.292
should respect the Constitution

01:55:14.458 --> 01:55:17.250
and let a person in.
I came alone, not in a group.

01:55:17.417 --> 01:55:20.667
I didn't come to agitate,
I came to support those men there

01:55:20.833 --> 01:55:24.000
asking for work, that's all.
Most of them are sick.

01:55:26.375 --> 01:55:30.000
In some way, Cartagena is always notorious.

01:55:30.167 --> 01:55:31.875
Let's start with what you said,

01:55:32.000 --> 01:55:35.667
that feat written in history books,

01:55:35.833 --> 01:55:38.750
by the great Latin historians:
the elephants of Hannibal.

01:55:38.917 --> 01:55:41.250
Hannibal left
the Iberian Qart Hadasht,

01:55:41.417 --> 01:55:44.958
he left Carthage, from Cartagena,
to conquer Rome.

01:55:45.999 --> 01:55:49.375
With 50,000 infantry, 15,000 riders,

01:55:49.583 --> 01:55:51.875
100 African elephants...

01:55:54.333 --> 01:55:57.833
to topple the largest empire
in the Mediterranean at the time.

01:55:57.999 --> 01:56:00.000
They were in a rivalry.

01:56:01.875 --> 01:56:03.999
Cartagena was already
in the thick of it.

01:56:04.125 --> 01:56:07.750
Then, of course,
in the 18th or 19th century

01:56:07.917 --> 01:56:11.875
Cartagena was in
all the liberal revolutions.

01:56:12.000 --> 01:56:13.333
The Glorious Revolution.

01:56:13.583 --> 01:56:17.167
Tradition has it that
it all began in apothecary

01:56:17.333 --> 01:56:19.667
here in Cartagena, on Calle Mayor.

01:56:20.999 --> 01:56:23.875
The First Republic,
the Second Republic.

01:56:24.000 --> 01:56:25.917
That rebel spirit...

01:56:27.083 --> 01:56:29.000
is in Cartagena.

01:56:29.167 --> 01:56:32.167
It's true, as we said before,

01:56:32.333 --> 01:56:34.292
that maybe Francoism,

01:56:34.458 --> 01:56:37.208
the sociology of Francoism,

01:56:37.375 --> 01:56:39.333
smothered a little

01:56:39.542 --> 01:56:43.542
that history of struggle, but...

01:56:43.708 --> 01:56:45.458
To what point?

01:56:45.667 --> 01:56:48.708
Was it smothered
or was there real repression

01:56:48.875 --> 01:56:51.000
in the city after the Civil War?

01:56:51.167 --> 01:56:53.417
There was a major repression.

01:56:54.708 --> 01:56:57.208
The repression in Cartagena
was very harsh.

01:56:57.375 --> 01:57:00.250
If you take the summary trials,

01:57:02.083 --> 01:57:05.083
just in the province of Murcia

01:57:05.750 --> 01:57:07.208
there were 50,000 of them.

01:57:07.375 --> 01:57:09.708
And each wasn't just one person

01:57:09.875 --> 01:57:12.833
there were summary trials

01:57:12.999 --> 01:57:14.333
with 80 people accused.

01:57:14.542 --> 01:57:17.250
The repression in Cartagena
was very harsh

01:57:17.417 --> 01:57:20.042
and the army was responsible

01:57:20.208 --> 01:57:23.417
for the repression.

01:57:23.625 --> 01:57:27.542
In Cartagena the repression
was very tough

01:57:27.708 --> 01:57:30.417
and Admiral Bastarreche
made sure he did

01:57:30.625 --> 01:57:33.250
a good job as the enforcer

01:57:33.417 --> 01:57:34.708
of that repression.

01:57:34.875 --> 01:57:40.708
In Cartagena, if a shipyard worker
was to be shot,

01:57:40.875 --> 01:57:44.708
his co-workers were sent
to witness the execution,

01:57:44.875 --> 01:57:46.833
in the sports field of the arsenal.

01:57:46.999 --> 01:57:50.542
Plus, they'd send a musical group

01:57:50.708 --> 01:57:53.708
and while the executions occurred,
they'd play music.

01:57:55.000 --> 01:57:57.125
They'd put all the workers there

01:57:57.292 --> 01:58:01.042
so that they'd see
their co-worker being shot.

01:58:01.208 --> 01:58:04.000
-Until what year was the...?
-Until 1945.

01:58:05.042 --> 01:58:08.792
Until '45, the repression
was harsh in the city.

01:58:08.958 --> 01:58:12.792
But when you say 50,000 accused,
or 50,000 cases,

01:58:14.458 --> 01:58:18.458
not all were shot, sure,
but there were trials...

01:58:18.667 --> 01:58:21.792
Plus, absolutely all of them...

01:58:21.958 --> 01:58:23.583
were charged...

01:58:23.750 --> 01:58:26.583
under military code
with a military court.

01:58:27.375 --> 01:58:29.792
That happened all over Spain...
Thanks.

01:58:29.958 --> 01:58:33.292
It happened all over Spain, but...

01:58:33.458 --> 01:58:36.625
in Cartagena it was very harsh,
as I said. After all,

01:58:36.792 --> 01:58:38.792
to Francoism it was a city of reds.

01:58:38.958 --> 01:58:41.292
A city of reds
and a city that defended...

01:58:41.458 --> 01:58:44.083
The only naval base
left in the Republic

01:58:44.250 --> 01:58:48.958
defended tooth and nail
by the Republican Navy.

01:58:49.083 --> 01:58:52.292
Francoism was also unforgiving...

01:58:53.375 --> 01:58:57.125
Just before the war ended,
the Castillo de Olite was sunk...

01:58:57.292 --> 01:59:01.125
They entered the city,
thinking it had surrendered.

01:59:01.292 --> 01:59:03.042
The city hadn't surrendered.

01:59:03.208 --> 01:59:05.333
In the end, from La Parajola,

01:59:05.542 --> 01:59:08.125
bombardment and 1500 dead.

01:59:09.167 --> 01:59:11.875
My grandmother told me...

01:59:12.000 --> 01:59:15.125
It was grotesque. In the harbour
you'd see people floating,

01:59:17.667 --> 01:59:19.292
corpses floating in the sea.

01:59:19.458 --> 01:59:21.417
It's a tough story.

01:59:22.458 --> 01:59:24.125
I think that did some damage.

01:59:24.292 --> 01:59:28.000
And we all know that after
the Civil War the silence was long.

01:59:28.167 --> 01:59:32.125
For the repressed families
the silence of 40 years of Francoism

01:59:32.292 --> 01:59:34.917
was very long,
with things left undiscussed.

01:59:35.042 --> 01:59:38.500
I think that also happens
with the city's world view.

01:59:47.875 --> 01:59:49.708
One of my mother's grandfathers,

01:59:49.875 --> 01:59:52.167
a Communist Party leader in Spain,

01:59:52.333 --> 01:59:56.042
in the Civil War had to leave
Cartagena by ship

01:59:56.208 --> 01:59:59.708
and he died of hunger in France.

02:00:01.667 --> 02:00:03.208
That was kind of like...

02:00:03.375 --> 02:00:05.875
a reference point in my family

02:00:06.917 --> 02:00:09.583
to not get into trouble.

02:00:09.750 --> 02:00:13.625
When my granddad, a baker,
put on Pirenaica,

02:00:15.125 --> 02:00:18.125
my grandmother would say
"Turn down the radio,

02:00:18.292 --> 02:00:20.750
they'll hear you!" It was fear

02:00:21.833 --> 02:00:25.583
coming from that family event,

02:00:26.625 --> 02:00:29.458
my great-grandfather
who'd died in France

02:00:29.667 --> 02:00:33.125
escaping from the Civil War,
from Franco,

02:00:33.292 --> 02:00:34.708
at the end of the War.

02:00:36.875 --> 02:00:40.083
And at school, at 12 years of age,

02:00:41.167 --> 02:00:42.625
you're in class,

02:00:43.708 --> 02:00:47.208
you look out of the window
and see your father

02:00:47.375 --> 02:00:51.375
and all the workers at Bazán

02:00:52.042 --> 02:00:54.083
running down a riverbed

02:00:54.250 --> 02:00:56.667
with the cops behind beating them.

02:00:56.833 --> 02:00:58.999
When my father got home

02:00:59.125 --> 02:01:00.999
his back would be all bruised.

02:01:01.125 --> 02:01:03.917
He'd ask me:
"Kid, how's my back?"

02:01:04.042 --> 02:01:05.999
"It's all purple-coloured."

02:01:08.375 --> 02:01:10.250
It's what stays with you

02:01:10.417 --> 02:01:12.999
from when you were a kid.

02:01:13.125 --> 02:01:16.625
Our school was very close to Bazán.

02:01:16.792 --> 02:01:19.708
It was 100 metres from
the school to Bazán.

02:01:19.875 --> 02:01:23.375
When there was trouble, riots,
the Bazán workers that came out

02:01:23.583 --> 02:01:25.958
were our fathers
and we watched them.

02:01:26.083 --> 02:01:28.333
We were raised on that conflict
since we were kids.

02:01:36.125 --> 02:01:38.750
In '71 there was

02:01:38.917 --> 02:01:42.375
a fall of the Party in Cartagena,
there were no leaders left,

02:01:45.167 --> 02:01:48.083
and I chose a political option:

02:01:50.250 --> 02:01:53.292
I became a militant
in the Communist Party.

02:01:53.708 --> 02:01:56.792
I was a militant of the people

02:01:56.958 --> 02:02:00.333
and I've never felt sidelined

02:02:00.542 --> 02:02:02.750
because I'm a woman.

02:02:02.917 --> 02:02:05.125
I later saw that I was

02:02:05.292 --> 02:02:07.292
when I looked at
other aspects of feminism,

02:02:07.458 --> 02:02:10.125
but at the start I was unaware of it.

02:02:10.292 --> 02:02:12.625
I took responsibility for...

02:02:13.667 --> 02:02:15.208
that section of the Party,...

02:02:16.250 --> 02:02:19.708
a female comrade from Murcia,
who worked in the Rosell,

02:02:19.875 --> 02:02:20.958
and me.

02:02:21.083 --> 02:02:23.917
There was a need to create
the Democratic Movement of Women

02:02:24.042 --> 02:02:26.250
and open up that gap.

02:02:27.667 --> 02:02:30.208
And, well, we took it on.

02:02:31.958 --> 02:02:34.458
From then on,
I began to get interested

02:02:34.667 --> 02:02:36.083
and to realize

02:02:36.250 --> 02:02:39.333
that there were things
I didn't perceive.

02:02:42.375 --> 02:02:45.333
When you become a militant
in a party

02:02:45.542 --> 02:02:48.292
where 90% are men,

02:02:48.458 --> 02:02:53.042
99.9% are men,

02:02:53.208 --> 02:02:55.542
and you're accepted,
you don't realize that

02:02:55.708 --> 02:02:58.250
some think of certain things

02:02:58.417 --> 02:03:00.208
while others carry them out

02:03:00.375 --> 02:03:03.417
that there are feelings
and situations

02:03:03.625 --> 02:03:06.167
that are hard to debate about

02:03:06.333 --> 02:03:09.667
because the momentum
carried us along.

02:03:11.042 --> 02:03:14.333
So, for me,
the discovery of feminism

02:03:14.542 --> 02:03:18.125
is about becoming aware
that a society

02:03:18.292 --> 02:03:19.708
or any revolution

02:03:19.875 --> 02:03:23.833
will never be brought about

02:03:23.999 --> 02:03:26.917
unless it includes the values,

02:03:27.042 --> 02:03:29.417
the particular character

02:03:29.625 --> 02:03:33.750
that 52% of the population
can contribute.

02:03:34.292 --> 02:03:42.583
In September '76,
with the first legal demonstration.

02:03:44.167 --> 02:03:46.792
We brought out the women of Cartagena.

02:03:46.958 --> 02:03:50.667
The Democratic Movement of Women,

02:03:50.833 --> 02:03:54.292
the feminist collective,

02:03:54.458 --> 02:03:56.750
asked permission to hold
the first demonstration

02:03:56.917 --> 02:03:59.000
of some 1500 people.

02:03:59.250 --> 02:04:02.792
I remember one of the signs said:
"Water and power all day."

02:04:02.958 --> 02:04:05.750
There were power
and water restrictions

02:04:05.917 --> 02:04:09.250
during certain hours of the day.

02:04:12.875 --> 02:04:16.833
And if the sign said that,
a local feeling had been detected.

02:04:18.875 --> 02:04:21.999
In those neighbourhoods
there was

02:04:22.125 --> 02:04:24.292
more marginalization and poverty

02:04:24.458 --> 02:04:28.042
and no asphalt on the streets yet,
in almost no neighbourhood.

02:04:29.000 --> 02:04:31.042
In Concepción, my neighbourhood,

02:04:31.208 --> 02:04:33.625
the streets weren't paved.

02:04:33.792 --> 02:04:35.999
When it rained,
the hills being nearby,

02:04:36.125 --> 02:04:39.833
furrows formed in the streets
and you could even see the pipes.

02:04:39.999 --> 02:04:42.833
The residents had to fill them in.

02:04:42.999 --> 02:04:46.292
It was the 70s,

02:04:46.458 --> 02:04:49.292
but we still hadn't come out

02:04:49.458 --> 02:04:50.999
of a situation

02:04:51.125 --> 02:04:54.083
of poverty in the country.

02:04:54.750 --> 02:04:57.333
The 70s, despite this,

02:04:57.542 --> 02:05:00.333
were years of economic recovery
in Cartagena,

02:05:00.542 --> 02:05:02.958
we were beginning to...

02:05:04.125 --> 02:05:07.667
The industry of Cartagena
was still obsolete

02:05:07.833 --> 02:05:11.167
and autarchic, because the Regime
didn't allow any other kind.

02:05:11.333 --> 02:05:14.667
But it's not much more advanced now
than it was then,

02:05:14.833 --> 02:05:17.833
because the same parameters are there

02:05:17.999 --> 02:05:20.417
in terms of the problem

02:05:20.625 --> 02:05:22.292
of the environment and...

02:05:22.458 --> 02:05:25.792
I mean, the basic parameter

02:05:25.958 --> 02:05:29.708
is the gross domestic product
that they take away

02:05:29.875 --> 02:05:33.833
and little else. But anyway,

02:05:33.999 --> 02:05:36.417
there were some years of recovery.

02:05:36.625 --> 02:05:40.375
From 1986,
when we entered the EEC,

02:05:40.542 --> 02:05:47.750
what was progress for Spain

02:05:48.583 --> 02:05:51.583
was a step back for me.

02:05:52.708 --> 02:05:55.667
Entering the Community...

02:05:56.292 --> 02:06:00.417
underscored Spain's
economic problems,

02:06:02.042 --> 02:06:05.542
which dragged itself from
Francoism's autarchy,

02:06:05.708 --> 02:06:10.292
and the contradictions began
about competing in the markets.

02:06:12.375 --> 02:06:15.458
At the time they introduced the idea

02:06:15.667 --> 02:06:17.917
that we had to have a single currency.

02:06:18.042 --> 02:06:20.625
We didn't have to have
a single justice system in Europe,

02:06:20.792 --> 02:06:24.167
or compensation for the dismissal
of European workers,

02:06:24.333 --> 02:06:26.958
but we had to have a single currency

02:06:27.083 --> 02:06:31.000
where every country
that joined this club

02:06:31.167 --> 02:06:33.208
had to meet a set of requisites.

02:06:33.375 --> 02:06:36.375
It was what was called
in '92 and '93

02:06:36.583 --> 02:06:38.125
the Maastricht Agreements.

02:06:38.292 --> 02:06:39.625
That belonging to Europe

02:06:39.792 --> 02:06:42.208
from the perspective
of being in line with

02:06:42.375 --> 02:06:45.125
the European countries in rights

02:06:45.292 --> 02:06:47.250
was also an aspiration

02:06:47.417 --> 02:06:49.542
of the Communist Party of Spain.

02:06:49.708 --> 02:06:52.833
It's not that the Communist Party
and Comisiones Obreras

02:06:52.999 --> 02:06:56.083
rejected Europe,
but we wanted a Europe that was...

02:06:57.125 --> 02:06:58.458
homogenous.

02:06:58.667 --> 02:07:01.292
We wanted a Europe
in which Spain enjoyed

02:07:01.458 --> 02:07:04.875
the same labour conditions
as Germany, France,

02:07:05.000 --> 02:07:07.375
Belgium or Great Britain,

02:07:07.583 --> 02:07:10.333
to make progress in rights.

02:07:10.542 --> 02:07:13.083
But what we saw was that

02:07:13.250 --> 02:07:16.250
investment came from Europe
for infrastructure,

02:07:16.417 --> 02:07:18.667
for example, for road building.

02:07:18.833 --> 02:07:21.999
The EU's regional
development funds

02:07:22.125 --> 02:07:23.583
were used for that,

02:07:23.750 --> 02:07:26.083
while all the industry was dismantled.

02:07:26.250 --> 02:07:28.292
And we didn't agree with that.

02:07:28.583 --> 02:07:32.375
That narrative was offensive,
that narrative of modernity,

02:07:32.583 --> 02:07:34.833
of the Olympic Games,

02:07:34.999 --> 02:07:37.458
the Seville Expo.

02:07:37.667 --> 02:07:40.333
It was demonstrating to the world

02:07:40.542 --> 02:07:42.833
that Spain was making a big show.

02:07:42.999 --> 02:07:44.999
It was flaunting an economy

02:07:45.125 --> 02:07:47.333
that allowed us...

02:07:48.417 --> 02:07:50.042
certain luxuries,

02:07:51.375 --> 02:07:54.250
when here it was painful.

02:07:56.542 --> 02:07:58.125
It's the following:

02:07:58.292 --> 02:08:00.625
They say that

02:08:00.792 --> 02:08:04.792
they have a security zone
and this is it.

02:08:05.125 --> 02:08:08.167
-Where we are.
-The commission's going up.

02:08:08.333 --> 02:08:11.125
-The commission's going up.
-Some bastard...

02:08:11.292 --> 02:08:15.292
They're going to meet with
the president and the spokesmen.

02:08:15.583 --> 02:08:16.792
So...

02:08:19.125 --> 02:08:22.750
what they propose
is that our comrades

02:08:22.917 --> 02:08:25.958
wait for us here,
where those placards are.

02:08:26.083 --> 02:08:28.083
-No!
-We're not leaving here!

02:08:28.250 --> 02:08:31.250
I'm telling you... Comrades...

02:08:31.417 --> 02:08:33.625
-We want negotiation!
-Comrades...

02:08:33.792 --> 02:08:37.250
-We want negotiation.
-Hey, just a moment!

02:08:37.417 --> 02:08:38.708
Just a moment, damn it!

02:08:39.750 --> 02:08:41.708
-Please!
-Hey!

02:08:43.833 --> 02:08:45.250
Please, comrades.

02:08:46.292 --> 02:08:47.833
-Barrabas!
-Negotiation!

02:08:47.999 --> 02:08:50.292
-Will you shut up a moment?
-Shut up for a moment!

02:08:50.458 --> 02:08:51.625
-Hey!
-Don't shout.

02:08:51.792 --> 02:08:54.167
I say that if they let us go,

02:08:54.333 --> 02:08:56.542
we'll meet with the Bazán people.
We're not leaving.

02:08:56.708 --> 02:09:00.708
They let us meet the Bazán people
or we're not leaving here.

02:09:00.875 --> 02:09:03.250
-It's an alternative.
-We came in peace, guys!

02:09:07.792 --> 02:09:09.083
Sons of bitches!

02:09:14.417 --> 02:09:17.333
They will not close... the foundry!

02:09:17.542 --> 02:09:20.750
They will not close... the foundry!

02:09:20.917 --> 02:09:23.875
They will not close... the foundry!

02:09:24.000 --> 02:09:26.875
They will not close... the foundry!

02:09:32.417 --> 02:09:34.000
Fuck, they got me!

02:09:50.750 --> 02:09:52.792
Sons of bitches!

02:09:52.958 --> 02:09:55.917
-Look, look!
-Sons of bitches!

02:10:00.833 --> 02:10:03.750
We came in peace, man!

02:10:14.999 --> 02:10:16.125
Lies!

02:11:28.458 --> 02:11:32.458
Throw it at him, at him!
Go on, throw it!

02:11:32.667 --> 02:11:34.625
Don't just stand there, throw it!

02:12:22.958 --> 02:12:26.958
AGAINST THE CRISIS,
WORKER UNITY AND STRUGGLE

02:12:39.042 --> 02:12:40.083
Sheep!

02:13:08.917 --> 02:13:12.167
REFUSE MILTARY SERVICE

02:13:12.333 --> 02:13:15.125
Sons of bitches!

02:13:15.917 --> 02:13:17.583
Sons of bitches!

02:13:18.667 --> 02:13:20.542
Sons of bitches!

02:13:23.417 --> 02:13:33.042
HERE THE LIGHT OF THE GOSPEL
WAS BORN FOR SPAIN

02:15:10.750 --> 02:15:13.042
The oil crises of 1973 and 1978
caused a change

02:15:13.208 --> 02:15:16.292
in the industrial productive model
of the Western countries.

02:15:16.458 --> 02:15:19.917
The policies of deindustrialization
would be applied later in Spain

02:15:20.042 --> 02:15:23.250
because the country was in the middle
of the transition process

02:15:23.417 --> 02:15:27.000
from the dictatorship of Francisco Franco
to a parliamentary monarchy.

02:15:27.167 --> 02:15:30.208
The conversion measures
of the vast Spanish industrial sector

02:15:30.375 --> 02:15:33.708
were carried out in the decade
of the 80s by the Socialist Party.

02:15:33.875 --> 02:15:37.000
The application of these measures was,
in addition, a requisite

02:15:37.167 --> 02:15:40.667
of the European Economic Community,
which Spain would enter in 1986.

02:15:40.833 --> 02:15:44.292
The conversion affected hundreds
of thousands of jobs all over Spain.

02:15:44.458 --> 02:15:46.167
The restructuring would take place

02:15:46.333 --> 02:15:49.875
through the modernization
of installations, privatization or closure.

02:15:50.875 --> 02:15:53.917
At the end of 1991 the city of Cartagena
faced a systemic crisis

02:15:54.042 --> 02:15:56.708
due to the threat of a chain of shutdowns
of various factories.

02:15:56.875 --> 02:15:58.458
Santa Lucía Lead Smelter.

02:15:58.625 --> 02:16:01.999
Belonging to the Sociedad Minero Metalúrgica
Peñarroya, founded in 1881

02:16:02.125 --> 02:16:04.958
with French capital
and with work centres all over Spain.

02:16:05.083 --> 02:16:08.042
It had been sold to the French-German
multinational Metaleurop,

02:16:08.208 --> 02:16:11.292
which decided on proceedings
for the total termination of jobs.

02:16:11.458 --> 02:16:13.625
Fesa, Enfersa and Asur,
fertilizer producers.

02:16:13.792 --> 02:16:17.125
They had been sold by the Ministry
of Industry to the Ercros/Kio group,

02:16:17.292 --> 02:16:21.625
which had ceased to pay its suppliers
and planned on eliminating several work centres.

02:16:21.792 --> 02:16:22.833
Empresa Nacional Bazán.

02:16:22.999 --> 02:16:26.875
A shipyard of the Spanish Navy present in Ferrol,
Cádiz and Cartagena since 1751.

02:16:27.000 --> 02:16:30.250
The Cartagena factory faced alone
Employment Regulation Proceedings

02:16:30.417 --> 02:16:34.125
that foresaw the dismantling of the factory
and affected half of the staff.

02:16:37.250 --> 02:16:39.625
LEAD FOUNDRY
SANTA LUCÍA-PEÑARROYA

02:16:39.792 --> 02:16:43.042
We never wanted to believe
it would happen.

02:16:43.208 --> 02:16:43.917
Sure.

02:16:44.042 --> 02:16:45.375
We did all the actions,

02:16:45.583 --> 02:16:48.292
all the demonstrations,
all the mobilizations.

02:16:48.667 --> 02:16:51.708
We did everything imaginable

02:16:51.875 --> 02:16:55.000
to avoid the chaos and catastrophe

02:16:55.167 --> 02:16:56.750
that it meant for all of us.

02:16:57.458 --> 02:17:00.375
When did you see that
the company was in danger?

02:17:00.583 --> 02:17:03.500
-When did you think...?
-I never saw it.

02:17:03.667 --> 02:17:06.708
It was closed,
I never saw it or believed it.

02:17:06.875 --> 02:17:09.833
When Peñarroya merged
with the Germans,

02:17:09.999 --> 02:17:12.917
who created Metaleurop,
we started to...

02:17:13.042 --> 02:17:15.750
What year was it? '88? '89?

02:17:17.250 --> 02:17:21.125
-'89-90. Around there.
-Yes, '89-90.

02:17:21.292 --> 02:17:24.833
Imagine: We were working
in a place

02:17:24.999 --> 02:17:26.583
that gave us our daily bread,

02:17:26.750 --> 02:17:29.708
where we did our jobs,

02:17:29.875 --> 02:17:33.292
where we understood,
at a technical level,

02:17:33.458 --> 02:17:37.250
that with certain measures
air pollution could be avoided.

02:17:37.417 --> 02:17:40.583
And at a social level,
because we all have worker

02:17:40.750 --> 02:17:42.208
and citizen consciousness,

02:17:42.375 --> 02:17:45.667
we were fighting against
the same air pollution.

02:17:46.167 --> 02:17:48.292
So, working in the foundry...

02:17:48.458 --> 02:17:51.042
I don't know if you recall,
I wasn't on the committee,

02:17:51.208 --> 02:17:54.208
Rebollo called me in
just to "rattle" me

02:17:54.375 --> 02:17:56.583
in front of the company committee.

02:17:56.750 --> 02:17:59.125
You guys weren't on
the committee yet,

02:17:59.292 --> 02:18:02.917
but it was to scare us, saying:
"You're going to lose your jobs

02:18:03.042 --> 02:18:07.167
because the Council wants
to watch us closely."

02:18:07.458 --> 02:18:11.042
There was even the contradiction
that I was on duty

02:18:11.208 --> 02:18:14.083
in the foundry

02:18:14.250 --> 02:18:17.667
and my wife and two children

02:18:17.833 --> 02:18:21.833
were in the other part
accusing us of poisoning them.

02:18:22.042 --> 02:18:25.000
You had to swallow
these contradictions...

02:18:25.167 --> 02:18:28.000
...and I did.

02:18:28.167 --> 02:18:31.250
But one issue that you always
conveyed to us was that

02:18:31.417 --> 02:18:33.208
it was implausible

02:18:33.375 --> 02:18:35.667
to think that the company
was in danger

02:18:35.833 --> 02:18:39.292
while it was investing
a lot of money.

02:18:39.458 --> 02:18:42.417
What were the improvements
the company was introducing?

02:18:42.625 --> 02:18:45.708
Technology, for instance.

02:18:45.875 --> 02:18:49.708
Even on the day of closure,
we switched...

02:18:49.875 --> 02:18:52.042
from fuel oil,

02:18:52.208 --> 02:18:55.292
with a high sulphur content,
to natural gas.

02:18:55.458 --> 02:18:58.708
That was another
multi-million investment.

02:18:59.875 --> 02:19:02.792
We put in gas burners
and automation

02:19:04.083 --> 02:19:05.542
a fortnight before

02:19:05.708 --> 02:19:09.417
in the last two boilers down the end.

02:19:09.625 --> 02:19:12.917
So, up to the last moment
they were investing

02:19:13.042 --> 02:19:15.750
and looking to fight pollution too.

02:19:15.917 --> 02:19:18.875
I don't know if
it was confidentially or not,

02:19:19.000 --> 02:19:22.125
but they continued to present
studies to the Council

02:19:22.292 --> 02:19:25.000
and the Autonomous Community,
asking for subsidies

02:19:25.167 --> 02:19:27.958
to carry on fighting pollution.

02:19:28.083 --> 02:19:30.833
Though you were anxious inside,

02:19:30.999 --> 02:19:32.999
you always held out hope.

02:19:33.125 --> 02:19:35.167
We fought so hard because

02:19:35.333 --> 02:19:37.292
we didn't believe
it was going to close,

02:19:37.458 --> 02:19:41.125
or we would've accepted defeat.
And we weren't defeated.

02:19:41.417 --> 02:19:44.833
We told them to keep the dismissal
compensation so we could keep working,

02:19:44.999 --> 02:19:47.083
starting from scratch,

02:19:47.250 --> 02:19:48.999
that the money was for that purpose.

02:19:49.125 --> 02:19:50.917
They never agreed to that,

02:19:51.042 --> 02:19:53.208
they wanted to destroy the foundry.

02:19:53.375 --> 02:19:56.042
There couldn't be
a competing foundry.

02:19:56.208 --> 02:19:59.125
Their studies were certain,
their decision had been taken.

02:19:59.292 --> 02:20:03.250
Lead, at the time,
had to be made in Germany

02:20:03.417 --> 02:20:07.125
and not in Spain. This had to be
crushed no matter what.

02:20:07.542 --> 02:20:11.542
We held 186 or 187 demonstrations

02:20:12.375 --> 02:20:16.208
from January to June,

02:20:16.375 --> 02:20:18.542
June 10th, when it closed.

02:20:18.708 --> 02:20:21.583
We held 186 demonstrations
around the city,

02:20:21.750 --> 02:20:25.750
some in Murcia and one in Madrid.

02:20:25.917 --> 02:20:27.542
And one in Madrid.

02:20:27.708 --> 02:20:31.542
Of these, 117 were continuous,
not a day was missed.

02:20:31.917 --> 02:20:35.333
We'd walked so often down the road,

02:20:35.542 --> 02:20:37.999
telling the cars to turn around,

02:20:38.125 --> 02:20:40.792
that there was a demonstration
and who we were that,

02:20:40.958 --> 02:20:43.833
when it all closed

02:20:43.999 --> 02:20:47.042
and we were "normal" people,
I'd still walk

02:20:47.208 --> 02:20:49.999
down the middle of the road
and my kids would grab me:

02:20:50.125 --> 02:20:53.333
"Get on the pavement,
you'll get run over."

02:20:54.250 --> 02:20:56.958
-That was the road we took...
-That was the route.

02:20:57.083 --> 02:21:01.000
...we set out on for the mobilization.

02:21:01.167 --> 02:21:02.958
We were the company

02:21:03.083 --> 02:21:05.292
that held the most mobilizations.

02:21:05.458 --> 02:21:08.958
Among these lies, fallacies,
deceit and the whole story,

02:21:10.958 --> 02:21:13.333
the conflict emerged,

02:21:13.542 --> 02:21:16.999
the desire to set fire to
what was in the way.

02:21:17.125 --> 02:21:20.583
Our job was at stake
and the bread for our children.

02:21:20.750 --> 02:21:23.042
And this kidding around

02:21:23.208 --> 02:21:24.999
and this playing with us

02:21:25.125 --> 02:21:28.167
by the company, the politicians,
by everybody,

02:21:28.333 --> 02:21:31.583
raised, increased the...

02:21:31.750 --> 02:21:35.417
There was trouble with Renfe,
with cutting off the streets,

02:21:35.625 --> 02:21:38.250
-with the burning of the parliament.
-Everything.

02:21:38.417 --> 02:21:42.083
It all came together: the regulation
proceedings of Bazán, Ercros,

02:21:42.250 --> 02:21:45.750
CAMISA, who fired all the workers...

02:21:45.917 --> 02:21:49.292
It all came together.
And it was all unleashed.

02:21:49.458 --> 02:21:52.542
And the escalation was suicidal,

02:21:52.708 --> 02:21:55.667
because after the parliament burning,
other things weren't covered.

02:21:55.833 --> 02:21:59.375
This guy was going
to get 20 years in jail

02:21:59.583 --> 02:22:01.292
because we set fire to Renfe

02:22:01.458 --> 02:22:05.125
and for 3 or 4 days no trains
came into Cartagena.

02:22:05.292 --> 02:22:08.542
We burnt the whole station.
Subsequent to that,

02:22:08.708 --> 02:22:11.250
we cut off the soldiers...
In Cartagena,

02:22:11.417 --> 02:22:13.917
we stopped people
from boarding three ships,

02:22:14.042 --> 02:22:16.625
because we cut off
the road to the port

02:22:16.792 --> 02:22:18.750
and they didn't want
to take them on boats.

02:22:18.917 --> 02:22:21.583
Not one soldier got past there.

02:22:21.750 --> 02:22:24.625
The Guardia Civil had to kill us
if they wanted them to cross.

02:22:24.792 --> 02:22:26.292
They were watching the escalation.

02:22:26.458 --> 02:22:29.708
We set tyres on fire in the tunnel...

02:22:29.875 --> 02:22:31.292
If we'd carried on like that...

02:22:31.458 --> 02:22:34.958
I feel bad about that
and later regretted it.

02:22:35.083 --> 02:22:37.750
We were becoming true terrorists,

02:22:37.917 --> 02:22:39.917
we did whatever we had to.

02:22:44.999 --> 02:22:47.750
I was 25 at the time

02:22:47.917 --> 02:22:50.667
and saw that all my co-workers
were very nervous.

02:22:50.833 --> 02:22:53.250
As I was the youngest,
I didn't have the fear

02:22:53.417 --> 02:22:56.750
that I saw in the men
of 40 or 50 years old

02:22:56.917 --> 02:23:00.083
who until this time were relaxed,
comfortable, happy

02:23:00.250 --> 02:23:01.333
and secure.

02:23:01.542 --> 02:23:05.167
I began to see insecurity,
unhappiness and nervousness.

02:23:05.333 --> 02:23:07.792
I began to see a lot of
sickness, social unrest,

02:23:07.958 --> 02:23:11.833
nervous, restless people.

02:23:11.999 --> 02:23:14.250
All conversation revolved around that.

02:23:14.417 --> 02:23:16.875
Joy had gone,
now there was fear.

02:23:17.000 --> 02:23:21.000
There was constant unrest
and it showed in everything,

02:23:21.167 --> 02:23:24.667
even at the football.
Signs appeared at the football

02:23:24.833 --> 02:23:27.958
that they'd closed
some company or other.

02:23:28.083 --> 02:23:31.250
You'd walk around Cartagena
and see guys

02:23:31.417 --> 02:23:34.208
who'd held up signs because
another company was closed.

02:23:34.375 --> 02:23:37.417
There were 127 demonstrations
in 180 days.

02:23:37.625 --> 02:23:39.583
Check it out. That's a ton.

02:23:39.750 --> 02:23:41.375
127 mobilizations

02:23:41.583 --> 02:23:44.083
in 180 days, no less.

02:23:44.250 --> 02:23:46.542
There was something every day.
In the morning or evening,

02:23:46.708 --> 02:23:50.583
on one street or another,
one group or another, or together.

02:23:50.958 --> 02:23:52.833
People didn't jump at the first scare.

02:23:52.999 --> 02:23:55.667
We endured one set of proceedings,
than another...

02:23:55.833 --> 02:23:58.292
They weren't as traumatic,

02:23:58.458 --> 02:24:00.375
people were retiring

02:24:00.583 --> 02:24:03.292
or you were put on the dole
a few months, certain you'd be back.

02:24:03.458 --> 02:24:06.292
They'd put you on the dole
for 3 or 4 months,

02:24:06.458 --> 02:24:09.708
you were the famous "regulated ones",
on work regulation,

02:24:09.875 --> 02:24:11.999
and they'd say: "You, in January,
February and March don't come."

02:24:12.125 --> 02:24:14.792
You were paid the dole,
you'd lose out a little...

02:24:15.958 --> 02:24:19.917
but you could take it.
The problem wasn't the first, second...

02:24:20.042 --> 02:24:22.458
but the sixth proceedings,

02:24:22.667 --> 02:24:26.667
when you'd used up
all the unemployment benefits.

02:24:26.917 --> 02:24:30.750
There was a risk of even
losing unemployment benefits

02:24:30.917 --> 02:24:33.708
and the next step was the abyss,
complete loss of employment,

02:24:33.875 --> 02:24:37.792
that they'd fire you,
having used up your benefits.

02:24:37.958 --> 02:24:40.833
The Ferrol, Cartagena and San Fernando
shipyards began to fight each other,

02:24:40.999 --> 02:24:44.999
the three factories where
the old Bazán is set up,

02:24:45.167 --> 02:24:47.083
for the little work there was.

02:24:47.250 --> 02:24:48.708
That's when politics came in.

02:24:48.875 --> 02:24:51.083
In Galicia
they had Manuel Fraga Iribarne,

02:24:51.250 --> 02:24:53.375
the president of
the Galician Government,

02:24:53.583 --> 02:24:57.458
a heavyweight in the Partido Popular
that Moncloa was afraid of.

02:24:57.667 --> 02:25:01.125
In Cádiz they had Carmen Romero,
the wife of the President.

02:25:02.458 --> 02:25:05.667
She was untouchable too.
That left Cartagena. Who did we have?

02:25:05.833 --> 02:25:08.667
The President of Murcia,
Carlos Collado Mena,

02:25:08.833 --> 02:25:10.208
who had no clout in Madrid.

02:25:10.375 --> 02:25:12.833
He simply had no clout in Madrid.

02:25:13.125 --> 02:25:16.792
Murcia had no clout among
the autonomous communities

02:25:16.958 --> 02:25:20.083
in the Spanish state
and our interests weren't a priority.

02:25:20.250 --> 02:25:23.042
There had to be Employment
Regulation Proceedings? For whom?

02:25:23.208 --> 02:25:25.042
Exclusively, the Cartagena factory,

02:25:25.208 --> 02:25:27.917
while the factories of Ferrol
and Cádiz were saved.

02:25:28.417 --> 02:25:30.917
All this built up rage
and frustration in you,

02:25:31.042 --> 02:25:33.792
in the final months of '91,
where not only the worker

02:25:33.958 --> 02:25:36.917
but the Cartagena citizen,
was watching their city getting fucked.

02:25:37.999 --> 02:25:40.958
They're ruining the city,
the whole city was under attack.

02:25:41.083 --> 02:25:44.042
It's important to understand this
because it explains what happened later.

02:25:44.208 --> 02:25:47.333
It wasn't just one workers' group,
the entire citizenry

02:25:47.542 --> 02:25:50.792
felt under attack.
The businesses and bars saw

02:25:50.958 --> 02:25:53.875
that if the city's salaries were lost,
they'd lose their income too.

02:25:54.000 --> 02:25:57.125
So there was a real solidarity,
it wasn't a tall tale.

02:25:57.292 --> 02:26:00.333
The bars and small businesses said:

02:26:00.542 --> 02:26:03.417
"There can't be one closing
after another."

02:26:03.625 --> 02:26:06.583
There was a collective feeling
of being crushed,

02:26:06.750 --> 02:26:09.208
which worsened because it was '92.

02:26:09.375 --> 02:26:12.042
'92 was the lavish,
wonderful year of Spain:

02:26:12.292 --> 02:26:14.125
the Barcelona Olympics

02:26:14.292 --> 02:26:16.417
and the Seville Expo.

02:26:16.625 --> 02:26:19.625
All very pretty, a country
all rosy, a wonderland.

02:26:19.792 --> 02:26:22.999
And your city was fucked
and they were ruining your life.

02:26:23.125 --> 02:26:25.417
You'd turn on the TV
and it was a wonderland.

02:26:25.625 --> 02:26:29.167
Barcelona 92, Seville 92
and you say "What about Cartagena?

02:26:29.333 --> 02:26:31.917
And Huelva? And Vigo?
And Sagunto, what?"

02:26:32.042 --> 02:26:35.708
They say nothing unites people
like adversity. That's true.

02:26:35.875 --> 02:26:38.208
Since we were fucked,
we got together.

02:26:38.375 --> 02:26:41.917
You'll have seen the videos,
the songs in the demonstrations.

02:26:42.042 --> 02:26:44.250
There was always
some kidding, some humour.

02:26:45.292 --> 02:26:48.167
The first weeks that prevailed,

02:26:48.333 --> 02:26:50.250
but as the conflict got harsher,

02:26:50.417 --> 02:26:52.542
that humour turned to fear,

02:26:52.708 --> 02:26:54.958
and fear turns to anger,
anger turns to violence.

02:26:55.999 --> 02:26:58.875
You end up in a ball of violence
you don't want to be in.

02:26:59.000 --> 02:27:01.792
You don't want to be in it,
but you're in a mob

02:27:01.958 --> 02:27:04.167
that's throwing rocks at
the police, breaking glass

02:27:04.333 --> 02:27:06.833
or setting fire to skips
and you're in it saying:

02:27:06.999 --> 02:27:09.083
"Fuck, where am I?"
It can't be any other way,

02:27:09.250 --> 02:27:12.000
the people setting fire
to a skip are right,

02:27:12.167 --> 02:27:14.708
the people breaking glass are right,

02:27:15.708 --> 02:27:18.333
as are the people throwing rocks
at that poor cop,

02:27:18.542 --> 02:27:21.375
because he's as unfortunate
as we are, damn it.

02:27:21.583 --> 02:27:24.999
But the guy hitting the cop
is right, that's the way it is.

02:27:25.125 --> 02:27:28.542
You justify things that in normal
circumstances, you wouldn't.

02:27:28.708 --> 02:27:31.000
You had to because it was
the bread of your children,

02:27:31.167 --> 02:27:33.167
your brother, your cousin,
your father, your neighbours.

02:27:46.417 --> 02:27:48.125
How did it all start?

02:27:48.292 --> 02:27:51.375
The city had a lot of large firms

02:27:51.667 --> 02:27:54.250
with a national reach.

02:27:54.417 --> 02:27:57.292
We're talking about something
called the INI,

02:27:57.750 --> 02:27:59.708
which had a load of companies.

02:28:00.250 --> 02:28:03.167
The Instituto Nacional de Industria
were public companies

02:28:03.333 --> 02:28:06.083
where the workers
were public workers

02:28:06.250 --> 02:28:08.250
and were thus considered
civil servants.

02:28:08.417 --> 02:28:11.250
I never liked that the workers
in these industries

02:28:11.417 --> 02:28:13.917
were considered civil servants.

02:28:14.042 --> 02:28:18.000
They felt that security.

02:28:18.167 --> 02:28:22.167
We had Bazán, we had mining

02:28:22.333 --> 02:28:24.417
from the period of the Romans,

02:28:24.625 --> 02:28:26.958
we had lead smelting,

02:28:27.083 --> 02:28:31.042
we had a factory devoted to zinc,

02:28:31.208 --> 02:28:34.333
the Española del Zinc,
which also produced sulphurs.

02:28:34.542 --> 02:28:37.000
Then we had three
major centres of fertilizers

02:28:37.167 --> 02:28:41.999
that covered a range of
fertilizer-related products.

02:28:42.125 --> 02:28:46.792
"Fertilizers" were classified

02:28:46.958 --> 02:28:48.875
as a strategic sector,

02:28:49.000 --> 02:28:52.750
that is, it had special protection
because in Spain

02:28:52.917 --> 02:28:56.542
agriculture is still

02:28:56.708 --> 02:28:58.417
a large part of the GDP.

02:28:58.625 --> 02:29:02.208
What was the aim of making
"Fertilizers" a strategic sector?

02:29:02.375 --> 02:29:04.917
The aim was that
the prices of fertilizers

02:29:05.042 --> 02:29:08.250
for farmers were controlled

02:29:08.417 --> 02:29:10.667
in such a way that
agricultural production

02:29:10.833 --> 02:29:13.292
didn't depend on rising
or falling prices.

02:29:14.333 --> 02:29:17.333
The time
for industrial reconversion came,

02:29:17.542 --> 02:29:20.958
we joined the European agreements,

02:29:21.083 --> 02:29:23.625
and it was decided that
sector had to be reconverted.

02:29:24.000 --> 02:29:27.292
So a plan was made,
a plan negotiated

02:29:27.458 --> 02:29:30.208
between the Government,

02:29:30.375 --> 02:29:32.542
businesses and unions

02:29:32.708 --> 02:29:35.083
to restructure

02:29:35.250 --> 02:29:37.417
or reconvert the sector
in a rational way.

02:29:37.625 --> 02:29:41.625
This sector had direct employment
of over 100,000 people.

02:29:42.042 --> 02:29:43.458
It was no joke.

02:29:44.292 --> 02:29:48.292
What was done?
There were concentrations of companies,

02:29:48.875 --> 02:29:52.375
some closing, others opening,

02:29:52.583 --> 02:29:55.708
the modernization of facilities,
there were retirements...

02:29:55.875 --> 02:29:59.000
An industrial plan was made

02:29:59.167 --> 02:30:00.625
on development and employment.

02:30:00.792 --> 02:30:03.708
The basic aim?
To maintain the sector,

02:30:03.875 --> 02:30:06.875
a strong Spanish fertilizer sector
so that agriculture in Spain

02:30:07.000 --> 02:30:09.458
was not subject to

02:30:09.667 --> 02:30:11.208
the ups and downs of the market...

02:30:12.250 --> 02:30:14.958
and at the same time
to rationalize as much as possible.

02:30:17.125 --> 02:30:20.750
I remember in summer 1990

02:30:21.792 --> 02:30:24.583
I was in a camping ground,

02:30:24.750 --> 02:30:26.750
having a quiet summer,
excited because

02:30:26.917 --> 02:30:29.375
we'd just signed the Industrial
Employment and Development Plan,

02:30:29.583 --> 02:30:31.999
the PIDE, as it was known.

02:30:32.125 --> 02:30:35.833
I'd gone on holiday with my family
to Bolnuevo, in Mazarrón.

02:30:36.875 --> 02:30:39.999
We were camping there,
with my two little ones,

02:30:40.125 --> 02:30:43.417
and I'd get up early every morning
to buy the paper.

02:30:43.625 --> 02:30:46.125
I liked going to the beach
at 8:30.

02:30:46.292 --> 02:30:49.083
I was there at 8:30,
sitting and reading,

02:30:49.250 --> 02:30:52.583
and I see that KIO
has landed in Spain...

02:30:53.625 --> 02:30:56.375
and bought Explosivos Río Tinto.

02:30:56.583 --> 02:30:58.999
It was the largest

02:30:59.125 --> 02:31:01.417
chemical group in the country.

02:31:01.750 --> 02:31:03.917
KIO was a major investment group,

02:31:04.042 --> 02:31:06.958
but very much a speculator.

02:31:07.083 --> 02:31:10.875
In fact, when they went to England,
Thatcher...

02:31:12.333 --> 02:31:16.125
from the English "communist" party...
Remember her?

02:31:16.292 --> 02:31:17.375
Well, Thatcher,

02:31:17.583 --> 02:31:20.458
influenced by her "communist" ideas,

02:31:20.667 --> 02:31:23.958
decided that they couldn't have
over 25% of any place.

02:31:24.958 --> 02:31:27.917
Here they were told
they could do what they wanted,

02:31:28.042 --> 02:31:29.792
and they took most of it.

02:31:29.958 --> 02:31:31.583
And the Government,
good old Solchaga,

02:31:33.333 --> 02:31:35.792
decided...

02:31:37.000 --> 02:31:40.167
"Why don't they take
the whole sector?"

02:31:40.750 --> 02:31:43.167
Just imagine what
that meant for people who,

02:31:43.333 --> 02:31:46.250
up to the day before,
had been part of the INI,

02:31:48.042 --> 02:31:51.000
who'd signed agreements
as a part of the INI.

02:31:52.833 --> 02:31:56.542
They'd signed agreements with
the Ministry of Industry.

02:31:56.708 --> 02:31:58.417
And so had we,

02:31:58.625 --> 02:32:01.458
the private part as well.

02:32:02.792 --> 02:32:06.208
And it was all lost.
Suddenly these fellows turn up,

02:32:07.333 --> 02:32:09.917
they keep the 60 billion pesetas,

02:32:10.042 --> 02:32:12.542
they don't concentrate the firms,

02:32:12.708 --> 02:32:14.917
they don't invest,

02:32:15.042 --> 02:32:18.042
and then, by chance,

02:32:18.208 --> 02:32:22.000
they propose early sackings
in those fertilizer companies.

02:32:22.167 --> 02:32:25.917
They're very old companies,
very much inside the old section.

02:32:26.042 --> 02:32:28.792
KIO presents work regulation

02:32:28.958 --> 02:32:33.625
for all those with land in the cities
that could be sold.

02:32:34.167 --> 02:32:35.708
Imagine it:

02:32:35.875 --> 02:32:39.833
the negotiating tables don't work,

02:32:39.999 --> 02:32:43.667
the reports from Employment

02:32:43.833 --> 02:32:46.125
are all negative for the Proceedings

02:32:46.292 --> 02:32:48.000
because the work inspectors

02:32:48.167 --> 02:32:50.667
knew there were commitments
that had to be met.

02:32:50.833 --> 02:32:54.083
When you buy a company,
you buy workers and commitments,

02:32:54.250 --> 02:32:57.125
just as you purchase the debts
and keep the profits.

02:32:57.292 --> 02:32:59.458
You buy everything.

02:32:59.917 --> 02:33:02.750
The reconversion was done on paper...

02:33:03.875 --> 02:33:06.042
and it was all proper.

02:33:06.208 --> 02:33:09.250
Then KIO turned up

02:33:09.417 --> 02:33:12.708
and made good old De la Rosa
its boss in Spain.

02:33:12.875 --> 02:33:14.792
I'll say it again, he's a crook.

02:33:14.958 --> 02:33:17.999
I said he was then
and I'll say it now...

02:33:18.125 --> 02:33:20.292
He's a real crook.

02:33:20.458 --> 02:33:23.625
I didn't feel bad at all
when he asked to leave prison

02:33:23.792 --> 02:33:25.458
because he was really sick.

02:33:26.542 --> 02:33:29.292
I would've taken him to see
all the people he hurt,

02:33:29.458 --> 02:33:32.167
because lots of people
had to go to mental hospitals,

02:33:32.333 --> 02:33:36.625
they had to stop their kids
from finishing degrees,

02:33:36.792 --> 02:33:39.458
or if they studied abroad,
they had to come back.

02:33:39.667 --> 02:33:43.625
People get sick when they
haven't made any money in 3 months,

02:33:43.792 --> 02:33:47.083
while he's on a yacht
worth millions of euros

02:33:47.250 --> 02:33:49.667
going down the Cantabrian coast.

02:33:51.042 --> 02:33:54.250
Imagine how little I cared
that the fucker was sick.

02:33:54.417 --> 02:33:57.750
Excuse the expression,
but he deserves it.

02:33:58.792 --> 02:34:00.458
It could've been done right.

02:34:00.667 --> 02:34:04.083
In fact, it was set up
to be done right.

02:34:04.250 --> 02:34:08.083
The thing is, I get it,

02:34:08.250 --> 02:34:09.708
the rush to join Europe...

02:34:09.875 --> 02:34:13.875
And I'm not denying the importance
of Spain joining Europe.

02:34:14.375 --> 02:34:16.292
People my age

02:34:16.458 --> 02:34:19.417
knew the Spain of '75
and how it is now.

02:34:19.625 --> 02:34:22.417
You can't compare the infrastructure,

02:34:23.875 --> 02:34:27.875
the hospitals, lots of services,
universities and such.

02:34:28.000 --> 02:34:30.000
We made a huge leap forward.

02:34:30.875 --> 02:34:34.167
We started to go out and protest

02:34:34.333 --> 02:34:35.917
about the situation.

02:34:36.042 --> 02:34:38.750
If I'm out for 150 days

02:34:39.792 --> 02:34:41.833
demonstrating peacefully...

02:34:43.000 --> 02:34:45.583
and I get silence as an answer...

02:34:45.750 --> 02:34:48.417
I go to see the person
who represents me,

02:34:48.625 --> 02:34:52.125
which was, unfortunately,
a long-standing friend of mine,

02:34:52.292 --> 02:34:54.042
José Antonio Alonso,

02:34:55.375 --> 02:35:01.833
the Mayor of Cartagena,
wasn't responsible for

02:35:01.999 --> 02:35:04.042
the non-fulfilment of the plans.

02:35:05.167 --> 02:35:08.542
All he's responsible for is
taking the side of citizens

02:35:08.708 --> 02:35:11.083
and saying: "I'm with you,
I support you,

02:35:11.250 --> 02:35:13.542
and any way I can
I'm going to request

02:35:13.708 --> 02:35:16.458
that the agreements are fulfilled."
That's all he had to do.

02:35:16.667 --> 02:35:20.625
If he turns his back
and won't meet with you...

02:35:20.792 --> 02:35:22.958
It's not that we won't meet you,
he hides away.

02:35:25.083 --> 02:35:27.750
One day he arranged to
meet us in the Council.

02:35:27.917 --> 02:35:30.250
The Municipal Police tell us:

02:35:30.417 --> 02:35:34.292
"Paco, he's upstairs,
but he's hiding in his office."

02:35:34.458 --> 02:35:37.792
He lets me into the Council
through a side entrance,

02:35:37.958 --> 02:35:40.999
I go up to his office,
and talk him into coming down.

02:35:41.125 --> 02:35:42.917
It's filmed on TeleCartagena.

02:35:43.042 --> 02:35:45.208
He comes down with me
to read a statement

02:35:45.375 --> 02:35:47.999
the we'd drafted two days before

02:35:48.125 --> 02:35:51.417
and he couldn't because
his hands were shaking.

02:35:51.625 --> 02:35:53.750
He was a Socialist mayor

02:35:53.917 --> 02:35:56.833
who was with friends
of 20 or 30 years

02:35:57.999 --> 02:36:00.042
to talk to the workers.

02:36:00.208 --> 02:36:03.833
Over half of them there
had voted for him...

02:36:04.875 --> 02:36:08.167
and he was hiding because
he was following superior orders.

02:36:09.292 --> 02:36:12.875
Do you know how a guy feels
when he's in that situation?

02:36:14.875 --> 02:36:18.875
Do you know how he feels,
a family man, 4 kids, 49 years old,

02:36:19.333 --> 02:36:22.458
who fought for 20 years
against Francoism,

02:36:22.667 --> 02:36:25.792
who has a Socialist
or Comisiones Obreras card,

02:36:25.958 --> 02:36:30.000
in front of the guy who voted for him
because he was left-wing,

02:36:30.167 --> 02:36:32.833
and this mayor is hiding
in his office?

02:36:32.999 --> 02:36:36.375
Do you know how that feels?
It's terrifying.

02:36:38.208 --> 02:36:41.000
You feel like you've been
deceived your whole life,

02:36:41.167 --> 02:36:43.875
that the time you spent in jail
or the beatings you took,

02:36:44.000 --> 02:36:46.875
weren't worth a thing.

02:36:48.042 --> 02:36:49.458
And after that, what?

02:36:49.667 --> 02:36:53.250
Do you go home relaxed
as if nothing happened here?

02:36:53.417 --> 02:36:55.542
"Poor guy, he can't see us."

02:36:57.250 --> 02:36:59.083
It's been...

02:37:00.417 --> 02:37:03.000
27 years and it still pains me.

02:37:03.167 --> 02:37:05.999
I'm still pissed off.

02:37:07.042 --> 02:37:09.375
You'd go to the Regional Government,

02:37:10.999 --> 02:37:12.917
paying for the bus ride
with the little money...

02:37:13.042 --> 02:37:15.042
We hadn't been paid for 3 months,

02:37:16.708 --> 02:37:18.625
working without getting paid.

02:37:21.542 --> 02:37:25.083
You'd go to the government
and you might as well have gone...

02:37:25.250 --> 02:37:29.250
to the lighthouse,
at least you'd see the sea....

02:37:29.958 --> 02:37:32.583
It was day after day after day.

02:37:32.750 --> 02:37:36.375
And suddenly...
everyone's surprised.

02:37:36.583 --> 02:37:39.375
Everyone's surprised

02:37:39.583 --> 02:37:42.000
that people say
"It's come to this",

02:37:43.750 --> 02:37:46.167
and that the PSOE headquarters
is attacked,

02:37:47.208 --> 02:37:50.375
skips and bins are burnt
in the street,

02:37:52.333 --> 02:37:56.083
that there's a hunger strike
and the factories shut for 12 days.

02:37:57.917 --> 02:37:59.542
People are surprised at that.

02:38:00.625 --> 02:38:02.208
And so, from that point on,

02:38:03.333 --> 02:38:05.792
they want to speak to you.

02:38:05.958 --> 02:38:07.917
How can it work like that?

02:38:10.125 --> 02:38:13.958
When the Proceedings were approved,

02:38:14.083 --> 02:38:18.083
we on the committee
locked ourselves in the company.

02:38:18.333 --> 02:38:20.458
We slept on the floor for 7 days.

02:38:21.708 --> 02:38:24.792
And sure, that was...

02:38:24.958 --> 02:38:26.917
I think that was the fuse that...

02:38:27.042 --> 02:38:31.042
Sleeping on the floor
for a week is a bit rough.

02:38:31.583 --> 02:38:35.542
You get up in a bad mood
and it sharpens...

02:38:35.708 --> 02:38:37.958
your wits, like hunger does.

02:38:40.250 --> 02:38:43.000
We decided that...

02:38:43.167 --> 02:38:46.167
we had to do things...

02:38:47.625 --> 02:38:49.250
-Out of the ordinary.
-...out of the ordinary,

02:38:49.417 --> 02:38:51.875
-not very well known...
-And striking enough

02:38:52.000 --> 02:38:54.708
...to break the encirclement.

02:38:54.875 --> 02:38:58.208
We had to make the mayor
change his mind.

02:38:59.458 --> 02:39:03.042
To change his mind in some way,

02:39:03.208 --> 02:39:05.792
at least officially,
the door had to be torn down.

02:39:05.958 --> 02:39:07.958
Yes, because he wouldn't meet us.

02:39:08.083 --> 02:39:10.458
He wouldn't meet us,
they said he wasn't in,

02:39:10.667 --> 02:39:13.542
but when the door frame came down,

02:39:13.708 --> 02:39:15.792
-the mayor was sitting there.
-In his office.

02:39:15.958 --> 02:39:19.917
An emergency meeting was held
with the municipal spokespeople

02:39:20.042 --> 02:39:23.458
and the first proposal came out
in support of the workers

02:39:23.667 --> 02:39:26.250
against the Proceedings,

02:39:26.417 --> 02:39:29.750
at least officially,
from the Cartagena Council.

02:39:29.917 --> 02:39:32.208
When the Autonomous Community,

02:39:32.375 --> 02:39:36.375
unlike Andalusia and Ferrol,

02:39:37.000 --> 02:39:39.999
the Government measure was justified...

02:39:41.333 --> 02:39:43.167
and we demanded meetings...

02:39:43.333 --> 02:39:47.333
Antonio sent a request
for acknowledgement...

02:39:47.625 --> 02:39:50.417
-To Carlos Collado.
-...because they weren't answering us

02:39:50.625 --> 02:39:54.083
and returned the acknowledgement,
the letter...

02:39:54.250 --> 02:39:56.833
-It had on it...
-"Declined."

02:39:56.999 --> 02:39:59.417
"The receiver has declined

02:39:59.625 --> 02:40:02.083
to receive the dispatch."

02:40:02.250 --> 02:40:04.375
Carlos Collado was President,
and what did we do?

02:40:04.583 --> 02:40:07.708
We put Carlos Collado's face
on a target.

02:40:07.875 --> 02:40:09.792
and we bought...

02:40:11.708 --> 02:40:15.417
On Puerta de Murcia in Cartagena
we played "shots at Collado".

02:40:15.625 --> 02:40:17.792
We tried to...

02:40:17.958 --> 02:40:20.125
We went to San Esteban.

02:40:20.292 --> 02:40:24.625
After the committee lock-in,
26 busloads of us...

02:40:26.333 --> 02:40:29.167
We left him a postcard

02:40:29.333 --> 02:40:30.583
-that was pretty harsh.
-Yes.

02:40:30.917 --> 02:40:34.667
It was a great period of unity
among the staff.

02:40:35.708 --> 02:40:39.583
Actions were proposed and seconded...

02:40:39.750 --> 02:40:41.125
unanimously.

02:40:41.708 --> 02:40:44.625
We did some crazy stuff.
Looking back on it now,

02:40:44.792 --> 02:40:48.708
bursting into a military establishment,

02:40:48.875 --> 02:40:50.000
it's amazing.

02:40:50.167 --> 02:40:54.125
I had a period of
some two or three weeks

02:40:54.292 --> 02:40:57.250
when I got death threats
every single night.

02:40:57.417 --> 02:40:59.708
They'd call me on the phone.

02:40:59.875 --> 02:41:03.417
It scared us a little because
we'd turn off the last light at home,

02:41:03.625 --> 02:41:06.125
go to bed, and five minutes later
someone would call

02:41:06.292 --> 02:41:10.292
in a disguised voice, saying
"I'll kill you. Where's your wife?

02:41:10.458 --> 02:41:12.417
I'm going to kill you..."

02:41:12.625 --> 02:41:14.542
You knew it wasn't true,

02:41:14.708 --> 02:41:17.958
but you still worried.

02:41:18.083 --> 02:41:20.625
So someone,
I can't remember who...

02:41:21.917 --> 02:41:25.250
I told the police

02:41:25.417 --> 02:41:28.208
and they replied:

02:41:28.375 --> 02:41:31.208
"From what you say,
it has to be someone close.

02:41:31.375 --> 02:41:34.292
Spread the word that
we've tapped your phone.

02:41:34.458 --> 02:41:36.667
We won't, it's too complicated.

02:41:36.833 --> 02:41:40.083
If it goes further,
we'll meet again and see,

02:41:40.250 --> 02:41:42.042
but for now,
in your immediate surroundings,

02:41:42.208 --> 02:41:44.458
spread the word that
your phone is tapped."

02:41:44.667 --> 02:41:47.042
That was a godsend

02:41:47.208 --> 02:41:50.583
because the calls stopped.

02:41:50.750 --> 02:41:54.458
Besides these calls,
we often got calls as well

02:41:54.667 --> 02:41:56.958
from the police:

02:41:57.083 --> 02:42:00.625
"We know what you're up to,
be careful.

02:42:02.542 --> 02:42:04.417
Don't cross the line,
we're right behind you..."

02:42:04.625 --> 02:42:07.958
So, yes, the tension was
very, very great.

02:42:10.208 --> 02:42:13.333
Maybe I'm a bit stigmatized.

02:42:13.542 --> 02:42:14.958
Maybe I am.

02:42:15.083 --> 02:42:18.375
When I hear politicians in office

02:42:18.583 --> 02:42:20.958
talk to us with scorn

02:42:21.083 --> 02:42:23.875
and talk about violence...

02:42:24.000 --> 02:42:25.667
"What are you on about?"

02:42:26.708 --> 02:42:29.875
I've negotiated,

02:42:30.000 --> 02:42:31.833
as a police inspector,

02:42:31.999 --> 02:42:35.458
with unions, with demonstrations...

02:42:36.792 --> 02:42:39.875
I went to meet them,
in Bazán, in Comisiones Obreras,

02:42:40.000 --> 02:42:42.875
in the UGT...

02:42:43.000 --> 02:42:45.292
I'm a "friend"...

02:42:46.333 --> 02:42:47.583
of Andrés of the UGT

02:42:48.708 --> 02:42:52.708
and the Secretary of Comisiones.

02:42:52.958 --> 02:42:56.750
Why? To what end?

02:42:56.917 --> 02:42:58.250
To stop bad things.

02:42:59.708 --> 02:43:02.333
That was the aim, to make pacts.

02:43:03.667 --> 02:43:05.999
"How far can we agree?

02:43:06.125 --> 02:43:08.542
How far can we go?"
"We'll hold on here another hour."

02:43:08.708 --> 02:43:11.042
"Alright, let's do this..."

02:43:11.208 --> 02:43:13.208
Now we get into...

02:43:13.375 --> 02:43:15.792
...this negotiation
because it's very interesting.

02:43:15.958 --> 02:43:18.917
And a key factor was
when they set fire to parliament.

02:43:19.417 --> 02:43:21.333
When the police face

02:43:21.958 --> 02:43:25.000
more than 50 people
they can't have a battle.

02:43:25.167 --> 02:43:27.542
We lost the battles.

02:43:27.833 --> 02:43:30.458
Normally the law protects us.

02:43:31.542 --> 02:43:34.042
But in what sense?
When the police pull out

02:43:34.208 --> 02:43:35.999
their defences and hit people,

02:43:37.000 --> 02:43:39.999
nobody remembers what
they're protesting about,

02:43:40.125 --> 02:43:43.167
that they're violating the norms,
they're breaking the law,

02:43:43.333 --> 02:43:44.792
a prohibition...

02:43:44.958 --> 02:43:47.250
They only see the police

02:43:47.417 --> 02:43:49.417
hitting someone on the back.

02:43:49.625 --> 02:43:51.250
That's a reality.

02:43:51.417 --> 02:43:53.417
So what do we have to do?
Avoid it.

02:43:54.458 --> 02:43:55.792
How?

02:43:58.333 --> 02:44:01.292
If you push me to say:
Let them do what they like.

02:44:03.125 --> 02:44:05.417
They cut off traffic?
Let them do it.

02:44:05.625 --> 02:44:08.792
They stop the train station?
Then let them go.

02:44:08.958 --> 02:44:11.292
"They've gone to
the Maritime Authority."

02:44:11.458 --> 02:44:13.292
"They should hang in there."

02:44:14.917 --> 02:44:16.667
That's been my job,

02:44:16.833 --> 02:44:19.833
hang in there, hang in there...

02:44:19.999 --> 02:44:22.208
But it got out of hand,

02:44:23.250 --> 02:44:27.167
that was a very strange situation.

02:44:28.917 --> 02:44:32.542
A line was broken
and we shifted back.

02:44:32.708 --> 02:44:36.625
We wanted to re-establish the line,
like it was a battle.

02:44:36.792 --> 02:44:40.250
And, of course, you can't
hold back 200 men.

02:44:42.333 --> 02:44:44.750
Why was the Parliament burnt?

02:44:44.917 --> 02:44:48.042
It was burnt because of the police.

02:44:50.708 --> 02:44:52.167
At the door to parliament,

02:44:52.333 --> 02:44:55.333
at 9 or 9:15 in the morning,

02:44:55.542 --> 02:44:57.792
were the workers of Peñarroya.

02:44:59.417 --> 02:45:01.667
The poor guys were going to deliver

02:45:01.833 --> 02:45:05.542
Statement 27 to the parliament president,
Miguel Navarro.

02:45:05.708 --> 02:45:09.125
At this same time, in Comisiones

02:45:09.292 --> 02:45:10.750
there was a set of people.

02:45:11.999 --> 02:45:15.208
José Luis Romero, the General Secretary,
came to my office,

02:45:15.375 --> 02:45:17.875
where I was working,
and said to me: "Paco."

02:45:18.000 --> 02:45:21.042
"Yes, José"
"Why don't we go

02:45:21.208 --> 02:45:23.999
and cover Juan, let's go to him,

02:45:24.125 --> 02:45:25.625
with the ones that are alone there?

02:45:25.792 --> 02:45:28.625
If they're going to go in,
you and I will too,

02:45:28.792 --> 02:45:30.125
and talk to Miguel."

02:45:30.292 --> 02:45:33.999
Romero and I had
a lot of contact with Miguel.

02:45:36.875 --> 02:45:38.167
"Right then, let's go."

02:45:38.333 --> 02:45:41.917
We gathered people
who worked in the union,

02:45:42.042 --> 02:45:45.042
the workers that were around,
and we set out,

02:45:45.208 --> 02:45:49.375
25 to 40 of us.

02:45:49.583 --> 02:45:50.875
No more than that.

02:45:51.000 --> 02:45:55.542
We picked up a sign we had:
"For the future of Cartagena."

02:45:57.167 --> 02:46:01.125
The avenue was closed,
they were occupying it

02:46:01.292 --> 02:46:03.292
in front of the parliament

02:46:04.417 --> 02:46:06.167
and on one side of the avenue

02:46:06.333 --> 02:46:08.958
we were with our sign.
And when we were,

02:46:09.083 --> 02:46:12.042
20 or 25 metres away,

02:46:12.208 --> 02:46:16.042
at the level of Radio Juventud,

02:46:16.208 --> 02:46:20.208
50 metres from where
the lads from Peñarroya were,

02:46:20.708 --> 02:46:23.083
the head cop came at us
with an attitude

02:46:24.167 --> 02:46:26.042
that surprised us,

02:46:26.208 --> 02:46:28.208
the one in charge of the police.

02:46:29.708 --> 02:46:33.042
But not only he approached us,
behind were 7 or 8 guys

02:46:33.208 --> 02:46:35.917
with rubber bullet shotguns.

02:46:37.958 --> 02:46:43.292
We reached him and he said to us:
"Where are you going?"

02:46:44.999 --> 02:46:46.667
Romero said:

02:46:46.833 --> 02:46:50.792
"We're going to join
our comrades from Peñarroya,

02:46:50.958 --> 02:46:53.542
to be with them
so that when they go in...

02:46:53.708 --> 02:46:56.792
I'm Romero, the general secretary,
here to accompany them in."

02:46:56.958 --> 02:46:58.667
"You can't go past!"

02:46:58.833 --> 02:47:05.208
Romero was here and I was here.

02:47:05.375 --> 02:47:09.292
All he did was take one step
forward with the sign,

02:47:09.458 --> 02:47:11.750
with the idea that we'd follow.

02:47:11.917 --> 02:47:13.958
He took just one step

02:47:14.083 --> 02:47:16.708
because this man hit him

02:47:16.875 --> 02:47:19.958
with the end of the club
on his mouth.

02:47:21.542 --> 02:47:24.208
He busted his nose
and he was bleeding.

02:47:24.375 --> 02:47:26.208
Then he gave the order to fire.

02:47:27.625 --> 02:47:30.708
So they shot at us,

02:47:30.875 --> 02:47:33.167
a volley of rubber bullets
at the whole first line.

02:47:34.375 --> 02:47:36.917
They didn't get me,
but Torres, for example,

02:47:37.042 --> 02:47:39.333
a lad from Bazán next to me,

02:47:39.542 --> 02:47:42.292
was hit by two rubber bullets.

02:47:42.458 --> 02:47:45.000
We took him to Emergencies.

02:47:45.167 --> 02:47:48.125
And we dispersed,
of course, because...

02:47:48.292 --> 02:47:49.542
they kept on firing,

02:47:49.708 --> 02:47:52.917
and they suddenly turned
to the people from Peñarroya

02:47:53.042 --> 02:47:56.042
and starting shooting at them too
to disperse them.

02:47:56.208 --> 02:47:58.625
That's how it was,
or may I be struck dead....

02:47:58.792 --> 02:48:01.125
I hope it's not for 500 years,
but anyway...

02:48:02.417 --> 02:48:05.708
It was like that. And from then on
the conflict got going,

02:48:05.875 --> 02:48:09.125
that's when it got started.
We started throwing...

02:48:11.083 --> 02:48:13.667
It was all broadcast live
because Cartagena,

02:48:13.833 --> 02:48:16.458
since it was hot news,

02:48:16.667 --> 02:48:20.000
Telecartagena, Onda Regional, SER,

02:48:20.167 --> 02:48:22.917
they were always at these places.
The word got around,

02:48:23.042 --> 02:48:25.125
the Bazán people filed out,

02:48:26.167 --> 02:48:28.958
and everyone came out
to join us there.

02:48:30.417 --> 02:48:33.417
It was madness, the police went mad,

02:48:33.625 --> 02:48:35.750
like they were on methamphetamines.

02:48:35.917 --> 02:48:39.125
They shot rubber bullets,

02:48:40.167 --> 02:48:43.875
they launched tear gas...

02:48:44.000 --> 02:48:46.667
There must be lots of images of that.

02:48:46.833 --> 02:48:49.250
And we began to respond too.

02:48:49.417 --> 02:48:51.458
The time had come in when...

02:48:52.958 --> 02:48:54.625
you didn't hold back.

02:48:54.792 --> 02:48:58.250
They made a show of violence
that I'd never seen before.

02:48:58.417 --> 02:49:00.958
After being there all morning...

02:49:01.083 --> 02:49:04.958
"Let's get going! Here we come!",

02:49:05.083 --> 02:49:07.750
all those stories,

02:49:09.167 --> 02:49:11.042
they got into the hospital,

02:49:13.167 --> 02:49:15.792
behind people,
they got into the school.

02:49:16.833 --> 02:49:19.292
The principal came out to say
what they did in there

02:49:19.458 --> 02:49:21.417
and they clubbed him.

02:49:22.417 --> 02:49:25.750
They got into the faculties in front,

02:49:25.917 --> 02:49:29.625
they went down the streets in vans

02:49:29.792 --> 02:49:32.667
firing rubber bullets at people.

02:49:33.999 --> 02:49:36.999
My father-in-law, who was
an officer in the Marine Police,

02:49:37.125 --> 02:49:40.833
was going home after duty,

02:49:40.999 --> 02:49:44.875
in military clothes, insignia and all,
was shot by a rubber bullet.

02:49:45.917 --> 02:49:48.208
He put his hand on his gun,

02:49:48.375 --> 02:49:51.208
because he was quite a character,
ready to shoot the cop

02:49:51.375 --> 02:49:54.333
if he shot him again.

02:49:56.000 --> 02:49:59.750
Going around the streets,
shooting at people...

02:50:00.875 --> 02:50:03.667
The poor worker,
if he was in blue overalls,

02:50:03.833 --> 02:50:06.917
they put him in a van,
beat the crap out of him

02:50:07.042 --> 02:50:08.792
and let him go again.

02:50:09.917 --> 02:50:12.042
It reminded me of
my youth in Madrid,

02:50:12.208 --> 02:50:14.333
when I was a student
and vans of cops would turn up

02:50:14.542 --> 02:50:17.792
downtown or at the university

02:50:17.958 --> 02:50:21.583
and they'd grab you, beat you
and leave you 100 metres down.

02:50:21.750 --> 02:50:24.208
The same thing. Nutcases.

02:50:25.250 --> 02:50:27.208
Total nutcases.

02:50:27.375 --> 02:50:30.958
Then they scattered,
they spread around the city,

02:50:31.083 --> 02:50:33.458
and what happened?
In the afternoon

02:50:33.667 --> 02:50:35.458
they left the Assembly "exposed"

02:50:35.667 --> 02:50:38.417
as they say.

02:50:38.625 --> 02:50:41.083
A parliament should
never be left exposed,

02:50:41.250 --> 02:50:43.708
but must always be open
to the people.

02:50:44.999 --> 02:50:46.708
The doors to a parliament

02:50:46.875 --> 02:50:49.667
cannot be locked to workers
who ask for their help.

02:50:50.792 --> 02:50:54.792
That's an aberration,
almost more of an aberration

02:50:54.958 --> 02:50:58.125
than people burning something
they feel does not represent them.

02:50:59.167 --> 02:51:02.375
The truly aberrant thing that morning

02:51:02.583 --> 02:51:05.625
was a parliament,

02:51:05.792 --> 02:51:07.833
supposedly democratic,

02:51:07.999 --> 02:51:10.999
refusing to receive citizens
who voted for them to be there.

02:51:11.125 --> 02:51:12.917
That really is aberrant!

02:51:14.083 --> 02:51:17.833
Then, in 12 hours
of tremendous violence,

02:51:17.999 --> 02:51:21.292
when workers ended their shift
in Valle de Escombreras,

02:51:21.458 --> 02:51:25.167
because the shifts were constant,

02:51:25.333 --> 02:51:28.583
they'd go into Cartagena
and throw rocks at the Assembly.

02:51:28.750 --> 02:51:31.917
And as rocks were tossed
inside the parliament

02:51:32.042 --> 02:51:35.708
someone threw in a Molotov cocktail,
or two or three, and it burnt.

02:51:38.750 --> 02:51:41.833
I've never looked into,
nor am I interested,

02:51:41.999 --> 02:51:45.250
in whether it was a criminal,
if it was a worker,

02:51:45.417 --> 02:51:49.167
or the janitor's cousin,
because he was underpaid.

02:51:49.333 --> 02:51:51.750
I've never been interested
in who it was,

02:51:51.917 --> 02:51:55.292
nor does my hair stand on end
because the Assembly was burnt.

02:51:55.458 --> 02:51:57.750
It stands on end

02:51:57.917 --> 02:52:00.000
because the police

02:52:00.167 --> 02:52:03.417
stopped the workers,

02:52:03.625 --> 02:52:05.375
who were there peacefully,

02:52:05.583 --> 02:52:08.000
from going inside their parliament.

02:52:09.167 --> 02:52:12.958
While it is not stated otherwise,
that parliament belongs to the people

02:52:13.083 --> 02:52:18.083
and it's there because of the people.

02:52:18.250 --> 02:52:22.250
It was clear it wasn't for the people
but for some politicians to live off,

02:52:22.458 --> 02:52:25.250
who since then don't represent me.

02:52:27.333 --> 02:52:30.750
When the Assembly was burnt
and it made the cover of El País,

02:52:30.917 --> 02:52:34.792
that's when everyone said:
"What's going on here?"

02:52:34.958 --> 02:52:39.500
"This is more than labour strife",
so Spain's P.M., Felipe González

02:52:39.667 --> 02:52:41.875
rang an economic advisor to say:

02:52:42.000 --> 02:52:44.583
"Explain what's going on
in Cartagena, I don't know."

02:52:45.625 --> 02:52:48.208
If the parliament wasn't burnt,
they would've ignored it.

02:52:48.375 --> 02:52:52.042
It would've been just another conflict.
That fact changed everything.

02:52:52.875 --> 02:52:55.250
17 days after the burning
of the Parliament,

02:52:55.417 --> 02:52:57.417
the Bazán Proceedings were lifted.

02:52:57.625 --> 02:53:00.000
It was impossible: no work,
no ships. "No, no, no."

02:53:00.167 --> 02:53:02.458
The Parliament was burnt
and in 17 days an order

02:53:02.667 --> 02:53:04.417
for 6 ships went through.

02:53:04.667 --> 02:53:08.542
That was 17 days
after the Assembly was burnt.

02:53:10.042 --> 02:53:11.667
How do you take that?

02:53:11.833 --> 02:53:14.417
Do people have to set fire
to a government building

02:53:14.625 --> 02:53:17.417
for work to come to the city?
Yes.

02:53:17.625 --> 02:53:21.042
That's how it was. On February 20
the Ministry gave the order

02:53:21.208 --> 02:53:24.750
to build 6 minesweepers
that saved Bazán in Cartagena.

02:53:25.333 --> 02:53:29.208
Reconversion doesn't explain it all,
but it does in Cartagena.

02:53:29.375 --> 02:53:32.917
Industrial reconversion took power
from the Socialist Party for 25 years

02:53:33.042 --> 02:53:37.208
and the conservative PP
is the beneficiary.

02:53:37.458 --> 02:53:40.000
Until '92, the PSOE won
the elections in Cartagena:

02:53:40.167 --> 02:53:42.708
municipal, autonomous and general.

02:53:42.875 --> 02:53:46.417
Since '92 they haven't won
any of these three.

02:53:46.625 --> 02:53:49.250
It's the punishment the city
inflicted on this party.

02:53:50.875 --> 02:53:53.333
You haven't won
the workers' struggle,

02:53:53.542 --> 02:53:55.875
because that goes on.

02:53:56.000 --> 02:53:59.208
But that battle in particular
we did win.

02:53:59.375 --> 02:54:01.292
The withdrawal of the Proceedings
was a victory.

02:54:01.458 --> 02:54:03.042
Yes, it was a victory.

02:54:03.208 --> 02:54:04.958
It's true that,

02:54:06.167 --> 02:54:07.625
to be fair,

02:54:07.792 --> 02:54:10.750
it's a victory of which

02:54:10.917 --> 02:54:14.458
we are not the only architects
of what happened.

02:54:14.667 --> 02:54:18.458
We were a public company
and depended on political decision.

02:54:18.667 --> 02:54:21.958
There were comrades in companies
that weren't public,

02:54:22.083 --> 02:54:25.125
in the fertilizer sector, Peñarroya,

02:54:25.292 --> 02:54:28.542
who lost because
it was private enterprise

02:54:28.708 --> 02:54:30.667
and the Government didn't intervene.

02:54:31.708 --> 02:54:35.042
We benefited somewhat
from that situation...

02:54:36.999 --> 02:54:40.292
and there was a bitter aftertaste

02:54:40.458 --> 02:54:44.375
about the comrades who hadn't
gained the same objective as we had.

02:54:45.999 --> 02:54:48.375
The worst thing was
and will be for me

02:54:48.583 --> 02:54:50.167
having to give severance

02:54:50.333 --> 02:54:52.708
to the 300 Peñarroya workers

02:54:52.875 --> 02:54:55.999
That wrecked me psychologically.

02:54:56.125 --> 02:54:59.000
It took me a year...

02:54:59.167 --> 02:55:03.167
to get over it at least.
It scarred me for life.

02:55:03.458 --> 02:55:06.792
That was the worst thing
that's happened to me,

02:55:06.958 --> 02:55:09.958
having to call, one by one...

02:55:10.083 --> 02:55:13.125
It gets to me now,
and 25 years have gone by.

02:55:13.292 --> 02:55:15.875
Calling the workers one by one

02:55:16.000 --> 02:55:19.250
and handing them the severance
from a company like Peñarroya,

02:55:20.333 --> 02:55:21.583
that was awful. Awful.

02:55:21.875 --> 02:55:24.292
And after that I spent 9 months,

02:55:24.458 --> 02:55:25.999
almost a year,

02:55:26.125 --> 02:55:29.542
making arrangements with Juan.
Up and down.

02:55:29.708 --> 02:55:31.625
Two years of dole was a lot

02:55:31.833 --> 02:55:35.792
and then I hit the wall
and fell into a depression.

02:55:35.958 --> 02:55:40.208
I was incapable
of picking up some pliers.

02:55:40.375 --> 02:55:44.125
That trauma that you're worthless.

02:55:44.292 --> 02:55:50.833
When I had the most money I'd ever had,
from the severance.

02:55:50.999 --> 02:55:52.750
I had no family problem

02:55:52.917 --> 02:55:55.583
and I fell into one of
those terrible depressions.

02:55:55.875 --> 02:55:59.208
I later fell into
such a deep depression

02:55:59.375 --> 02:56:01.083
that I entered a tunnel.

02:56:01.250 --> 02:56:04.625
I seemed to be going for
miles and miles

02:56:04.792 --> 02:56:08.000
and didn't see a way out.
Later there was, because...

02:56:08.167 --> 02:56:10.417
there's life outside
the walls of the factory,

02:56:10.625 --> 02:56:12.042
but we didn't know that.

02:56:12.208 --> 02:56:15.750
I spent a long time,

02:56:15.917 --> 02:56:19.667
every time I went to Escombreras
working with a truck,

02:56:19.833 --> 02:56:23.625
or wherever,

02:56:23.792 --> 02:56:27.208
I'd always stop unconsciously
at the factory gate.

02:56:27.375 --> 02:56:28.833
I didn't know why I stopped

02:56:29.167 --> 02:56:31.833
and it's because
something of me stayed there.

02:56:31.999 --> 02:56:34.875
Something of me stayed there
in the factory

02:56:35.000 --> 02:56:36.708
and I'd sometimes wait there.

02:56:36.875 --> 02:56:40.583
One day my daughter saw me stop
and said: "What are you doing?"

02:56:40.750 --> 02:56:43.417
"I don't know"
"Then get a move on!"

02:56:43.625 --> 02:56:47.625
But I left something inside,
I still don't know what.

02:56:48.875 --> 02:56:51.417
And now it's rubble, ruins,

02:56:51.625 --> 02:56:54.583
a pile of rocks,

02:56:54.750 --> 02:56:57.542
that's it... ruins.

02:56:57.708 --> 02:57:01.083
-And years of your life.
-Exactly, something of ours.

02:57:01.250 --> 02:57:03.542
I don't know if it's ghosts.

02:57:06.083 --> 02:57:09.083
EPILOGUE

02:57:13.042 --> 02:57:16.000
The crisis creates another model,
in all areas.

02:57:16.167 --> 02:57:18.458
It even creates another union model.

02:57:22.292 --> 02:57:25.917
The implementation of unionism

02:57:26.042 --> 02:57:27.750
in the company was broken,

02:57:29.625 --> 02:57:31.208
which is fundamental,...

02:57:35.333 --> 02:57:39.167
and the practical
and commercial meaning

02:57:39.333 --> 02:57:41.625
of the union, where you'd go

02:57:41.792 --> 02:57:44.167
and they'd listen to you,

02:57:44.333 --> 02:57:45.875
that become essential.

02:57:46.000 --> 02:57:48.417
Insurance was created...

02:57:48.625 --> 02:57:51.667
You can go in there
as if you could in

02:57:52.750 --> 02:57:55.833
any other commercial centre.

02:57:55.999 --> 02:57:58.917
That is, what matters,

02:57:59.042 --> 02:58:00.333
what the worker gets...

02:58:02.083 --> 02:58:03.999
are other things.

02:58:07.458 --> 02:58:09.750
The federations were alive,

02:58:09.917 --> 02:58:13.333
all the people from the committees
were there every day,

02:58:13.542 --> 02:58:16.417
trade union hours were in place,

02:58:16.625 --> 02:58:20.167
because they tried to make sure
that it was so.

02:58:23.917 --> 02:58:28.375
But perhaps it's also a matter
that concerns the whole society.

02:58:28.583 --> 02:58:31.792
That is, insofar as
the large companies disappear,

02:58:31.958 --> 02:58:34.999
the level of affiliation is lower,

02:58:35.125 --> 02:58:36.875
-the type of work has changed.
-Sure, the whole society.

02:58:37.000 --> 02:58:43.625
I mean, this is a reflection
of the social transformation.

02:58:44.708 --> 02:58:47.833
Yes, consider the number
of people today

02:58:47.999 --> 02:58:52.333
who spend their working life
in five or six companies.

02:58:52.542 --> 02:58:56.125
I worked in two companies in my life
and left of my own accord,

02:58:57.375 --> 02:59:01.250
that is, if I hadn't left construction
I'd still be building houses there,

02:59:01.417 --> 02:59:05.417
and if I hadn't left Comisiones
I'd still be in Consultation there.

02:59:06.708 --> 02:59:08.542
But our children

02:59:08.708 --> 02:59:11.958
have suffered,
despite education,

02:59:12.083 --> 02:59:16.125
in all fields,
due to the lack of jobs.

02:59:17.083 --> 02:59:19.875
And they have 40-plus years

02:59:20.000 --> 02:59:22.250
and pitiful pension contributions

02:59:24.583 --> 02:59:30.875
because they'd have periods of
work inactivity, very often.

02:59:31.000 --> 02:59:35.125
It didn't happen in our time
and that created a model

02:59:35.292 --> 02:59:37.250
of union membership and work...

02:59:37.417 --> 02:59:41.167
I experienced something
very, very important,

02:59:41.333 --> 02:59:44.250
the unemployed,
however militant they are,

02:59:44.417 --> 02:59:47.583
have the syndrome of unemployment,
of frustration,

02:59:48.333 --> 02:59:52.250
and they often just hide away.

02:59:52.417 --> 02:59:55.583
"So many unemployed and people
don't come to the demonstrations."

02:59:55.750 --> 02:59:57.333
No, it's only natural,

02:59:57.542 --> 03:00:00.542
I've seen that there's a situation

03:00:03.458 --> 03:00:05.083
of impotence

03:00:05.250 --> 03:00:08.708
that leads to great frustration,

03:00:08.875 --> 03:00:11.667
they're not even able
to respond to that,

03:00:11.833 --> 03:00:15.083
those who've been militant
at another point in their lives.

03:00:16.042 --> 03:00:19.250
They were responsible,
committed men...

03:00:19.417 --> 03:00:22.125
and they lost their jobs
and stayed at home.

03:00:23.708 --> 03:00:26.875
I've been a privileged worker.
I've had all my rights.

03:00:27.000 --> 03:00:29.542
I've been able to complain
without being fired.

03:00:30.125 --> 03:00:33.458
I've had dues paid for me,

03:00:34.583 --> 03:00:36.625
I've gone on holidays,

03:00:36.792 --> 03:00:39.250
I've been paid for overtime.

03:00:40.167 --> 03:00:42.333
Seems crazy, right?

03:00:42.542 --> 03:00:46.625
My salary was enough
to keep me going,

03:00:46.792 --> 03:00:49.083
to go out with my wife,
to have a beer,

03:00:49.250 --> 03:00:51.250
to send my kids to university,

03:00:51.417 --> 03:00:54.083
I was really fucking lucky.

03:00:55.833 --> 03:00:58.458
And the companies didn't go broke.

03:00:58.667 --> 03:01:03.042
Now you have workers
on 800 euros a month,

03:01:03.208 --> 03:01:09.083
job insecurity, not being paid
for the hours, the working poor...

03:01:09.250 --> 03:01:11.042
What is this?

03:01:12.542 --> 03:01:15.208
One foot out on the street,

03:01:15.375 --> 03:01:20.833
with the systematic and constant
violence of employers...

03:01:24.458 --> 03:01:27.042
And what do the unions do now?

03:01:27.208 --> 03:01:30.000
They should be in the street
all fucking day.

03:01:30.167 --> 03:01:32.875
They should turn
this country upside down.

03:01:34.625 --> 03:01:36.875
Even if they have to
pick up a stake for it.

03:01:37.000 --> 03:01:39.458
It's not right, not right...

03:01:39.667 --> 03:01:43.750
Capitalism has never been
self-regulating. Never.

03:01:43.917 --> 03:01:49.999
Capitalism wants more and more
and more, do you understand?

03:01:50.125 --> 03:01:53.458
So you either establish
laws that protect people

03:01:54.250 --> 03:01:58.583
and cut down on abuses
or we come to these situations.

03:01:59.750 --> 03:02:03.583
A pretty city, beautiful sun,
a wonderful beach...

03:02:04.875 --> 03:02:09.125
Those of us in the large sectors
and are my age live wonderfully,

03:02:11.333 --> 03:02:15.833
but my fellow workers
from Cartagena,

03:02:15.999 --> 03:02:20.542
22, 24, 26 years old
with 600, 700 euros,

03:02:20.708 --> 03:02:22.625
have a 12-hour working day.

03:02:23.458 --> 03:02:25.792
They can't be as happy as I am.

03:02:29.333 --> 03:02:34.375
The unions are criticized a lot.

03:02:34.999 --> 03:02:36.999
that's everyone's mantra,
criticizing the unionists

03:02:37.125 --> 03:02:38.542
as being crooks, right?

03:02:38.708 --> 03:02:39.458
It's not true.

03:02:39.667 --> 03:02:40.708
Unionists aren't crooks,

03:02:40.875 --> 03:02:44.042
we do what we can with
what we have to deal with.

03:02:44.208 --> 03:02:46.583
I admire the unionists from the past,

03:02:46.750 --> 03:02:48.125
they're my benchmarks.

03:02:48.292 --> 03:02:52.292
Marcelino Camacho,
fighting the dictatorship: hats off.

03:02:52.458 --> 03:02:55.667
The next ones who fought
industrial reconversion: hats off.

03:02:55.833 --> 03:02:58.000
And who do we fight against?

03:02:58.167 --> 03:03:00.917
Globalization?
The International Monetary Fund?

03:03:01.042 --> 03:03:03.333
The whole system?
Capitalism?

03:03:03.542 --> 03:03:05.875
Here there was a war
and capitalism won.

03:03:06.000 --> 03:03:08.625
There was a cold war here
and capitalism won.

03:03:08.792 --> 03:03:10.583
Let's not forget that.

03:03:10.750 --> 03:03:14.167
The Berlin Wall fell here, which it had to
because Communism was bad,

03:03:14.333 --> 03:03:17.083
but we workers in the West
benefited from that,

03:03:17.250 --> 03:03:19.125
and ever since Berlin Wall fell

03:03:19.292 --> 03:03:23.083
workers get shafted from all sides.

03:03:23.250 --> 03:03:25.583
We celebrate the fall of the Wall
and of Communism,

03:03:25.750 --> 03:03:27.708
but we workers have had it rough.

03:03:27.875 --> 03:03:30.917
The world is on the right
and heading for the ultra-right.

03:03:31.042 --> 03:03:32.917
It's clear.

03:03:33.042 --> 03:03:33.999
The world's on the right

03:03:34.125 --> 03:03:37.250
and unless we on the left balance it

03:03:37.417 --> 03:03:38.833
it will go far-right.

03:03:38.999 --> 03:03:40.292
There you have it.

03:03:41.083 --> 03:03:46.250
And if you don't have unions
and leftist parties regulating that,

03:03:46.417 --> 03:03:47.542
we're in trouble.

03:03:48.708 --> 03:03:51.625
A co-worker once said to me:
"You'll never know the company

03:03:51.792 --> 03:03:53.583
until you're on a company committee.

03:03:54.208 --> 03:03:55.792
You'll never know
the reality of the job,

03:03:55.958 --> 03:03:59.250
until you make the leap
and see what this is like."

03:04:01.000 --> 03:04:02.125
It was true.

03:04:02.292 --> 03:04:04.083
When you negotiate
with an employer,

03:04:04.250 --> 03:04:06.000
when you negotiate
with the head of personnel,

03:04:07.792 --> 03:04:09.458
it changes your perception.

03:04:12.250 --> 03:04:13.708
You realize what you can get

03:04:13.875 --> 03:04:15.583
and what you can't get.

03:04:16.292 --> 03:04:18.625
Before, no, you think
you can get everything.

03:04:18.792 --> 03:04:20.333
But you have to sit down
with the employer,

03:04:20.542 --> 03:04:21.875
sit face to face,

03:04:22.000 --> 03:04:23.375
he has very smart advisors,

03:04:23.583 --> 03:04:27.000
he's well-armed ideologically
and in arguments

03:04:27.167 --> 03:04:28.833
and you go in with what you've got.

03:04:29.542 --> 03:04:32.333
Then, to get what you want,

03:04:32.542 --> 03:04:35.583
you have to try to get
the 200 people behind you

03:04:35.750 --> 03:04:38.333
to support you,
and that doesn't always happen.

03:04:38.542 --> 03:04:39.999
And he knows it.

03:04:40.125 --> 03:04:42.708
The employer knows
you don't have their support.

03:04:43.917 --> 03:04:45.833
I've found that sometimes.

03:04:47.167 --> 03:04:50.375
Still, I remain a unionist.

03:04:50.583 --> 03:04:53.250
It's a necessary task,

03:04:53.417 --> 03:04:55.875
a wall of resistance,
stronger or weaker,

03:04:56.000 --> 03:04:59.000
but it's a wall of resistance.

03:04:59.167 --> 03:05:01.583
Because the future of work,
I don't even want to think about it.

03:05:01.750 --> 03:05:04.625
-What's the future of work?
-I see the future of work...

03:05:05.458 --> 03:05:10.875
I see a clear split
where work is sequestered

03:05:11.000 --> 03:05:14.083
by people between 40
and 60 years of age.

03:05:14.875 --> 03:05:18.333
It's sequestered by this segment
of the population. The good jobs.

03:05:18.542 --> 03:05:20.958
The bad jobs are for people under 40.

03:05:21.083 --> 03:05:23.958
It was, is and will be that way.

03:05:24.083 --> 03:05:28.208
It's another of the things
the system has achieved.

03:05:28.375 --> 03:05:31.083
That young people have no stability.

03:05:31.250 --> 03:05:32.999
Young people have no stability.

03:05:33.125 --> 03:05:34.917
You only get stability at 40,

03:05:35.042 --> 03:05:37.292
and they have to wait
20 years longer.

03:05:37.458 --> 03:05:39.999
I see that every day in all jobs.

03:05:40.125 --> 03:05:43.458
In my union activity I see
that a young person

03:05:43.667 --> 03:05:47.708
has it rough and can only improve
if after 40 years old

03:05:47.875 --> 03:05:50.708
he finds a job that people over 60
have left open

03:05:50.875 --> 03:05:52.208
when they retire.

03:05:52.375 --> 03:05:54.458
Work is compartmentalized by ages.

03:05:56.000 --> 03:06:01.042
That's how it's been done
and I don't know how to resolve it.

03:06:01.208 --> 03:06:04.000
Because in a way,
as you mentioned before,

03:06:04.167 --> 03:06:05.999
you were able to join the union

03:06:06.125 --> 03:06:09.625
because you were unafraid,
you had a guaranteed, permanent job.

03:06:09.792 --> 03:06:11.542
Yes, I dare to do
what others can't...

03:06:11.708 --> 03:06:14.250
Young people don't have
job security, they're afraid...

03:06:14.417 --> 03:06:18.542
How can a young person
be part of union activity

03:06:18.708 --> 03:06:22.083
-if they go from company to company?
-Good question.

03:06:22.250 --> 03:06:25.542
A very good question.
They want to do away with unions,

03:06:25.875 --> 03:06:29.792
and that's the way to do it.

03:06:29.958 --> 03:06:32.167
Young people don't renew the union

03:06:32.333 --> 03:06:33.917
and it dies of old age

03:06:34.333 --> 03:06:35.958
because young people don't join.

03:06:36.083 --> 03:06:39.667
Except when they're 40,
that's what I think will happen.

03:06:39.833 --> 03:06:43.167
When they turn 40,
get that stability

03:06:43.333 --> 03:06:45.333
and see that they're safer
in the union,

03:06:45.542 --> 03:06:47.542
it's in their best interests.

03:06:47.708 --> 03:06:50.542
Is there a fear of reprisals
for joining a union?

03:06:50.708 --> 03:06:52.208
There are reprisals.

03:06:52.375 --> 03:06:54.250
I've held union elections
in small companies

03:06:54.417 --> 03:06:57.167
where the lads that become
candidates are fired.

03:06:57.333 --> 03:06:59.750
-That's interesting.
-Every month.

03:06:59.917 --> 03:07:02.000
All the time, all the time.

03:07:02.167 --> 03:07:03.583
You set up your candidature,

03:07:03.750 --> 03:07:06.708
there are 5 or 10 guys
with balls who go ahead,

03:07:06.875 --> 03:07:08.333
and girls who go ahead...

03:07:08.542 --> 03:07:11.792
The case of the 9 at AON,
a company in Cantabria,

03:07:11.958 --> 03:07:14.625
where 9 comrades set up
a CCOO candidature

03:07:14.792 --> 03:07:17.333
and the next day the 9 were fired.

03:07:17.625 --> 03:07:18.792
What about that?

03:07:18.958 --> 03:07:23.000
It's not an idle threat,
people know that

03:07:23.167 --> 03:07:25.250
if you sign up to be
the CCOO candidate,

03:07:25.417 --> 03:07:27.208
the next day your boss
is on your back.

03:07:29.999 --> 03:07:31.542
That why we're here.

03:07:31.708 --> 03:07:32.458
Because others don't dare,

03:07:32.667 --> 03:07:34.333
but they're not cowards.

03:07:34.542 --> 03:07:36.708
So it's up to me.

03:07:36.875 --> 03:07:38.875
I'll try to do it what they can't,

03:07:39.000 --> 03:07:40.875
that's what's going on.

03:07:41.000 --> 03:07:43.999
The people who unionize
are condemned.

03:07:44.125 --> 03:07:45.792
It happens to lots of people.

03:07:47.208 --> 03:07:48.083
It does.

03:07:50.333 --> 03:07:53.542
It's what our system has achieved.

03:07:55.875 --> 03:07:58.292
Maybe there's some other
experience you want to tell me about,

03:07:58.458 --> 03:08:00.542
because we're reaching the end

03:08:00.708 --> 03:08:02.958
of the issues we're discussing...

03:08:03.083 --> 03:08:04.417
I don't know.

03:08:04.625 --> 03:08:06.458
I like the first part of what I said,

03:08:06.667 --> 03:08:08.375
because this part compromises me,

03:08:08.583 --> 03:08:10.583
I liked the other part more.

03:08:10.750 --> 03:08:13.083
-I don't think...
-We'll see.

03:08:13.250 --> 03:08:14.375
We'll see...

03:08:15.833 --> 03:08:16.958
We'll see...

03:08:17.083 --> 03:08:20.208
But I've said things here
from the heart, not the head.

03:08:20.375 --> 03:08:22.875
If I was smart,
I would've shut up more.

03:08:23.542 --> 03:08:24.750
Ibarra.

03:08:24.917 --> 03:08:26.542
One question, Luis.

03:08:26.708 --> 03:08:29.333
Do you think the 90s union model

03:08:29.542 --> 03:08:31.875
or "union of concentration",
as it was called,

03:08:32.000 --> 03:08:33.917
a legacy of the anti-Franco struggle,

03:08:34.042 --> 03:08:36.417
is repeatable today
in the micro-company?

03:08:36.625 --> 03:08:38.750
Also maybe some self-criticism?

03:08:38.917 --> 03:08:41.999
Don't you think union strategy
has to...?

03:08:42.125 --> 03:08:43.667
It has to change, sure,
but who's going to

03:08:43.833 --> 03:08:45.125
come up with a new one?

03:08:45.292 --> 03:08:46.999
Let's see who comes up with
and directs

03:08:47.125 --> 03:08:51.083
a new union strategy.

03:08:51.958 --> 03:08:54.750
Because I do believe in organization.

03:08:54.917 --> 03:08:57.750
If there's no organization,
conflicts die straight away.

03:08:57.917 --> 03:09:00.458
Without it, conflict dies very fast,

03:09:00.667 --> 03:09:02.583
and that's what some people want,

03:09:02.750 --> 03:09:06.750
no organization
or conflict resolution.

03:09:06.917 --> 03:09:08.458
Or even raised, right?

03:09:08.667 --> 03:09:11.625
Or even raised. That's hard,
a challenge for our union,

03:09:11.792 --> 03:09:12.792
and yours.

03:09:12.958 --> 03:09:16.667
Ours as an old and mature organization

03:09:16.833 --> 03:09:19.000
and yours as younger workers.

03:09:19.167 --> 03:09:20.750
You have a challenge ahead of you.

03:09:21.333 --> 03:09:24.875
I have to tell you
something else too, Raúl.

03:09:25.000 --> 03:09:29.958
The solution isn't a union one now.
The solution is political.

03:09:30.875 --> 03:09:34.208
Ours is a political conflict,

03:09:34.375 --> 03:09:36.750
we know that for sure.

03:09:36.917 --> 03:09:38.375
It's a major political conflict

03:09:38.583 --> 03:09:42.417
over and above the union arena,

03:09:42.625 --> 03:09:44.792
this must be fixed politically
or not at all.

03:09:44.958 --> 03:09:48.250
It's a political problem
that must be fixed politically.

03:09:49.042 --> 03:09:53.167
With political parties that dare
to take to the parliaments

03:09:53.333 --> 03:09:56.667
the social agenda people have.

03:09:57.375 --> 03:09:58.625
It's that simple.

03:09:58.792 --> 03:10:01.208
What happens is that the system

03:10:01.375 --> 03:10:03.458
is shielded from that,

03:10:03.667 --> 03:10:06.042
and now not even politics
fixes these things.

03:10:06.208 --> 03:10:08.417
Politicians have limited power

03:10:08.625 --> 03:10:12.792
and the "powers that be"
as we called them, hinder...

03:10:12.958 --> 03:10:17.999
In Spain the Spanish parliament
doesn't rule.

03:10:18.583 --> 03:10:20.250
It doesn't rule.

03:10:21.167 --> 03:10:22.958
In Spain the markets rule.

03:10:23.417 --> 03:10:25.458
The risk premium rules.

03:10:25.667 --> 03:10:28.792
In Spain entities rule
that no one voted for.

03:10:29.708 --> 03:10:30.875
No one voted for these people

03:10:31.000 --> 03:10:33.792
to change an article of
the Constitution, and they do.

03:10:33.958 --> 03:10:38.583
No one voted for them to
stop cuts, and we get cuts.

03:10:38.750 --> 03:10:40.917
No one voted for them.
How can you castigate...

03:10:41.042 --> 03:10:42.125
the European Union,

03:10:42.292 --> 03:10:44.875
if the EU set the 2012 cuts?

03:10:46.333 --> 03:10:50.042
The cuts we suffered in 2012
weren't set by the Spanish Parliament,

03:10:50.208 --> 03:10:52.208
they're just puppets.

03:10:52.375 --> 03:10:54.958
The Spanish Finance Minister
is called Angela Merkel.

03:10:55.083 --> 03:10:57.458
The Spanish Finance Minister
isn't called Guindos

03:10:57.667 --> 03:11:00.333
or Montoro or the socialist
that's in now.

03:11:00.542 --> 03:11:01.750
She's called Angela Merkel.

03:11:01.917 --> 03:11:03.958
Spain's decisions aren't made in Spain,

03:11:04.708 --> 03:11:06.000
but in arenas far away.

03:11:06.167 --> 03:11:09.208
And in arenas that are
hard to fight against.

03:11:10.292 --> 03:11:13.708
How can you fight the Troika?
Tell it to the Greeks.

03:11:13.875 --> 03:11:16.999
The Greeks have fought,
they had 14 general strikes.

03:11:17.125 --> 03:11:19.542
They had 14 general strikes

03:11:19.708 --> 03:11:22.542
and swallowed a cut of
200 billion euros.

03:11:22.708 --> 03:11:25.958
They swept that country.
With 14 general strikes.

03:11:26.083 --> 03:11:27.667
They were organized.

03:11:27.833 --> 03:11:30.250
I've been to international
unionist meetings

03:11:30.417 --> 03:11:32.208
and we all talked
and the Greeks yelled.

03:11:32.375 --> 03:11:35.458
It was odd.
I've been to unionist meetings,

03:11:35.667 --> 03:11:38.458
because I've been part of...

03:11:38.667 --> 03:11:41.083
international unionist meetings.

03:11:41.250 --> 03:11:43.083
I did a thing in Milan,

03:11:43.250 --> 03:11:45.917
I was in Warsaw and once in Madrid,

03:11:46.042 --> 03:11:49.417
at a unionist meeting and everyone
spoke and the Greeks yelled.

03:11:49.625 --> 03:11:53.000
They yelled everything,
yelled absolutely everything, and what?

03:11:53.167 --> 03:11:54.542
It came to nought.

03:11:54.708 --> 03:11:58.000
The EU subdued the maverick,

03:11:58.167 --> 03:12:00.958
despite their 14 general strikes,
their Syriza in government.

03:12:01.958 --> 03:12:05.250
Tsipras, the president of
the government, ended up...

03:12:05.417 --> 03:12:08.875
kneeling, he had to kneel
and do as he was told.

03:12:10.125 --> 03:12:12.417
That's another lesson for us.

03:12:13.083 --> 03:12:15.542
Now the Italians do as they please

03:12:15.708 --> 03:12:16.875
and no one dares to contradict them.

03:12:17.000 --> 03:12:19.708
The Italians, the fascists in power,

03:12:19.875 --> 03:12:21.625
will win the arm wrestle.

03:12:21.792 --> 03:12:22.917
They'll win it.

03:12:23.042 --> 03:12:26.417
Salvini said he's going to set a budget

03:12:26.625 --> 03:12:28.667
with a deficit of billions,

03:12:28.833 --> 03:12:31.125
and shove the deficit
where the sun doesn't shine.

03:12:31.292 --> 03:12:33.667
He's going to win
the arm wrestle with the EU.

03:12:33.833 --> 03:12:36.083
The EU has no balls with fascism

03:12:36.250 --> 03:12:39.458
but it does with unionism?

03:12:39.667 --> 03:12:45.542
The EU can kick around
those of us still on the left?

03:12:45.708 --> 03:12:47.958
But the EU, as powerful as it is,

03:12:48.083 --> 03:12:49.375
can't confront the new far-right?

03:12:49.583 --> 03:12:50.417
That's scary.

03:12:51.875 --> 03:12:53.958
What's going on there?

03:12:54.333 --> 03:12:57.042
Why don't I read that Italy's
risk premium is skyrocketing?

03:12:57.208 --> 03:12:58.208
I had to read in 2011

03:12:58.375 --> 03:13:00.042
that it was skyrocketing in Spain

03:13:00.208 --> 03:13:03.208
and we all endured the cuts.

03:13:03.375 --> 03:13:04.458
Or didn't you?

03:13:04.667 --> 03:13:06.458
All of you listening here
endured it.

03:13:07.042 --> 03:13:09.958
Everyone endured those cuts.

03:13:10.083 --> 03:13:11.333
Because the EU said so.

03:13:12.000 --> 03:13:14.875
You had the worst jobs
and wages in those years.

03:13:15.000 --> 03:13:17.792
Don't you remember?
All of you.

03:13:17.958 --> 03:13:18.625
Everyone.

03:13:18.792 --> 03:13:22.042
The EU ordered it, the EU.

03:13:22.208 --> 03:13:23.458
The EU ordered the cuts.

03:13:23.667 --> 03:13:25.625
Europe... Europe...

03:13:25.792 --> 03:13:27.792
fucks us over...

03:13:27.958 --> 03:13:31.292
The Italians fight the EU,
which doesn't have the balls

03:13:31.458 --> 03:13:33.167
to say to Salvini: "No,

03:13:33.333 --> 03:13:35.833
we're giving you fines, sanctions,
we'll crush you."

03:13:35.999 --> 03:13:38.542
You crush Greece but not Italy?

03:13:38.708 --> 03:13:40.750
You subdue Greece
with a leftist government,

03:13:40.917 --> 03:13:43.458
but not Italy with
an ultra-right government?

03:13:43.667 --> 03:13:45.542
Will Poland and Hungary defy you?

03:13:46.208 --> 03:13:49.875
We've only just let Poland
and Hungary into the club

03:13:50.000 --> 03:13:52.958
and now they're the local toughs?

03:13:54.000 --> 03:13:56.167
When they reflect on why
the EU is in crisis,

03:13:56.333 --> 03:13:57.375
they should reflect on that too.

03:14:02.750 --> 03:14:06.250
La Loma was a zone in Quitapellejos,

03:14:06.875 --> 03:14:11.625
hills that we've always been on,
our whole lives.

03:14:11.792 --> 03:14:15.292
I did my First Communion there,
my brother and sister did,

03:14:15.458 --> 03:14:17.208
it was a family spot

03:14:17.375 --> 03:14:20.792
and I wanted it to still be there.

03:14:20.958 --> 03:14:23.999
In the evenings,
when I'd finish work,

03:14:24.125 --> 03:14:27.250
I'd go there with my aunts and uncles,

03:14:27.417 --> 03:14:30.542
my uncle Manolo, my uncle Pepe,
my aunt Rosita,

03:14:30.708 --> 03:14:34.999
my aunt Paca, on all those sofas
we had, a ton of them,

03:14:35.125 --> 03:14:37.083
because my uncle was in removals,

03:14:37.250 --> 03:14:41.999
so it was a great atmosphere,

03:14:42.125 --> 03:14:45.167
I always loved it,
the horses we had,

03:14:45.333 --> 03:14:46.000
always as a family,

03:14:46.167 --> 03:14:48.833
we'd go every evening
to cool off in summer,

03:14:48.999 --> 03:14:53.708
there were eucalypts there,
you'd look at Cartagena

03:14:53.875 --> 03:14:56.833
and the whole port, Bazán,

03:14:57.667 --> 03:15:00.792
Ducks' Castle and the whole shit.

03:15:01.542 --> 03:15:06.208
If only, if only I could live
that time over again,

03:15:06.375 --> 03:15:09.750
because it was the happiest
of my life.

03:15:09.917 --> 03:15:12.750
Right now, that would be my dream.

03:15:15.042 --> 03:15:21.625
And something that you dream of,
but at night,

03:15:21.792 --> 03:15:24.000
tell me something, for example...

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Something recurring?

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Not being able to punch.

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You can't punch...?

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Yes, maybe we're in a fight
with some Nazis or something,

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and I'm in a jam, I punch away
and it's like this.

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That's what I dream lately.

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So you get up and it's like
"Fucking hell!"

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I do have the strength to punch.

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but in these dreams
I hit like really soft.

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I have that dream a lot lately.

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So you say: "Hey, man,

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I can hit hard...
Why am I hitting like this?"

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And that's loads of time.
Again and again, again and again...

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and then when I'm with the Nazis,
I beat the shit out of them.

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Maybe when I get back

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my fists are all busted up, like:

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"Man, I can punch hard,

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so why in my dreams do I hit...?",

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like this, you can't move,

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like you're hitting like a...

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That's happened to me
loads of times, like:

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"Fuck, why this dream?"

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I don't get it, maybe it's
the fear of being beaten up,

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which I have been before...
Why am I afraid of that?

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It's like a rain of punches.

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I've dreamt that loads of times.

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I'm trying to punch,
but I can't.

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I'm like this...

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and I can't do it.

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That's recurred loads of times
and I really don't know why.

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I don't see any fucking explanation.

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But anyway,

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in a fight with Nazis,
they won't forget me.

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Translatión: Lindsay Moxham

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Subtitles: LASERFILM