00:00:02.836 --> 00:00:05.572
[Malia speaking Hawaiian]

00:00:09.343 --> 00:00:11.311
[Malia]
The land is our chief,

00:00:12.012 --> 00:00:13.680
and we are its servants.

00:00:14.781 --> 00:00:16.783
So if we take
care of this land,

00:00:16.783 --> 00:00:17.951
what will it do
for us?

00:00:17.951 --> 00:00:19.052
[girl] It'll take care of us.

00:00:19.052 --> 00:00:20.020
[Malia speaking Hawaiian]

00:00:20.020 --> 00:00:21.288
It'll take care of us.

00:00:23.857 --> 00:00:25.259
We'll see.

00:00:26.827 --> 00:00:28.428
[man speaks indistinctly
over radio]

00:00:29.863 --> 00:00:31.498
This is Waimea valley
right here.

00:00:33.000 --> 00:00:36.470
And right on the other
side of this river,

00:00:37.437 --> 00:00:39.039
is, uh, Pioneer.

00:00:39.039 --> 00:00:46.446
And they have grown
their fields right against
a big community.

00:00:46.446 --> 00:00:49.850
Right now in this valley
there's a street

00:00:49.850 --> 00:00:54.621
where almost every resident
has been diagnosed with cancer.

00:00:59.259 --> 00:01:03.463
These companies are
already occupying

00:01:04.431 --> 00:01:09.036
most of our main
agricultural land.

00:01:09.036 --> 00:01:11.505
They don't feed
our community,

00:01:11.505 --> 00:01:14.408
it's not food
for consumption.

00:01:14.408 --> 00:01:17.778
It's basically
an open air lab.

00:01:22.349 --> 00:01:23.717
♪

00:01:27.321 --> 00:01:31.091
[Hawaiian song playing]

00:01:31.091 --> 00:01:33.026
[Peter] I do a lot of work
on islands.

00:01:33.026 --> 00:01:36.163
And the striking things
about island societies

00:01:36.163 --> 00:01:37.998
is basically were worlds

00:01:37.998 --> 00:01:39.967
in the era
before globalization.

00:01:39.967 --> 00:01:42.669
And they could see what they
were doing to their world.

00:01:45.305 --> 00:01:48.175
You could see the...
what was left of your world

00:01:48.175 --> 00:01:49.710
with all there was.

00:01:49.710 --> 00:01:51.878
There wasn't an
over the horizon
that was untouched.

00:01:51.878 --> 00:01:53.213
There wasn't a frontier.

00:01:53.213 --> 00:01:54.481
This was it.

00:01:58.785 --> 00:02:00.787
[Hawaiian song continues]

00:02:06.393 --> 00:02:08.295
♪

00:02:13.700 --> 00:02:17.638
Hawaiian society invented
entirely new ways

00:02:17.638 --> 00:02:18.805
of producing food.

00:02:18.805 --> 00:02:21.875
And they were
extraordinary agronomists.

00:02:25.112 --> 00:02:27.481
We know that
the population of Hawaii,

00:02:27.481 --> 00:02:30.917
before Europeans arrived,

00:02:30.917 --> 00:02:33.754
was higher than it is now.

00:02:33.754 --> 00:02:36.657
And it was fed
a hundred percent
from local resources.

00:02:40.827 --> 00:02:43.130
Europeans arrived,

00:02:43.130 --> 00:02:44.598
brought diseases,

00:02:44.598 --> 00:02:47.167
brought all the disruptions
of colonization,

00:02:47.167 --> 00:02:50.804
90 percent about
of Hawaiian's diet.

00:02:50.804 --> 00:02:54.074
People came in and grew
sugar and pineapple

00:02:54.074 --> 00:02:56.576
in plantations and
cattle and ranches

00:02:56.576 --> 00:03:01.381
on a global scale rather than
for local production.

00:03:01.381 --> 00:03:04.484
And the productive parts
of the land,

00:03:04.484 --> 00:03:06.920
the systems that required
a lot of labor

00:03:06.920 --> 00:03:08.655
to sustain themselves
collapsed.

00:03:11.224 --> 00:03:12.359
That's a travesty

00:03:12.359 --> 00:03:14.861
and an extraordinary
vulnerability.

00:03:18.999 --> 00:03:20.834
[Cliff] I got
my undergraduate and
masters degree

00:03:20.834 --> 00:03:22.969
at the University of Hawaii
at Manoa.

00:03:22.969 --> 00:03:26.706
And I got a degree
in biotechnology
and bioengineering.

00:03:26.706 --> 00:03:30.477
And I'm currently now at
the University of California,
San Diego,

00:03:30.477 --> 00:03:32.813
in the chemistry department,

00:03:32.813 --> 00:03:35.515
looking to get a PhD.

00:03:36.750 --> 00:03:39.119
So, what we do inside
of this lab

00:03:39.119 --> 00:03:40.720
is we basically look
for chemicals.

00:03:40.720 --> 00:03:43.890
And we use a series of
different analytical
chemistry techniques

00:03:43.890 --> 00:03:48.528
to find out what type of
molecules are responsible
for certain behavior.

00:03:48.528 --> 00:03:51.131
For example,
say there's a crop

00:03:51.131 --> 00:03:52.632
that is getting diseased,

00:03:52.632 --> 00:03:54.301
or there's a massive
die off,

00:03:54.301 --> 00:03:58.071
then we look to see,
are there any introduction
of fungus or bacteria,

00:03:58.071 --> 00:04:00.006
that may be destroying
this crop.

00:04:00.006 --> 00:04:02.209
This is on the frontier

00:04:02.209 --> 00:04:04.711
of these types
of expressions.

00:04:04.711 --> 00:04:07.814
And if I can learn that and
go back home to Hawaii,

00:04:07.814 --> 00:04:11.084
and be kind of
like, uh, an advocate

00:04:11.084 --> 00:04:12.552
for the technology
at home,

00:04:12.552 --> 00:04:15.555
I think it's gonna
really benefit Hawaii.

00:04:18.959 --> 00:04:22.095
There's not
a lot of Hawaiians
doing this right now.

00:04:22.095 --> 00:04:25.232
It's almost like the only
people in the world right now

00:04:25.232 --> 00:04:27.067
doing this type of technology

00:04:27.067 --> 00:04:29.436
are foreigners to Hawaii.

00:04:30.904 --> 00:04:32.305
There are some exceptions,

00:04:33.006 --> 00:04:34.875
like Dennis Gonsalves.

00:04:39.980 --> 00:04:41.882
♪

00:04:46.386 --> 00:04:48.488
This is the world's best
papaya I've had.

00:04:51.057 --> 00:04:52.359
GMO papaya.

00:04:52.359 --> 00:04:53.827
Rainbow papaya.

00:04:54.394 --> 00:04:56.062
Nothing better than this.

00:05:06.006 --> 00:05:09.609
Papaya ringspot virus
is a plant virus.

00:05:09.609 --> 00:05:11.478
Very widely spread
in the world,

00:05:11.478 --> 00:05:14.781
most important virus
disease of papaya
worldwide.

00:05:15.515 --> 00:05:18.051
It was in Hawaii, 1945.

00:05:19.753 --> 00:05:23.089
It virtually eliminated
the papaya industry

00:05:23.089 --> 00:05:24.958
on the island of Oahu.

00:05:28.528 --> 00:05:30.297
I started working on papaya,

00:05:30.297 --> 00:05:33.633
trying to develop
a genetically
engineered papaya

00:05:33.633 --> 00:05:35.368
that would be resistant.

00:05:35.936 --> 00:05:37.470
May 1st, 1998,

00:05:37.470 --> 00:05:41.374
the seeds of the Rainbow
and SunUp papaya
were released

00:05:41.841 --> 00:05:42.843
to the growers,

00:05:42.843 --> 00:05:46.479
and that started
the reclamation

00:05:46.479 --> 00:05:48.014
of the papaya industry.

00:05:53.587 --> 00:05:55.956
Genetically engineered
papaya makes up about

00:05:55.956 --> 00:05:59.326
85% of the papaya
growth in Hawaii.

00:05:59.326 --> 00:06:04.531
So I really think
the transgenic papaya
saved the papaya industry.

00:06:08.068 --> 00:06:09.436
♪

00:06:12.339 --> 00:06:15.942
[Cliff] Dennis' story
inspired me to use
GMO technology

00:06:15.942 --> 00:06:18.812
to provide local
and affordable food
for my community.

00:06:21.982 --> 00:06:24.251
I enrolled in
a biotechnology program

00:06:24.251 --> 00:06:25.819
at the University of Hawaii.

00:06:33.126 --> 00:06:34.494
[speaking indistinctly]

00:06:34.494 --> 00:06:35.762
[child laughing]

00:06:42.669 --> 00:06:44.271
Things began to
get complicated

00:06:44.271 --> 00:06:47.807
as many of my family
and friends began
to lash out at biotech.

00:06:47.807 --> 00:06:50.410
[man] ...and our land
and family,
that's our resources,

00:06:50.410 --> 00:06:51.811
and each other,

00:06:51.811 --> 00:06:54.047
then nothing is impossible.

00:06:54.047 --> 00:06:55.715
[crowd cheering]

00:06:56.983 --> 00:06:58.918
[Cliff] It was difficult.

00:06:58.918 --> 00:07:02.555
At the time, I didn't really
know how to communicate
what I was learning in lab

00:07:02.555 --> 00:07:04.958
to the people I believed
I was helping.

00:07:08.828 --> 00:07:11.164
[Ashley] I didn't wanna get
involved in
the GMO movement.

00:07:11.164 --> 00:07:13.867
I felt like there's so much
we can agree on,

00:07:13.867 --> 00:07:16.703
why are we focusing on
what we disagree on?

00:07:18.438 --> 00:07:20.106
If we focus on papaya,

00:07:20.106 --> 00:07:22.776
we're not focusing on what's
actually happening,

00:07:22.776 --> 00:07:25.578
and that's
the outdoor field testing

00:07:25.578 --> 00:07:28.448
of plants that have been
genetically engineered

00:07:28.448 --> 00:07:31.284
to withstand the application

00:07:31.284 --> 00:07:34.487
of older and more toxic
pesticides.

00:07:34.487 --> 00:07:37.090
That's the anti-GMO
movement in Hawaii.

00:07:42.996 --> 00:07:44.064
[rooster crows]

00:07:45.398 --> 00:07:48.535
[woman] When I moved into
this homestead

00:07:48.535 --> 00:07:49.903
eight years ago,

00:07:49.903 --> 00:07:52.505
I had no idea what
I was in for.

00:07:52.505 --> 00:07:55.975
The field that was
in front of my house
that was fallow

00:07:55.975 --> 00:07:59.279
for the first two years
that we moved in,

00:07:59.279 --> 00:08:01.548
a new crop started
popping up,

00:08:01.548 --> 00:08:03.550
and it was corn.

00:08:03.550 --> 00:08:06.619
Then I started to notice
big tractors,

00:08:06.619 --> 00:08:08.888
and them spraying.

00:08:12.992 --> 00:08:14.494
♪

00:08:17.964 --> 00:08:21.334
I was given a pretty
rare opportunity

00:08:21.334 --> 00:08:24.104
to have my girl's hair

00:08:24.104 --> 00:08:27.540
tested at one
of the best facilities
in the world.

00:08:29.209 --> 00:08:30.377
Um...

00:08:30.377 --> 00:08:32.679
When I got those
test results, I just...

00:08:34.948 --> 00:08:36.216
I just cried.

00:08:38.685 --> 00:08:42.756
They had tested for
36 different pesticides.

00:08:44.357 --> 00:08:48.294
Of those 36, eight of them
are restricted use pesticides.

00:08:50.397 --> 00:08:51.898
They tested kids

00:08:51.898 --> 00:08:56.236
that came from communities
that are known

00:08:56.236 --> 00:09:00.540
to be surrounded by
industrial pesticide use.

00:09:01.708 --> 00:09:04.811
And what baffled me
is that

00:09:05.678 --> 00:09:09.716
my children were
on the low end

00:09:09.716 --> 00:09:11.985
of pesticide exposure.

00:09:11.985 --> 00:09:14.988
We had kids
on that list

00:09:14.988 --> 00:09:19.692
that had 60 plus different
pesticides in their system.

00:09:28.435 --> 00:09:29.903
♪

00:09:37.777 --> 00:09:42.182
Kauai is a place
where there's more

00:09:42.182 --> 00:09:43.883
GMO experimentation

00:09:43.883 --> 00:09:46.886
and higher use of
restricted pesticides

00:09:46.886 --> 00:09:48.655
per acre than anywhere
in the nation.

00:09:50.890 --> 00:09:52.992
They're growing
experimental crops

00:09:52.992 --> 00:09:55.929
that are designed to
resist pesticides.

00:09:57.931 --> 00:10:01.000
They're using restricted
used pesticides, RUPs,

00:10:01.000 --> 00:10:03.136
which are regulated by
the federal government.

00:10:03.136 --> 00:10:06.739
They're highly toxic.
They're banned in
other countries.

00:10:06.739 --> 00:10:10.543
They experiment with them
by dousing them
with these chemicals

00:10:10.543 --> 00:10:11.945
to see if they'll survive.

00:10:12.912 --> 00:10:14.747
Kauai have three
growing seasons.

00:10:14.747 --> 00:10:17.217
So right off the bat,
they're using three times

00:10:17.217 --> 00:10:19.285
the amount of pesticides
they might use in Iowa

00:10:19.285 --> 00:10:20.887
or some place like that.

00:10:22.255 --> 00:10:25.525
The stuff they're growing
here on 11,000 acres fields,

00:10:25.525 --> 00:10:27.894
no one eats it at all.

00:10:29.829 --> 00:10:33.233
I remember
actually smelling

00:10:33.233 --> 00:10:36.269
something unusual when
I first got to campus.

00:10:42.609 --> 00:10:44.043
Kids started complaining.

00:10:44.043 --> 00:10:47.080
I remember, one student
asked to
go to the health room,

00:10:47.080 --> 00:10:50.083
and she threw up
on the way.

00:10:50.083 --> 00:10:52.552
I guess when she got there,
there was already

00:10:52.552 --> 00:10:54.287
lots of kids there.

00:10:54.287 --> 00:10:55.922
[sirens wailing]

00:10:58.458 --> 00:11:03.196
So approximately 10 or 12
students and adults
went to the hospital.

00:11:06.232 --> 00:11:09.135
That kind of acute
incident happened

00:11:09.135 --> 00:11:10.703
two more times.

00:11:12.038 --> 00:11:13.540
We didn't really realize it,

00:11:13.540 --> 00:11:16.142
until we saw
the spray tractors

00:11:16.142 --> 00:11:19.245
motoring up and down
the fields.

00:11:19.245 --> 00:11:22.248
And so we started inquiring,
calling the seed company.

00:11:22.248 --> 00:11:24.984
Inquiring as to
what they're spraying,

00:11:24.984 --> 00:11:28.454
asking them to stop during
this time that we're on campus.

00:11:33.927 --> 00:11:36.162
♪

00:11:41.734 --> 00:11:43.369
What we got was,

00:11:43.369 --> 00:11:45.405
"There's no evidence
that people are sick
from the spray.

00:11:45.405 --> 00:11:48.241
There's no proof that
that's what causing it."

00:11:48.241 --> 00:11:52.412
Suggesting that the concern is
more or less hysteria.

00:11:53.680 --> 00:11:55.248
I feel that's disingenuous.

00:11:59.819 --> 00:12:01.821
I can't tell a company

00:12:01.821 --> 00:12:03.990
who exists next door to me

00:12:03.990 --> 00:12:06.559
to stop spraying
the pesticides

00:12:06.559 --> 00:12:08.661
that are integral
to their operations.

00:12:08.661 --> 00:12:10.730
Only the state can do that.

00:12:10.730 --> 00:12:13.366
And these companies
won't even work

00:12:13.366 --> 00:12:14.467
with elected officials

00:12:14.467 --> 00:12:17.637
to provide them
the information
that they need

00:12:17.637 --> 00:12:18.972
to make these decisions.

00:12:18.972 --> 00:12:21.674
I think people are mad
because they're being told

00:12:21.674 --> 00:12:23.309
that they don't have
the right to know

00:12:23.309 --> 00:12:25.211
what's going on
in their backyard.

00:12:30.550 --> 00:12:31.985
♪

00:12:36.389 --> 00:12:39.225
[Cliff] It's frustrating
to see what's happening
on Kauai.

00:12:39.225 --> 00:12:42.829
Like Dennis' papayas,
the GMOs I wanted to
be involved with

00:12:42.829 --> 00:12:45.064
had nothing to do with
spraying more pesticides.

00:12:48.968 --> 00:12:52.438
In school, we were taught
these companies
were feeding the world,

00:12:52.438 --> 00:12:54.073
not poisoning communities.

00:12:56.943 --> 00:12:58.411
I needed to learn more
about pesticides

00:12:58.411 --> 00:13:00.513
and what they had to
do with our food.

00:13:03.416 --> 00:13:05.051
[kettle whistling]

00:13:06.286 --> 00:13:07.587
[Nathanael]
You know, we've gotten

00:13:07.587 --> 00:13:09.288
farther and farther away
from our food system,

00:13:09.288 --> 00:13:11.991
and more and more alienated
from our food system.

00:13:11.991 --> 00:13:14.227
At some point,
people turned around

00:13:14.227 --> 00:13:17.030
and said, "Wait a second.
This is kind of terrifying.

00:13:17.030 --> 00:13:19.332
What are we eating?
We don't even know
what this is."

00:13:22.001 --> 00:13:23.469
So to understand
where we are today,

00:13:23.469 --> 00:13:26.272
you have to go back to
just after World War II,

00:13:26.272 --> 00:13:29.208
when we had this
booming world population,

00:13:29.208 --> 00:13:31.911
and people were
really terrified

00:13:31.911 --> 00:13:35.214
that we were
all gonna starve.

00:13:35.214 --> 00:13:37.984
So, on to the scene
comes this plant reader

00:13:37.984 --> 00:13:39.385
named Norman Borlaug,

00:13:39.385 --> 00:13:42.455
funded by
the Rockefeller Foundation,

00:13:42.455 --> 00:13:44.123
a philanthropic organization

00:13:44.123 --> 00:13:47.093
that comes from standard
oil money originally.

00:13:47.760 --> 00:13:49.996
They invested a lot of money

00:13:49.996 --> 00:13:53.366
to have him try and figure out
a one stop shop solution

00:13:53.366 --> 00:13:54.734
to feeding the world.

00:13:54.734 --> 00:13:56.469
And he kind of did it.

00:13:56.469 --> 00:13:59.505
[Claire]
He worked on developing
some hybrid varieties

00:13:59.505 --> 00:14:01.307
notably of wheat, for example,

00:14:01.307 --> 00:14:03.943
that would just be
a lot more productive.

00:14:03.943 --> 00:14:06.012
The varieties were
created in such a way

00:14:06.012 --> 00:14:07.847
that they didn't have
necessarily a lot of

00:14:07.847 --> 00:14:09.382
pest or disease resistance.

00:14:09.382 --> 00:14:11.818
They really needed
a ready supply of nutrients.

00:14:11.818 --> 00:14:13.386
So they worked really well

00:14:13.386 --> 00:14:16.089
with chemicalization
of agriculture.

00:14:16.089 --> 00:14:18.124
You know,
using synthetic fertilizers,

00:14:18.124 --> 00:14:20.359
and using pesticides.

00:14:20.359 --> 00:14:23.262
[Nathanael]
Farming transformed
in a few decades.

00:14:23.262 --> 00:14:25.965
And it went from being
a local affair,

00:14:25.965 --> 00:14:28.201
where one farmer was feeding
just a few people,

00:14:28.201 --> 00:14:31.471
to one farmer feeding
lots and lots of people.

00:14:34.073 --> 00:14:36.142
This, in some way,
was a very good thing.

00:14:36.142 --> 00:14:39.979
It allowed economies
to develop,

00:14:39.979 --> 00:14:43.082
it allowed people to become
much more wealthy.

00:14:46.152 --> 00:14:48.855
There's lots of ways in
which the Green Revolution

00:14:48.855 --> 00:14:50.022
helped things.

00:14:50.022 --> 00:14:53.259
But it also created
new problems, too.

00:14:53.259 --> 00:14:55.828
When farms were small
and diversified,

00:14:55.828 --> 00:14:57.396
they were also
self contained.

00:14:57.396 --> 00:15:01.067
You had animals eating
grass off the field,

00:15:01.067 --> 00:15:04.370
and pooping out nutrients
that went back into the field.

00:15:04.370 --> 00:15:07.406
And everything worked
in a cycle.

00:15:08.841 --> 00:15:10.143
And all of a sudden,

00:15:10.143 --> 00:15:12.745
we learned how to produce
nitrogen fertilizer,

00:15:12.745 --> 00:15:14.380
and all of that
just goes away.

00:15:18.284 --> 00:15:20.186
Fewer farmers working
on the land

00:15:20.186 --> 00:15:22.588
meant that the farms
got much bigger.

00:15:22.588 --> 00:15:26.392
Instead of having a small
plot of corn here,

00:15:26.392 --> 00:15:28.528
next to a small
plot of beans,

00:15:28.528 --> 00:15:31.430
you had 10,000 acres perhaps
of corn,

00:15:31.430 --> 00:15:33.199
or 10,000 acres of
sugar beets.

00:15:34.667 --> 00:15:38.437
And this doesn't happen
in the natural world.

00:15:38.437 --> 00:15:42.141
If you look around, you see
this complex tapestry

00:15:42.141 --> 00:15:45.645
of different species living
together and competing.

00:15:48.181 --> 00:15:50.249
And when you have
all of one kind

00:15:50.249 --> 00:15:52.718
that stretches for acres
and acres and acres,

00:15:52.718 --> 00:15:55.955
this is an all you can eat
buffet for the pest.

00:15:55.955 --> 00:15:57.557
[locusts buzzing]

00:16:00.459 --> 00:16:03.229
We took care
of these problems
by ploughing,

00:16:03.229 --> 00:16:04.931
by spraying pesticides

00:16:04.931 --> 00:16:07.667
to control the weeds,
to control the insects.

00:16:10.102 --> 00:16:11.871
[man] GMOs are
the latest development

00:16:11.871 --> 00:16:13.840
in industrial agriculture.

00:16:13.840 --> 00:16:16.709
A system that has produced
the majority of our food

00:16:16.709 --> 00:16:19.378
since the Green Revolution.

00:16:19.378 --> 00:16:22.515
GMOs originally came on
the industrial
agricultural scene

00:16:22.515 --> 00:16:24.951
to reduce the amount
of pesticides needed

00:16:24.951 --> 00:16:29.088
by creating traits that will
make plants stronger in
fighting pests and disease.

00:16:31.023 --> 00:16:32.992
But somewhere
along the way,

00:16:32.992 --> 00:16:34.393
it seems something
has changed.

00:16:37.463 --> 00:16:40.700
Tyrone Hayes is
a professor of
integrated biology

00:16:40.700 --> 00:16:43.369
at UC Berkeley,
from Harvard.

00:16:43.369 --> 00:16:46.772
He went to Berkley as
a graduate student.

00:16:46.772 --> 00:16:51.477
At that time he earned a very
prestigious post doctorate
fellowship

00:16:51.477 --> 00:16:53.546
from the National
Science Foundation.

00:16:53.546 --> 00:16:57.550
And then, amazingly was hired
directly onto the faculty

00:16:57.550 --> 00:17:00.953
at Berkley in 1994.

00:17:00.953 --> 00:17:03.956
[Tyrone]
Hawaii, people have referred
to it as "ground zero".

00:17:03.956 --> 00:17:06.759
The big chemical companies,
the big
agro business companies

00:17:06.759 --> 00:17:08.394
are exploiting the environment.

00:17:08.394 --> 00:17:10.663
I've been asked to come here
to bring information

00:17:10.663 --> 00:17:13.799
to help with that battle,
to stop destroying a paradise.

00:17:13.799 --> 00:17:17.336
We also wanted to ask,
how important are pesticides
to a population

00:17:17.336 --> 00:17:21.540
when there are so many
other stressers
in the environment.

00:17:21.540 --> 00:17:26.345
Originally I was asked to work
to work on Atrazine
by the manufacturer.

00:17:26.345 --> 00:17:28.281
It's an herbicide,
or a weed killer

00:17:28.281 --> 00:17:29.815
that's primarily used on corn.

00:17:29.815 --> 00:17:31.517
It's been used since 1958.

00:17:31.517 --> 00:17:34.120
That means 80 million
pounds of sugar.

00:17:34.120 --> 00:17:35.454
That's a big number.

00:17:35.454 --> 00:17:38.157
And it has a number
of effects on amphibians.

00:17:38.157 --> 00:17:40.526
The most notable is
it causes males

00:17:40.526 --> 00:17:43.229
to be demasculinized,
or chemically castrated,

00:17:43.229 --> 00:17:45.197
and it can also
feminize those males

00:17:45.197 --> 00:17:47.366
so that they become
functioning female.

00:17:50.903 --> 00:17:52.672
You can eat Atrazine.

00:17:52.672 --> 00:17:54.941
You can eat Atrazine
for a month and not
see anything.

00:17:54.941 --> 00:17:56.576
Not see a problem.

00:17:56.576 --> 00:17:59.345
But if you're exposed to
low levels of Atrazine
throughout your life,

00:17:59.345 --> 00:18:01.881
I think the evidence says
that you're gonna
generate a problem,

00:18:01.881 --> 00:18:03.516
if you're exposed
developmentally.

00:18:03.516 --> 00:18:06.352
I think the evidence says
you're gonna have a problem.

00:18:07.987 --> 00:18:10.589
I speak as
a private citizen.

00:18:10.589 --> 00:18:11.824
I'm a physician.

00:18:11.824 --> 00:18:15.695
I've retired from Walter Reed
Institute of Research.

00:18:15.695 --> 00:18:18.564
Been a consultant for
the World Health Organization

00:18:18.564 --> 00:18:21.300
since 1985.

00:18:21.300 --> 00:18:25.304
I have a degree in chemistry
with honors from
Princeton University.

00:18:25.304 --> 00:18:27.406
Then I went
to medical school.

00:18:27.406 --> 00:18:30.843
So I always run back to
a drug and vaccine analogy.

00:18:31.744 --> 00:18:35.047
A pesticide is something
that kills any pest.

00:18:35.047 --> 00:18:36.582
A pest might be a plant,

00:18:36.582 --> 00:18:38.684
a fungus, a bacteria,
an insect.

00:18:40.186 --> 00:18:42.521
If you give a chemical
to kill something,

00:18:42.521 --> 00:18:45.024
and all of a sudden
you give a low dose,

00:18:45.024 --> 00:18:46.926
because the wind blew
half of it away,

00:18:46.926 --> 00:18:48.194
or it rained and diluted it,

00:18:48.194 --> 00:18:50.496
you have
a sub-lethal dose.

00:18:50.496 --> 00:18:53.899
The ones that survive have
a terrific resistance

00:18:53.899 --> 00:18:56.769
to not only what you apply,
but everything else.

00:18:56.769 --> 00:18:59.705
And you're caught in this
cycle of more, and more,
and more, and more.

00:19:11.717 --> 00:19:13.285
[Tyrone] You know,
we've designed chemicals

00:19:13.285 --> 00:19:15.521
with the intent
of killing things.

00:19:17.757 --> 00:19:21.427
Our heart, our blood,
our genes are very similar

00:19:21.427 --> 00:19:25.197
to the birds, the fish,
the hormones that fish use.

00:19:26.599 --> 00:19:28.667
And their reproduction
are exactly,

00:19:28.667 --> 00:19:31.070
chemically exactly
the hormones that we use.

00:19:31.070 --> 00:19:32.738
Testosterone, testosterone.

00:19:32.738 --> 00:19:35.107
It doesn't matter if you're
a fish, a dog, a cat,
or a human.

00:19:36.442 --> 00:19:38.778
So when you
generate a chemical to
kill one organism,

00:19:38.778 --> 00:19:41.681
to target some
biological aspect
of one organism,

00:19:41.681 --> 00:19:43.749
of course it's gonna
affect other organisms.

00:19:43.749 --> 00:19:46.452
Because we all have this
evolutionary history
that we share.

00:19:49.055 --> 00:19:52.091
There's no difference
between environmental health
and public health.

00:19:52.091 --> 00:19:55.661
Public health is if
humans are somehow not
a part of the environment.

00:19:59.198 --> 00:20:02.601
If we're putting a chemical
in the water that causes fish
to develop abnormally,

00:20:02.601 --> 00:20:05.171
who do we think we can
drink that water and be fine?

00:20:05.171 --> 00:20:09.108
If we're putting chemicals
in the air that cause
bees and insects

00:20:09.108 --> 00:20:11.210
to collapse and to
undergo poor health,

00:20:11.210 --> 00:20:13.379
who do we think we can
breathe in that air

00:20:13.379 --> 00:20:14.580
and be okay?

00:20:19.618 --> 00:20:21.087
When the company
came to me and said,

00:20:21.087 --> 00:20:22.354
"We wanna know
what Atrazine does."

00:20:22.354 --> 00:20:23.556
I took it just as that.

00:20:23.556 --> 00:20:24.824
Let's figure out
what it does.

00:20:24.824 --> 00:20:26.959
I thought they really
wanted to know the answer.

00:20:26.959 --> 00:20:29.829
And it turns out,
they wanted
a particular answer,

00:20:29.829 --> 00:20:31.564
not the answer.

00:20:31.564 --> 00:20:34.233
I used to think that
if they found out it
did something bad,

00:20:34.233 --> 00:20:36.902
they wouldn't wanna
hurt the people. They'd wanna
get this off the market.

00:20:36.902 --> 00:20:39.505
And now I know that
not everybody feels that way.

00:20:39.505 --> 00:20:41.407
That their idea was
to cover it up

00:20:41.407 --> 00:20:42.808
and to protect themselves
for liability.

00:20:42.808 --> 00:20:45.744
To figure out a way
to get around it and
a way to get out of it.

00:20:45.744 --> 00:20:48.380
And I think what they
were really trying to do
now, in retrospect,

00:20:48.380 --> 00:20:51.650
was to hire me and get me
financially dependent on them,

00:20:51.650 --> 00:20:53.352
they way they have
a number of other scientists,

00:20:53.352 --> 00:20:54.954
so that now they
control the data.

00:20:57.590 --> 00:20:59.425
[Lorrin] When we went
after tobacco,

00:20:59.425 --> 00:21:01.660
and it's 1950s,

00:21:01.660 --> 00:21:04.997
and health people spoke
against tobacco,
lung cancer.

00:21:05.731 --> 00:21:07.099
You got big money,

00:21:07.099 --> 00:21:09.268
you got big corporations.

00:21:09.268 --> 00:21:11.470
You can expect them to
act like tobacco.

00:21:11.470 --> 00:21:13.472
Behind the scenes,
closed meetings,

00:21:13.472 --> 00:21:15.174
funding their own research.

00:21:15.174 --> 00:21:18.010
Criticizing, attacking
scientists who're

00:21:18.010 --> 00:21:21.046
trying to present
the other side.

00:21:21.046 --> 00:21:23.782
Double standards,
the whole bit.

00:21:23.782 --> 00:21:26.685
The regulator should be
sharp enough to catch this.

00:21:26.685 --> 00:21:29.889
But you get a lot of guys
in the regulatory agencies

00:21:29.889 --> 00:21:31.323
who were ex-company,

00:21:31.323 --> 00:21:34.160
and they may
work for the company
when they're finished.

00:21:34.160 --> 00:21:35.861
So there's this
conflict of interest

00:21:35.861 --> 00:21:37.897
between the regulator
and the company.

00:21:41.967 --> 00:21:44.069
[Tyrone] The FDA doesn't
approve pesticides.

00:21:44.069 --> 00:21:46.705
And most of the pesticides
that are in use right now

00:21:46.705 --> 00:21:49.942
went on the market
and developed
before the EPA existed.

00:21:51.110 --> 00:21:52.478
And once things
are on the market,

00:21:52.478 --> 00:21:53.979
and farmers are
dependent on them,

00:21:53.979 --> 00:21:56.148
and, you know,
they're paying for
their lobbyists,

00:21:56.148 --> 00:21:57.583
and the politics get involved,

00:21:57.583 --> 00:21:59.985
then it becomes difficult to
get something off the market.

00:21:59.985 --> 00:22:02.888
What their advances are now
is not to invent new chemicals.

00:22:02.888 --> 00:22:05.224
Their advance now is
to buy the seed

00:22:05.224 --> 00:22:06.759
and make
the plants resistant,

00:22:06.759 --> 00:22:08.827
so they can use more
of the chemicals
that they already have.

00:22:10.963 --> 00:22:12.932
These aren't new chemicals
that are getting in the market.

00:22:12.932 --> 00:22:15.534
These are old chemicals.

00:22:15.534 --> 00:22:17.970
90% of the seeds
that we use
to grow food

00:22:17.970 --> 00:22:19.238
for the world today

00:22:19.238 --> 00:22:21.707
are owned essentially by
six chemical companies.

00:22:29.281 --> 00:22:31.584
That's my issue with GMO.

00:22:31.584 --> 00:22:32.718
I'll say this on camera.

00:22:32.718 --> 00:22:34.320
I don't have a scientific
issue with GMO.

00:22:34.320 --> 00:22:37.223
But when GMO became
a big thing

00:22:37.223 --> 00:22:38.857
when I was in college and
they talked about

00:22:38.857 --> 00:22:42.361
frost resistant strawberries,
and drought resistant beans...

00:22:42.361 --> 00:22:43.596
Oh, man!

00:22:43.596 --> 00:22:46.065
We grow more food and
feed the world.

00:22:46.065 --> 00:22:49.034
You know, we gotta still
explore the safety
and how, you know...

00:22:49.034 --> 00:22:50.436
in these kinds
of things, right?

00:22:50.436 --> 00:22:53.372
But those sound like
good things to me.

00:22:53.372 --> 00:22:55.507
[Peter] The technologies
of crop modification,

00:22:55.507 --> 00:22:58.677
whether it's by genetic
engineering technologies,

00:22:58.677 --> 00:23:00.246
or conventional breeding,

00:23:00.246 --> 00:23:02.381
are something that
we're going to need

00:23:02.381 --> 00:23:04.650
as one of the many things
we need to

00:23:04.650 --> 00:23:08.187
develop more sustainable
as well as productive

00:23:08.187 --> 00:23:09.822
agricultural systems.

00:23:09.822 --> 00:23:13.392
But I think a lot of
the commercial technologies
we're doing now

00:23:13.392 --> 00:23:15.427
are actually taking us in
the opposite direction.

00:23:16.929 --> 00:23:18.964
[Tyrone] Now,
the whole GMO movement

00:23:18.964 --> 00:23:20.366
is about selling more
of my chemicals.

00:23:20.366 --> 00:23:21.567
Not using less.

00:23:21.567 --> 00:23:23.369
It's not about
feeding the world.

00:23:23.369 --> 00:23:26.672
It's about making a handful
of people even richer
than they are right now.

00:23:29.308 --> 00:23:30.809
♪

00:23:34.179 --> 00:23:37.483
Today, the genetic revolution
is being brought to us

00:23:37.483 --> 00:23:40.452
by Dupont, and Monsanto,
and Syngenta.

00:23:40.452 --> 00:23:42.321
The big chemical companies.

00:23:42.321 --> 00:23:45.124
They're trying to sell
as much of their product
as possible.

00:23:46.525 --> 00:23:48.994
But they're not really
trying to solve the problem.

00:23:48.994 --> 00:23:50.796
You know, it's like
pharmaceuticals aren't...

00:23:50.796 --> 00:23:53.832
You know, they aren't really
after curing the disease.

00:23:53.832 --> 00:23:55.768
You know, they wanna
treat the symptoms

00:23:55.768 --> 00:23:58.837
with a pill you have to take
every day for
the rest of your life.

00:23:58.837 --> 00:24:00.906
Because that's where
the profit motive is.

00:24:00.906 --> 00:24:03.542
Well, it's kind of the same
in the agricultural industry
as well.

00:24:07.813 --> 00:24:09.748
You know, the funny thing
about the United States is

00:24:09.748 --> 00:24:12.217
we're these crazy,
creative innovators.

00:24:12.217 --> 00:24:14.720
We come up with all
these gadgets and gizmos,

00:24:14.720 --> 00:24:17.289
and we really don't think
too much about the consequences

00:24:17.289 --> 00:24:19.191
and toll much later.

00:24:22.594 --> 00:24:25.397
[Malia] It's happening
in rural communities

00:24:25.397 --> 00:24:27.433
where jobs are scarce.

00:24:27.433 --> 00:24:29.168
opportunities are scarce.

00:24:29.902 --> 00:24:35.541
and we rely on

00:24:36.642 --> 00:24:38.077
corporations like this

00:24:39.478 --> 00:24:41.246
for job opportunity.

00:24:43.415 --> 00:24:46.051
It's really upsetting
to think about that.

00:24:48.554 --> 00:24:51.123
Some people are asking,
"What's the big deal?

00:24:51.123 --> 00:24:53.425
Why don't you just
pack up and leave?"

00:24:53.425 --> 00:24:56.128
But I live on Hawaiian
homestead land.

00:24:56.128 --> 00:24:59.398
And if you anything about
the cost of living in Hawaii,

00:24:59.398 --> 00:25:01.433
it's nearly impossible

00:25:01.433 --> 00:25:03.702
for a local person

00:25:04.269 --> 00:25:06.372
to own their own home.

00:25:06.372 --> 00:25:10.743
This is one of
the rare opportunities

00:25:10.743 --> 00:25:14.780
that a single mom
of Hawaiian ancestry

00:25:15.714 --> 00:25:18.717
would have to actually

00:25:18.717 --> 00:25:20.652
own their own home
in Hawaii.

00:25:22.688 --> 00:25:24.823
These corporations
have been here, what,

00:25:24.823 --> 00:25:26.859
some of them say
40 years?

00:25:27.559 --> 00:25:28.694
Big deal.

00:25:28.694 --> 00:25:30.763
That's a drop in a bucket.

00:25:30.763 --> 00:25:33.999
You're the foreigner
poisoning land.

00:25:33.999 --> 00:25:35.033
You leave.

00:25:36.502 --> 00:25:37.903
You know?

00:25:38.337 --> 00:25:40.139
So, um...

00:25:40.139 --> 00:25:44.376
On a small island like this
with limited resources,

00:25:44.376 --> 00:25:45.811
there is nowhere to run.

00:25:50.983 --> 00:25:54.787
[Dustin] You know, I just
happened to walk up
on the mayor

00:25:54.787 --> 00:25:58.157
announcing his run
in Lihue.

00:25:58.157 --> 00:26:01.894
And he was like, "Yeah,
I'm doing it for the Keiki.

00:26:02.327 --> 00:26:03.595
For her.

00:26:03.595 --> 00:26:05.931
He had his granddaughter
with him or something.

00:26:05.931 --> 00:26:09.234
And the, you know,
all the guys behind him
were like,

00:26:09.234 --> 00:26:11.003
holding signs, smiling.

00:26:11.003 --> 00:26:15.474
It was the bosses of BASF,
and the bosses of Syngenta,

00:26:15.474 --> 00:26:18.444
Dow and Dupont, you know.

00:26:18.444 --> 00:26:22.448
And I was just like, "Fuck this.
I'm running for mayor already."

00:26:22.448 --> 00:26:24.783
And I just walked off
with my son.

00:26:24.783 --> 00:26:26.785
[greeting in Hawaiian]

00:26:26.785 --> 00:26:27.986
This is Dustin Barca.

00:26:27.986 --> 00:26:29.822
Just wanted to give
a big mahalo

00:26:29.822 --> 00:26:31.190
to all my supporters.

00:26:31.190 --> 00:26:34.026
This is your chance
to be a part of the change.

00:26:34.026 --> 00:26:37.029
Don't forget to get out
there and vote November 4th.

00:26:40.499 --> 00:26:43.635
We're dealing with, like,
a partnership of people

00:26:43.635 --> 00:26:46.338
who just wanna make money
off our island.

00:26:46.338 --> 00:26:50.275
And the mayor is basically
their golden ticket.

00:26:55.080 --> 00:26:56.381
♪

00:27:02.354 --> 00:27:05.491
So, in 2013,
the island of Kauai

00:27:05.491 --> 00:27:07.025
passed a bill

00:27:07.025 --> 00:27:10.095
which required that
agro-chemical companies

00:27:10.095 --> 00:27:12.731
disclose the pesticides
that they're spraying,

00:27:12.731 --> 00:27:16.101
and not spray them near
homes and schools

00:27:16.101 --> 00:27:18.237
and hospitals and
sensitive waterways.

00:27:19.104 --> 00:27:20.873
At the same time,

00:27:20.873 --> 00:27:24.376
the island of Hawaii
passed a bill

00:27:24.376 --> 00:27:28.113
that banned any future

00:27:28.113 --> 00:27:32.751
growing or testing
of GMO crops.

00:27:33.485 --> 00:27:35.354
And then, what Maui did,

00:27:35.354 --> 00:27:36.788
is Maui said,

00:27:36.788 --> 00:27:38.524
"We want the companies

00:27:38.524 --> 00:27:41.860
to temporarily
suspend operations

00:27:41.860 --> 00:27:45.931
until they can
pay for and provide

00:27:45.931 --> 00:27:49.935
a public health
and environmental
impact assessment

00:27:49.935 --> 00:27:52.871
retroactive conducted
by a third party.

00:27:53.972 --> 00:27:55.941
Today, a federal court judge

00:27:55.941 --> 00:27:59.578
struck down a law
regulating GMOs on Kauai.

00:27:59.578 --> 00:28:02.080
The law not only
regulated GMOs,

00:28:02.080 --> 00:28:04.383
but also
created strict rules

00:28:04.383 --> 00:28:05.817
for pesticides.

00:28:05.817 --> 00:28:07.419
[male reporter]
A federal judge has ruled

00:28:07.419 --> 00:28:11.290
that Maui's ban on
genetically modified
organisms,

00:28:11.290 --> 00:28:14.092
or GMOs is invalid.

00:28:14.092 --> 00:28:17.629
The ruling falls in line
with attempts by two
other counties,

00:28:17.629 --> 00:28:19.965
which the courts
also shot down,

00:28:19.965 --> 00:28:22.901
and will likely extend
what has been a long

00:28:22.901 --> 00:28:24.536
and expensive legal battle.

00:28:24.536 --> 00:28:27.406
So you have three out of
the four counties in the state

00:28:28.707 --> 00:28:30.108
pass these bills,

00:28:31.043 --> 00:28:34.613
driven by
mass grassroots effort,

00:28:34.613 --> 00:28:38.083
engaging thousands
of volunteers...

00:28:38.083 --> 00:28:42.287
And within days
of the bill's passing,

00:28:42.287 --> 00:28:43.555
on Kauai and Maui,

00:28:43.555 --> 00:28:46.758
you have
the industry responding
by suing the counties.

00:28:46.758 --> 00:28:50.395
The industry is suing
our government

00:28:50.395 --> 00:28:54.433
saying, "No, you don't have
the authority to regulate us.

00:28:54.433 --> 00:28:58.070
We're sufficiently regulated
by the federal government."

00:28:59.137 --> 00:29:03.275
And the grounds
of those lawsuits

00:29:03.275 --> 00:29:06.111
are, "It's not that
our products are safe.

00:29:06.111 --> 00:29:08.280
It's not that
what we're doing

00:29:08.280 --> 00:29:10.716
doesn't adversely impact

00:29:10.716 --> 00:29:13.018
the environment
or public health."

00:29:13.018 --> 00:29:15.921
It's that you don't have
the power to tell us no.

00:29:16.655 --> 00:29:18.357
You don't have the power

00:29:18.357 --> 00:29:21.927
to force us to disclose
to you what we're spraying.

00:29:21.927 --> 00:29:24.896
And you have the four or
five company executives there

00:29:24.896 --> 00:29:26.198
answering questions.

00:29:27.099 --> 00:29:28.967
And about halfway
through the process,

00:29:28.967 --> 00:29:31.703
I asked one of the, I said,
"You know, why don't you guys
just give it up?

00:29:31.703 --> 00:29:33.939
Why don't you just let us
do this and stop fighting?

00:29:33.939 --> 00:29:36.808
All we're asking for
is disclosure and buffer zones
in the study.

00:29:36.808 --> 00:29:38.710
And one of them
looked at me and he said,

00:29:38.710 --> 00:29:42.014
"There's other implications
besides the law that
we're concerned about."

00:29:42.014 --> 00:29:45.851
Fundamental difference is
between it being law

00:29:45.851 --> 00:29:46.952
or voluntary.

00:29:46.952 --> 00:29:48.487
Because what happens...

00:29:48.487 --> 00:29:51.390
And here, if it's law,
it has ramifications

00:29:51.390 --> 00:29:53.925
much wider than just Kauai,

00:29:53.925 --> 00:29:57.295
that out companies are
interested in as well.

00:29:57.295 --> 00:30:00.165
[man] What kind of
ramifications are those?

00:30:00.165 --> 00:30:03.769
Being adopted in
other counties and states.

00:30:03.769 --> 00:30:06.104
[man] And I said,
"You're concerned
other communities

00:30:06.104 --> 00:30:08.640
might wanna also protect
their homes and schools?

00:30:08.640 --> 00:30:10.609
And I was furious about it.

00:30:10.609 --> 00:30:13.912
But that's it. They don't want
our little community
to set precedent

00:30:13.912 --> 00:30:15.580
so other towns follow.

00:30:20.118 --> 00:30:21.553
♪

00:30:26.124 --> 00:30:28.627
Now we're not gonna stop
until they burn!

00:30:28.627 --> 00:30:30.595
Are you guys with me?

00:30:30.595 --> 00:30:32.531
[crowd cheering]

00:30:32.531 --> 00:30:34.833
[Hawaiian song playing]

00:30:40.672 --> 00:30:43.175
[man speaking indistinctly]

00:30:46.611 --> 00:30:48.413
♪

00:30:59.424 --> 00:31:03.962
I don't separate
who I am
from what I do.

00:31:03.962 --> 00:31:06.231
That doesn't mean that
what I do is who I am.

00:31:06.231 --> 00:31:09.301
But I don't separate
who I am from what I do.

00:31:09.301 --> 00:31:11.436
If I tell my kids that
you shouldn't lie,

00:31:11.436 --> 00:31:13.105
and you should always
try to help your neighbor,

00:31:13.105 --> 00:31:14.840
and you should always
be friendly and stuff...

00:31:14.840 --> 00:31:17.375
That means I can't go to work
and do something different.

00:31:17.375 --> 00:31:19.544
I can't go to work for example
and fudge data,

00:31:19.544 --> 00:31:22.147
or got to work and say,
"Oh, there's not a problem
with the chemical,"

00:31:22.147 --> 00:31:23.515
when I've just shown
that it is.

00:31:23.515 --> 00:31:25.984
If I'm the one who has
the scientific information,

00:31:25.984 --> 00:31:27.419
and we need that
scientific information

00:31:27.419 --> 00:31:30.155
to make regulatory decisions,
to make life decisions,

00:31:30.155 --> 00:31:32.090
personal decisions
about ourselves,

00:31:32.090 --> 00:31:34.826
I think I have
a social obligation

00:31:34.826 --> 00:31:36.161
as a member of...

00:31:36.161 --> 00:31:38.396
And somebody who,
you know...

00:31:38.396 --> 00:31:40.165
I went to college
on a scholarship.

00:31:40.165 --> 00:31:42.801
That was in part paid
by your tax money.

00:31:42.801 --> 00:31:43.902
Right?

00:31:43.902 --> 00:31:45.470
So now I've got
all that information

00:31:45.470 --> 00:31:47.072
and I'm gonna sit
inside the ivory tower

00:31:47.072 --> 00:31:48.473
and not give it back

00:31:48.473 --> 00:31:51.143
to the people who sent
me here to get it?

00:31:51.143 --> 00:31:54.780
And I think a lot of
people don't...

00:31:54.780 --> 00:31:56.248
You know, they keep
those boundaries up,

00:31:56.248 --> 00:31:57.949
and I think it's
a big mistake.

00:32:01.553 --> 00:32:04.089
[Cliff] With all the schooling
that I've been taught,

00:32:04.089 --> 00:32:05.957
with all the technology
I have learned

00:32:05.957 --> 00:32:07.492
over the last 12 years,

00:32:08.894 --> 00:32:10.395
I could be working for

00:32:11.129 --> 00:32:12.664
the agro-chemical companies

00:32:12.664 --> 00:32:14.199
or the big biotech firms.

00:32:15.033 --> 00:32:16.668
I know some
incredible scientists

00:32:16.668 --> 00:32:20.005
who have left science
because they don't believe
in it anymore.

00:32:20.572 --> 00:32:22.274
You know, and...

00:32:26.411 --> 00:32:29.581
I've known some really good
business people

00:32:29.581 --> 00:32:31.850
who went into science
and have been killing it,

00:32:31.850 --> 00:32:34.319
and getting a lot of money.

00:32:34.319 --> 00:32:37.522
You wanna believe that you're
gonna use these tools for good.

00:32:37.522 --> 00:32:40.225
You're gonna do something
good for your family,

00:32:40.225 --> 00:32:42.460
and for your community.

00:32:42.460 --> 00:32:43.962
Me, personally?
I don't know.

00:32:43.962 --> 00:32:46.431
Maybe I shouldn't
be trusted with this.

00:32:48.400 --> 00:32:50.302
One of the reasons
I got involved with science

00:32:50.302 --> 00:32:53.505
is to help Hawaii become
more self reliant.

00:32:53.505 --> 00:32:57.075
But it's pretty clear that many
of these companies
have a different plan.

00:32:58.577 --> 00:33:01.847
A majority of GMO crops
don't feed Hawaii.

00:33:01.847 --> 00:33:05.584
Most are harvested,
then transported for
cattle and other animals.

00:33:06.852 --> 00:33:09.454
Some of those meat end up
in fast food restaurants

00:33:09.454 --> 00:33:12.023
and supermarket shelves
here at home.

00:33:12.023 --> 00:33:13.725
The rest is then
used for fuel,

00:33:13.725 --> 00:33:14.860
industrial products,

00:33:14.860 --> 00:33:16.761
and ingredients
for processed food.

00:33:20.432 --> 00:33:22.934
For much of
the Green Revolution era,

00:33:22.934 --> 00:33:24.736
the idea was

00:33:24.736 --> 00:33:29.107
you and Maui or Haiti
produce what you produce best.

00:33:29.107 --> 00:33:30.842
Coffee for export,

00:33:30.842 --> 00:33:34.279
mangoes... anything tropical
that you can sell in
the United States.

00:33:34.279 --> 00:33:36.915
Let the United States
produce the grain,

00:33:36.915 --> 00:33:38.283
and you buy it from us.

00:33:38.283 --> 00:33:40.285
So each country does
what it does best

00:33:40.285 --> 00:33:42.320
and then world trade
sorts it all out.

00:33:45.857 --> 00:33:48.860
And what this has led to
in many parts of the world,

00:33:48.860 --> 00:33:51.129
is this inability to create

00:33:51.129 --> 00:33:53.231
a healthy agricultural base.

00:33:55.700 --> 00:33:58.870
Agricultural researchers say
we now need to

00:33:58.870 --> 00:34:01.239
double our
agricultural productivity.

00:34:01.239 --> 00:34:04.743
Grow twice the amount
of food between
now and 2050.

00:34:04.743 --> 00:34:06.945
And that means we're gonna
have to grow as much food

00:34:06.945 --> 00:34:08.213
in the next 35 years,

00:34:08.213 --> 00:34:10.615
as we've grown since
the beginning of civilization.

00:34:14.519 --> 00:34:16.721
[Claire]
Conventional agriculture
kills the soil.

00:34:17.889 --> 00:34:22.193
It's almost like you're
going to... to a gold mine

00:34:22.193 --> 00:34:23.495
and you're taking
the gold out.

00:34:23.495 --> 00:34:25.096
Eventually the gold
runs out,

00:34:25.730 --> 00:34:27.098
and there's nothing left.

00:34:27.098 --> 00:34:29.167
That's what we're doing
with the soils.

00:34:31.970 --> 00:34:35.006
So soil is a lot more
than dirt.

00:34:35.006 --> 00:34:37.642
You need all these
micro organisms.

00:34:37.642 --> 00:34:39.544
You need earthworms,
you need centipedes

00:34:39.544 --> 00:34:43.248
and millipedes and
all of these
creatures in there

00:34:43.248 --> 00:34:45.951
that are providing
the soil's fertility.

00:34:45.951 --> 00:34:50.221
And if you just put
the nitrogen and
phosphorous in

00:34:50.221 --> 00:34:52.624
that make up
synthetic fertilizers,

00:34:52.624 --> 00:34:55.327
then you're not ever
replenishing that soil.

00:34:55.327 --> 00:34:58.496
You're never feeding
that soil.

00:34:58.496 --> 00:35:01.833
Conventional agriculture
can't continue to
feed the world.

00:35:04.869 --> 00:35:09.474
[Joel] The entire world
has always depended on
six inches of soil.

00:35:10.408 --> 00:35:11.609
And we are losing it.

00:35:17.048 --> 00:35:18.783
♪

00:35:25.557 --> 00:35:30.028
This is the biggest
environmental issue
of my generation

00:35:30.028 --> 00:35:31.663
and my kids' generations.

00:35:31.663 --> 00:35:33.765
And it's not gonna be
about Hurricane Sandy,

00:35:33.765 --> 00:35:36.735
and it's not gonna be
about sea level rise,
or melting glaciers.

00:35:36.735 --> 00:35:39.404
It's gonna be how we're
gonna feed the world.

00:35:39.404 --> 00:35:41.773
How are we gonna feed
this booming population

00:35:41.773 --> 00:35:44.643
over the next
30 to 40 years.

00:35:44.643 --> 00:35:46.878
Um, and how are we
gonna be able to do that

00:35:46.878 --> 00:35:49.314
without destroying the planet
that we depend on?

00:35:51.082 --> 00:35:52.917
[woman singing in Hawaiian]

00:36:07.232 --> 00:36:09.367
[Malia] Instead of
wallowing in my anger,

00:36:11.302 --> 00:36:13.438
sometimes you have to

00:36:13.438 --> 00:36:15.807
take the anger and frustration

00:36:15.807 --> 00:36:20.678
and turn it into
a proactive solution.

00:36:20.678 --> 00:36:23.748
And I think that's
where we at.

00:36:25.483 --> 00:36:28.586
We're understanding that

00:36:28.586 --> 00:36:32.557
this system is not created
to protect us anymore.

00:36:32.557 --> 00:36:35.794
So we need to really
protect ourselves.

00:36:40.665 --> 00:36:42.667
You know,
when I think about how...

00:36:42.667 --> 00:36:46.404
How our ancestors
were able to

00:36:46.404 --> 00:36:49.040
not just survive,
but thrive,

00:36:49.040 --> 00:36:51.342
in a place so remote,

00:36:52.010 --> 00:36:54.412
with limited resources,

00:36:55.313 --> 00:36:57.182
it just amazes me.

00:36:57.182 --> 00:36:58.783
And it's inspiring to me.

00:37:02.487 --> 00:37:05.490
As indigenous people
of this world,

00:37:05.490 --> 00:37:09.060
that footprint has already
been laid for us.

00:37:09.060 --> 00:37:12.163
And all we really need
to do is follow,

00:37:12.163 --> 00:37:13.565
follow it.

00:37:18.136 --> 00:37:20.205
[man 1]
Something's wrong here.

00:37:20.205 --> 00:37:21.639
The contour's probably right,

00:37:21.639 --> 00:37:23.808
but the stream's probably
got a lot more feature in it.

00:37:23.808 --> 00:37:25.176
-[man 2] Yeah.
-Yeah.

00:37:25.176 --> 00:37:28.213
It was a manage system
all the way through.

00:37:28.213 --> 00:37:30.482
I've worked in some of
the wettest climates

00:37:30.482 --> 00:37:32.951
in the Amazon,
Central America.

00:37:33.318 --> 00:37:34.886
um, Asia...

00:37:34.886 --> 00:37:37.589
to some of the driest deserts.

00:37:37.589 --> 00:37:40.492
The Hawaiian system is
one of those
sustainable systems

00:37:40.492 --> 00:37:42.560
documented in history.

00:37:45.630 --> 00:37:47.398
Centered around water flows

00:37:47.398 --> 00:37:50.268
hydrological cycles
of a valley.

00:37:51.803 --> 00:37:55.507
The scared forest
at the very top
was not touched,

00:37:55.507 --> 00:37:59.444
'cause you need
the forest nutrient above
and the stability above

00:37:59.444 --> 00:38:00.979
coming down these
steep slopes.

00:38:00.979 --> 00:38:04.215
And then you come down
into the productive forests,

00:38:04.215 --> 00:38:06.184
and the taro terraces,

00:38:06.184 --> 00:38:09.287
which give you
stability and water.

00:38:19.364 --> 00:38:21.032
And then,
right at the coast,

00:38:21.032 --> 00:38:23.034
those water soaks
were used

00:38:23.034 --> 00:38:28.773
to attract fish into
the Hawaiian fish ponds.

00:38:28.773 --> 00:38:32.243
This was a system that
carried nutrient from
the top of the hill

00:38:32.243 --> 00:38:35.180
in a stable form with water,

00:38:35.180 --> 00:38:37.348
and soaked and
reused that water

00:38:37.348 --> 00:38:38.950
many times through
the system.

00:38:40.819 --> 00:38:42.654
We should look at
those systems

00:38:42.654 --> 00:38:45.590
and see how they can be used

00:38:45.590 --> 00:38:47.625
and applied to this
point in history.

00:38:54.132 --> 00:38:58.770
The Colonial system didn't
actually look at the energy
of fish at sea.

00:38:58.770 --> 00:39:02.207
They didn't do an energy audit
on traditional systems.

00:39:02.207 --> 00:39:05.043
often didn't even recognize
what they were seeing.

00:39:06.711 --> 00:39:09.547
They were looking at
industrialized wealth

00:39:09.547 --> 00:39:11.382
and monetary wealth

00:39:11.382 --> 00:39:14.719
as the only way to
see wealth at all.

00:39:18.223 --> 00:39:20.725
Where lot of traditional people

00:39:20.725 --> 00:39:23.361
were looking at
an environment of wealth,

00:39:23.828 --> 00:39:25.430
true wealth.

00:39:31.202 --> 00:39:32.770
♪

00:39:39.143 --> 00:39:43.514
[Cliff] I've been a part
of Polynesian Voyaging Society
since I was a kid.

00:39:43.514 --> 00:39:46.417
We used the old ways
to navigate across the ocean.

00:39:49.254 --> 00:39:50.622
♪

00:39:53.391 --> 00:39:56.227
On a flight to Ohau,
I ran into La'akea,

00:39:56.227 --> 00:39:57.562
who is a long-time
crew member,

00:39:57.562 --> 00:39:59.564
and used to sail with us.

00:39:59.564 --> 00:40:02.700
His daughter was
born with a birth defect.

00:40:02.700 --> 00:40:05.837
Some say it could even be
linked to pesticide use.

00:40:07.205 --> 00:40:10.742
Their family doesn't live
next to any GMO fields.

00:40:10.742 --> 00:40:14.345
But there are
a lot of pesticides associated
with the sugarcane farming

00:40:14.345 --> 00:40:16.180
near their home
on the big island.

00:40:16.180 --> 00:40:18.116
Lanoa was born
with gastroschisis,

00:40:18.116 --> 00:40:21.152
where there's a hole
next to the belly button.

00:40:21.152 --> 00:40:22.420
Right? Look.

00:40:22.420 --> 00:40:24.555
So currently
she doesn't have
enough intestines

00:40:24.555 --> 00:40:27.492
to absorb the nutrition
that she needs to eat

00:40:27.492 --> 00:40:28.593
to sustain herself.

00:40:28.593 --> 00:40:30.428
-It hurts if I push?
-No.

00:40:30.428 --> 00:40:32.163
-No?
-Just empty.

00:40:32.163 --> 00:40:33.398
No problem.
Does this hurt, too?

00:40:33.398 --> 00:40:35.500
-No pain.
-Mm-mmm.

00:40:35.500 --> 00:40:37.468
-Do you have
any pain any place?
-No!

00:40:37.468 --> 00:40:39.137
Every once in a while
you get cramps?

00:40:39.137 --> 00:40:40.338
No.

00:40:40.338 --> 00:40:41.372
Oh, yeah.

00:40:41.372 --> 00:40:42.507
[giggles]

00:40:42.507 --> 00:40:44.008
Sometimes when I
sleep in the car

00:40:44.008 --> 00:40:46.544
and I sleep too long,
my feet get sore.

00:40:46.544 --> 00:40:48.813
Well, that's 'cause
your feet fall asleep,

00:40:48.813 --> 00:40:50.615
you know, 'cause
it's dangling.

00:40:52.283 --> 00:40:54.986
[coughs]

00:40:54.986 --> 00:40:57.155
[man] Because she lost
so much intestine,

00:40:57.155 --> 00:40:58.790
it really defined

00:40:58.790 --> 00:41:01.526
the things her body
could absorb.

00:41:01.526 --> 00:41:06.898
Where she would be on
a constant tube feed,

00:41:06.898 --> 00:41:10.168
Soy based, you know, like
PediaSure and PediaCare.

00:41:10.168 --> 00:41:11.836
All that processed things.

00:41:11.836 --> 00:41:16.741
We give that to our daughter
and she gets sick.

00:41:16.741 --> 00:41:20.778
And then we go and
move towards
an organic product,

00:41:20.778 --> 00:41:22.647
and she's perfectly fine.

00:41:22.647 --> 00:41:25.783
That's where it
lead us to taro.

00:41:25.783 --> 00:41:29.554
Kalo being the biggest
part of her food.

00:41:29.554 --> 00:41:34.826
We go though almost
a pound of kalo a day.

00:41:44.469 --> 00:41:46.104
[Cliff] How does it feel?

00:41:46.104 --> 00:41:47.138
Cold.

00:41:47.138 --> 00:41:48.806
-[Cliff] Yeah?
-Can you feel it in your belly?

00:41:49.173 --> 00:41:50.208
No?

00:41:50.208 --> 00:41:51.709
Smells like
Cheetos, Mom.

00:41:51.709 --> 00:41:52.877
Smell like Cheetos?

00:41:52.877 --> 00:41:55.013
You wish you could
have Cheetos.

00:41:55.013 --> 00:41:56.781
Wait, I've got to flush you.
Mommy's gotta flush...

00:41:56.781 --> 00:41:58.316
...the science
behind it, yeah?

00:41:58.316 --> 00:42:01.052
We just don't know the science,
but when it eliminates

00:42:01.052 --> 00:42:03.488
the amount of drugs that
she has to take,

00:42:03.488 --> 00:42:07.859
that she's supposed to,
and she doesn't get sick
as often,

00:42:07.859 --> 00:42:10.561
you know, I mean,
that's a higher choice.

00:42:10.561 --> 00:42:15.233
[Cliff] It was inspiring
to see how Lanoa's health
improved with the Kalo.

00:42:15.233 --> 00:42:18.936
It was a beautiful reminder
just how important taro
still is today.

00:42:20.405 --> 00:42:23.674
It's been a long time since
I worked in the taro fields,

00:42:23.674 --> 00:42:26.044
so I visited a family friend
named Uncle Dean.

00:42:29.947 --> 00:42:32.316
[man] All these super foods,

00:42:32.316 --> 00:42:34.352
and, you know, greens
and all those kind of stuff,

00:42:34.352 --> 00:42:37.688
that's all good, but that's
not gonna feed a society
in my opinion.

00:42:37.688 --> 00:42:39.991
Only calories are gonna
feed a society.

00:42:41.192 --> 00:42:43.127
And that's what
we're growing here.

00:42:44.295 --> 00:42:47.632
I look at the patch differently
where the sun comes.

00:42:47.632 --> 00:42:49.267
'Cause now she's
coming from the east,

00:42:49.267 --> 00:42:50.268
but she's further south.

00:42:53.371 --> 00:42:57.508
We'd not have had
the rich society and
culture that we have

00:42:57.508 --> 00:42:58.976
were it not for the kalo.

00:43:04.248 --> 00:43:06.250
The word for water is wai.

00:43:08.286 --> 00:43:11.923
And the word for wealth,
or to be rich, is wai wai.

00:43:15.827 --> 00:43:18.396
Because from a Hawaiian
perspective,

00:43:18.396 --> 00:43:20.331
when you had water,

00:43:20.331 --> 00:43:22.133
you were rich and wealthy,

00:43:22.133 --> 00:43:24.402
because your water was
your source of life.

00:43:24.402 --> 00:43:26.037
It could provide the food.

00:43:28.406 --> 00:43:29.674
For Hawaiians,
that was wealth.

00:43:29.674 --> 00:43:31.943
Starting with the water,
which grew the food,

00:43:31.943 --> 00:43:33.644
which created an abundance.

00:43:33.644 --> 00:43:35.146
And when you had abundance,

00:43:35.146 --> 00:43:38.149
you became a rich person
because you had much to give.

00:43:43.287 --> 00:43:45.623
♪

00:43:51.662 --> 00:43:53.397
[Cliff] Some 200 years ago,

00:43:53.397 --> 00:43:56.534
a group of foreign businessmen
calling themselves
the "Big Five"

00:43:56.534 --> 00:43:57.902
moved into Hawaii,

00:43:57.902 --> 00:44:00.071
and were influential
in the privatization

00:44:00.071 --> 00:44:02.173
of our land and
natural resources.

00:44:03.107 --> 00:44:04.876
For many Hawaiians
at the time,

00:44:04.876 --> 00:44:06.878
the concept of owning
land and water

00:44:06.878 --> 00:44:09.313
made as much sense as
owning the air we breathe.

00:44:16.487 --> 00:44:20.391
We're now living in
the aftermath of
a plantation system.

00:44:20.391 --> 00:44:23.027
After making their fortunes
off of the land,

00:44:23.027 --> 00:44:26.197
the majority of
the Big Five's large
industrial farms

00:44:26.197 --> 00:44:29.534
of sugarcane, pineapple
and coffee have shut down,

00:44:29.534 --> 00:44:32.670
or moved to other countries
where it is even cheaper
to grow food.

00:44:34.405 --> 00:44:36.974
The abandonment of many
of these vast plots of land

00:44:36.974 --> 00:44:39.911
paved the way for
GMO companies
who've moved in,

00:44:39.911 --> 00:44:42.346
leasing thousands of these
vacant acres.

00:44:44.382 --> 00:44:47.785
We shifted from a society
who fed a similar population

00:44:47.785 --> 00:44:50.955
with fresh
and nutritious food,

00:44:50.955 --> 00:44:54.792
to one that imports
80 to 90 percent
of what we eat.

00:45:01.732 --> 00:45:03.134
These are our options.

00:45:03.134 --> 00:45:06.504
You know, if you're not
farming your own food,

00:45:06.504 --> 00:45:09.774
you don't have time to
make it to
the farmer's market,

00:45:11.008 --> 00:45:13.044
this is where it's at.

00:45:14.579 --> 00:45:17.048
If I need to buy
things here,

00:45:17.048 --> 00:45:20.017
I try to get organic stuff.

00:45:20.017 --> 00:45:24.822
Or there are some things
that are locally sourced.

00:45:24.822 --> 00:45:26.824
It's hard. It's hard to

00:45:26.824 --> 00:45:29.393
not be part of this machine.

00:45:30.394 --> 00:45:31.829
Smells so good.

00:45:31.829 --> 00:45:33.998
I wonder how many pesticides
are on this.

00:45:38.169 --> 00:45:41.072
You know, you look down
on this,

00:45:41.072 --> 00:45:44.475
which is only, like,
a mile away from Costco.

00:45:44.475 --> 00:45:45.876
And it's a jewel.

00:45:45.876 --> 00:45:49.146
This is what my ancestors
considered their refrigerator.

00:45:53.551 --> 00:45:55.052
♪

00:45:58.155 --> 00:46:01.892
My responsibility as a parent
is to, uh,

00:46:01.892 --> 00:46:06.897
put my children back
in connection

00:46:06.897 --> 00:46:09.867
with our ancestral knowledge
in places like this,

00:46:09.867 --> 00:46:13.437
so that they don't
just look at it

00:46:13.437 --> 00:46:16.173
as ancient Hawaiian ruins,

00:46:16.173 --> 00:46:19.710
but as a source that can
provide sustenance for them

00:46:19.710 --> 00:46:21.278
and their children one day.

00:46:21.879 --> 00:46:23.481
So that's our...

00:46:23.481 --> 00:46:25.316
Sorry.

00:46:25.316 --> 00:46:27.418
So, yeah, that's our
ultimate goal,

00:46:27.418 --> 00:46:29.787
is to one day

00:46:29.787 --> 00:46:31.288
see this place thrive again

00:46:31.288 --> 00:46:34.358
and provide food for
our community.

00:46:44.101 --> 00:46:45.536
♪

00:46:51.409 --> 00:46:54.011
[boy]
Yeah, so we don't
see the babies...

00:46:54.011 --> 00:46:56.714
Yeah, so we don't
put poison in our dirt

00:46:56.714 --> 00:46:58.282
to kill our weeds.

00:46:58.282 --> 00:47:01.018
Look, we're gonna grab
these weeds right here,

00:47:01.018 --> 00:47:02.520
and we're gonna pull
them out like this,

00:47:02.520 --> 00:47:05.189
and we're gonna throw them
in the grass out there, okay?

00:47:05.189 --> 00:47:06.223
I'm so hot.

00:47:06.223 --> 00:47:08.059
Really? I know.
Me, too, bro.

00:47:08.059 --> 00:47:09.493
[speaking indistinctly]

00:47:10.561 --> 00:47:12.063
Are you gonna help?

00:47:12.830 --> 00:47:14.231
Or are you just
gonna complain?

00:47:25.209 --> 00:47:27.011
♪

00:47:34.985 --> 00:47:37.088
This big root is
tearing into the fruit.

00:47:40.357 --> 00:47:43.361
More water?

00:47:43.361 --> 00:47:47.031
[Dustin]
You know, now it's just time
to really lead by example.

00:47:48.532 --> 00:47:52.503
And right here
is our first step
of leading by example.

00:47:53.804 --> 00:47:56.407
You know,
raising our own animals,

00:47:56.407 --> 00:47:59.977
healthy vegetables
for our families.

00:47:59.977 --> 00:48:02.880
This is my way of
feeding my people.

00:48:02.880 --> 00:48:04.548
♪ Revolution ♪

00:48:05.683 --> 00:48:08.252
♪ Never dies ♪

00:48:08.252 --> 00:48:12.890
♪ They tell us all
How to play nice ♪

00:48:12.890 --> 00:48:16.127
♪ What you should
And shouldn't do ♪

00:48:17.862 --> 00:48:20.097
I pray now
there's a revolution

00:48:20.097 --> 00:48:24.468
of people rising up who
wanna grow their own food.

00:48:24.468 --> 00:48:28.873
Once you feel the dirt and
you get connected back
with what our ancestors

00:48:28.873 --> 00:48:30.875
did for thousands of years.

00:48:30.875 --> 00:48:32.376
No matter who you are,
where you're from,

00:48:32.376 --> 00:48:34.111
your ancestors were growing
their own food.

00:48:34.111 --> 00:48:35.246
It ain't just a Hawaiian thing.

00:48:35.246 --> 00:48:39.116
This is a universal thing,
you know.

00:48:39.116 --> 00:48:43.053
♪ Grow up
Let your roots before us ♪

00:48:43.053 --> 00:48:45.756
♪ Repair the culture
That was stolen from us ♪

00:48:45.756 --> 00:48:50.394
♪ 'Cause it's a revolution
Paradise ♪

00:48:50.394 --> 00:48:54.064
♪ Poisoning our people
Ain't very nice ♪

00:48:54.064 --> 00:48:58.035
♪ It's a revolution
Paradise ♪

00:48:58.035 --> 00:49:00.738
♪ We're gonna do
What we gotta do ♪

00:49:00.738 --> 00:49:02.640
♪ Do we gotta do ♪

00:49:09.313 --> 00:49:11.715
[Claire] For a long time,
people have been
asking the question,

00:49:11.715 --> 00:49:15.119
to what extent can organic
agriculture contribute

00:49:15.119 --> 00:49:16.420
to feeding the world.

00:49:18.889 --> 00:49:21.292
With organic agriculture,

00:49:21.292 --> 00:49:23.727
they wanted to get
pesticides out of the system,

00:49:23.727 --> 00:49:26.030
and synthetic fertilizers
out of the system.

00:49:27.698 --> 00:49:30.167
What's really interesting is
there's been a kind of

00:49:30.167 --> 00:49:32.503
conventionalization,
or industrialization

00:49:32.503 --> 00:49:33.971
of organic agriculture.

00:49:35.406 --> 00:49:39.009
When we look at
organic versus conventional,

00:49:39.009 --> 00:49:41.745
and they're both just
growing a single crop,

00:49:41.745 --> 00:49:45.816
it's like the organic farming
has lost that
home court advantage

00:49:45.816 --> 00:49:50.321
When organic farmers are using
more diversification practices,

00:49:50.321 --> 00:49:52.556
then that yield gap
actually declines.

00:49:56.026 --> 00:49:57.862
If we're gonna do
organic agriculture,

00:49:57.862 --> 00:50:00.631
to be competitive
in terms of yield,

00:50:00.631 --> 00:50:02.166
we should really be doing

00:50:02.166 --> 00:50:05.269
the organic agriculture
that makes use of

00:50:05.269 --> 00:50:08.873
ecological interactions that
happen when we diversify

00:50:08.873 --> 00:50:10.774
the farm field.

00:50:10.774 --> 00:50:13.410
[Dash]
Just walking down this line,
we got a bunch of different

00:50:13.410 --> 00:50:15.179
plants that
we're growing here.

00:50:15.179 --> 00:50:18.215
Bamboo that you can
eat the shoot raw.

00:50:18.215 --> 00:50:21.585
We're in this diverse,
multi-layered food forest.

00:50:21.585 --> 00:50:24.088
And there's all different
crops surrounding us.

00:50:24.855 --> 00:50:27.524
So, a tree-based agriculture

00:50:27.524 --> 00:50:30.761
that can be applied and used
in dry climates.

00:50:30.761 --> 00:50:33.664
It can be used
in temper climates
or tropical climates.

00:50:33.664 --> 00:50:37.501
So, it's really creating
a food system that
not only gives you food,

00:50:37.501 --> 00:50:39.603
but it also
reforests the planet.

00:50:39.603 --> 00:50:42.439
So, after the initial
insulation period

00:50:42.439 --> 00:50:45.009
of installing
a permaculture garden,

00:50:45.009 --> 00:50:46.744
or a food forest,

00:50:46.744 --> 00:50:49.847
you're gonna be enjoying
those foods for years
and years to come,

00:50:49.847 --> 00:50:54.218
with very little energy
needing to be put into it
to maintain it.

00:50:55.519 --> 00:50:59.056
I wanna leave my children
a beautiful Garden of Eden,

00:50:59.056 --> 00:51:00.324
a forest.

00:51:02.760 --> 00:51:06.897
[Claire] We need research on
how to deal with
specific pest problems,

00:51:06.897 --> 00:51:10.301
for example, through these
diversification techniques.

00:51:10.301 --> 00:51:13.537
You know,
what crops grow best
with what other crops.

00:51:13.537 --> 00:51:16.307
And really, how to design
our farming systems,

00:51:16.307 --> 00:51:19.143
so they can be
maximally productive,

00:51:19.143 --> 00:51:23.013
but environmentally
sustainable.

00:51:23.013 --> 00:51:24.582
So we need that
kind of research

00:51:24.582 --> 00:51:26.951
But there's nothing to be
sold from that research,

00:51:26.951 --> 00:51:29.687
and that's why
the corporations
aren't taking that on.

00:51:31.522 --> 00:51:33.524
[Malia]
I work a nine to five,

00:51:33.524 --> 00:51:37.728
just like the majority of
working parents.

00:51:37.728 --> 00:51:40.798
You know, I don't always have
the time to grow
my own vegetables

00:51:40.798 --> 00:51:43.467
and raise my own chickens.

00:51:43.467 --> 00:51:48.572
I think
voting with your dollar
by shopping wisely

00:51:49.106 --> 00:51:50.908
is so important.

00:51:50.908 --> 00:51:55.379
Because the only way these
corporations are able
to survive and thrive,

00:51:55.379 --> 00:51:57.748
is because we keep
feeding them our money.

00:52:02.319 --> 00:52:06.357
[Cliff] Waianae is located
on the west side
of the island of Oahu.

00:52:06.357 --> 00:52:10.094
It consists of six major
watersheds or ahupua'a

00:52:10.094 --> 00:52:13.630
Mao Farms operates on
the largest organic farm
in Hawaii.

00:52:13.630 --> 00:52:15.866
Using biodiverse
planting techniques

00:52:15.866 --> 00:52:17.534
like those of our ancestors.

00:52:21.105 --> 00:52:23.807
[Kamuela]
The fact that we're locally
the largest organic farm

00:52:23.807 --> 00:52:27.444
on Oahu that's located
in Waianae is a very, um...

00:52:28.712 --> 00:52:30.581
eloquent middle finger
to the narrative

00:52:30.581 --> 00:52:32.716
of what people thing
Waianae is.

00:52:32.716 --> 00:52:35.319
'Cause you drive in,
you'll see the dumps,

00:52:35.319 --> 00:52:37.855
you see all the military
live fire training bases.

00:52:39.690 --> 00:52:42.292
They're all located in
close proximity

00:52:42.292 --> 00:52:44.194
to a concentration
of native people.

00:52:45.629 --> 00:52:47.598
We're making a case
for Hawaii.

00:52:47.598 --> 00:52:50.167
This is what agriculture
should look like.

00:52:54.038 --> 00:52:56.140
Sustainable agriculture

00:52:56.140 --> 00:52:59.710
is a viable economic
engine for Hawaii.

00:52:59.710 --> 00:53:02.279
For hundreds if not
thousands of generations,

00:53:02.279 --> 00:53:03.981
the human species'

00:53:03.981 --> 00:53:05.382
whole reason
of existence

00:53:05.382 --> 00:53:07.451
revolved around
food production.

00:53:13.791 --> 00:53:16.927
[man] I mean, the average
age of the American farmers
is like 65.

00:53:16.927 --> 00:53:19.863
Somebody is gonna have to
grow food for the population.

00:53:21.765 --> 00:53:24.334
And if we don't
make agriculture

00:53:24.334 --> 00:53:26.236
something that people
want to do,

00:53:26.236 --> 00:53:29.139
and has economic and
also social benefits,

00:53:29.139 --> 00:53:32.576
and male it the wonderful,
rewarding experience
it can be,

00:53:32.576 --> 00:53:34.545
then we're all gonna be
in a lot of trouble.

00:53:36.814 --> 00:53:39.683
[Claire] We need to support
these small farmers.

00:53:39.683 --> 00:53:42.453
'Cause they're the ones
that are, number one, hungry,

00:53:42.453 --> 00:53:44.321
and number two,
are producing

00:53:44.321 --> 00:53:47.024
ironically a lot of the food
that we need.

00:53:47.024 --> 00:53:48.392
So we really need
to help them.

00:53:48.392 --> 00:53:52.229
We need to give them
access to land,

00:53:52.229 --> 00:53:54.832
access to small amounts
of credit,

00:53:54.832 --> 00:53:57.167
so that they can purchase
things that they need.

00:53:57.167 --> 00:54:02.172
We need to give them knowledge
about some of these
improved methods

00:54:02.172 --> 00:54:03.874
of sustainable agriculture.

00:54:03.874 --> 00:54:07.344
And that way, they could be
feeding themselves,

00:54:07.344 --> 00:54:10.481
as well as creating a surplus
for other people.

00:54:13.717 --> 00:54:15.352
[birds chirping]

00:54:16.587 --> 00:54:18.422
[man] Our product
goes to chefs,

00:54:18.422 --> 00:54:19.756
it goes to retail spaces,

00:54:19.756 --> 00:54:22.860
and we do direct sales
at farmers' markets.

00:54:22.860 --> 00:54:25.095
We have a farmers' market
in our community

00:54:25.095 --> 00:54:28.932
that accepts food stamps
and that does that kind
of transaction.

00:54:28.932 --> 00:54:32.369
Daily operations are
entirely run by adults
from our community

00:54:32.369 --> 00:54:34.705
through a college internship.

00:54:34.705 --> 00:54:38.175
So we're sending 30-35
young adults from Waianae

00:54:38.175 --> 00:54:39.977
to college as organic farmers.

00:54:43.881 --> 00:54:45.716
♪

00:54:51.889 --> 00:54:54.858
I'm not the youth who's got
all the energy or whatever

00:54:54.858 --> 00:54:57.261
to get out there
and [speaking Polynesian]
and all of that.

00:54:57.261 --> 00:55:00.330
But the way I effect change
is exactly what we're
doing today.

00:55:00.330 --> 00:55:04.568
Every time I
[speaking Polynesian] one of
these [speaking Polynesian]

00:55:04.568 --> 00:55:06.637
That's my
[speaking Polynesian]
to the system.

00:55:06.637 --> 00:55:10.474
It's to say, right here...
Boom, boom.

00:55:10.474 --> 00:55:12.609
That I'm not gonna
buy into that system.

00:55:12.609 --> 00:55:16.079
I'm gonna effect change by
doing what I can do
on my own.

00:55:21.919 --> 00:55:25.756
I am personally incredibly
inspired by my community.

00:55:25.756 --> 00:55:28.192
Small communities can
still take ownership,

00:55:28.192 --> 00:55:29.760
they can still rise up

00:55:29.760 --> 00:55:32.095
and pass laws
and push back,

00:55:32.095 --> 00:55:33.697
and fight these guys,
and win.

00:55:35.432 --> 00:55:39.503
These companies are slowly
relocating their operations
out of here.

00:55:39.503 --> 00:55:42.372
Pioneer just gave up
3,000 acres.

00:55:42.372 --> 00:55:44.708
Syngenta gave up 500 acres.

00:55:44.708 --> 00:55:46.543
There's less land
in production,

00:55:46.543 --> 00:55:48.612
so our community
is a safer place.

00:56:00.824 --> 00:56:03.627
[Cliff] Our ancestors were not
afraid of new inventions.

00:56:04.928 --> 00:56:06.897
But they created them
through a set of values

00:56:06.897 --> 00:56:10.133
that were refined
over many years.

00:56:10.133 --> 00:56:12.569
Values that considered
the health of a community.

00:56:16.940 --> 00:56:19.409
I'm still finishing up
my doctorate degree.

00:56:19.409 --> 00:56:23.146
But I'm applying what
I've learned towards things
I believe are right.

00:56:25.215 --> 00:56:27.751
I'm a part of a team
of scientists who are
creating a system

00:56:27.751 --> 00:56:30.287
that will hopefully provide
cheap, organic nutrition

00:56:30.287 --> 00:56:31.588
for local communities.

00:56:35.092 --> 00:56:36.627
♪

00:56:39.563 --> 00:56:43.867
I'm also excited to find new
ways of understanding and
protecting our coral reefs.

00:56:47.671 --> 00:56:48.872
♪

00:56:51.975 --> 00:56:54.745
Provide the space for
[speaking Polynesian]
and reflection

00:56:54.745 --> 00:56:56.413
and honoring the
[speaking Polynesian]

00:56:56.413 --> 00:56:59.349
The ceremony that
we're going to take
part in today

00:56:59.349 --> 00:57:04.221
brings honor and recognizes
the ancestors of this place.

00:57:04.221 --> 00:57:06.356
And gives us guidance

00:57:06.356 --> 00:57:08.425
for the work that's
to come.

00:57:11.395 --> 00:57:14.731
We depend deeply on

00:57:14.731 --> 00:57:18.568
this ethic of
Aloha kekahi i kekahi.

00:57:18.568 --> 00:57:21.438
Loving one another,
taking care of one another.

00:57:22.306 --> 00:57:25.709
Those are our ethics
that have

00:57:25.709 --> 00:57:28.111
sustained my people

00:57:28.111 --> 00:57:30.814
for thousands of years,
many generations.

00:57:32.549 --> 00:57:35.585
I think that's a global gift.

00:57:35.585 --> 00:57:39.756
That is something that
we can all teach each other.

00:57:44.261 --> 00:57:45.762
♪

00:57:49.933 --> 00:57:52.402
[Dustin] I've put
everything I have into

00:57:52.402 --> 00:57:55.605
balancing out
everything else
I have, you know,

00:57:55.605 --> 00:57:57.774
with my family.

00:57:57.774 --> 00:57:59.843
I got three kids, and...

00:58:00.844 --> 00:58:02.746
I'm just trying to make
everything work

00:58:02.746 --> 00:58:04.781
and win at the same time.

00:58:22.299 --> 00:58:24.267
♪

00:58:37.047 --> 00:58:40.150
Just simply, I wanted to say
to each and every one of you,

00:58:40.150 --> 00:58:41.118
you know who you are.

00:58:41.118 --> 00:58:42.419
We worked really hard...

00:58:42.419 --> 00:58:44.588
[reporter 1]
Current Kauai mayor,
Bernard Carvalho,

00:58:44.588 --> 00:58:46.690
took a major lead
over Dustin Barca.

00:58:46.690 --> 00:58:47.924
And he's dancing.

00:58:47.924 --> 00:58:49.726
Look at him shake it there.

00:58:49.726 --> 00:58:52.129
They're twisting
the night away.

00:58:52.129 --> 00:58:54.831
[reporter 2] Yeah, him
and all his supporters are...

00:58:54.831 --> 00:58:56.833
[Hawaiian song playing]

00:59:22.359 --> 00:59:23.660
♪

00:59:53.323 --> 00:59:54.858
♪

01:00:13.977 --> 01:00:15.312
♪

01:00:39.236 --> 01:00:40.403
♪

01:01:10.967 --> 01:01:12.869
♪