WEBVTT

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[music]

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The role of feeding mankind

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is always fall into farmers.
They have carried out

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their responsibility across eras and
civilizations. But this has not prevented

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the history of humanity form being
studied with food shortages and famines.

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[music]

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[music]

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Still today, despite massive

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change of scale, with agriculture
having now become industrialized,

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over one billion people still suffer from
hunger. And the goal that United Nations

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committed to, to reduce that
figure by 2015, remains

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the challenge of the 21st century.

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In the future, remedies were becoming from
new technological forms of nutrition,

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which are of great interest to the Agro Business
and the new internet giants, who are investing

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millions of dollars in
innovative food supply startups.

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The scientists say that we’re gonna have
nine billion people on our planet by 2050.

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We now have seven billion people.

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According to the State Department here in the United
States and other scientists around the world,

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farmers around this world are gonna
have to produce more food in the next

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50 years than has been produced in
the last 10,000 years combined.

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We talk about world population
growing by 80 million a year.

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But it’s such a big number,
people can’t relate to it.

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But if you do it on a daily basis,
uh… 80 million a year means,

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there will be 219,000 people
at the dinner table tonight,

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who were not there last night and tomorrow
night, there’ll be another 219,000 thousand.

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This growth of population

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is relentless. It happens every
year, every day. It just keeps…

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keeps growing. But the earth and
it’s land and water resources

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does not grow, it’s finite and we’re
pressing against the limits now.

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[sil.]

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In the United States, we harvest for about

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400 million tons of grains per year.
And of that, last year

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130 million tons which used to produce fuel for
cars and I think that’s going to have to change.

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What’s very probably
going to have to change

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is the American agricultural model, which
over the last few decades has become

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the model for most developed countries.
Driven by Biotechnologies,

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it makes use of GMOs and high
yield seeds at a very early stage

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of the production process and generates a
system of production that is increasingly

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focused on industry and
decreasingly on food.

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The most adversely
affected area of declining

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grain stocks is Food Aid, which
until recently was supplied from

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the American Agricultural Food Surplus.
It was there for critical to come up

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with an alternative to traditional
Food Aid. The main innovation

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came from France, and not from the US.
In the form of a nutritional

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Peanut based paste called
\"Plumpy’nut,\" which rapidly

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became a reference in emergency Food Aid.
The story of \"Plumpy’nut\"

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is a fitting tale through which to understand developments
taking place in the international Food Aid sector as a whole.

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[music]

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The major famine that
struck Ethiopia in 1984

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and 1985 remains a historical
one because it triggered

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a mass solidarity movement on a world
wide scale, which raised awareness

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of the sheer scale, the tragedy of
hunger and of our inability to treat it

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with that new therapeutic
and preventative resources.

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The first of those therapeutic
resources was Plumpy’nut.

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[music]

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[music]

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[music]

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In 2009, two American NGOs, very probably

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supported by powerful financial interests,
filed a complaint in the US courts

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to try and obtain the right to
manufacture the same product.

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But their case was dismissed and Nutriset chose
to grant its license to the African Countries

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that needed it most.

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[sil.]

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Let’s talk about Nutriset.
Nutriset has been

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very generous with their patent.
I mean, they have licensed it

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to affiliates all over Africa. You know, they
have Plumpy field network as they call it,

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manufacturing their products under license.

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Umm… So they are growing the products in Africa,
they are manufacturing the products in Africa

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and then they’re giving away or selling
the products in Africa. Umm… So I think

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the whole trend of the food for peace
program here in the United States

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and the most of the food security efforts
from, European efforts and all over the world

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are toward more and more highly
fortified foods, foods that have

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extra nutrients in it for… for people and
particularly for young people and for infants.

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Uh… We need those extra fortified foods.
And the whole trend is in that direction,

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away from bulk-commodes’
toward…toward fortified foods.

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And… and Nutriset really
was a pioneer in that

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whole trend toward extra fortified
foods and, you know, they deserve to

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have their research protected. I
think that’s only fair for a while.

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[music]

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Ethiopia, the very name of which still
evokes famine and humanitarian disasters

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has become a regional hub for the
dissemination of resources and techniques

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in the fight against malnutrition.

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[sil.]

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The Hilina Factory in Addis
Abbaba is highly comparable

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to the parent company Normandy. It follows
exactly the same manufacturing process,

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research, standards, and
even quality control.

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[music]

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We have the capacity to produce nearly

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10,000 tons of therapeutic foods

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and this is mainly for use in
Ethiopia and neighboring countries.

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Ethiopia is very seriously affected

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with high prevalence of severe malnutrition.
The need for such type of products

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is very, very high. Hence, it is unwise

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to bring foods of such
kind from abroad while

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children are dying. So it’s a
question of sovereignty to depend,

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to make food secure.

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[sil.]

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So the government

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will be really getting

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its supply through WFP and UNICEF
and other international NGOs

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to really deliver the required amount
of quantities for this purpose.

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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How much weight gain do you expect? We
expect two kilo, one kilo. In a month or…?

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In a month, two, three, yeah. Two or three…

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They took properly Plampy’nut, local foods.

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If the patient is severe malnutrition,
we’ll give Plumpy’nut. Okay.

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If it is moderate, we’ll
give Plumpy’Sup, Plumpy’Sup.

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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The population of Africa,
currently at 900 million

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will rise to 2 billion in 2050.

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The population of Niger alone will
rise from 16 million to 45 million.

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If we’re going to feed the
plan, we need the land

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of Africa to become productive.
Most of the unused… unused

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agriculture land in the world is in Africa.
Most of the underutilized agriculture land

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is in Africa. So to achieve global food security,
we must achieve African food security.

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But there’s no prophet

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for teaching people how to grow their
own food and making sure that they have

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enough food for their families. Nobody makes
any money off of that. Something has to done

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about those hungry children. What do you
do? Well, you can give them Plumpy’nut

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and these vitamin sprinkles and so forth.
That will solve an instantaneous problem.

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But unless you’re putting money, and skill

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and…and assistance into trying
to help people, take over

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and grow their own foods and
become self sufficient in food,

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it’s not gonna work in the long term. But
there’s no benefit for the donor countries.

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We have to recognize that products will
never be the full answer to the problem.

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The full problem of food
security involves supply chains,

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it involves farmers, it involves distribution
systems, it involves access to money and economies.

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So we can’t just solve a problem
with a product. These products are

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part of the solution but they’re
not the whole solution.

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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The therapeutic treatment of
severe malnutrition is one thing

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with its success and limitations. But the
under-nutrition of entire population

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is a long term issue. Current
treatment developments involve

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adding nutritional compliments to
ordinary food. The large scale

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distribution of supplemented food represents
a new economic stakes that are currently

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changing the structure,
the Agro-Food industry.

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[sil.]

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In think we’ll see some big changes

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in the production side and the
distribution side. Uh… That is it…

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Where as the Plumpy’nut producers
are fairly specialized small scale

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facilities uh… to get the kind
of scale will be cost effective.

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Uh… Enough to support… Enough that…

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that uh… that the products are
accessible to poor households.

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Uh… I think you need… I think we’ll see a
different set of players entering the market.

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And the best example here I think
is, if you been to rural Africa,

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you see the Maggi Cubes, and
you see Nestle products

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in the dustiest most
remote places in Africa.

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Uh… If… If you’re talking about a
private distribution of a supplement,

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those are the kind of players that know how to do that.
Those are the kind of players who can achieve scale,

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to reduce costs, uh… to
distribute supplements

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into rural areas in Africa. It’s not the…
It’s not the specialized firms who have

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really revolutionized the treatment of
malnutrition through Plumpy’nut type products.

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It’s…it’s a shift towards
the kind of private sector

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activity that you see in rural Africa today.
And I think there’ll be some mix of the two,

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I think. And as an example,
there is the project

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in Ethiopia right now,
that involves Pepsi Co.

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And small scale Ethiopian farmers through

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production contracts producing
Cow Pees for a Cow Pee based

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ready to use therapeutic food.
But it’s Pepsi Co.

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Who’s really structuring that value chain.
Pepsi Co. has structured

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the market form the production in the
field, to the processing, in the plant,

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to the distribution. They’ll be drawn
into the sector uh… if they see…

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if they see that as a…as a viable market.

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But there’s only a small step going

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from enriched foods like food supplements,
that the Purity Recreational Food

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that the major food industry companies
already distribute all over the world.

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If you are a food company,

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your objective is to sell more of your
product, no matter what that product is.

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If you are a Coca-Cola or a Pepsi Co.
And you’re making soft drinks

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and snack foods. India has more
than a billion people and,

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you know, some enormous percentage of those
people may not have very much money,

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but they have enough to buy an
occasional Coke, Pepsi or snack food

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of one kind or another and this to true of
all companies that are moving into India.

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And if you look at what’s happening in the
United States, sales of soft drinks are down.

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They’ve been going down for 10 or 15 years.
They keep going down.

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So if companies are going to continue to make the
same level of profit, they either have to find

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new products that people in the United States
will buy or they have to find new markets

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for their products. And so they’re all
going into Asia, Africa, and India,

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where that’s where the populations are.

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[music] India has the
second largest population

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in the world and is its
fore farming sector.

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The country fails to feed half its
inhabitants and yet it represents

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an ideal potential customer base for the
invasion of a food substitute, junk food.

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I was in India. I was, first of all

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amazed to find that Pepsi Co. potato
chips, Frito Lay potato chips,

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company owned by Pepsi Co,
were absolutely everywhere.

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In remote villages, where there
were no other sources of food

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other than what people were growing themselves.
There would be little road side stands

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with Frito Lay potato chips of one kind or
another. And then of course I brought back

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this Kellog cereal that
advertised on the back of it,

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that you should use this chocolate sweetened
breakfast cereal as replacement for chapattis.

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That’s a deliberate attempt to
encourage mothers to think that

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this is a healthier food than
what they’re making themselves.

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And this is not about health,
it’s about business.

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Is this good for the public health
of people in these countries?

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Of course not. But that’s… This
isn’t about public health.

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These companies are not social service agencies, their businesses
and their job is to expand sales, they are very good at.

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[sil.]

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I think it’s not surprising
that the poorest,

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the poorer and less governed
states and those where people are,

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have less voice, are also the ones that want them to be targeted
by these commercial interests because it’s much easier.

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You know, if you…if you have lot of money
and connections, you can go to (inaudible)

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and quite easily talk to bureaucrat
and pursue them to adopt something,

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like that it’s not appropriate. Maybe you even,
you may have to pay them the bribe or something

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and…and nobody will be there to notice and
to raise the alarm. So I don’t think it’s

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surprising that these things are
particularly prevalent in the poorer states.

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[sil.]

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Resisting market pressure and finding
a way to feed the population,

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whilst at the sometime ensuring public health,
is what’s known as \"defining a food policy.\"

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But there can be no food policy
without an agricultural policy

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and it is the lack of effective
structuring between them

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that lies at the root of all
under-nutrition tragedies worldwide.

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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I don’t think the government wants to become well fisted.
I think the government is under pressure to respond

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to peoples demands for basic facilities.
Indian society

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for centuries has been
completely focused on serving

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very privileged minority. India is
making very historical transition now

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form the society which is completely serving the
privileged minority of upper caste men basically

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and now trying to become more democratic
society where people really matter

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under some kind of basic equality
and at least universal access

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to very basic facilities, protection
from hunger, healthcare, education,

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sanitation, things that really,
everybody should have.

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[non-English narration]

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[non-English narration]

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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There is an Indian paradox. The country
is overflowing with stocks of cereal,

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while 300 million Indians were suffering
from hunger and do not have access

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to wheat or rice for a daily meal.

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It is a long term consequence of the
movement that started changing the country

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and its agricultural economy in the 1960s.
What is known as the Green Revolution

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resulted in a technological leap
from traditional farming methods

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to mechanized agriculture, involving new
high yield seeds and the use of fertilizers.

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[sil.]

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Through a combination of
modernization and irrigation,

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in the space of a few years, India has
become not only self sufficient in, but also

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an exporter of cereal. It has increased
its wheat production tenfold

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and its rice production three fold.

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[sil.]

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
This economic success is
destabilized small farmer’s lives,

00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
folding agricultural prizes in small
farmer’s debt, they had tragic consequences.

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
The country has experienced
wide scale rural exodus

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
and a massive spate of small farmer
suicides. Currently one every

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
30 minutes and 270,000
since the late 1990s.

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
[sil.]

00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
One Indian activist is defending these
small farmers. She’s come to Brussels

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
to campaign for another green revolution,
a twice green one this time,

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
at the occasion of a debate on a European Draft
Bill that will restrict free access to seeds.

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:29.999
You know, I’ve been working

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
as an activist and 0as a
scientist more than 40 years.

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
And there’s been a period

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
when there was asemblance of
democracy in our societies

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
before corporate rule. And in
that period it worked, you know.

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
You could pick up trees and
bee, defender of trees.

00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
You could love whales and be a
defender of whales. You could…

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
By and large seed and agriculture was an orphan
umm…but you could pick your favorite little thing

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
and go at it and go at it and go at it,
because the system was responsive.

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
Globalization has established
corporate rule. Now the systems

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
that should be responding to us are
now responding to the corporations.

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
If we only look at that,

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
we can get overwhelmed, but
if we realize that this

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
is the biggest challenge humanity
has ever faced. Right now

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
what we’re having to deal with
is really a very giant public

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
relation machinery on the
one hand and a lobby,

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
battalion on the other. It’s the lobby group that
comes here and the public relations machinery

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
is just all over the place and all of them

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
say the same things. And I think that’s
where we really have to think hard.

00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:04.999
I think definitely the
social media is a place

00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
where we can send other messages but
five simple messages we need to get out.

00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
This is not a food system, 72%
food comes from small farms,

00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
75% of the planetary destruction is from

00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
industrial agriculture. So whether
it is ecological imperative

00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
or the imperative of producing
more food, ecological farming,

00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:34.999
you know, agricology is the way and we are
doing right now, a course on our farm,

00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
you know, because of the demands from it. And young
people, you know, bankers and software engineers

00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:44.999
want to farm. And what we proposed here is,

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.999
the objectives of diversity. Every
small farmer wants diversity.

00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
The objectives of quality, which include taste, flavor,
and nutrition. And the objective of resilience

00:33:55.000 --> 00:34:00.000
to deal with climate change.

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:18.000
[music]

00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:33.000
[music]

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
Africa did not experience the continent
wide Green Revolution India did.

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
Local agriculture remains
diverse, true to tradition

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
and importantly sent it round notions such
as the community and family integration.

00:35:55.000 --> 00:36:03.000
[music]

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
Niger is a good example of a country
in which efforts are being made

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
to define an agricultural policy that
is also in parallel with food policy

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
at the service of its citizens. Nigerians
feeding Nigerians is the watch word

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:25.000
of the policy. This is a
citizen’s festival, \"Milk Day.\"

00:36:55.000 --> 00:37:00.000
[sil.]

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:30.000
[sil.]

00:38:55.000 --> 00:39:03.000
[sil.]

00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
The Real debate is which support system

00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
do we want and what role will
democracy play in shaping

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
the food systems that work for the earth, for
the producers, and farmers, and for the people,

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
and the citizens. So two very
important aspects that are missing

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
in this are the farmers, not the small

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
breeders and small conservation
farmers but the producers

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
who need an access to a diversity
of seed options and need

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
an access to non-GMO seed and they
need an access to non patented seed,

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
and that is a farmer’s right. That right

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
as farmers, as producers are not being talked about
and I’ll send the language that we’ve got in

00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
to our laws on farmers rights,
which basically ends up

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
being the farmers rights to
have a very broad system of

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
open access seeds. It’s basically an open
access seed system that we need to create.

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
This law is creating a
closed access system.

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
[sil.]

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
Now what do you call this?

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
They told the English name, it’s also
in India. A volunteer crop and wheat

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
and its so rich in iron and vitamin A.
You don’t need golden rice.

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
You don’t kill this crop.

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
You know I’m a quantum physicist. If I’m not doing
quantum theory today, it’s about this big lie

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
that the corporations have told.
That their kind of farming

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
feeds the world and this kind of farming
cannot. This is the kind of farming

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
that accounts for nearly
75% of the food supply.

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
This is Food and Agriculture
Organization of United Nations, 2030.

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
72% of food is coming from small farms
and it’s not counting the gardens

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
which don’t get into national statistics. So
if we take the gardens, we’re taking about

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
more than 75% food comes from
farms like this. Only 25%

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
comes from industrial agriculture.
It’s bad food.

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
It was giving people all kinds of diseases
because of the toxins. And for those who say

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
we need genetic engineering, let’s look at the
performance of genetic engineering. The growth on corn

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
and soya, 10% of the corn and soya is used

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
for human food. The rest is raw material for
high fructose corn syrup for Coca-Cola,

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
for bio fuels to drive cars, for
animal feed to torture animals,

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
10% system cannot pretend to be feeding
the world when all they’re doing

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
is poisoning the world. The real
food systems are farms like this.

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
We need to make them grow.
We need everywhere,

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:10.000
local, ecological, diverse
farming and gardening.

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
Regardless of relationship in figures
between food, agricultural production,

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
and agro industrial production, the
central issue in Brussels or in Paris,

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:30.000
remains that of agriculture is
a guarantee of food security.

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
Thank you. We have just about a little less than,
under 10 minutes left, so if you make your comments

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:20.000
short and brief into the point that would be
great. I know we have someone down here, there.

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
The raise for unexploited land

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
on a global scale’s picked pace since
the 2018 financial and food crisis.

00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
Countries like China, South Korea,

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
Russia and Saudi Arabia constantly buying
up or renting the farming land they lack.

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
[sil.]

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
Investment banks in… in New
York City are buying land,

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
not because they plan to farm it. They…they
haven’t a clue on how to farm that land.

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
They’re buying it as an investment and they
know the price of land is going to go up.

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
For the last seven years, the increase

00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
in land prices worldwide has been doubled the
increase in the Dow Jones Industrial Index.

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
But land has become a scare asset

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
and the water that goes with that
land is becoming even more scarce.

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
Land is the new gold.

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
Food is the new oil.

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
Whether gold or oil, new deposits
are now forming at the bottom

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
of researcher’s test-tubes as they
work on inventing or reinventing

00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
the food of tomorrow.

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
[music]

00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
California is the home

00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
to rain of these prospectors.
Startups are mushrooming,

00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
financed by the foundations of the web
giants, which are well acquainted

00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:14.999
with all issues relating to the future
of man, health and food included.

00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
In 2012, $350 million were invested

00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
in food innovation startups.

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
[music]

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
This band of young scientists
and culinary whiz kids

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
is figuring out how do you use plants
to take the place of eggs in cooking?

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
[music]

00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
Plant based eggs are self stable, use less energy
to make, costless and are safe for consumption.

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
Now they are on the brink of a
breakthrough into the impossible.

00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
The animals that we consume,

00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
either the egg products, the meat,
whatever it is, we give them more food.

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
We give them more food than
we do the 1.3 billion people

00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
that go to bed hungry every single night, we think
that’s silly. We think that we can find ways

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
to bring the cost of food way, way
down using the world of plants,

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
92% of which haven’t even been explored for
the role in food problems. And we think

00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
by identifying them and by giving them the people what
they needed the most, we can feed more people with a price

00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
that makes a lot of sense, then we come in to obviously
the serious issue of world hunger and hopefully

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
do a little good for the
environment at the same time.

00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
So everywhere form large food distributors that are all
across West African, Southern African, East Africa

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
places that I live, to large food companies
in China that were in conversations with,

00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
to large food conglomerates in Latin
America, we have conversations with them,

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
we sell product to them and even through
agencies like USAID and the World Food Program,

00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:04.999
the word, even in early conversations with about getting
our product out to the people who needed the most.

00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:13.000
[music]

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
Using technology to leap over, animals in cages and
animals are getting fed lots of soya and corn.

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
There’s something that’s just better, that just makes
more sense. And I think we’re gonna have to return to,

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
you know, more sustainable approaches
to animal-agriculture, instead of

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.999
housing animals in closed conditions which are heavens
for food safety issues. People are gonna raise animals

00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:44.999
in open areas and it’s gonna be a combination of
people. So returning to the roots kind of on…

00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:49.999
on both fronts. It works
that to be a part of

00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:54.999
the leap towards the sustainable
technology to make things better.

00:49:55.000 --> 00:50:03.000
[music]

00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
Changing the world by thinking differently,
Silicon Valley’s motto. It is proven it

00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
can revolutionize social communication
systems. But it also has the Pad

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
act on the real world. And
if eggs can do that, hence,

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
could meat not do without animals?

00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:33.000
[music]

00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
Often I’d be asked why are
you trying to replicate me

00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
versus dis-encouraging
people to eat protein

00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:49.999
in its lagoon form or similar.
And, they’d asked

00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:54.999
that all the time, it’s something I think about
all the time. And for me it comes down to

00:50:55.000 --> 00:50:59.999
cultural adherence to meet
something that is deeply engrained

00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:04.999
in our revolutionary history.

00:51:05.000 --> 00:51:09.999
[sil.]

00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:14.999
You know, if you look at me, if you break it
down turns to what actually surprises me.

00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:19.999
You have collagen, you have proteins,
you have some carbohydrates.

00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:24.999
Umm… At the end of the day, if it tastes like meat, provides
nutritional value of meat and can be used like meat,

00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:29.999
why does it matter where, you know, (inaudible) came from? And
for us, that’s really the question we pose the consumers is,

00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:34.999
we’re able to take plant based protein,
extract it from the plans, run it through

00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:39.999
a very simple system that uses natural
forces of heating, cooling, and pressure

00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:44.999
to realign the proteins so that they mimic the fiber
structure that you find in muscle, in animal tissue,

00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:49.999
in meat. And we prevent… We lend that
to consumers in the form of chicken

00:51:50.000 --> 00:51:54.999
or in the form of beef.

00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:59.999
Taste like chicken. What
is fascinating to me

00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:04.999
about the international applications of this, we have
just scratched the surface on a number of species

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.999
or plants that you can extract.

00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:14.999
[music]

00:52:15.000 --> 00:52:19.999
It takes time for an
idea and for technology

00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:24.999
to have disruption that you want. And
sometimes, I think that Hugo said this.

00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:29.999
\"There’s no idea…\" \"There’s nothing more
powerful than idea whose time has come.\"

00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:38.000
[music]

00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:44.999
An idea’s time may have come in
California but not in Africa.

00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:49.999
The prime concern of African small
farmers is most definitely not to learn

00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:54.999
how to extract proteins from cereal
to make it look like beef or chicken.

00:52:55.000 --> 00:53:03.000
[music]

00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:49.999
A lack of electricity and transportation
are not the only issues they face.

00:53:50.000 --> 00:53:54.999
There is also the price of fertilizers,
the threat of climate change,

00:53:55.000 --> 00:53:59.999
the degradation of environment and quite
simply what we refer to as poverty.

00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:04.999
And when poverty takes
a turn for the worse,

00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:09.999
the only thing a small farmer can do is
become a migrant in his own country,

00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:14.999
as is the case for 750 million people today

00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:20.000
all over the world.