WEBVTT

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♪ See trouble in the air ♪

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♪ Over my head ♪

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♪ I see trouble in the air ♪

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Montgomery, Alabama.

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1960.

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City of the famous
bus boycott.

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♪

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♪ I see trouble in the air ♪

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The Dexter Avenue
Baptist Church,

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whose pastor was
Martin Luther King.

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♪ Must be a God ♪

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Officers of the peace,

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citizens of Montgomery,

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waiting,

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as Negroes prepare to march
on the municipal building

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in support of sit-ins
who demonstrate

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against lunch counter
segregation.

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♪ ...my head ♪

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♪ I see trouble in the air ♪

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♪ Over my head ♪

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♪ I see trouble in the air ♪

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♪ There must be a God

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somewhere ♪

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This is Monroe,
North Carolina.

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♪

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The town where local NAACP
President Robert Williams

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created headlines
when he said,

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\"Sometimes, violence
must be met with violence.\"

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Many asked, \"Why?\"

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Because some of the people
who had thought

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that it would be better

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to settle these cases
violently,

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I had been able
to persuade them

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that we should use the courts
and go into the courts,

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so this thing had,
uh, had boomeranged,

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and I was being held
responsible

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for having brought
these cases to court.

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There was a trial
where a Negro maid

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had been kicked down
a flight stairs

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by a white man,

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and that this man
hadn\'\'t even bothered

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to come to his own trial

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and that he had also
been acquitted.

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And there was a demonstration
as a result of this

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in the courtroom

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by the Negro women
of the community.

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And they had approached me
and had said,

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\"Well, you said
that you would see

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that these people
would be punished,

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because through
the organization,

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we would have
competent counsel,

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and that if it hadn\'\'t
been for you,

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that these people
would have been punished.\"

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And they wanted to know
what I would recommend

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that they do from then on.

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And so, I recommended

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that they meet violence
with violence,

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that Negroes must be prepared
to repulse attacks,

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that they must be
willing to fight,

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that they must be
willing to die

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and to kill, if necessary,

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that there was no law
under the 14th Amendment

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to the United States
Constitution

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of equal protection
in the South,

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and that, therefore,

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they didn\'\'t have
any deterrent,

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so they would have to create

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the deterrent force
themselves

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by meeting violence
with violence.

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Nightmares are not
the sole property

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of Southern sleepers.

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This is Brooklyn, New York,

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where headlines tell
of repeated incidents

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of police brutality.

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Perhaps I\'\'m not
the right person

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to talk about this case,

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but I feel it so deeply
and so closely

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that I\'\'ll not rest
until somebody pays

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for the death of Al Garrett
were he my brother.

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The thing...

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I\'\'m angry about
a number of things,

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not only about Edward Silver,

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the district attorney
of this county,

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who has thus far failed
to arrest the policeman

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who shot him to death,

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but I\'\'m angry with
a lot of my Negro brethren

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who don\'\'t even get angry
about the fact

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that a poor man lies dead
in his grave tonight!

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Attorney Thomas Russell Jones
deplores the slaying.

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He was killed as a result
of a policeman\'\'s bullets

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fired at him
while he was in custody

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in the 79th Precinct
on Gates Avenue.

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This man who had not even
committed any crime,

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he failed to put a bottle
or trash in a can,

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and this trigger-happy cop
took him in,

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marched him
into the police station,

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and there is some testimony

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that as Al Garrett
was being marched

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to the police station,

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he suddenly put up
his hands and said,

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\"Oh, you\'\'re not
gonna do that to me,\"

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and marched, holding his hands
all the way to the precinct.

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Anybody who\'\'s been
a Negro for long

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knows what that means.

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Any man here in this room
knows what you do

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while you do a thing
like that.

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Greenville, South Carolina.

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♪

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In this church,
whose pastor is J.S. Hall,

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a group protests the treatment

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accorded Jackie Robinson
at the local airport.

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♪

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Local NAACP President
A.J. Wittenberg

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describes the incident.

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The manager of this airport

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told them that

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this was not the waiting room
for Negroes,

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that the one around the back,
at the side.

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Mr. Robinson came
and told them

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that he was
an interstate passenger,

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that--that segregation
was unlawful.

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Then, he summons
the policeman

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and told the policeman,
\"If these Negroes sit down,

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arrest them.\"

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Mr. Robinson said
to this manager,

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he said that,
\"If I sit down,

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will you really arrest me

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and I\'\'m an interstate
passenger?\"

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He really said, \"Yes.\"

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He said, \"You\'\'re a Negro,
aren\'\'t you?\"

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♪ Walk together, children ♪

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♪ Don\'\'t you get weary ♪

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♪ Walk together, children ♪

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They are marching
on the airport.

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♪ Walk together, children ♪

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♪ Don\'\'t you get weary ♪

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♪ There\'\'s a great camp meeting
in the Promised Land ♪

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♪ Going to mourn
and never tire ♪

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♪ Mourn and never tire ♪

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Words of protest
are read there

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as a group remains outside,
singing.

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♪

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♪ There\'\'s a great camp meeting
in the Promised Land ♪

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♪ Walk together, children ♪

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Kids march in the streets

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of the nation\'\'s capital,

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petitioning for
integrated schools.

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♪ Walk together, children ♪

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♪

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(shouting)

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♪

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♪

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Congressman Charles Diggs
of Detroit

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gathers the petitions.

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♪

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A voice from Africa...

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Our struggle...

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...Tom Mboya of Kenya.

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A human struggle.

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The struggle in Africa
is one for

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nothing less and nothing more

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than the eradication
of poverty,

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disease, and ignorance.

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And in this context,
you and ourselves

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are all engaged
in the same struggle

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that can aptly be summarized

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in terms of the struggle
for political freedom,

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for economic opportunity,
and for human dignity.

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This is my message to you.

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And I and millions
of other people

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join you today in solidarity

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for the success
of the struggle

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in which we are all involved.

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Thank you.

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A voice from America...

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Martin Luther King.

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As I stand here

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and look out upon
the thousands of Negro faces

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and the thousands
of white faces

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intermingle like the waters
of a river,

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I see only one face

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and that is the face
of the future.

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(cheering)

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(cheering)

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Yes, as I gaze upon this
great historic assembly,

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this unprecedented gathering
of young people,

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I cannot help thinking
that a hundred years from now,

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the historians
will be calling this

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not the Beat Generation

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but the generation
of integration.

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(cheering)

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And Bayard Rustin.

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On October 25th,

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we came here 10,000 strong

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and we didn\'\'t see anybody!

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We said we would come again

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and again and again.

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We doubled the number,

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and this time,

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we got into the White House!

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My friends, that is
the most important meeting

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of today\'\'s session!

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That we acted,

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black and white together!

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Old and young, but mostly
much younger than I am,

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and you have done your job,
you have won your victory,

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and you can go back home
and tell everybody

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that you\'\'ve come home
with a victory

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of having had more
young people your own age

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speak to the power
of this nation

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in the White House...

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This is a victory,
and the dawn is dimly seen...

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...only dimly.

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This is not Montgomery,
nor Monroe.

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This is Glendale, Queens,
in the city of New York.

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♪

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A Negro mother speaks.

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In order to get
a better education

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for our children,

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\'\'cause we, we\'\'re ready,
willing, and anxious

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to go to other schools.

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We had been asked
that the parents

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not go to Glendale
because of the tension

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from the parents in Glendale.

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The schools to which
we were going,

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the parents of those schools
did not want

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our children there.

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Children from
Bedford-Stuyvesant\'\'s

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overcrowded schools
were being transferred

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to the spacious ones
in Glendale.

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Some of the parents did not
send their children.

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However, the ones
that were anxious

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for their children
to get a good education,

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they didn\'\'t fear anything

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because when you are anxious
to achieve something,

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you forget about fear.

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A reporter interviews
some of the picketing mothers.

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Do your children go
to this school, ma\'\'am?

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No, they don\'\'t,
they go to a religious school

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-not far away.
-Uh-huh, well,

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what is the reason
for your presence

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on the picket line today?

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I believe the children
of Bedford-Stuyvesant area

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deserve their own school.

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They shouldn\'\'t
have to be bused

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and used as pawns
by politicians.

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-You, ma\'\'am, how many...
-Two.

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-You have two children.
-Mm-hm.

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Are you going
to keep them out?

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I couldn\'\'t say that right now.

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Did you keep them out today?

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-Yes.
-What was the reason?

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I\'\'m protesting
the school transfer,

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because they\'\'re bypassing
underutilized schools.

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There\'\'s other schools they can
put these children in,

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so there\'\'s no reason
for this transfer.

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Well, do you feel
there are other schools

00:14:30.033 --> 00:14:31.467
-in their own neighborhood?
-That\'\'s right.

00:14:31.467 --> 00:14:34.600
These children shouldn\'\'t be
shipped three, four miles.

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Is there any hint
of segregation

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in this present protest?

00:14:40.100 --> 00:14:42.667
No, no, definitely not.

00:14:42.667 --> 00:14:52.233
♪

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This is a Southern city

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where department stores
refuse lunch counter service

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to Negro students.

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♪

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Warnings of arrest,

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threats of jail terms
and violence

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all fail to put out
what burns in the hearts

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and minds of the youngsters.

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♪

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If we can get--this is
all we want.

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If the public sit-in
is genuine

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and those people stop spending
their dollars in there,

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let them feel
the hard economical hurt.

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If you don\'\'t leave, I\'\'d have
to have a warrant issued

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for your arrest
and charge you trespassing.

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I told you
you\'\'re not welcome

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in the store, all right?

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Charged with
criminal trespassing.

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I\'\'ll be right back with
a warrant in just a minute.

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Is that your purse?

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Sir, will you leave
the store?

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You will not leave the store?

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You know I have to issue
a warrant for your arrest

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if you don\'\'t leave.

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Is that right?

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-Do you understand that?
-Yeah.

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Please stay out of this,
I\'\'m talking to her.

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We\'\'d like to avoid trouble.

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(unintelligible)
cannot block these aisles.

00:16:16.500 --> 00:16:19.500
(unintelligible)

00:16:22.133 --> 00:16:25.500
(unintelligible crosstalk)

00:16:25.500 --> 00:16:28.533
We\'\'re not havin\'\' the trouble
with anybody but you.

00:16:28.533 --> 00:16:31.467
I\'\'m gonna charge you
with trespassing.

00:16:31.467 --> 00:16:33.667
But I have the right
to be here.

00:16:33.667 --> 00:16:36.367
Okay, okay, man.

00:16:39.567 --> 00:16:42.066
(unintelligible)

00:16:42.066 --> 00:16:45.033
(laughing)

00:16:48.100 --> 00:16:51.133
(horn honking)

00:16:54.266 --> 00:16:59.266
♪ We shall overcome ♪

00:16:59.266 --> 00:16:59.667
♪

00:16:59.667 --> 00:17:04.533
♪ We shall overcome ♪

00:17:04.533 --> 00:17:05.433
♪

00:17:05.433 --> 00:17:09.734
♪ We shall overcome ♪

00:17:09.734 --> 00:17:15.033
♪ Someday ♪

00:17:15.033 --> 00:17:20.233
♪ Deep in my heart ♪

00:17:20.233 --> 00:17:25.133
♪ I do believe ♪

00:17:25.133 --> 00:17:30.100
♪ We shall overcome

00:17:30.100 --> 00:17:33.533
someday ♪

00:17:34.600 --> 00:17:39.033
(dog barking)

00:17:42.633 --> 00:17:45.166
(dog barking)

00:17:45.166 --> 00:17:49.333
(shouting)

00:17:57.300 --> 00:18:00.667
♪ We\'\'ll be all right ♪

00:18:00.667 --> 00:18:01.300
♪

00:18:01.300 --> 00:18:05.166
♪ We\'\'ll be all right ♪

00:18:05.166 --> 00:18:06.000
♪

00:18:06.000 --> 00:18:09.700
♪ We\'\'ll be all right

00:18:09.700 --> 00:18:14.533
someday ♪

00:18:14.533 --> 00:18:19.300
♪ Deep in my heart ♪

00:18:19.300 --> 00:18:22.266
♪ I do believe ♪

00:18:22.266 --> 00:18:26.734
♪ That we\'\'ll be all right ♪

00:18:26.734 --> 00:18:29.567
They call us heathens,
they call us animals.

00:18:29.567 --> 00:18:32.266
I mean, they ridicule us
everywhere they go,

00:18:32.266 --> 00:18:34.133
they ridicule us, see?

00:18:34.133 --> 00:18:37.033
It\'\'s envy,
we\'\'ve come a long way

00:18:37.033 --> 00:18:38.633
with nothing, see?

00:18:38.633 --> 00:18:41.200
We get the half the salary
another man is getting,

00:18:41.200 --> 00:18:43.233
the same job
but half the salary.

00:18:43.233 --> 00:18:45.633
(cheering)

00:18:45.633 --> 00:18:48.600
(applause)

00:18:50.500 --> 00:18:53.467
(cheering)

00:18:55.667 --> 00:18:57.700
And that means--that means
a whole lot,

00:18:57.700 --> 00:19:00.367
to know that you aren\'\'t
in some mud hole

00:19:00.367 --> 00:19:01.433
trying to fight for something

00:19:01.433 --> 00:19:03.033
and nobody else
gives a damn,

00:19:03.033 --> 00:19:05.133
but that every--
that your fellow--

00:19:05.133 --> 00:19:06.767
your fellow Negroes
are with you,

00:19:06.767 --> 00:19:07.767
and that means an awful lot

00:19:07.767 --> 00:19:12.100
to anyone fighting
for something, for an idea.

00:19:13.266 --> 00:19:15.467
(shouting)

00:19:15.467 --> 00:19:16.667
I might be going
out on a limb,

00:19:16.667 --> 00:19:19.633
but I do believe
there is a lot of respect

00:19:19.633 --> 00:19:20.633
for this movement.

00:19:20.633 --> 00:19:23.166
♪ We\'\'ll go hand in hand ♪

00:19:23.166 --> 00:19:28.266
Hunter College students,
sympathetic to the sit-ins,

00:19:28.266 --> 00:19:33.300
rally around NAACP
official Jim Farmer...

00:19:33.300 --> 00:19:37.633
♪ Someday ♪

00:19:37.633 --> 00:19:42.266
♪ Deep in my heart ♪

00:19:42.266 --> 00:19:45.433
...and Jackie Robinson...

00:19:45.433 --> 00:19:47.633
♪ We\'\'ll go hand in hand ♪

00:19:47.633 --> 00:19:51.433
...and tomorrow\'\'s victory.

00:19:51.433 --> 00:19:54.667
♪ Truth shall make us free ♪

00:19:54.667 --> 00:19:55.266
♪

00:19:55.266 --> 00:19:58.300
♪ Truth shall make us free ♪

00:19:58.300 --> 00:20:06.000
♪ Truth shall make us free
someday ♪

00:20:06.000 --> 00:20:09.467
♪ Deep in my heart ♪

00:20:09.467 --> 00:20:12.200
♪ I do believe ♪

00:20:12.200 --> 00:20:18.667
♪ Truth shall make us free
someday ♪

00:20:18.667 --> 00:20:19.467
♪

00:20:19.467 --> 00:20:22.700
♪ We shall overcome ♪

00:20:22.700 --> 00:20:26.266
♪ We shall
overcome ♪

00:20:26.266 --> 00:20:33.367
♪ We shall overcome someday ♪

00:20:33.367 --> 00:20:37.100
♪ Deep in my heart ♪

00:20:37.100 --> 00:20:40.100
♪ I do believe ♪

00:20:40.100 --> 00:20:46.133
♪ We shall overcome someday ♪

00:20:46.133 --> 00:20:50.667
♪