WEBVTT

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The brutal Burmese military operation
against Rohingya Muslims

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is at risk of spiralling into
an ethnic cleansing campaign.

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The UN says almost 150,000 Rohingyas

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have fled the country
since the military operation began.

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The entire area has been burned out.
The residents are evidently all gone.

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(crackling fire)

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These satellite images from Human Rights
Watch show the extent of the destruction.

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It shows that the government of Burma
does not have the situation under control.

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Nobel Peace Prize laureate,
Aung San Suu Kyi, is facing

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mounting criticism
for her handling of the violence.

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The situation remains
a textbook example of ethnic cleansing.

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We\'re in Burma, where
a historic tragedy has just unfolded.

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An ethnic cleansing
committed by a military regime

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and ignored by the world\'s
most praised democracy icon.

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Let me take you back
to where it all began.

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For 50 years, Burma was held
in a tight grip by a military dictatorship.

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The world and the people put
all their hopes in one woman.

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Aung San Suu Kyi. She was kept
in house arrest for nearly 20 years

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but never gave up
her quest for democracy.

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The military was heavily sanctioned
and isolated from the world.

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They wanted to befriend the West

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but knew that the West
only accepted one currency.

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Democracy.

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So they announced a road map
that would lead to democratic elections

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and to prove their intent
they released their enemy number one.

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(people talking in the background)

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(sirens)

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(bell ringing)

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The most prominent of the military
generals took off their green uniforms

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and put on
the white, civilian outfits.

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Many generals stayed in uniform,

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but the country was now to be governed
by the leaders in white.

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I never expected to become president
or ever dreamed of becoming one.

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After I became president, as head of
the government, I selected the cabinet.

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Most of the ministers I chose were
from the previous military government.

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Most are well educated
and experienced in what they do.

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But neither they nor I had any idea
of how to transition into democracy.

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We had been living without democracy
for more than 50 years.

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Institutions in those days were
aligned to the military regime.

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We had no idea about how to rebuild
the institutions. It was very difficult.

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We were thinking,
\"This will be so difficult

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with the military regime
and democratic government.\"

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It\'s so different,
a 180 degree turn.

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From the top to the bottom,
you obeyed orders.

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That is a different style.

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(sounds of clapping)

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When President Thein Sein
came to power,

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I was asked to take responsibility
for the political reform.

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And from that time onwards,
I became deeply involved.

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Democracy is ruled by the people,
it\'s for the people.

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And the government has to act

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in accordance with
the desire of the people.

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Whether it is right or wrong.

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(sound of gate opening)

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(sound of printing machine)

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Before 2010, the country was ruled
by military dictators.

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The result, as they know themselves,
was widespread poverty.

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A failed state, restrictions and
sanctions imposed by Western countries.

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And a lot of other issues.

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But their intention wasn\'t to pursue
democratic principles.

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Rather, the constitution helps them
prolong the military rule with reforms.

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Reforms that help strengthen
good relations with Western countries.

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(people talking in the background)

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If we think back to the situation, even
in the early 90\'s, this was a country

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which had sanctioned itself. A military
regime that had isolated itself

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and was in some ways quite happy
in isolation for a quarter of a century.

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If they really wanted to reform
the bureaucracy, to change the mentality,

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they needed help and exposure to the
West and the international community.

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And help from
the international financial institutions,

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like the World Bank,
the IMF and ADB.

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And so, because the government
had a very different agenda

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than the military regime before, lifting
sanctions suddenly became a priority.

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(sound of chair being dragged)

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Top generals in the military
were fully aware

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that no military rule in any country is
accepted by the international community.

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So the military knew that it would have
to hand power to a civilian government.

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(sound of chair being dragged)

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From the Western countries\'
point of view,

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military coups and a military playing
a vital role in politics are unacceptable.

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In the last 20 years,
we\'ve lived under very strict sanctions.

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Politically,
diplomatically, economically.

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(sounds of photos being taken)

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The president understands,

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that without the participation of
Aung San Suu Kyi in the political process

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we cannot integrate
with the international community.

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Between Aung San Suu Kyi
and the military government,

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there is quite a difference of ideas.

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So some made a remark
behind the president\'s back,

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saying that he\'s trying to give
life back to the already dead tiger.

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As a few empty seats in Parliament
have to be filled

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the leaders in white let Aung San Suu
Kyi participate in bi-elections.

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The elections were symbolic
and the stakes were small.

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With only 8% of seats contested,
it brought with it little power.

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But this was a way of getting inside.

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Pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi has
taken her place in Myanmar\'s Parliament,

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ushering in a new political era
after years of military dictatorship.

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The Nobel Peace laureate and
other newly elected members of her party

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pledged to safeguard the constitution.

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It\'s quite a change for a woman

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who has been incarcerated
most of the last 20 years.

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(sounds of photos being taken)

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So when we arrived at the Parliament,
there was a lot of media.

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I told them: \"Hey, rebels are coming,
rebels are coming.\"

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Well, actually we are rebels, because we
have struggled for nearly three decades.

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(speaking in Burmese)

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And they regarded us as above
ground insurgents. Not underground.

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Aung San Suu Kyi and her party
only hold 8% of seats in Parliament,

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so at first glance,
they don\'t seem to have much leverage.

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(speaking in Burmese)

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I swear to respect the constitution.

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(speaking in Burmese)

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Our objective was
to continue our struggle

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based on our political principles.

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And to get a truly democratic state.

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I have tremendous good will
towards the military.

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It doesn\'t bother me to sit with them.
I\'m pleased to sit together with them.

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But you would like either to reduce
their presence or not have them here?

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We would like our Parliament to be
in line with genuine democratic values.

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It\'s not because we want
to remove anybody as such.

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Lack of confidence... If you have
to pinpoint the greatest weakness

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that\'s it, lack of trust and confidence.
Nobody trusts anybody.

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This is a result of years and years
of dictatorship.

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You always have to be careful, you don\'t
know who is informing on whom.

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This lack of trust has seeped into
our very bones, in a sense.

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So this does not help
to bring about reconciliation.

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While the leaders in white
continued their efforts,

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the devil was in the detail.

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The military had written a constitution,

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in which they had set out
their rules for democracy.

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It had become their most sacred book.

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It stated that none of the generals could
ever be prosecuted for sins of the past.

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(yelling of orders)

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Nor could any civilian government
ever rule over the military.

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And they would keep security,
border and defence within their power.

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(yelling of orders)

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A quarter of the seats in Parliament
were reserved for the military

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to ensure that the book itself could
never be changed without their will.

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It is our main responsibility
to protect the constitution.

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According to
the Constitution of Myanmar,

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the military\'s primary duty
is to protect and uphold

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the Constitutional Law of Myanmar.

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Oh, and one last detail
put in the book:

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Aung San Suu Kyi could never become
the country\'s president.

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The military sees
Aung San Sui Kyi as their enemy.

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They don\'t trust her at all.

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So to prevent her
from ever becoming president,

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they put the clause 59(f)
into the constitution,

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specifically to prevent Aung San Suu Kyi
from becoming president.

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I think one has to accept that there
are some elements at the military,

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who think that they are the only ones
capable of keeping the country together.

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This is not surprising, because
they were in power for more than 50...

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They still are, in a sense, in power,
because of the constitution.

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The first military coup that established
the long-term military rule in Burma

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took place in 1962. So if you
count it from then, it\'s over 50 years.

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After 50 years at the helm, it\'s not
surprising, they got used to thinking

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they were the only ones capable
of keeping the country together.

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(sounds of photos being taken)

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(people talking in the background)

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Now there is a new generation

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that is yelling and demanding:
\"You are our mother.\"

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\"We have no hope for our future.\"

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\"So please be our saviour.\"

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She has the ability

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to become an esteemed leader.

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She has clearly declared: \"I want to
be president. I will be the president.\"

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She was very clear about that.

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But, when you talk about clause 59(f),
the most important part is the (f).

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It simply bars Aung San Suu Kyi
of ever becoming president.

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As the book couldn\'t be touched
by anyone but the military,

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Aung San Suu Kyi saw only one way
of becoming the country\'s president:

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To talk directly to them and
convince them to remove the clause.

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But nobody seemed interested
in such talks.

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Only one man
was willing to listen to her.

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(talking in Burmese)

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(hammering)

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Once the third-highest ranking general
in the entire military dictatorship,

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Shwe Mann had expected to become
the president in the new democratic era.

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But when appointments were made
by the outgoing dictator in 2010,

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he was bypassed when
the grand posts were handed out.

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Shwe Mann was only given the position
as Speaker of Parliament,

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and not even included
in the president\'s cabinet.

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(speaking in Burmese)

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The attempt to side-line
an ambitious man should turn out

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to cause unexpected troubles
for the leaders in white.

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The enemy of your enemy
is your friend.

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I think that\'s what happened.

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He is a very smooth operator.

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He is a politician.

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His colluding with her and the NLD
did severe damage to our party.

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(sounds of photos being taken)

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He is thinking of
his personal agenda.

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He is thinking of those days when
he thought he would become president.

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(sounds of photos being taken
and talking in Burmese)

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But up until now, Aung San Suu Kyi
has had very little knowledge

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of how the government system works.

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And what happened in the last 20 years
on the military and government side.

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So I think,
whether she liked it or not,

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she needed someone who could share
their knowledge and give advice.

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She\'s planning how to play

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with these strong people
in the military.

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(sounds of photos being taken
and talking in Burmese)

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I think that she thinks that
it will be workable with Shwe Mann.

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But in politics, there are no friends
and no enemies.

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Sometimes you are friends,
sometimes you are enemies.

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Sometimes hostility,
and sometimes friendship.

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Aung San Suu Kyi thinks

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that Shwe Mann will be able to amend
the constitution and the 59(f).

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Because to amend it you need
at least one vote from the military.

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So she thinks that Shwe Mann
can deliver the result.

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Shwe Mann agreed

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to discuss a motion in the Parliament
for the amendment of the constitution.

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We have already set up a committee
to amend the constitution.

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They are now observing
and analysing the constitution.

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To amend 59(f) in the constitution...

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You\'ll need the vote
of 75% plus one.

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And the army holds
25% of the seats in the Parliament.

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It is impossible!
75% plus the military\'s 25%.

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We know that it is impossible.

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He pretends to do that.
I support you, I support you...

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(sounds of photos being taken)

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The rumour was that Aung San Suu Kyi
would eventually make him president.

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He knew that amending
the constitution was impossible,

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but it would buy her loyalty.

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In the event of
a future election victory,

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Aung San Suu Kyi
would nominate the president.

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Even if she couldn\'t become one herself.

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The Union Parliament continued
its session in Naypyidaw on Thursday.

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Members of the Parliament continued
to discuss a section of the bill,

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amending the constitution of
the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

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He spent 40 years in the military
together with us.

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(people talking in the background)

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He betrayed the military. So no one
in the military would accept that.

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The amendment bill was not enacted.

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Parliament Speaker Shwe Mann
told the legislator,

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after the 388 votes
in favour of change

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fell below the threshold of
75% of lawmakers needed for it to pass.

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(sound of a motorbike)

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But things didn\'t turn out his way.

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Having betrayed the military, he never
got the chance to run for the presidency.

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When we arrived at the party office
around midnight last night

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we saw many police cars circling
the neighbourhood.

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There was tight security at
the military party\'s headquarters.

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Activities continued all night, and many
were entering and exiting at midnight.

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The head of Myanmar\'s powerful
ruling party has been ousted.

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Shwe Mann,
who is also the Speaker of Parliament,

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is said to be effectively
under some form of house arrest.

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Conservative forces
strongly linked to the military

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appear to have made their move,
by replacing him.

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I wasn\'t the one in charge of that.

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Some of the leaders from the party
did that

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and made some changes
in the party.

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Beforehand, some of the leaders
from the party sent me a letter,

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saying that they needed
to do something like that.

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I think it was done on 12 August.

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Overnight, they had stripped him
of his party duties.

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(sound of a motorbike)

00:23:24.720 --> 00:23:31.520
You know who did that? Although I don\'t
know who ordered that transfer of power

00:23:31.680 --> 00:23:34.920
my assumption is that
the Old Man...

00:23:35.080 --> 00:23:39.920
Senior General Than Shwe,
is still influential.

00:23:40.080 --> 00:23:44.720
Nobody else would think about
this leadership change.

00:23:44.880 --> 00:23:47.240
Only he can give that kind of order.

00:23:47.400 --> 00:23:57.680
(sounds of traffic)

00:23:57.840 --> 00:24:02.160
(sound of a car)

00:24:03.720 --> 00:24:08.320
Behind the scenes, the Old Man
was still pulling the strings.

00:24:10.760 --> 00:24:15.680
He had ruled the country with
an iron fist for two decades.

00:24:15.840 --> 00:24:20.000
(sounds of photos being taken)

00:24:21.320 --> 00:24:27.360
It was him that had put the sacred book
in place and ordered democracy

00:24:27.520 --> 00:24:30.120
and was now watching that
every move was conducted

00:24:30.280 --> 00:24:34.200
in accordance with the script.

00:24:34.360 --> 00:24:38.080
The day he stepped down,
he divided his power in two,

00:24:38.240 --> 00:24:44.160
appointing a civilian president
and a commander of the army.

00:24:44.320 --> 00:24:47.440
(yelling of orders)

00:24:47.600 --> 00:24:50.360
Aung Hlaing was chosen to lead the army,

00:24:50.520 --> 00:24:54.800
because the Old Man checked
his astrology.

00:24:55.800 --> 00:24:59.280
That\'s why he became
commander of the army.

00:24:59.440 --> 00:25:02.880
Not his military professionalism.

00:25:03.040 --> 00:25:07.160
His stars were at the top.

00:25:08.320 --> 00:25:11.240
As the spiritual guardians
of the country,

00:25:11.400 --> 00:25:15.960
the monks and the astrologers had
always had a powerful role in society

00:25:16.120 --> 00:25:21.200
and a vital say
in all aspects of Burmese life.

00:25:29.960 --> 00:25:35.480
The Old Man\'s biggest fear was the
woman that had always been in his way.

00:25:36.800 --> 00:25:41.280
Even with her in house arrest
had he engaged four astrologers

00:25:41.440 --> 00:25:45.720
to foresee any threat
that could come from her side.

00:25:48.520 --> 00:25:50.800
While the country was holding
its breath

00:25:50.960 --> 00:25:54.440
anxiously awaiting
the promised elections

00:25:54.600 --> 00:25:57.400
it all depended on one man\'s will.

00:25:58.720 --> 00:26:03.080
With the traitor ousted,
and 59(f) securely in place,

00:26:03.240 --> 00:26:06.800
he finally allowed
free and fair elections to go ahead.

00:26:06.960 --> 00:26:10.840
They chose the election date:
November 8th, 2015.

00:26:11.000 --> 00:26:14.520
One of the top astrologers advised them:

00:26:14.680 --> 00:26:20.480
\"If it takes place on 8 November 2015,
you will win a landslide victory.\"

00:26:20.640 --> 00:26:27.040
(traffic noise
and people talking in the background)

00:26:27.200 --> 00:26:30.920
(people talking in the background)

00:26:31.080 --> 00:26:35.920
(speaking in Burmese)

00:26:43.880 --> 00:26:48.120
(sounds of demonstration)

00:26:48.280 --> 00:26:51.400
(speaking in Burmese)

00:26:51.560 --> 00:26:54.680
(people cheering
and sounds of clapping)

00:26:54.840 --> 00:27:01.080
(people cheering
and sounds of clapping)

00:27:01.240 --> 00:27:04.720
At that time, the surveys
of the whole country said

00:27:04.880 --> 00:27:07.880
that they would win, handsomely.

00:27:10.280 --> 00:27:13.480
We are 100% confident of winning.

00:27:13.640 --> 00:27:20.160
But of course,
we will only know after polling.

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:40.040
But as you know,
the result was quite the opposite.

00:27:41.240 --> 00:27:45.160
By dusk, results were coming in
thick and fast.

00:27:45.320 --> 00:27:49.600
In one big city,
they captured 100% of votes.

00:27:49.760 --> 00:27:51.120
(sounds of cheering)

00:27:51.280 --> 00:27:54.040
The Party of the Fighting Peacock.

00:27:54.200 --> 00:27:56.000
(sounds of cheering)

00:27:56.160 --> 00:28:01.240
Aung San Suu Kyi and the people
of Myanmar have waited 25 years

00:28:01.400 --> 00:28:05.440
and the NLD, The National League
for Democracy, her party,

00:28:05.600 --> 00:28:10.520
has won a crucial majority
to get to this point today.

00:28:10.680 --> 00:28:13.960
One of their top astrologers
advised them,

00:28:14.120 --> 00:28:16.760
but sometimes they are totally wrong.

00:28:16.920 --> 00:28:19.160
After losing the election,

00:28:19.320 --> 00:28:24.160
he went to a village and shaved
his head and became a monk.

00:28:24.320 --> 00:28:29.680
(sounds of cheering)

00:28:29.840 --> 00:28:31.920
(sounds of photos being taken)

00:28:32.080 --> 00:28:38.280
The leaders in white stepped down and
let Aung San Suu Kyi take their place.

00:28:40.080 --> 00:28:45.800
From now on, she\'d have to co-operate
directly with the commander of the army.

00:28:45.960 --> 00:28:49.720
The military in its true colours.

00:28:55.960 --> 00:29:01.480
With the election victory
new colours filled the Parliament.

00:29:01.640 --> 00:29:06.000
Aung San Suu Kyi could lead her party
that now held a ruling majority,

00:29:06.160 --> 00:29:09.200
but could never become president.

00:29:10.920 --> 00:29:13.160
They would be sitting
next to the military

00:29:13.320 --> 00:29:20.240
who stayed to guard the book and
kept key ministries within their power.

00:29:20.400 --> 00:29:23.440
It seemed that despite
decades of struggle

00:29:23.600 --> 00:29:27.920
she would be tied to them
in ruling the kingdom.

00:29:29.320 --> 00:29:33.960
But then, they had always
been bound together.

00:29:52.320 --> 00:29:57.520
In the 1940s, General Aung San led
the fight for Burma\'s independence

00:29:57.680 --> 00:30:01.160
against the British colonial powers.

00:30:04.520 --> 00:30:07.320
The country needed unity and strength

00:30:07.480 --> 00:30:13.080
to gather on the inside and
to protect itself on the outside.

00:30:13.240 --> 00:30:16.920
But it was no easy task.

00:30:17.080 --> 00:30:20.600
Because the country was rich and varied.

00:30:20.760 --> 00:30:26.560
It had rivers and
mountainous areas, hills and jungles.

00:30:26.720 --> 00:30:30.960
And a number of ethnic
and religious people:

00:30:31.120 --> 00:30:37.400
Karen, Karenni, Chin, Kachin,
Shan, Mon, Rakhine.

00:30:38.320 --> 00:30:41.440
Aung San proposed to unite
all the country\'s people,

00:30:41.600 --> 00:30:45.040
and founded
Burma\'s Independence Army.

00:30:45.200 --> 00:30:50.800
By standing together, they could get
the British out. And he succeeded.

00:30:50.960 --> 00:30:54.600
It was at an early hour, specially
chosen by Burmese astrologers,

00:30:54.760 --> 00:30:58.880
that Rangoon marked Burma\'s
full assumption of independence.

00:30:59.040 --> 00:31:02.800
In place of the Union Jack,
the Burmese national flag was hoisted.

00:31:07.120 --> 00:31:13.000
Shortly after, Aung San was brutally
assassinated by political rivals.

00:31:15.600 --> 00:31:22.000
Wars broke out with the ethnic people.
The people lost their founding father,

00:31:22.160 --> 00:31:24.960
but he had left them a military

00:31:25.120 --> 00:31:27.760
and a daughter.

00:31:31.160 --> 00:31:34.160
She always mentioned
that she was brought up

00:31:34.320 --> 00:31:39.160
in the hands of
the officers around her father.

00:31:39.320 --> 00:31:43.320
She had an affection
for whomever was in the army.

00:31:43.480 --> 00:31:48.240
But they still do not accept
the role of Aung San Suu Kyi.

00:31:48.400 --> 00:31:51.360
It\'s a personal grudge.

00:31:51.520 --> 00:31:58.160
Since the independence,
when her father was assassinated

00:31:58.320 --> 00:32:05.000
it was a known fact that
he\'s the architect of our independence.

00:32:05.160 --> 00:32:08.840
He is the founder of the Burma Army.

00:32:11.880 --> 00:32:16.680
So they were the sons or grandsons
of General Aung San.

00:32:16.840 --> 00:32:20.280
And then when
the military government took over,

00:32:20.440 --> 00:32:23.480
army is the father,
army is the mother.

00:32:23.640 --> 00:32:31.040
(sounds of traffic)

00:32:31.200 --> 00:32:37.480
For now they would share the kingdom and
were tied together as brother and sister.

00:32:37.640 --> 00:32:43.040
But she wasn\'t going to give up her plan
to unseat the military from the palace.

00:32:43.200 --> 00:32:48.240
After all, she was the true heir
to the throne.

00:32:51.800 --> 00:32:54.840
The constitution bars her
from becoming the president,

00:32:55.000 --> 00:33:00.520
but today she threw down the gauntlet
to the Myanmar military.

00:33:00.680 --> 00:33:02.280
(speaking in Burmese)

00:33:02.440 --> 00:33:07.560
The constitution says nothing about
somebody being above the president.

00:33:07.720 --> 00:33:10.080
I am going to be above the president.

00:33:10.240 --> 00:33:13.800
- How?
- I have already made plans.

00:33:13.960 --> 00:33:15.960
Thank you very much.

00:33:16.120 --> 00:33:17.160
(sounds of clapping)

00:33:17.320 --> 00:33:19.960
Quite what she intends isn\'t clear,

00:33:20.120 --> 00:33:26.160
but the constitution, she said, would
not present an impossible obstacle.

00:33:26.320 --> 00:33:30.560
Despite the military\'s resistance,

00:33:30.720 --> 00:33:36.800
the State Counsellor Law
was passed by a majority vote today.

00:33:36.960 --> 00:33:42.200
The military stood in protest,
but the law was passed.

00:33:47.080 --> 00:33:53.000
Being State Counsellor means that
the president and all the departments

00:33:53.160 --> 00:33:57.920
will be under her control.
It\'s a very wise step, you see.

00:33:58.080 --> 00:34:02.520
And they accused us of,
what was it...

00:34:02.680 --> 00:34:06.120
Democratic dictatorship.

00:34:06.280 --> 00:34:10.400
Bravo!
I like that terminology.

00:34:10.560 --> 00:34:16.000
Being State Counsellor means
that she controls every ministry.

00:34:16.160 --> 00:34:22.320
She\'s like a tiger or a bull. If she
has an idea, she will never let it go.

00:34:22.480 --> 00:34:23.880
(laughing)

00:34:24.880 --> 00:34:27.480
It started with the lawyer, Ko Ni.

00:34:27.640 --> 00:34:32.960
Because he is an expert
in constitutional literature.

00:34:33.120 --> 00:34:39.320
So he leafed through all the articles
and he found one loophole.

00:34:39.480 --> 00:34:45.120
That the president can create a position
for anybody and give any status.

00:34:46.240 --> 00:34:52.960
The most important and the first thing we
need to do is to change the constitution.

00:35:05.720 --> 00:35:10.560
I\'ll make all the decisions.
If I\'m required to field a president

00:35:10.720 --> 00:35:16.960
who meets the requirements
of section 59(f), we\'ll find one.

00:35:29.360 --> 00:35:35.400
This president will carry out
whatever wish Aung San Suu Kyi has.

00:35:37.840 --> 00:35:43.360
And even the president...
He is her school mate.

00:35:43.520 --> 00:35:47.880
A very simple,
a soft man, soft-spoken...

00:35:52.720 --> 00:35:59.720
The president will carry out everything
that comply with her desire.

00:35:59.880 --> 00:36:04.680
So she can do everything now,
more than the president.

00:36:04.840 --> 00:36:08.520
Now she can handle everything.

00:36:08.680 --> 00:36:11.800
So that is why
we made a clever move,

00:36:11.960 --> 00:36:18.880
so that Aung San Suu Kyi
is able to carry out all of the powers.

00:36:19.040 --> 00:36:25.400
And we have a majority of the vote
in the Parliament. So we won.

00:36:32.960 --> 00:36:36.640
Actually,
she didn\'t have all the power.

00:36:36.800 --> 00:36:41.400
While she had learned the game well
and played by the rules,

00:36:41.560 --> 00:36:47.640
the military hadn\'t left the stage.
And they responded with their language:

00:36:47.800 --> 00:36:48.760
(gunshot)

00:36:48.920 --> 00:36:51.400
Violence.

00:36:51.560 --> 00:36:59.680
(screaming and sirens)

00:36:59.840 --> 00:37:04.040
On Sunday afternoon,
Myanmar state-run news, MRTV, reported

00:37:04.200 --> 00:37:07.920
that one of the government
legal advisors to Aung San Suu Kyi

00:37:08.080 --> 00:37:10.600
was shot and killed by a sole gunman.

00:37:10.760 --> 00:37:13.240
Police have a suspect in custody.

00:37:13.400 --> 00:37:16.920
Ko Ni was shot dead
at Yangon International Airport

00:37:17.080 --> 00:37:19.680
while holding his young grandchild.

00:37:21.160 --> 00:37:24.760
Despite many unanswered questions
regarding the murder of Ko Ni,

00:37:24.920 --> 00:37:27.320
many here in Myanmar
see it as a sign

00:37:27.480 --> 00:37:32.080
the government of Aung San Suu Kyi has
yet to firmly establish the rule of law.

00:37:32.240 --> 00:37:35.200
The murder is also seen
as a warning to those

00:37:35.360 --> 00:37:38.440
who want to reduce
the power of the military.

00:37:38.600 --> 00:37:41.520
Police say his killers motives
weren\'t political,

00:37:41.680 --> 00:37:46.240
but one of his friends believes he was
murdered because of his legal work.

00:37:46.400 --> 00:37:52.640
We sensed that
he was hated by some people.

00:37:52.800 --> 00:37:57.920
But I didn\'t expect it
to be that vicious.

00:37:59.160 --> 00:38:02.720
Actually, it\'s a mafia.

00:38:02.880 --> 00:38:07.360
Ko Ni was shot directly in the head in
front of The Yangon International Airport.

00:38:07.520 --> 00:38:12.760
He was immediately taken to Yangon
Hospital, where he was pronounced dead.

00:38:16.840 --> 00:38:20.680
Aung San Suu Kyi
didn\'t attend the funeral.

00:38:20.840 --> 00:38:25.440
She stayed silent and withdrew
from the public eye.

00:38:26.680 --> 00:38:30.800
She\'s shocked.

00:38:30.960 --> 00:38:34.200
She can guess the main reason.

00:38:34.360 --> 00:38:36.840
If she says something,
it will get worse.

00:38:57.360 --> 00:39:00.520
Was it some kind of warning for her?
That if you go too far...

00:39:00.680 --> 00:39:02.240
Maybe.

00:39:11.800 --> 00:39:15.560
But there was another problem
with this lawyer.

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:22.640
He was a Muslim.

00:39:23.960 --> 00:39:28.200
In the country\'s Rakhine region
lived a Muslim minority group

00:39:28.360 --> 00:39:32.240
which the Buddhist Rakhine people
wanted out.

00:39:32.400 --> 00:39:35.480
The reason was to be found
in the past.

00:39:40.080 --> 00:39:46.080
Back in 1947, when Aung San
had united the country\'s ethnic people,

00:39:46.240 --> 00:39:50.520
one group was believed to have stayed
on the British side.

00:39:50.680 --> 00:39:54.000
The ruling Buddhist majority agreed
that they were traitors

00:39:54.160 --> 00:39:57.440
and that they did not belong
in the country:

00:39:57.600 --> 00:40:00.480
The Muslim Rohingyas.

00:40:00.640 --> 00:40:02.760
The Buddhists called them Bengalis,

00:40:02.920 --> 00:40:05.720
considered people
that had come from abroad.

00:40:05.880 --> 00:40:13.760
If my words are true, all the people
from Rakhine will be free from Bengali.

00:40:13.920 --> 00:40:16.400
(cheering)

00:40:16.560 --> 00:40:22.200
Our duty is not only
to enforce law and order,

00:40:22.360 --> 00:40:26.600
but also to preserve
the identity of the nation.

00:40:26.760 --> 00:40:28.760
On the question of race,

00:40:28.920 --> 00:40:33.120
we\'ve let the world know that the
Rohingyas don\'t belong in our country.

00:40:33.280 --> 00:40:36.120
The Muslims of Rakhine state
are Bengalis.

00:40:36.280 --> 00:40:39.160
They just came here
from other places and settled.

00:40:39.320 --> 00:40:42.000
Rakhine was a timebomb
that was ticking.

00:40:42.160 --> 00:40:47.840
You had
this rising Rakhine nationalist feeling.

00:40:48.000 --> 00:40:53.440
And the two communities, Muslim and
Buddhist, also began to see each other...

00:40:53.600 --> 00:41:00.280
Or rather, increasingly saw each other
as their main enemies as well.

00:41:00.440 --> 00:41:03.360
And then you had, not surprisingly,

00:41:03.520 --> 00:41:07.440
the emergence in 2016
on the Muslim side,

00:41:07.600 --> 00:41:10.720
a new insurgency,
and a very militant insurgency.

00:41:10.880 --> 00:41:16.320
The group is poorly equipped.
It has guns, small home-made bombs

00:41:16.480 --> 00:41:21.040
and what it describes as a narrow
mission: To protect Rohingya Muslims.

00:41:21.200 --> 00:41:24.080
(sound of explosion)

00:41:24.240 --> 00:41:27.440
(crackling fire)

00:41:32.720 --> 00:41:36.560
(crying and sobbing)

00:41:36.720 --> 00:41:41.200
An attack on rural police stations by
Rohingya fighters in the Rakhine region

00:41:41.360 --> 00:41:45.360
would turn out to have
unforeseen consequences

00:41:45.520 --> 00:41:48.960
and lead to a turning point
in the country\'s history.

00:41:49.120 --> 00:41:53.440
Muslim terrorists are destroying and
setting things on fire in Rakhine state.

00:41:53.600 --> 00:41:56.680
Locals are running to
the nearest police stations for help.

00:41:56.840 --> 00:42:01.000
Authorities say some 150 insurgents
launched a series of raids

00:42:01.160 --> 00:42:04.920
on police posts in the early hours.

00:42:06.200 --> 00:42:11.680
The Rohingya insurgents carry out these
attacks to get the world\'s attention.

00:42:11.840 --> 00:42:16.600
So what they want most is to attract
concern from the outside world.

00:42:19.240 --> 00:42:24.200
For the military, the situation provided
an opportunity to respond

00:42:24.360 --> 00:42:28.680
and to get rid of a problem altogether.

00:42:28.840 --> 00:42:34.680
The army has begun its \"clearance
operations\" to root out Rohingya fighters.

00:42:34.840 --> 00:42:38.840
The brutal Burmese military operation
against Rohingya Muslims

00:42:39.000 --> 00:42:42.360
is at risk of spiralling into
an ethnic cleansing campaign

00:42:42.520 --> 00:42:46.800
as the violence against the long
persecuted minority group continues.

00:42:46.960 --> 00:42:49.160
The Burmese response was
to close the area.

00:42:49.320 --> 00:42:53.120
And the army began what it called
\"clearance operations\".

00:42:53.280 --> 00:42:56.400
Civilians as well as militants
have been targeted.

00:42:56.560 --> 00:42:59.400
The army has its own agenda.

00:42:59.560 --> 00:43:04.320
Without consulting us, they have
the right to do whatever they like.

00:43:04.480 --> 00:43:09.160
(people talking and gunshots)

00:43:09.320 --> 00:43:15.800
They can do what they like. We cannot
interfere or order them what to do.

00:43:17.160 --> 00:43:20.640
The UN says almost 150,000 Rohingyas

00:43:20.800 --> 00:43:23.400
have fled
the predominately Buddhist country

00:43:23.560 --> 00:43:28.400
into neighbouring Bangladesh in the
last 12 days since the operation began.

00:43:28.560 --> 00:43:31.480
The current situation
cannot yet be fully assessed,

00:43:31.640 --> 00:43:38.080
but the situation remains, or seems,
a textbook example of ethnic cleansing.

00:43:42.600 --> 00:43:47.920
The international community expected her
to respond and to condemn the military.

00:43:48.080 --> 00:43:51.760
The one thing she couldn\'t do.

00:43:54.120 --> 00:44:00.080
The constitution gave her
no power over military affairs.

00:44:00.240 --> 00:44:05.280
The consequences of that
were now being realized.

00:44:08.200 --> 00:44:14.040
But as the crisis worsened by the
minute, her immediate response was...

00:44:14.200 --> 00:44:15.600
Denial.

00:44:15.760 --> 00:44:19.320
I am deeply disappointed and saddened

00:44:19.480 --> 00:44:24.400
by the disinformation campaign
being waged around the world

00:44:24.560 --> 00:44:27.760
with regard to the situation in Rakhine.

00:44:27.920 --> 00:44:30.880
These fabricated news items

00:44:31.040 --> 00:44:35.320
are written and published
with the intent to mislead the public.

00:44:35.480 --> 00:44:39.400
Aung San Suu Kyi, the country\'s leader,
said the situation in Rakhine state

00:44:39.560 --> 00:44:44.600
was being distorted by what she called
\"a huge iceberg of misinformation\".

00:44:44.760 --> 00:44:48.280
The Rakhine thing blew up in our face.

00:44:48.440 --> 00:44:52.200
The government has rejected accusations
that the armed forces are conducting

00:44:52.360 --> 00:44:57.640
a campaign of indiscriminate violence
targeting Rohingya Muslims.

00:45:01.000 --> 00:45:06.640
The Ministries of Home Affairs,
Defence and Border Areas

00:45:06.800 --> 00:45:09.880
are controlled by the army.

00:45:10.040 --> 00:45:12.080
So when the Rakhine thing happened,

00:45:12.240 --> 00:45:17.400
the international community blamed
Aung San Suu Kyi for protecting the army.

00:45:18.800 --> 00:45:27.440
But she didn\'t want to make any hostile
remarks to the army for the long run.

00:45:27.600 --> 00:45:33.000
She was blamed for that.
That\'s why we call it a military trap.

00:45:33.160 --> 00:45:38.320
Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Aung San Suu
Kyi, who is Burma\'s de facto president,

00:45:38.480 --> 00:45:42.840
is facing mounting criticism
for her handling of the violence...

00:45:43.000 --> 00:45:45.840
The Nobel Peace Prize laureate,
Aung San Suu Kyi,

00:45:46.000 --> 00:45:51.360
has blamed terrorists for what she termed
\"a huge iceberg of misinformation\".

00:45:51.520 --> 00:45:55.840
... amounts to ethnic cleansing.

00:45:56.000 --> 00:46:00.440
Nobel Peace Prize winners have criticized
Myanmar\'s leader, Aung San Suu Kyi,

00:46:00.600 --> 00:46:03.280
for not doing enough to protect...

00:46:03.440 --> 00:46:05.840
She\'s seeking to deflect
the Rohingya crisis

00:46:06.000 --> 00:46:09.920
that has so far sent
150,000 Rohingyas Muslims...

00:46:10.080 --> 00:46:13.920
She should use her voice, and she
hasn\'t, and that\'s deeply disappointing.

00:46:14.080 --> 00:46:18.680
... silent and,
in many cases, a complicit...

00:46:18.840 --> 00:46:24.320
When you get power you go into a cocoon.
You go into an us-against-them attitude.

00:46:24.480 --> 00:46:30.680
I think that Senior General
Min Aung Hlaing knows the problem

00:46:30.840 --> 00:46:34.800
and that he is enjoying the situation.

00:46:38.680 --> 00:46:43.160
(sounds of demonstration)

00:46:43.320 --> 00:46:47.760
Today there was a popular march
to Yangon City Hall

00:46:47.920 --> 00:46:50.640
to support
the military\'s fair and just war.

00:46:50.800 --> 00:46:53.600
More than a thousand attended

00:46:53.760 --> 00:46:58.760
to support Myanmar military
and their fair war.

00:46:58.920 --> 00:47:04.760
Many Burmese hate the Bengali,
or the Rohingya, they hate them.

00:47:06.040 --> 00:47:13.160
So if you are involved in this case,
it shows you are supporting the Rohingya.

00:47:13.320 --> 00:47:16.000
So she may keep silent on this thing.

00:47:16.160 --> 00:47:22.040
Maybe she worries that she won\'t have
their vote in the future.

00:47:22.200 --> 00:47:27.320
(whistling)

00:47:43.400 --> 00:47:47.880
While the military kept
the conflict rolling,

00:47:48.040 --> 00:47:53.800
the outside world demanded
clear answers from the state leader.

00:47:53.960 --> 00:47:57.320
From their front row seats
in the audience

00:47:57.480 --> 00:48:01.480
the military watched her
enter the scaffold.

00:48:02.720 --> 00:48:07.520
After intense pressure, Aung San Suu Kyi
addressed the Rohingya refugee crisis.

00:48:07.680 --> 00:48:11.800
This televised address to diplomats
was miss Suu Kyi\'s chance

00:48:11.960 --> 00:48:15.000
to state her case to the world.

00:48:30.160 --> 00:48:33.440
It is not the intention
of the Myanmar government

00:48:33.600 --> 00:48:37.760
to apportion blame or
to abnegate responsibility.

00:48:37.920 --> 00:48:42.120
We condemn all human rights violations
and unlawful violence.

00:48:42.280 --> 00:48:45.280
We are committed
to the restoration of peace,

00:48:45.440 --> 00:48:49.000
stability and rule of law
throughout the state.

00:48:49.160 --> 00:48:54.520
The government has been making every
effort to restore peace and stability,

00:48:54.680 --> 00:48:59.360
and to promote harmony between
the Muslim and Rakhine communities.

00:48:59.520 --> 00:49:02.080
I am aware of the fact,

00:49:02.240 --> 00:49:06.440
that the world\'s attention is focused
on the situation in Rakhine state.

00:49:06.600 --> 00:49:11.400
But we would like you to think
of our country as a whole.

00:49:11.560 --> 00:49:16.280
Not just as little afflicted areas.

00:49:16.440 --> 00:49:20.920
The international community wanted her
to say: \"I support the Rohingya people.\"

00:49:21.080 --> 00:49:23.960
But I don\'t think
she can say things like that.

00:49:24.120 --> 00:49:29.280
Because in the long run,
she will have to work with the military.

00:49:30.840 --> 00:49:33.000
Aung San Suu Kyi has made her choice.

00:49:33.160 --> 00:49:37.720
Her relationship with the military
and the stability of her government

00:49:37.880 --> 00:49:43.520
comes before the Rohingya and what
is left of her international reputation.

00:49:50.600 --> 00:49:57.720
She went behind closed doors, far away
from the people and the world.

00:49:57.880 --> 00:50:03.360
All the while, the country
was falling apart at the seams.

00:50:07.880 --> 00:50:13.720
The entire area has been burned out.
The residents are evidently all gone.

00:50:13.880 --> 00:50:20.000
It shows a clear swath of destruction,
presumably caused by arson.

00:50:20.160 --> 00:50:25.680
These satellite images from Human Rights
Watch show the extent of the destruction.

00:50:25.840 --> 00:50:32.560
Once again, the government of Burma does
not have the situation under control.

00:50:33.680 --> 00:50:39.880
The 8,333rd meeting of
the Security Council is called to order.

00:50:41.680 --> 00:50:47.520
The provisional agenda for this meeting
is the situation in Myanmar.

00:50:48.400 --> 00:50:54.240
The massive refugee emergency that
began one year ago in Rakhine state

00:50:54.400 --> 00:50:58.800
has become one of the world\'s worst
humanitarian and human rights crises.

00:50:58.960 --> 00:51:03.400
The world can no longer avoid the
difficult truth of what happened in Burma.

00:51:03.560 --> 00:51:07.440
The Rohingya population of Rakhine state
was subjected to a campaign of...

00:51:07.600 --> 00:51:09.680
... the worst catastrophes
in modern history...

00:51:09.840 --> 00:51:13.960
... resulting in grave violations
of their human rights...

00:51:14.120 --> 00:51:17.440
... have led to the displacement
of some 900,000 people...

00:51:17.600 --> 00:51:23.000
The military and police went
from house to house looking for girls...

00:51:23.160 --> 00:51:28.400
... violations and abuses against
the Rohingya community in Rakhine state...

00:51:28.560 --> 00:51:33.760
I now give up the floor to
the representative of Myanmar.

00:51:33.920 --> 00:51:39.720
Mr President. Our gathering here today
could have been a different one

00:51:39.880 --> 00:51:42.720
had there been no terrorist attacks.

00:51:42.880 --> 00:51:46.520
It would have been
a happier occasion to stock-taking

00:51:46.680 --> 00:51:49.200
implementation of
the Rakhine Advisory Commission

00:51:49.360 --> 00:51:53.320
or an international
pledging conference

00:51:53.480 --> 00:51:57.200
to help with poverty alleviation...

00:52:01.880 --> 00:52:04.120
(... and socio...)

00:52:05.320 --> 00:52:07.280
Sorry.

00:52:20.760 --> 00:52:25.000
... and socio-economic development
of all communities of Rakhine.

00:52:25.160 --> 00:52:34.000
The provocative terrorist attacks
of October 2016 and August 2017

00:52:34.160 --> 00:52:38.000
have affected the cause
of our earnest endeavour

00:52:38.160 --> 00:52:44.560
to build a peaceful, fair and prosperous
future for the people of Rakhine.

00:52:44.720 --> 00:52:48.480
But nothing shall stop
our determination to continue our effort

00:52:48.640 --> 00:52:52.520
to achieve our objectives.

00:52:57.000 --> 00:53:00.400
So this is what it came to.

00:53:00.560 --> 00:53:05.280
Despite so much hope,
they couldn\'t make it.

00:53:11.040 --> 00:53:14.960
History is never over,

00:53:15.120 --> 00:53:18.440
but for the story I have told you,

00:53:18.600 --> 00:53:23.640
this is, unfortunately, the end.