WEBVTT

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This amateur handicams footage

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shows brutal police dog training being conducted
on captured migrants in South Africa.

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[sil.]

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This video\'s recent release triggered a public
outcry and was used to convict the officers.

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[sil.]

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Over the last decade, handicams have become the
eyes of the world when no one else is watching.

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What happens when ordinary people pick
up handicams to document what they see?

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I hope I live,

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I hope I live. it\'s coming down on me.
Here it comes.

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I\'m getting behind the car. How do these amateur images
affect what we watch on the evening news every night?

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From human rights activists, to soldiers,

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to astronauts, to terrorists,

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amateur video cameras aren\'t just
for weddings and family vacations.

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On off side to the political spectrum,

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people everywhere are picking up handy cams
to show the world that seeing is believing…

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[sil.]

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Joey Lazano\'s video camera is his weapon.

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Really I\'m convinced of the power of video

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especially this kind of
life and death situations.

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Joey is a Human Rights activist
who works with indigenous tribes

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in the Philippines.

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When I go with indigenous people
trying to recover their lands.

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The mere presence of a video camera saved
them from outright massacre from armed men.

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[sil.]

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That gives me the confidence
to move on to record all these

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very critical moments of their
confrontation with the powerful.

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This is the story of how Joey and
videographers around the globe

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have turned video technology
into political weaponry.

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We examine the unexpected
power of consumer technology.

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[sil.]

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The first handicam was invented in 1985.

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It was a compact innovation which is exactly
the same size of the Japanese passport

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at that time. It was
amazing for the customers.

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[music]

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Peek-a-boo. I do.

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Invented for entertainment purposes only, it didn\'t take
long to find new uses for this revolutionary technology.

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The handicam revolution began

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when a video camera captured
police beating Rodney King

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on a Los Angeles highway. These
images changed television

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and marked history. Reaction to the verdict
changed tonight from shock to anger to violence

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in 20 block section of Los
Angeles\' black community.

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The handicam revolution
continues with Witness,

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a New York based Human Rights Group who works with
Joey. Witness puts video technology into the hands

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of local activists around the world.

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Joey is a very good example of
how video can both save lives

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and jeopardize them.

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Witness is sending Joey a camcorder.
He\'ll be using it to train local people

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in one of the most remote and
dangerous parts of the Philippines.

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You have local communities like the ones Joey is working
with. They don\'t even have routine access to electricity.

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So I think it\'s kind of

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a wonderfully magical and strange
thing to bring this little item,

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this little box into these local community
and to have it work for them. Okay…

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[sil.]

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To get to Joey, the Witness camera

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travels to the other side of the globe to
Mindanao Island in the southern Philippines.

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The island is now infamous
as one of the battlegrounds

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of America\'s war on terrorism
against the Abu Sayyaf,

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an extremist Muslim terrorist
group who kidnaps for ransom.

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Mindanao is a clash of cultures and
competing political interests.

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Transnational food companies
occupy much of the land.

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Caught in the crossfire, six million indigenous
peoples are struggling to legally regain

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their ancestral land. Joey
is now working closely

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with the NAKAMATA, a small
coalition of 10 indigenous groups.

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This was how their
territory appeared before

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and you can see its all green, it\'s forest. It\'s all forest
and the yellow represent the communities residing then.

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In the 70s, under the Marcos dictatorship,

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they were pushed off their own land,
and to this day plantation owners

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most of the Marcos cronies still
grow endless fields of sugarcane

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all for export.

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Recently Joey filmed the dangerous NAKAMATA
mission. He shows us his unedited footage.

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[sil.]

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With nowhere to live,

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a NAKAMATA group moves to
reoccupy their own land.

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It\'s only this group that has filed the ancestral domain claim.
It\'s been awarded to them, but the company prevents them

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from occupying the land that
has been awarded to them.

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They tried to block us,
but we went through.

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[sil.]

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Definitely these people with masks
on the do not have good intentions.

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The company hires masked
goons to block the tribe.

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So here comes the tribe now.

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With all their belongings piled on
buses, the tribe members move in.

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[sil.]

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They started to run after
the… run after the tribe.

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[sil.]

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Joey is convinced that the presence of his
camera prevented violence on that day.

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The tribe was able to set up a temporary
camp on the side of the road.

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[sil.]

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A few days later, they tribe moved
again, but Joey wasn\'t there.

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They were so impatient and on
that day I told them to wait.

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They moved on and as soon
as they went past the fence

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they were shot by guards point blank.
One was shot point blank.

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Two tribe members were killed that day.

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I felt some guilt in me…

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and asking myself would that
have happened if I was around?

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[sil.]

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Joey has a very, very, very clear cut

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and very strong sense of right and wrong.

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As soon as I wake up the first sight that
gets into my eyes are six people the mother

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and five kids and I think that

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first sight in the morning
keeps me going because

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the question always is could I feel them today or
the next day and so on with… five kids and family.

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[music]

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Joey has received a camera from New York

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and he\'s packing it to take it to the
NAKAMATA. They can\'t believe that

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they would be receiving this kind of camera because I
told them I didn\'t start with this kind of camera.

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But they seem to be very
lucky to be starting

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with a digital camera.

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The microphone, clip on
microphone, the remote control.

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So this is ready to go tomorrow.

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[sil.]

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Joey works in a country
that makes the annual

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top 10 list for journalists murdered.

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The reality that there would be a
danger confronting you comes with

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your decision to go there
and to me it\'s a kind of

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personal decision that I
already have accepted.

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[sil.]

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Joey himself has received numerous death threats
and he survived an assassination attempt.

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Yet he is one of many video activists
who put themselves at risk.

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Ondrej Cakl risks his life

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monitoring the neo-Nazi movement in
the Czech Republic. For over 10 years

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Cakl and his anti-racist group
have filmed skinhead activities.

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Cakl captured prominent neo-Nazis
harassing tourists in downtown Prague.

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Later that same day,

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they filmed racist skinheads
brutally assaulting a homeless man.

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[sil.]

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Cakl\'s footage made it to the Evening
News which forced the police to file

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a report about the incident. The
neo-Nazis own cameramen monitors Cakl.

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[non-English narration]

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Cakl is now

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working with Czech State television to compile over
10 years of his footage with the help of Peter Bach

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a documentary filmmaker.

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In Mexico, Eric Rosenthal takes his camera

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inside psychiatric institutions to
investigate the conditions people live in.

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Besides Mexico, he\'s been

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inside facilities in Uruguay and all
across the former Soviet Union.

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Most institutions around the world have
more similarities than differences.

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Rows of beds, totally (inaudible),
these places where people live

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for their rest of their life and absolutely
no sense of individuality whatsoever.

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This man has been running up and down this hall for the last half
and hour naked and no one seems to be taking any notice of him.

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When Rosenthal\'s organization
released these tapes,

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the American broadcasting companies
2020 sent their own crew to Mexico

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to follow up on the story. We were first made aware
of this horrendous situation by a Human Rights group

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known as Mental Disability Rights International.
2020 takes you behind the locked doors

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to witness the harrowing conditions

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of mental institutions south of the border.
As a result of these investigations,

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Mexico shut down one of the
most abusive institutions.

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[music]

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In the Congo

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five years of war has claimed over three
million lives, yet the conflict remains

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one of the most underreported
stories of our times.

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When this Christian aid worker first tried calling major news
agencies to warn about the escalating violence in the Congo,

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no journalist was interested in the story.

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We were saying the whole time, \"Look, there
is a disaster here in Congo that\'s unfolding,

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but we found a very difficult to get the attention of
the world press. But when he called a press conference

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to release his own shocking amateur
footage, all major broadcasters showed up.

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We were able to get this
on video, horrific video.

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Once they saw the macabre
sights of women and babies

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slashed open with machete, this
is what galvanized action.

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[sil.]

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I know that Mr. Mandela,

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then he was contacted, he telephoned Mr.
Kofi Annan,

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it went to the very highest levels, this I know, these, these
videos went to the highest level. So it did have an impact.

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Why do we need to wait until
its multi million lives,

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multi million dollars? Why can\'t we
believe the people at the ground level

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when they say something? And this,
I still don\'t have an answer for,

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but our video is what galvanized.
The action, it was taken.

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I think this kind of stuff has its place

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in those areas where we can get
to to get the firsthand report,

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but I shouldn\'t think, I don\'t think it should ever be an excuse to say, \"Well, we
don\'t need the first hand report because we\'ll just wait for this stuff to come in.\"

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There were probably hundreds
of us, journalists,

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TV crews, print journalists and so on… on
the border between Albania and Kosovo.

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And of course we were reporting or trying
to report what was happening in Kosovo,

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but none of us had been into Kosovo, it was
impossible to tell, it was this mountain range,

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it was what was like a sort of curtain beyond which
we couldn\'t see. And then of course suddenly

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I get a message saying there\'s a guy who\'s
cover cross the border, who wants you,

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he want to talk to you, the guy from
the BBC, and he\'s got some film,

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and all my kind of antenna started going.
(inaudible) was a wedding videographer.

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He hid in his cellar while Serbian
forces massacred his neighbors outside.

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After the murders had left,

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he emerged with his camera. He had the
presence of mind and the equipment

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to be able to surreptitiously film this whole thing, then
get the take, and bring it out. It turned out those,

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those were the first
real pictures broadcast

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of what was going on inside and we owe it
to Melaine, you know, his courage actually

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in being able to do that. I think
it has an enormous impact.

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Indeed I think there is already a
temptation on the part of TV News bosses

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to somehow think that that is a
substitute, the proper journalism

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for the kind of thing that
I did for 10, 15 years,

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that is to go out and get the
story, see it with my own eyes,

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tape it with a camera crew, and so on. And I
think that is still incredibly important.

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Joey hopes to attract the eyes
of the world as he delivers

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the Witness camera to the NAKAMATA.
The leaders accept

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state of the art technology in
a traditional tribal ritual.

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[sil.]

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The act of putting blood on the
camera in an act of thanksgiving.

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Finally the camera came and
well I\'m happy for them.

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They\'re overweight able to
engage into a different arena.

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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[sil.]

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Everybody looks so excited
holding a camera.

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Now knowing the power of the video camera

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to deter all of these abuses knowing
the power of camera to advance

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their aspirations, I think that helps
a lot in keeping their interest.

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Well I hope that they don\'t
turn out shooting weddings,

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just weddings go into a studio and present
themselves as cameramen for sideline.

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[sil.]

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The power of the video camera,

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at this trade fair in New York,
Human Rights groups like Witness

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look for the next revolution in consumer technology
because handicams are just the beginning.

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There\'s tremendous potential that\'s
emerged in the last 10 years.

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We\'re trying to stay ahead of the curve, you know, with
Witness we\'re really trying to focus on what the potential

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and the possibility is, but a lot of
it\'s hypothetical at this point of time.

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We really believe that we\'re changing the world by giving
people tools that they just could possibly have for,

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and when you give people tools, people
are smart and they figure out ways

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to use it that you just can\'t imagine. The key
word during this presentation is (inaudible)

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[sil.]

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The reality is that we\'re a
long way from really being

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able to actualize and utilize new technologies
on grassroots level of around the world,

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but in half the world hasn\'t
even made me a telephone call.

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It\'s been called the Digital Divide, the
gulf between those who have technology

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and those who don\'t.

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But when technology does cross the Digital
Divide, the results can be revolutionary.

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[sil.]

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The ability to send short messages from cell phone
to cell phone helped spawn a political revolution

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in the Philippines.

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The operator can think of services, but you can\'t really predict, there\'s no way you can
predict how people will actually use them. Text messaging is the best example of that.

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Texting was so cheap that
it became the main reason

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why millions of Filipinos could
buy cell phones and use them.

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It had course great sociological

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and then politically implications.

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Every person with a cell phone

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is both a receiver and a
transmitter of information.

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The president was on trial for
charges of bribery, corruption,

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and breach of the public trust. Despite
mounting evidence against him,

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the president was let off the hook.
That sparked him,

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I mean people saw it on television,
and a lot of people were revolted,

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they started to text messaging each other,
sending each other messages over the Internet,

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and that thing created a combustion…

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Because of texting and email, within two
hours over 200,000 people converged

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in the main street of Manila
demanding that the president resign.

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
[sil.]

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The vigil lasted for four days and
four nights until President Estrada

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finally got the message. In
the last two decades or so

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most of the political upheavals
had some distinct link

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to communications technology.
Iran, the Iranian Revolution

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
was closely linked to the audiocassette.

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
The first hence uprising in the
Philippines was very closely linked

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
to the photocopying machine.

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
And so we called it the Xerox revolution.
(inaudible)

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
The uprising that failed

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
was called the Fax Revolution,

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
the rest of the world was better informed
then the rest of the neighborhood

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
because of the fax machine. The January
uprising here in the Philippines represents

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
a convergence between electronic
mail and text messaging,

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
and that allowed, that gave that uprising

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
its specific characteristics.

00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
The mural honoring the January uprising
pays tribute to the cell phone.

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
[sil.]

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
But Joey still faces a Digital Divide.

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
He takes us to NAKAMATA village
that has no electricity.

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
It\'s also the village that has
suffered the most violence.

00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
[sil.]

00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
Almost all members of the Nakamata coalition look like
this but this is the member of Nakamata which had

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
the most causalities already.
Imagine more than 20 since 1984.

00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:49.999
That was the time harassment began
when Cojuangco took over this land.

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
He used lots of company guards to
drive people out. We are shown

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:59.999
the little leverage that remains of the
latest attack from only a few months ago.

00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:05.000
There was food still on his plate.

00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:29.999
What they\'ve occupied right now
is approximately only one hectare

00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
where they erected their makeshift houses.
They are surrounded by sugarcane.

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
Surrounded by sugar, yet they
often have nothing to eat.

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:48.000
The chairman names the ancestral boundaries

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
of their land claim, they\'ll be filing their
case soon, but they\'re certain to collide

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
with more violence. While the
Marcos dictatorship is long gone,

00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
his old cronies still rule this land.

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
[music]

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
The NAKAMATA coalition heads off to use
their new camera for the first time.

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
[sil.]

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
They\'re on their way to demand action

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
at the local office of the National
Commission for indigenous peoples.

00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
The tribe is frustrated because
Mindanao is rife with corruption.

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
Plantation owners, local authorities,
and police are often related by blood.

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:45.000
They work in collusion to
protect each other\'s interests.

00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.999
The tribe is hoping the national
government will take more notice

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:09.999
now that cameras are present
to record their grievances.

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
[music]

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
Joeys back into vows
city, back at home base.

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
He\'s putting the final touches
on his own latest film.

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
[sil.]

00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
Not that there are no other better
fishing methods, these Muslims

00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
of (inaudible) practice at least two.

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
[sil.]

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
What do you find easier to do?

00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
Writing an investigative
report or doing a film?

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
Doing a film is much easier. Doing an investigative
report is, my-God, it\'s very hard to compose words.

00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
But visuals, it\'s very easy to put
visuals from one visual to another

00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
and make a story. They say a picture
can paint a thousand words.

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
What we\'re trying to do is
to diversify using media.

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
So television is only, is only one
of six or seven potential options,

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.999
solid options for using video and advocacy,
and do screenings before the United Nations,

00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:29.999
you can use it as a grassroots organizing
tool, you can use it to deter abuse,

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:34.999
you can broadcast it online.
There are so many possibilities

00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:39.999
and each possibility dictates a very different
approach to how you tell the story.

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
Getting involved,

00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
like this group of forensic anthropologists,
they\'re using video as part of their tool kit

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
to document mass graves
all around the world.

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
They began at home in Argentina
where over 30,000 activists

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
were disappeared during the \'70s.

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
The whole State implicated in the
killings is a very complex crime.

00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
So we need to develop a new
approach using social anthropology,

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
history to interview a lot relatives, witnesses
to investigate police and judicial files.

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
[sil.]

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:29.999
Now with teams in war
zones around the world,

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
their scientific and video evidence
is gaining legal authority.

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
Because we are expert witnesses we have to prove what we are
doing. Pictures are very important for the judge to show.

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
Maybe you read an expert report that\'s

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
very dark because you don\'t understand technical
terms. But a picture will show a body inside a grave

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
with associated bullets,
it\'s very important.

00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
The International Criminal Tribunal for the family
(inaudible) now at session. Please be seated.

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
At the International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia,

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
amateur video was there playing a crucial
role in the global scales of justice you.

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
Key leaders now stand trial

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
for crimes against humanity and genocide
including former Serbian President

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
Slobodan Milošević.

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
There is a second clip taken later stage. In practically every
hearing, video has been essential in providing visual evidence

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
of crimes committed throughout
the Balkans including

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
the massacre of 7,000 Muslim at Srebrenica.

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
In the Srebrenica case one of the focal
issues in the case was the accused denial

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
of being in the Puducherry on July 12th.

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
The existence of a videotape
that put the lie to that defense

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
was a powerful tool in the
prosecutor\'s arsenal.

00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:04.999
Karadžić, the general on the far left…

00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
This tape was shot by his own amateur army
cameramen and made its way to the Tribunal

00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
through the hands of British
documentary filmmaker Leslie Woodhead.

00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
This material arrived at the editing
room in very mysterious way actually

00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
while it seems like to records
his triumphal achievements

00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
as thoroughly as possible so he always had a
couple of crews around them and that material

00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:34.999
is a as an extraordinary moment by
moment record of his swaggering entry

00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
into the town.

00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:48.000
This piece of video was decisive in

00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
convicting General Karadžić when he
was, when he was talking to the hay.

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
You were there for guilty of
genocide, General Karadžić.

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
And I think you finished
up getting 46 years.

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
We became aware of more and more

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
and more of this appalling event, the worst
massacre in Europe since World War II

00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
was what we called in the narration
a massacre witnessed by camcorder.

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
Common wisdom about videos
and about video evidence

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
is that it\'s the infallible witness.
Alan Tieger had used video

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
in court long before he came to the Hague.
He was a lawyer

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
for the federal prosecution in the Rodney
King case. The videotape doesn\'t necessarily

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
speak for itself and when
people first saw the video

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
they reacted very powerfully to it.

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
But the defense was able to use the
video this in the first case themselves

00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
and they slowed it down and broke
it down into discrete segments

00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
and used it as a platform from which to
argue that the conduct of the officers

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
had in fact been appropriate and
consistent with their training.

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
So the video was in that sense kind of

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
a neutral tool. Mr. Milošević is
using his tape sources as well,

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:28.000
so it cuts both ways this stuff right.

00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
The fact that images just play such a role is because
the prosecution\'s accusation was based on images

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
real or created images.

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
Think how skillfully Osama
Bin Ladin has used,

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
used the camcorder to make his case.

00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
He always looks in control

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.999
and lording it over where every years, all that\'s
been achieved by being pretty good at performing

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
to a camcorders. There is a potential
I guess downside to this tidal wave

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
of bad things that these little cameras

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
allow us to experience. They are
also the tools for snuff movies.

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
[sil.]

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
Suicide bombers in the Middle East to use
video extensively to document their missions

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
and to immortalize their
personal wills and testaments.

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
The tapes are then used to train
and recruit more killers.

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
[sil.]

00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
In America,

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
handicams have also recorded personal wills and
testaments in another kind of suicide mission,

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
The Heaven\'s Gate cult.

00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
It\'s body\'s nature, because we came
and incarnated into these human body

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
and now we\'re leaving the human bodies
behind. There are always going to be people

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
with camcorder material who are flooding
it to you for nefarious purposes

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
or self-seeking purposes and then you\'ve got
to do the basic, the basic journalistic work

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
of finding out what those purposes
were and what this material means.

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
This antiabortion group released
their own handicam footage

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
and even launched a lawsuit
to try and get it on the air.

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
It is responsibility of the team leader,

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:44.999
the ponton leader, the unit commander. And this far
right militia training tape shows its audiences

00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:49.999
how to arm your child.

00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:54.999
They\'re very powerful,
terribly disturbing tools of

00:37:55.000 --> 00:38:00.000
vicious propaganda as well as
shedding light in dark places.

00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
Video can shed light

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
on local problems and solutions and when it\'s
shown to the very community it comes from us.

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
We are at Balete Bay

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
along the coast of southeastern Mindanao,
small fishing villages line the shore.

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
[sil.]

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
Joey\'s here to bring his new
film back to the community.

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
He\'s been filming in and around the bay
investigating its growing environmental problems.

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
Oh, none.

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
Fish stocks have gone down.

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
And now the community suspects that a
company has been logging illegally

00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
on one of the remote mountains.

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
So the local tribes monitoring
group, The Holy Warriors

00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
head up the mountain to investigate.

00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
It\'s potentially dangerous, the company
hires armed guards. The group circumvents

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
the danger by traveling up a back trail.

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
That billboard, it says, \"Be industrious.

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
Go plant more trees.\" But look,
look, look what they did.

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
It\'s just the opposite of what the billboards say.
Residual trees are cut to open the logging roads

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
and not far away you can see
the logs that they have got.

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:45.000
[sil.]

00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
For Joey\'s camera, the evidence is clear.

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
He\'ll bring these images
back to the village below.

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
This would be

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
something very historic for the village.

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
This is the first time that they
would be seeing widescreen right

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
in this foot of the mountain.

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
If the Western world has the Imax,

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:35.000
this could be the Imax
of the barrio already.

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:45.000
[sil.]

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
For the first time ever,

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
the villagers see images of
their own community on a screen

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
in their basketball court.

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
But it\'s the images of illegal logging on the
mountain that will bring an audience to action.

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
With his camera, Joey has managed to
bring the mountain down to the people.

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:28.000
[sil.]

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
A creative alternative to
mainstream television.

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
If you think network
television is a little boring,

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
start your own network. With the Sony Betamax and
affordable Sony videotape camera you can do just that.

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
You can record what you want when you want. It\'s
the best family entertainment on television.

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
One more shot, ma. Come on, smile.

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
[music]

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
Greenpeace was one of the first activist
groups to fully integrate media

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
into their political strategies.
Now our global news gathering

00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
and production facilities
are better than ever.

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
We spend a lot of time looking at new ways of delivering our
pictures to news agencies and broadcasters because the,

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
the easier we make it for them, the more
likely they are to use our pictures.

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
Their media arsenal has now expanded.
Custom designed Kik cams

00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
flyover prohibited pollution sites.

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
Scuba diving media units exposed

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
underwater toxic dumping.

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
We mounted at a small mini
lightweight digital camera

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
on the helmets of one of the activists who
climbed up to the top of the CN Tower.

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
We were also able to beam live footage

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
back to the bottom of the tower, you
can imagine from atop the CN Tower

00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
the impact that that had.
Greenpeace went to extreme heights

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
to expose infractions against
the Kyoto climate protocols.

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
For people who don\'t necessarily have the same
resources that we do, that can be a problem

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
because they can\'t afford to send camera crews everywhere they can
which are likely to grab the attention off the news decision makers

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
and so a lot of their work is
getting forgotten or ignored simply

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:38.000
because the images don\'t exists. Okay.
This unlikely group of Welsh activists

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
were forgotten and ignored until they
made their own video letter of protest

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
complaining of noise and pollution
at a neighboring factory.

00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:58.000
Years of letter writing and
petitions brought them no results.

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
So the pensioners called upon a radical
direct action media group, Undercurrents.

00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
Undercurrents is always dealt
with mostly young vibrant

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
people involved in jumping from
the bulldozers, climbing cranes,

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:19.999
any sort of like very radical
direct action protests.

00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:24.999
When go down to whiles we realize
that this is a bunch of pensioners

00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
and we\'ve never dealt with pensioners.

00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
And then you, all you do is just press. (inaudible)
she wants a video letter which they could

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.999
say how they felt and then we could send it to the
owner of the factory… That\'s shot (inaudible)

00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.999
the option to keep everything
like that in the dark

00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
and hope you don\'t see it that
(inaudible) One resident went out

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:54.999
and bought his own camera, he captured evidence of smoke
emissions coming through the roof of the factory.

00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:59.999
I got a camera. I filmed it day and night.

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
I had this camera and I was proving
everything. I even got my own noise monitor.

00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
We did all little bit with
the camera (inaudible).

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
When the factory owner saw the video letter

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
he was forced to put changes into place and the
pensioners\' campaign landed the factory in court,

00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
Decide Aluminum was fined 20,000 pounds.

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
A video camera can also raise the stakes

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
for those filming. For the NAKAMATA, it
doesn\'t take long for tragedy to unfold.

00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
But this time, there\'s a new
camcorder to record the events.

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
The day the NAKAMATA accepted
the camera in a ritual,

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
their new camera captured these images
of one of their members, Samuel Bento.

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
One week later he\'s murdered

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
and the NAKAMATA records his funeral.

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:08.000
[non-English narration]

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
Samuel Bento was brutally stabbed to death only three days after
he had publicly announced the tribes official land claim.

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:25.000
[sil.]

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:48.000
[sil.]

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
Alarmed by the news, Joey hurries back
to central Mindanao to investigate.

00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
Another leader\'s house has just
been attacked, this time with guns.

00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:08.000
Three masked men

00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
surrounded the house and sprayed
the building with bullets.

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
Inside a woman and child were wounded.

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
One chairman was killed. One
chairman\'s residence was strafed

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
and it\'s not just coincidence I
believe and everybody here believes

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
that there may now be a pattern
to start hitting officials of…

00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
members of the organization
belonging to Nakamata.

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:55.000
Joey and the NAKAMATA question
the police about their inaction.

00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:08.000
There is now a very strong suspicion that

00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
there is a collusion between people who
wants to claim the land and the police.

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
Terror grips the villages,
but despite their fears

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
the coalition continues with the next step in the land
claims process, the charting of tribal boundaries.

00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
It\'s illegal but dangerous procedure,

00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
so they\'re given police escorts.

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
Using GPS, handheld devices

00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
that communicate with satellites called the global
positioning system, the tribe members walk along

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
the edge of their ancestral domain recording
the exact points of their boundary lines.

00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
[music]

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
But NAKAMATA members

00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:04.999
become instant walking targets for the
powerful interests that occupy the land

00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:09.999
and are determined to keep it that way.

00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.999
The first night falls without incident.

00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:19.999
[sil.]

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
It\'s six am and Joey is
preparing breakfast.

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
He hears gunfire, grabs
his camera and runs.

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
He finds NAKAMATA member,
Ananias Thuyan on the ground.

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:43.000
[non-English narration]

00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:49.999
The group sends for help, but his
body is riddled with bullets.

00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:54.999
Moments later,

00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:59.999
Ananias Thuyan dies.

00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:04.999
The police escorts on
duty to protect the tribe

00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
arrive 60 minutes later.

00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
[sil.]

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
Joey and the NAKAMATA camera
follow the investigation.

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
They soon find another body.

00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.999
Rudolf Dazig died from a bullet

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:34.999
in his forehead.

00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
Then they find a terrified bullet hiding
in the sugarcane. The child witnessed

00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
the attack on his father, but
managed to escape the gunfire.

00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:49.999
[non-English narration]

00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:54.999
The victims have been on their
way to join the GPS survey.

00:50:55.000 --> 00:50:59.999
[non-English narration]

00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:04.999
It\'s clear that

00:51:05.000 --> 00:51:09.999
someone\'s going to extreme and systematic
lengths to terrorize the NAKAMATA

00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:14.999
in efforts to prevent the
land claims process.

00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:19.999
[non-English narration]

00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:24.999
Armed with footage,

00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:30.000
the NAKAMATA and Joey quickly set
out to get public attention.

00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:49.999
Joey edits a10 minute report that\'s
uploaded on the Witness website.

00:51:50.000 --> 00:51:54.999
He also writes

00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:59.999
an in-depth feature article in
the Philippine Daily Inquirer.

00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:04.999
And soon the NAKAMATA
national television attention

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:10.000
on one of the top rated
investigative shows in the country.

00:52:15.000 --> 00:52:19.999
The Probe Team files a prime
time report about the NAKAMATA.

00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:25.000
The segment relies heavily
on NAKAMATA\'s phone footage.

00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:34.999
With in one month of receiving the camera, their own
images make them the focus of national attention.

00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:39.999
Will the presence of the
new NAKAMATA camera

00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:44.999
provoke more attacks? Does this
little piece of technology save lives

00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:49.999
or jeopardize them? Nakamata
is getting stronger now

00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:54.999
with all the publicity they have
received and with all the courage

00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:59.999
they have shown. So they are a threat
now to people who have been benefiting

00:53:00.000 --> 00:53:04.999
from the lands that they are claiming as their
ancestral domain. It\'s not the first time

00:53:05.000 --> 00:53:09.999
that NAKAMATA has been targeted with murder
and assault, but it\'s the first time

00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:15.000
they have video evidence
to publicize their case.

00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:24.999
Undoubtedly because of public
pressure and media attention,

00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:29.999
for the first time ever the National Bureau of
Investigation has followed up on a murder case

00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:34.999
among the NAKAMATA people. There report names
three suspects in the double murder case

00:53:35.000 --> 00:53:39.999
and calls for their arrest.

00:53:40.000 --> 00:53:45.000
The NAKAMATA and Joey interview the
National Bureau of Investigation or NBI.

00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:04.999
But it\'s the presence of Joey\'s camera which finally
motivates the federal agents to take action.

00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:09.999
[sil.]

00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:14.999
Their performance begins to
look like a TV cop show.

00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:19.999
The suspects are gone, so the
agents continue their search.

00:54:20.000 --> 00:54:28.000
[sil.]

00:54:35.000 --> 00:54:43.000
[music]

00:54:55.000 --> 00:54:59.999
The suspects got away and tribe
members believe that local police

00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:04.999
may have tipped them off.

00:55:05.000 --> 00:55:10.000
[sil.]

00:55:15.000 --> 00:55:23.000
Undaunted, the NAKAMATA Coalition continues

00:55:35.000 --> 00:55:39.999
to take small steps forward in their land
claims while Joey arms himself and others

00:55:40.000 --> 00:55:44.999
with the unexpected power
of new technologies.

00:55:45.000 --> 00:55:49.999
With over 150,000 cameras produced
since 1985, the Handicam Revolution

00:55:50.000 --> 00:55:54.999
is changing the world. Video technology

00:55:55.000 --> 00:55:59.999
can put in the hands of hundreds of thousands of
people, one of the most powerful fact finding tools

00:56:00.000 --> 00:56:04.999
in the arsenal of law enforcement.

00:56:05.000 --> 00:56:09.999
Obviously visual imagery has an impact that
written words don\'t, that\'s absolutely true.

00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:14.999
But I think the tension around

00:56:15.000 --> 00:56:19.999
that really simple truism is that we
want to encourage critical thinking.

00:56:20.000 --> 00:56:24.999
We want to encourage people to evaluate and
reevaluate what it is that they\'re being shown

00:56:25.000 --> 00:56:29.999
and what it is they\'re being told. The good part of
it is that it makes every single person virtually,

00:56:30.000 --> 00:56:34.999
every civilian, a cameraman or camerawomen.

00:56:35.000 --> 00:56:39.999
It\'s, it\'s an extraordinary, well, it\'s the obviously
the biggest revolutions since the industrial revolution

00:56:40.000 --> 00:56:44.999
in ways that we still don\'t even
probably understand that sure.

00:56:45.000 --> 00:56:49.999
It might also inspire other people
in other countries to do the same.

00:56:50.000 --> 00:56:54.999
So the risk is worth taking
with that kind of vision

00:56:55.000 --> 00:56:59.999
I have or expectation that I have.

00:57:00.000 --> 00:57:08.000
[sil.]