WEBVTT

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-Adolf Hitler neither finished school
nor had any vocational training.

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He occasionally lived
in homeless shelters

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or on the street.

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He refused to pursue a regular job.

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To this day, it seems inexplicable

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that he could come to power.

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Out of nowhere,
Hitler became the Fuhrer,

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leader of the German Reich,

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one of the most powerful men
of the 20th century

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who brought the world
to the brink of disaster

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and death to millions of people.

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The nation worshiped him

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and followed him blindly
into the abyss.

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During his lifetime,

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he kept his origins
and his life secret.

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No one should know how or who he was.

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Hitler\'s contemporaries
from his birth to his death

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flesh out the picture.

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Who was Hitler?

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[music]

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[music]

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[music]

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[music]

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-On June the 30th, 1903,

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the 72-year-old
Kaiser Franz Joseph the first,

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visits Braunau am Inn
to celebrate its 700th birthday.

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A historical coincidence,

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this older town
to Bavaria of all places

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is the origin
of the oldest film footage

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shot by an Austrian cinematographer.

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-\"In the late \'80s
of the last century,

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my parents lived
in a small town of the inn

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which is Bavarian by blood

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and Austrian by nationality.\"

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Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

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-The customs inspector, Alois Hitler,

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and his family occupy
a small apartment

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on the top floor
of the Palmer Hotel in Braunau.

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At Easter time,
on April the 20th 1889

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at about 6:30 in the evening,

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Adolf Hitler is born.

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-Parish register, Braunau.

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Adolf Hitler born
on April the 20th 1889

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at 6:30 in the evening.

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Baptized on April the 22nd

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at 3:15 by Ignat Proust.

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-\"To begin with, there\'s this
picture of little Adolf from 1889

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a few months after his birth.

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One thing worthy of note
in this first picture of Hitler

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is the close resemblance
of Adolf to his mother.\"

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August Kubizek,
a childhood friend of Adolf Hitler.

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-Adolf Hitler is the third
of the couple\'s six children.

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He and his younger sister, Paula,

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are the only ones
to survive beyond childhood.

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The mother is 28 years old
at the time of the birth.

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The father is 51.

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Klara Hitler is related
to Alois Hitler.

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She\'s her husband\'s second cousin.

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When Hitler is three years old,

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his father is transferred
to a new post

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and decides to move into an apartment

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in Passau on the German side
of the border.

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Adolf Hitler lives with his family
in Bavaria for three years

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until 1895.

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-\"Actually, Hitler didn\'t speak
a typical Austrian dialect.\"

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August Kubizek.

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-\"In my youth,

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my German was the dialect spoken
in lower Bavaria.\"

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Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

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-The oldest film recording
made in Austria, Hungary

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was shot by foreigners,

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the Lumiere brothers.

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It shows Vienna,

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the capital of a multinational empire
in the year 1896.

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-\"In old Austria,

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you could travel without a passport.

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From the Mediterranean,
over the Alps,

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way into the East,
the West and the North.\"

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Oscar Kokoshka

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[?].

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-Hitler\'s ancestry
from lower Austria,

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as well as a total of 21 years
spent in upper Austria and Vienna,

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do not suffice to make him Austrian

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in the sense of a citizen
of that nation.

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-Kurt Schuschnigg,

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Austrian Chancellor
from 1934 to 1938.

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Austrians who spoke
about the nation before 1938

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met the national culture
that extended beyond their borders

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which is what Austrian man
also identified with.

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-This cultural nation is Germany.

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Transporting a locomotive
through the streets of Kemlitz,

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16 workhorses pulled the locomotive

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as the factory has
no rail connection.

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The majority
of German-speaking Austrians

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feel close links to the Germans
in Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria,

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and the smaller federal states

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already united in a part
in the industrialized life.

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-\"He was a grumpy, reticent old man,

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and like a lot of political
free spirits at the time,

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a stern German nationalist.\"

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Josef Myolf, farmer
in a village of Leonding by Linz.

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-\"A visit to his parents\' grave.

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His school friends say his mother
was loving and kind-hearted,

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the father was
cold, silent, and strict.\"

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Joseph Goebbels,
diary, July 22nd, 1938.

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-\"I know I loved my father,

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but feared him all the more.\"

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Adolf Hitler, table talk,

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recorded by his secretary,
Christa Schroeder.

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-\"My brother Adolf provoked
my father to such extremes

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that he was beaten every day.\"

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Paula Hitler, later Paula Wolff.

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-In June 1939,

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Eva Brawn filmed the small farm

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in the village of Hafeld
in Upper Austria

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that Hitler\'s father leases
after retiring early in 1895.

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On May the 1st 1895,

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Hitler starts school
in a one-roomed schoolhouse

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in the neighboring village
of Fischlham.

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In the year 1897,

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Hitler\'s father
sells the farm in Hafeld.

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The family lives temporarily
in the smalltown of Lambach.

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In 1898,

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the Hitler family moves
to the village of Leonding near Linz.

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Here Hitler\'s father
buys property number 61

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including 1900 sq metres of land.

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After five years
of elementary school,

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in 1900

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Adolf Hitler aged 11

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begins secondary school
in the city of Linz.

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Adolf Hitler had to repeat his
first year at secondary school

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due to poor grades.

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-\"I remember the scrawny pale boy

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who commuted every day between
Linz and Leonding fairly well.

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He was definitely talented
on the one hand,

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but was lacking control of himself.

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He was considered rebellious

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and he didn\'t work hard.\"

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Dr. Edwand Schumer,
Hitler\'s French teacher.

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-The quiet life enjoyed
by the Hitler family

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on this little patch of land

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only lasted a few years.

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The head of the family died
unexpectedly of a heart attack

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in January 1903,

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[?] Leonding,
the Furher\'s hometown.

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-Alois Hitler leaves
his modest savings

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to his four surviving children.

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Alois and Angele from the second
of his three marriages,

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and Adolf and Paula.

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This inheritance is to be paid out
when they come of age.

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-The quiet cemetery of Leonding
was his final resting place.

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His widow moved
to the nearby city of Linz

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for the better educational
opportunities for her children,\"

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Max XIXth.

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-In 1904,

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Klara Hitler has
to send her son Aldof

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who due to bad grades is again
in danger of not moving up a class

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to the State Secondary School
in Steyr

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40 kilometers away.

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-\"Look at my school grades.

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I had bad marks in German.

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That idiot of the professor
spoil the German language for me.

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I would never be able
to write a proper letter,\"

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Adolf Hitler
in the Fuhrer\'s headquarters, 1943.

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Last grades of secondary school
in Steyr,

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diligence, inconsistent;

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German, insufficient;

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geography and history, sufficient,

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mathematics, insufficient;

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physics, satisfactory;

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freehand drawing, commendable;

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sport, excellent.

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-\"I don\'t have
a photograph of Adolf Hitler

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during the years of our friendship.

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There probably aren\'t any photos
of Hitler during this period.

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Everything that could be said
about images of Hitler,

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as a young man has already been said,

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were it not for the drawing
by a classmate

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from the fourth grade
of the junior high school in Steyr.

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By chance, this drawing
done in 1905 was preserved.

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The boy could only draw profiles.

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Nevertheless, there\'s something
peculiarly fascinating

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about this pencil sketch,\"

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August Kubizek.

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-After nine years,

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Adolf Hitler finishes school
without graduating.

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For the following three years,

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he lives in Linz
on his mother\'s pension,

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not really doing anything.

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-\"All of his relatives
considered him worthless.

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A person who shied away from any
gainful employment from the start,\"

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August Kubizek.

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-Adolf Hitler talks his mother

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into allowing him
to travel to Vienna.

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He wants to apply for admission
to the general painting class

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at the Academy of Fine Arts.

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-\"From early in the morning
to late at night,

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I ran from one sightseeing attraction
to the next,

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but the buildings were
the only things that fascinated me.

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All of ring street affected me like
a spell from the Arabian Nights.\"

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Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

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\"From 1904 to 1908

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I was Adolf Hitler\'s
only friend in Linz,

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and thereafter in Vienna,\"

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August Kubizek.

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-Hitler, who later
in the opinion of a few art experts

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was not entirely untalented

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manages to pass the first election,

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but is turned down after the second.

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-\"Adolf Hitler, born in Braunau,

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Upper Austria
on April the 20th, 1889.

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German, Catholic,

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few faces,

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test drawing unsatisfactory.\"

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Classification list
of the general painting class.

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-When Adolf Hitler disappointed
by the rejection

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returns to his family
in Linz after eight weeks,

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Klara Hitler is struck down
with a serious illness.

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She\'s suffering from a swelling.

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Nowadays it would be
diagnosed as cancer.

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For several months,

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Adolf Hitler devotedly
takes care of his mother at home.

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-\"Dr. Bloch,

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well-loved by all
was the Hitler family physician,\"

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August Kubizek.

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\"To a great degree,
the boy lived in his own world.

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I have no idea
what dreams he dreamt,\"

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Dr. Eduard Bloch,

00:14:37.009 --> 00:14:39.259
Jewish physician
of the Hitler family.

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-Klara Hitler dies in the night
of December the 21st 1907

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surrounded by her family.

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-\"The death of our mother had
a great effect on me and Adolf.

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We were very attached to our mother.

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When she died
Adolf stopped coming home,\"

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Paula Hitler, Adolf Hitler\'s sister.

00:15:06.949 --> 00:15:10.277
-In contrast to what Hitler\'s sister
Paula claims later,

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Adolf Hitler remains in Linz

00:15:12.163 --> 00:15:14.503
several weeks
after the death of his mother.

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He never tells his family
or his friend Kubizek

00:15:18.053 --> 00:15:20.837
that he failed the admissions tests
the previous year.

00:15:24.069 --> 00:15:27.123
-\"Apparently,
he was having some really bad days.

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He was easily irritated

00:15:29.076 --> 00:15:30.373
and gave me short shrift

00:15:30.541 --> 00:15:32.919
when I started to talk
about my studies,\"

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August Kubizek.

00:15:39.686 --> 00:15:41.475
-In the spring of 1908,

00:15:41.725 --> 00:15:45.574
Adolf Hitler begins living the life
of a wastrel in the metropolis.

00:15:47.686 --> 00:15:50.825
-\"Vienna was the most [?]
education in my life,\"

00:15:51.766 --> 00:15:53.653
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:15:55.180 --> 00:15:59.063
\"The small inheritance that was
diligently managed by his guardian

00:15:59.269 --> 00:16:02.562
had to cover both the cost
of living and his studies,

00:16:02.989 --> 00:16:05.004
he may have been able
to supplement his income

00:16:05.172 --> 00:16:07.502
through the sale
of drawings and paintings,\"

00:16:09.742 --> 00:16:11.022
August Kubizek.

00:16:16.069 --> 00:16:20.001
-For the next month there is
no trace of his activities in Vienna.

00:16:20.247 --> 00:16:22.247
He\'s broken off contact
with his family

00:16:22.415 --> 00:16:26.033
and he fails the second entrance test
at the Art Academy.

00:16:28.857 --> 00:16:32.047
He begins to copy
street views of Vienna from books

00:16:32.223 --> 00:16:34.384
and then sells them as postcards.

00:16:39.645 --> 00:16:41.787
-\"As a young, inexperienced man

00:16:42.048 --> 00:16:43.773
without any means of support,

00:16:44.159 --> 00:16:45.843
forced to get by on my own,

00:16:46.011 --> 00:16:48.117
the few kronan often only cents

00:16:48.285 --> 00:16:49.785
from the proceeds of my work

00:16:49.953 --> 00:16:52.595
were barely enough to pay
for my bed and board,\"

00:16:54.091 --> 00:16:56.018
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:16:57.545 --> 00:16:59.767
-Hitler\'s share
of his father\'s inheritance

00:16:59.935 --> 00:17:03.215
is paid out on April the 20th 1913,

00:17:03.500 --> 00:17:05.205
his 24th birthday.

00:17:06.795 --> 00:17:09.944
Hitler met Rudolph Heisler
in a men\'s hospital.

00:17:10.112 --> 00:17:13.407
With him, he wants to move
to the German city of Munich.

00:17:19.042 --> 00:17:21.777
-\"He was just full
of praise for this city.

00:17:22.190 --> 00:17:23.424
At the same time, he didn\'t forget

00:17:23.592 --> 00:17:26.463
the large beer gardens
and radishes, et cetera,\"

00:17:28.650 --> 00:17:30.892
Housemate of Hitler\'s in 1912.

00:17:37.115 --> 00:17:39.357
-\"I had arrived in this town as a boy

00:17:39.525 --> 00:17:42.393
and departed
as a quiet and serious man.\"

00:17:45.104 --> 00:17:47.079
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:17:53.006 --> 00:17:54.740
-The main reason for leaving Austria

00:17:54.908 --> 00:17:58.111
is probably that the later
commander-in-chief Adolf Hitler

00:17:58.279 --> 00:18:00.809
wants to get out
of doing military service.

00:18:00.977 --> 00:18:03.758
On Saturday, May the 24th 1913,

00:18:03.926 --> 00:18:07.035
Hitler and Heisler give notice
of departure to the police,

00:18:07.203 --> 00:18:09.500
but don\'t state
where they plan to live.

00:18:12.418 --> 00:18:14.921
In Munich,
Adolf Hitler has found the city

00:18:15.089 --> 00:18:17.362
that is to become
the center of his life.

00:18:17.647 --> 00:18:20.032
He does, however, remain an outsider.

00:18:20.949 --> 00:18:23.434
His inheritance helps
him build an uncertain

00:18:23.602 --> 00:18:26.694
yet adequate existence
on the fringe of society.

00:18:30.180 --> 00:18:37.180
[music]

00:18:37.347 --> 00:18:44.347
[music]

00:18:45.128 --> 00:18:50.413
[music]

00:18:57.335 --> 00:19:00.046
-\"It was a beautiful
Sunday afternoon in spring.

00:19:02.003 --> 00:19:04.410
Someone knocked on the door
and I answered it.

00:19:04.984 --> 00:19:08.183
It was a young man wanting
to see the room we were renting.

00:19:08.882 --> 00:19:11.727
I showed it to him
and we reached an agreement,\"

00:19:13.859 --> 00:19:15.984
Frau landlady,

00:19:16.221 --> 00:19:18.497
Schleissheimer-Strasse 34.

00:19:20.984 --> 00:19:23.250
-Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Heisler

00:19:23.457 --> 00:19:25.856
rent a room together
from the Taylor Pop

00:19:26.110 --> 00:19:28.504
at 34 Stiglmaierplatz

00:19:28.695 --> 00:19:30.383
near the district of Schwabing.

00:19:34.258 --> 00:19:36.125
-\"The younger generation
that we belong to

00:19:36.293 --> 00:19:38.219
didn\'t know anything about war,

00:19:38.387 --> 00:19:41.069
but were intoxicated by foreign wars.

00:19:41.643 --> 00:19:44.196
We had no real idea what war was.

00:19:44.598 --> 00:19:46.687
Adolf\'s father had
never been a soldier.

00:19:47.081 --> 00:19:51.592
Now and again, old men would talk
about [?],\"

00:19:54.556 --> 00:19:55.988
August Kubizek.

00:19:58.845 --> 00:20:03.069
-Diary, Monday, June 29th, 1914,

00:20:03.533 --> 00:20:05.158
\"Archduke Franz Ferdinand,

00:20:05.326 --> 00:20:07.670
the heir apparent
to the Austrian throne

00:20:07.838 --> 00:20:09.827
has been killed along with his wife,

00:20:10.816 --> 00:20:13.381
the scum of moral turpitude.\"

00:20:14.956 --> 00:20:17.696
Henrietta Schneider born 1872,

00:20:17.864 --> 00:20:19.771
housekeeper, East Prussia.

00:20:24.247 --> 00:20:26.723
-The incident triggers
a war in the Balkans

00:20:26.891 --> 00:20:29.293
that grows to become a World War.

00:20:35.791 --> 00:20:39.768
-\"For me, those hours were release
from the annoying emotions of youth.

00:20:40.264 --> 00:20:41.913
I\'m not ashamed to say today

00:20:42.081 --> 00:20:44.080
that I was overwhelmed
with enthusiasm,

00:20:44.248 --> 00:20:46.061
fell to my knees
and thanked the heavens

00:20:46.229 --> 00:20:47.901
with all my heart
that they had given me

00:20:48.069 --> 00:20:50.115
the good fortune
to live in this year,\"

00:20:52.421 --> 00:20:54.281
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:20:58.028 --> 00:21:00.496
-On August 2nd, 1914,

00:21:00.664 --> 00:21:03.399
the day after Germany
declares war on Russia,

00:21:03.621 --> 00:21:06.551
there was a big patriotic
rally on Odeonsplatz

00:21:06.719 --> 00:21:08.448
in front of the Town Hall.

00:21:11.733 --> 00:21:14.227
Heinrich Hoffmann
photographs the ceremony.

00:21:14.793 --> 00:21:16.622
Years later in an enlargement,

00:21:16.790 --> 00:21:18.790
he discovers a face among the masses,

00:21:18.918 --> 00:21:20.752
which is presumably Hitler\'s.

00:21:31.610 --> 00:21:33.664
-\"On August 5th, 1914,

00:21:33.832 --> 00:21:36.535
I enlisted in the Army
on a request to His Majesty

00:21:36.703 --> 00:21:39.580
and entered
the first Bavarian Infantry Regiment.

00:21:39.802 --> 00:21:41.594
I was deferred for several days,

00:21:41.762 --> 00:21:44.697
then transferred
to the Second Infantry Regiment.

00:21:45.076 --> 00:21:49.513
Finally assigned to the Bavarian
Reserve Infantry Regiment number 16

00:21:49.681 --> 00:21:51.577
on August 16th.\"

00:21:53.994 --> 00:21:56.760
Adolf Hitler, Outline of My Person.

00:22:01.789 --> 00:22:03.411
-For the first time in his life,

00:22:03.728 --> 00:22:05.942
Adolf Hitler wears a uniform.

00:22:09.478 --> 00:22:13.314
In the early morning hours
of October 21st, 1914,

00:22:13.482 --> 00:22:15.865
Hitler\'s regiment sets out
from Munich station

00:22:16.033 --> 00:22:17.569
in a westerly direction.

00:22:34.460 --> 00:22:37.749
Shortly after the first
combat mission of the list Regiment,

00:22:37.987 --> 00:22:40.218
Hitler is promoted to Lance Corporal.

00:22:42.378 --> 00:22:45.527
He will reject further promotions
during the course of the war.

00:22:46.394 --> 00:22:49.701
This would have involved
an attachment to other army units

00:22:50.010 --> 00:22:52.080
and Hitler would have
lost the camaraderie

00:22:52.248 --> 00:22:54.956
and security
of the regimental family.

00:23:03.672 --> 00:23:06.913
-\"For the first time,
Hitler was part of a bigger community

00:23:07.487 --> 00:23:09.542
and with that came
the order and structure

00:23:09.710 --> 00:23:12.491
that spared him
the daily struggle to survive,\"

00:23:15.577 --> 00:23:17.711
Fritz Weiderman, Lieutenant.

00:23:22.933 --> 00:23:24.367
-As of November 9th,

00:23:24.535 --> 00:23:26.805
Hitler is deployed
as a dispatch runner

00:23:27.004 --> 00:23:29.126
and assigned to the regimental staff.

00:23:29.613 --> 00:23:32.161
In the eyes of many soldiers
in the trenches,

00:23:32.344 --> 00:23:35.024
the staff orderlies
behind the immediate front

00:23:35.192 --> 00:23:36.885
are privileged cowards.

00:23:39.544 --> 00:23:41.298
-\"Whenever desk was on the prowl,

00:23:41.629 --> 00:23:44.020
a certain something
attempted to rebel,

00:23:44.188 --> 00:23:47.145
and appeared to the weak body
in the guise of reason,

00:23:47.516 --> 00:23:50.930
and was in fact only cowardice
that was behind this disguise

00:23:51.098 --> 00:23:53.081
trying to seduce the individual.

00:23:55.382 --> 00:23:57.843
By the winter of 1915-16

00:23:58.011 --> 00:24:00.614
this battle was
already decided for me.

00:24:01.117 --> 00:24:04.590
The will itself had finally
become my complete master.

00:24:04.953 --> 00:24:07.151
Now fate could put me to the test

00:24:07.319 --> 00:24:09.217
without me losing my nerves.

00:24:09.517 --> 00:24:12.378
A young war volunteer
had become an old soldier.\"

00:24:14.081 --> 00:24:16.076
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:24:19.539 --> 00:24:23.250
-Hitler is respected by his comrades
at regimental headquarters,

00:24:23.418 --> 00:24:25.355
but he remains an outsider.

00:24:25.523 --> 00:24:28.961
In five or six photos
showing Hitler with his comrades,

00:24:29.129 --> 00:24:32.225
he\'s either standing
or sitting to one side.

00:24:36.018 --> 00:24:38.487
Hitler is wounded
by British artillery shrapnel

00:24:38.655 --> 00:24:40.776
on October 5th, 1916,

00:24:40.944 --> 00:24:42.850
and is taken
to the Red Cross Hospital

00:24:43.018 --> 00:24:44.952
in Berlitz, South of Berlin.

00:24:47.166 --> 00:24:49.346
By March 1st, 1917

00:24:49.514 --> 00:24:52.528
he\'s back running dispatches
in the regimental staff.

00:24:53.912 --> 00:24:55.006
In the following months,

00:24:55.174 --> 00:24:57.666
he participates in combat activities.

00:25:00.060 --> 00:25:02.672
On August 4th, 1918,

00:25:02.917 --> 00:25:05.890
Hitler is awarded
the Iron Cross First Class,

00:25:06.128 --> 00:25:08.823
the highest military honor
that soldiers of his rank

00:25:08.991 --> 00:25:11.757
in the Imperial German Army
can receive.

00:25:12.269 --> 00:25:15.160
The nomination was submitted
by a Jewish officer,

00:25:15.397 --> 00:25:17.128
Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann.

00:25:20.518 --> 00:25:21.589
-\"I never got out of Hitler,

00:25:21.757 --> 00:25:24.511
the reason for his
fanatical hatred of Jews.

00:25:25.296 --> 00:25:27.968
The experience with Jewish offices
during the World War

00:25:28.136 --> 00:25:30.126
couldn\'t have contributed to this,\"

00:25:33.097 --> 00:25:35.419
Flitz Weiderman, Lieutenant.

00:25:40.558 --> 00:25:42.746
-In the night of October 13th,

00:25:43.066 --> 00:25:47.025
Hitler\'s war service ends
in a heavy British barrage.

00:25:50.957 --> 00:25:52.824
-\"Mustard Gas was used

00:25:53.023 --> 00:25:55.172
on a hill south of the city of Vivec.

00:25:55.481 --> 00:25:56.895
On October 13th,

00:25:57.063 --> 00:26:01.103
we came under several hours
of artillery fire with gas shells.

00:26:01.317 --> 00:26:02.732
Already around midnight,

00:26:02.900 --> 00:26:04.251
some of us dropped out,

00:26:04.419 --> 00:26:06.975
including some comrades permanently.

00:26:07.470 --> 00:26:10.045
In the morning I too experienced pain

00:26:10.213 --> 00:26:12.873
that grew stronger every 15 minutes.

00:26:13.111 --> 00:26:14.244
Then by seven o\'clock

00:26:14.420 --> 00:26:17.108
I staggered and stumbled back
with burning eyes

00:26:17.276 --> 00:26:19.627
taking my last message
of the war with me,\"

00:26:21.069 --> 00:26:23.532
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:26:26.287 --> 00:26:28.794
-After treatment
in a mobile Army Hospital,

00:26:29.055 --> 00:26:32.141
Adolf Hitler is transported
to the Prussian reserve Hospital

00:26:32.309 --> 00:26:34.746
in Pasewalk, Western Pomerania.

00:26:35.086 --> 00:26:39.338
He\'s been on the front
for 42 of the 51 months of the war.

00:26:39.552 --> 00:26:42.302
Hitler remains
in Pasewalk for 28 days

00:26:42.470 --> 00:26:44.456
during which the world changes.

00:26:47.576 --> 00:26:54.576
[music]

00:26:54.743 --> 00:27:01.743
[music]

00:27:02.513 --> 00:27:08.170
[music]

00:27:13.237 --> 00:27:15.455
-In the military hospital
in Pasewalk,

00:27:15.667 --> 00:27:17.932
Adolf Hitler
and the other patients learned

00:27:18.100 --> 00:27:19.944
that a revolution has taken place,

00:27:20.135 --> 00:27:21.643
the monarchy abdicated

00:27:22.026 --> 00:27:23.964
and a ceasefire being concluded.

00:27:31.120 --> 00:27:34.761
-\"I hadn\'t cried since the day
I stood by my mother\'s grave.

00:27:34.999 --> 00:27:37.304
Now, I couldn\'t stop myself.\"

00:27:39.636 --> 00:27:41.761
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:27:44.683 --> 00:27:46.675
-Like everything else in Mein Kampf,

00:27:46.882 --> 00:27:50.366
this portrayal is a stylization
and must be doubted.

00:27:50.979 --> 00:27:53.377
We don\'t know
whether it was Hitler\'s will

00:27:53.545 --> 00:27:57.451
or merely coincidence that influenced
his future cause from then on.

00:28:00.080 --> 00:28:02.643
On November 21st, 1918,

00:28:02.975 --> 00:28:04.889
Adolf Hitler returns to Munich.

00:28:05.334 --> 00:28:09.061
He tries to evade demobilization
and remain a soldier.

00:28:12.252 --> 00:28:15.244
There were clashes between supporters
of the Workers Councils

00:28:15.412 --> 00:28:18.138
and parliamentary democracy
in the state capital.

00:28:21.033 --> 00:28:25.216
The Social Democratic majority
allows right-wing volunteer groups

00:28:25.384 --> 00:28:26.916
the so-called Freikorps

00:28:27.138 --> 00:28:29.536
to break the power
of the Workers Councils.

00:28:37.324 --> 00:28:39.527
-A letter to Klara in Fritz Hess.

00:28:42.562 --> 00:28:45.234
\"The Volunteer Corps made
an excellent impression.

00:28:45.863 --> 00:28:48.965
Without them, we would have been
finished in Bavaria.\"

00:28:52.102 --> 00:28:55.430
Rudolf Hess,
student and member of the Freikorps.

00:29:02.033 --> 00:29:05.487
-Adolf Hitler keeps his distance
to the revolutionary forces,

00:29:05.912 --> 00:29:08.209
but also to their right-wing
opponents.

00:29:10.635 --> 00:29:13.518
During this period,
Hitler grows more radical.

00:29:14.126 --> 00:29:17.518
He\'s under the influence
of Army officers like Karl Mayr,

00:29:17.936 --> 00:29:19.811
the head of the intelligence
battalion.

00:29:23.357 --> 00:29:24.873
-\"When I met him for the first time,

00:29:25.127 --> 00:29:28.455
he came across as a tired stray dog
looking for an owner.\"

00:29:31.092 --> 00:29:33.858
Karl Mayr, captain of the Reichswehr.

00:29:38.083 --> 00:29:41.466
-Karl Mayr also finances
patriotic parties,

00:29:41.802 --> 00:29:43.669
like the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei,

00:29:43.876 --> 00:29:45.416
the German Workers Party,

00:29:45.969 --> 00:29:49.783
which is founded in Munich
on January 5th, 1919,

00:29:50.204 --> 00:29:52.172
mainly by a group of rear women.

00:29:56.907 --> 00:29:59.493
On September 12th 1919,

00:29:59.848 --> 00:30:02.794
Hitler who has in the meantime,
being demobbed

00:30:03.180 --> 00:30:06.500
is sent to spy
on the German Workers Party by Mayr

00:30:06.668 --> 00:30:08.832
who also provides financial support.

00:30:10.554 --> 00:30:11.585
-:During the discussion,

00:30:11.753 --> 00:30:14.452
a professor spoke
about separatist views.

00:30:14.837 --> 00:30:16.837
The second Narrator
then took the floor

00:30:17.005 --> 00:30:20.622
and in short, powerful words,
demolished the professor.

00:30:21.595 --> 00:30:22.970
It was Adolf Hitler,\"

00:30:26.141 --> 00:30:27.141
Michelle Lotter,

00:30:27.309 --> 00:30:29.789
secretary
of the German Workers Party.

00:30:29.957 --> 00:30:34.538
[music]

00:30:34.706 --> 00:30:38.253
-\"One day I had the opportunity
to talk to a large audience

00:30:38.444 --> 00:30:41.656
and what I had always
instinctively felt without knowing it

00:30:41.824 --> 00:30:43.074
turned out to be true.

00:30:43.855 --> 00:30:45.738
I could speak in public,\"

00:30:47.898 --> 00:30:49.952
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:30:52.787 --> 00:30:55.718
-In the second half
of September 1919,

00:30:56.113 --> 00:30:58.331
Hitler joins the German Workers Party

00:30:58.537 --> 00:31:01.358
and participates regularly
in its meetings.

00:31:03.303 --> 00:31:06.335
-\"Among the various right-wing
radical organizations,

00:31:06.663 --> 00:31:09.475
the NSDAP was
by no means the strongest,

00:31:09.967 --> 00:31:12.483
but it was the most active
and cohesive group.

00:31:13.057 --> 00:31:14.057
It\'s significance

00:31:14.225 --> 00:31:17.350
is solely the result of the effect
of Hitler as a Narrator.\"

00:31:20.330 --> 00:31:21.494
[?]

00:31:21.857 --> 00:31:23.080
son of a publisher,

00:31:23.248 --> 00:31:26.061
acquaintance of Adolf Hitler
from 1920.

00:31:29.966 --> 00:31:32.615
-On February the 24th, 1920,

00:31:33.021 --> 00:31:34.899
Hitler speaks for the first time

00:31:35.067 --> 00:31:38.279
in front of more than
a thousand people at the Hofbräuhaus.

00:31:38.879 --> 00:31:42.255
He also announces
the 25 point party program,

00:31:42.485 --> 00:31:45.298
which is formally valid
for a quarter of a century

00:31:45.544 --> 00:31:48.012
until the demise of the NSDAP.

00:31:52.981 --> 00:31:53.981
-\"First,

00:31:54.493 --> 00:31:58.055
we demand the unification
of all Germans in a Greater Germany,

00:31:58.293 --> 00:32:01.137
based on the right
of self determination of the people.

00:32:02.303 --> 00:32:03.303
Second,

00:32:03.914 --> 00:32:06.168
we demand equal rights
for the German people

00:32:06.336 --> 00:32:07.968
in respect to other nations

00:32:08.136 --> 00:32:10.804
as the abrogation
of the peace treaties of Versailles

00:32:10.972 --> 00:32:12.136
and Saint Germain.

00:32:13.288 --> 00:32:16.190
Third, we demand land and territory

00:32:16.358 --> 00:32:17.940
for the sustenance of our people

00:32:18.108 --> 00:32:20.601
and settlement
of our surplus population.

00:32:21.464 --> 00:32:25.253
Fourth, only a national comrade
can be a citizen.

00:32:25.628 --> 00:32:29.065
Only those of German blood
can be national comrades,

00:32:29.358 --> 00:32:30.835
regardless of creed.

00:32:31.597 --> 00:32:35.292
Consequently,
no Jew can be a national comrade.\"

00:32:37.855 --> 00:32:38.898
-A few days later,

00:32:39.066 --> 00:32:42.042
they changed their name
from the German Workers Party

00:32:42.437 --> 00:32:46.796
to the National Socialist
German Workers Party, or NSDAP.

00:32:48.155 --> 00:32:49.624
-\"Hitler was the party

00:32:50.023 --> 00:32:51.780
and the party was Hitler,\"

00:32:52.765 --> 00:32:53.929
[?]

00:32:54.097 --> 00:33:00.807
[music]

00:33:00.948 --> 00:33:03.409
-\"Because right now here in Munich,

00:33:03.859 --> 00:33:05.831
a movement is starting so strong

00:33:05.999 --> 00:33:09.280
that all young, powerful and healthy
forces are attracted to it.

00:33:09.839 --> 00:33:12.628
It is the National Socialist
German Workers Party.

00:33:13.835 --> 00:33:15.499
To make it absolutely clear,

00:33:16.101 --> 00:33:17.632
we are anti-semites.\"

00:33:20.097 --> 00:33:22.331
Ilse Pröhl, later Ilse Hess,

00:33:22.499 --> 00:33:25.691
from 1921 member of the NSDAP,

00:33:26.221 --> 00:33:28.191
letter to her former college teacher.

00:33:28.359 --> 00:33:31.870
[music]

00:33:33.198 --> 00:33:40.198
[music]

00:33:40.456 --> 00:33:47.034
[music]

00:33:47.222 --> 00:33:53.713
[music]

00:33:58.730 --> 00:34:00.965
-\"When the first
party Congress is held,

00:34:01.355 --> 00:34:03.847
the Augsburg SA is well represented.

00:34:04.281 --> 00:34:07.593
At this first public presentation,
I get the impression

00:34:07.823 --> 00:34:09.269
that this has substance.

00:34:09.437 --> 00:34:10.757
We are not alone.

00:34:11.421 --> 00:34:13.702
The idea of the fatherland
is growing.\"

00:34:16.980 --> 00:34:20.331
[?], Augsburg, former SA member.

00:34:23.335 --> 00:34:25.460
-The German economy collapses.

00:34:25.995 --> 00:34:27.901
In August, 1923,

00:34:28.101 --> 00:34:29.909
hyperinflation sets in.

00:34:33.659 --> 00:34:35.464
-\"Everything is getting worse.

00:34:35.632 --> 00:34:39.781
Famine, a loaf of bread 140 billion,

00:34:40.327 --> 00:34:42.421
then reduced again to 80 billion,

00:34:42.846 --> 00:34:45.034
famine, famine everywhere.\"

00:34:47.757 --> 00:34:48.890
Peter Kovitz,

00:34:49.355 --> 00:34:50.714
painter and sculptors.

00:34:55.488 --> 00:34:59.143
-The national associations
overestimate their own strength

00:34:59.373 --> 00:35:02.772
and believe that
parliamentary democracy is at an end.

00:35:06.030 --> 00:35:08.018
-Interview
with the daily mail newspaper

00:35:08.186 --> 00:35:10.655
October the 2nd, 1923.

00:35:12.112 --> 00:35:14.354
\"If Mussolini were
to appear in Germany,

00:35:14.522 --> 00:35:17.033
then the people would fall
on their knees and worship him

00:35:17.201 --> 00:35:19.835
more than Mussolini
has ever been worshiped,\"

00:35:22.276 --> 00:35:23.253
Adolf Hitler.

00:35:25.979 --> 00:35:27.420
-\"A large revolt from the right

00:35:27.588 --> 00:35:30.120
and Bavaria was
Ludendorff at its head,\"

00:35:33.061 --> 00:35:36.538
Henrietta Schneider,
District L, East Prussia.

00:35:38.721 --> 00:35:41.330
[music]

00:35:41.533 --> 00:35:44.470
-Report of the Regional Government
of Upper Bavaria,

00:35:44.661 --> 00:35:47.841
Munich, November the 9th, 1923.

00:35:49.751 --> 00:35:51.087
\"The day before yesterday,

00:35:51.441 --> 00:35:53.418
Hitler promised General Foloso

00:35:54.051 --> 00:35:55.380
and Colonel Fonzaisa

00:35:55.548 --> 00:35:57.977
personally that he would not
undertake anything.

00:35:58.531 --> 00:36:00.008
The answer to this word of honor

00:36:00.176 --> 00:36:02.903
was given last night
when with pistol in hand,

00:36:03.148 --> 00:36:06.711
Hitler extorted a deKlaration
in favor of a national dictatorship

00:36:06.879 --> 00:36:08.965
from general state
commissioner, Foncar,

00:36:09.265 --> 00:36:11.991
General Foloso and Colonel Fonzaisa.

00:36:15.378 --> 00:36:17.760
At that the same time,
the ministers present

00:36:17.928 --> 00:36:20.116
were taken into custody
by Hitler\'s people.\"

00:36:22.592 --> 00:36:24.248
-Hitler presents his suggestions

00:36:24.416 --> 00:36:26.466
for new governments
in Berlin and Munich

00:36:26.709 --> 00:36:28.449
and mentions Erich Lunderdoff

00:36:28.617 --> 00:36:31.589
as Fuhrer and chief
with dictatorial power

00:36:31.757 --> 00:36:33.570
over the German National Army.

00:36:33.933 --> 00:36:36.300
He asks the already
drunken audience--

00:36:36.468 --> 00:36:39.382
-\"Do you accept this solution
for the German question

00:36:39.550 --> 00:36:41.245
of a Greater German state?\"

00:36:41.666 --> 00:36:44.058
-Then as the crowd shouts
its agreement,

00:36:44.226 --> 00:36:45.608
Hitler proclaims--

00:36:45.866 --> 00:36:47.241
-\"Morning will either find us

00:36:47.409 --> 00:36:49.507
with the national government
in Germany,

00:36:49.768 --> 00:36:50.909
or find us dead.\"

00:36:52.558 --> 00:36:55.534
-The revolt is intended
to put Munich and Bavaria

00:36:55.709 --> 00:36:57.463
in the hands of the revolutionaries,

00:36:57.631 --> 00:37:01.678
and then with a March on Berlin
to topple the democratic system.

00:37:01.885 --> 00:37:05.354
The [?] accounting on defections
from the army in Bavaria

00:37:05.529 --> 00:37:07.088
and the Bavarian police.

00:37:07.295 --> 00:37:09.826
These however fail to materialize.

00:37:10.740 --> 00:37:12.627
On the morning of November the 10th,

00:37:12.795 --> 00:37:15.529
2000 revolutionaries, some armed,

00:37:15.728 --> 00:37:17.676
march from the [?]

00:37:17.844 --> 00:37:21.367
through the center of town
to Ludwigstraße at Odeonsplatz.

00:37:25.595 --> 00:37:26.759
10 years later,

00:37:27.051 --> 00:37:30.286
Munich, November the 9th, 1933,

00:37:31.063 --> 00:37:33.337
amateur film of a tradition

00:37:33.559 --> 00:37:36.419
that actually dates from the year
of the seizure of power.

00:37:36.798 --> 00:37:40.360
The annual March
of the old fighters of the NSDAP

00:37:40.528 --> 00:37:41.754
to the [?].

00:37:42.876 --> 00:37:45.414
Leading the column as in 1923

00:37:45.684 --> 00:37:48.118
are Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goring.

00:37:53.855 --> 00:37:55.872
-\"We retreated to it
to Cafe Stephanie.

00:37:56.273 --> 00:37:57.551
People soon came in there, said

00:37:57.719 --> 00:37:59.875
there had been a skirmish on the [?]

00:38:00.043 --> 00:38:01.710
and the enormous crowd of Hitler-men

00:38:01.878 --> 00:38:04.121
turned and ran away
from the state police.\"

00:38:06.117 --> 00:38:09.289
Oscar Maria Graff,
writer, From my Life.

00:38:09.457 --> 00:38:16.457
[music]

00:38:18.343 --> 00:38:20.835
-On November the 12th, 1923,

00:38:21.135 --> 00:38:24.713
Adolf Hitler is sent
to the fortress prison in Lansberg.

00:38:25.256 --> 00:38:27.045
He is given cell number seven.

00:38:30.604 --> 00:38:33.404
The leaders of the [?]
are put on trial for high treason

00:38:33.572 --> 00:38:36.233
in the main lecture theater
of the Central War School

00:38:36.577 --> 00:38:39.616
on February the 26th, 1924.

00:38:45.168 --> 00:38:47.199
-Report of [?] Emissary,

00:38:47.429 --> 00:38:49.515
March 13, 1924.

00:38:51.112 --> 00:38:53.331
\"I attended one
of the hearings myself

00:38:53.894 --> 00:38:56.401
and I was upset
to see how the observers

00:38:56.569 --> 00:38:59.803
who you could clearly see were
mostly from circles close to Hitler,

00:39:00.397 --> 00:39:03.600
used every opportunity to show
their support for the accused.\"

00:39:06.697 --> 00:39:08.425
[?]

00:39:11.712 --> 00:39:13.869
-Letter to Klara and Fritz Hess.

00:39:14.881 --> 00:39:16.920
\"Hitler\'s final statement enclosed.

00:39:17.088 --> 00:39:19.166
It is one of the best,
most powerful speeches

00:39:19.334 --> 00:39:20.502
that he is ever given.

00:39:20.670 --> 00:39:21.791
Even those in the courtroom

00:39:21.959 --> 00:39:23.971
who weren\'t particularly
friendly to Hitler

00:39:24.139 --> 00:39:25.341
were deeply moved.\"

00:39:27.596 --> 00:39:29.166
Rudolph Hess, student.

00:39:34.635 --> 00:39:38.526
-The verdict is handed down
on April the 1st, 1924.

00:39:38.997 --> 00:39:43.091
All of the accused with the exception
of Ludendorff are found guilty.

00:39:48.485 --> 00:39:51.016
In his 13 months in Landsberg prison,

00:39:51.384 --> 00:39:54.205
Adolf Hitler begins
the transcript of a manifesto

00:39:54.595 --> 00:39:57.127
that portrays his alleged
journey through life

00:39:57.295 --> 00:39:59.209
and his development as a politician

00:39:59.650 --> 00:40:01.556
and sets out his worldview.

00:40:05.713 --> 00:40:10.025
-\"I decided not only to clarify
the goals of our movement,

00:40:10.255 --> 00:40:12.981
but also to draw a picture
of its development.

00:40:13.630 --> 00:40:15.661
With that, I also had the chance

00:40:15.829 --> 00:40:18.599
to give a representation
of my own development.\"

00:40:19.446 --> 00:40:22.634
Adolf Hitler, Foreword to Mein Kampf.

00:40:24.821 --> 00:40:26.758
-The biographical parts of his book

00:40:26.926 --> 00:40:30.449
are, to a great extent,
exaggerated and unverified;

00:40:30.766 --> 00:40:33.805
however, his political goals
are deadly serious.

00:40:34.141 --> 00:40:36.359
His view of the world
is voluntaristic.

00:40:36.527 --> 00:40:38.473
He sees it as he wants to see it.

00:40:41.641 --> 00:40:45.929
Hitler\'s political gospel is derived
from a primitive Darwinian idea

00:40:46.097 --> 00:40:48.280
of a struggle for existence.

00:40:48.448 --> 00:40:52.116
It reflects the permanent fight
for survival of all against all

00:40:52.284 --> 00:40:54.690
transferred from nature
to human society.

00:40:54.858 --> 00:40:56.928
This struggle is, in his view,

00:40:57.072 --> 00:40:58.501
a selection process

00:40:58.669 --> 00:41:00.954
in which so-called
higher quality races

00:41:01.122 --> 00:41:02.942
have a better chance of survival.

00:41:03.250 --> 00:41:05.474
At its head is supposedly
a white person

00:41:05.642 --> 00:41:07.383
of the Nordic race of Aryans,

00:41:07.552 --> 00:41:09.239
the founders of culture.

00:41:11.411 --> 00:41:13.653
Like most anti semites before him,

00:41:14.001 --> 00:41:16.392
Hitler believes in a Jewish race

00:41:16.668 --> 00:41:18.856
disguised as a religious community.

00:41:20.469 --> 00:41:23.243
He sees Jews in history
as being parasites

00:41:23.419 --> 00:41:25.110
in the bodies of other nations

00:41:25.785 --> 00:41:28.918
and as contaminators
of the blood of the Aryan race.

00:41:35.301 --> 00:41:37.770
-\"For hours, the blackhaired jew boy

00:41:37.938 --> 00:41:40.290
waits to ambush the unsuspecting girl

00:41:40.465 --> 00:41:42.251
who he pollutes with his blood

00:41:42.419 --> 00:41:44.493
and thus steals her from her people.

00:41:45.340 --> 00:41:47.114
With the same hidden agenda,

00:41:47.282 --> 00:41:49.364
destroying the hated white race

00:41:49.532 --> 00:41:52.454
with the inevitable
resulting bastardization.\"

00:41:55.208 --> 00:41:57.239
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:41:58.575 --> 00:41:59.723
-In another chapter,

00:41:59.891 --> 00:42:03.013
Hitler draft plans
for territorial living space

00:42:03.181 --> 00:42:04.989
for his Aryan German people.

00:42:05.157 --> 00:42:08.067
-\"We are stopping the endless
German movement southwards

00:42:08.328 --> 00:42:11.227
and turning our gaze
towards the land in the east.

00:42:12.153 --> 00:42:14.739
If today we speak
of new land in Europe,

00:42:15.149 --> 00:42:17.727
we can primarily
only have in mind Russia

00:42:17.925 --> 00:42:20.020
that have vassal border states,\"

00:42:21.363 --> 00:42:23.418
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

00:42:25.870 --> 00:42:32.870
[music]

00:42:33.038 --> 00:42:40.038
[music]

00:42:40.206 --> 00:42:47.206
[music]

00:42:54.902 --> 00:42:58.293
-Diary, January the 14th, 1925.

00:43:00.691 --> 00:43:01.691
\"At the end of the month,

00:43:01.859 --> 00:43:03.644
Hitler wants to call
for the reestablishment

00:43:03.812 --> 00:43:06.242
of the National Socialist
German Workers\' Party.

00:43:06.972 --> 00:43:08.144
The only thing to do.\"

00:43:11.558 --> 00:43:12.633
Joseph Goebbels.

00:43:18.795 --> 00:43:24.049
-Hitler\'s remaining sentence
of three years, 333 days,

00:43:24.217 --> 00:43:27.385
21 hours, and 50 minutes is waived

00:43:27.553 --> 00:43:30.608
according to the pedantic
leaves act court records.

00:43:31.043 --> 00:43:34.036
On February the 27th, 1925,

00:43:34.465 --> 00:43:36.895
Hitler reestablishes the party.

00:43:38.375 --> 00:43:41.157
In the first round of elections
for German president

00:43:41.325 --> 00:43:43.914
on March the 29th, 1925,

00:43:44.082 --> 00:43:47.296
Erich Ludendorff
is the candidate of the NSDAP

00:43:47.464 --> 00:43:49.229
and other nationalistic groups.

00:43:49.397 --> 00:43:52.593
He only receives 1.1% of the votes.

00:43:52.761 --> 00:43:54.843
When Paul von Hindenburg
enters the race

00:43:55.011 --> 00:43:56.462
in the second round of voting,

00:43:56.630 --> 00:43:58.579
Hitler orders his party to support

00:43:58.747 --> 00:44:01.630
the aging 70-seven-year-old
army general.

00:44:01.798 --> 00:44:04.415
Hitler and Ludendorff
go separate ways.

00:44:04.826 --> 00:44:08.068
Hitler is now the sole leader
of the national camp.

00:44:11.868 --> 00:44:15.146
-Diary, April the 26th, 1925.

00:44:16.001 --> 00:44:17.322
\"Hindenburg elected,

00:44:17.853 --> 00:44:20.345
because he\'s a man that
Germany needs at this time.

00:44:20.513 --> 00:44:21.779
Is he not too old?

00:44:22.079 --> 00:44:23.650
Too easy to influence?\"

00:44:26.451 --> 00:44:29.333
Bella Fromm,
German Jewish journalist.

00:44:34.618 --> 00:44:36.571
-From 1924 onwards,

00:44:36.739 --> 00:44:38.579
the German economy recovers.

00:44:39.513 --> 00:44:43.481
This leads to the five golden years
of the Weimar Republic.

00:44:47.141 --> 00:44:48.200
-\"Looking back on it now,

00:44:48.368 --> 00:44:54.540
I see the mad world of this Berlin
of 1928-29 as a Pompeiian revel

00:44:54.761 --> 00:44:57.035
on the eve of the Vesuvian eruption.\"

00:45:01.601 --> 00:45:02.601
Sefton Delmer,

00:45:03.246 --> 00:45:05.824
correspondent
of the Daily Express in Berlin.

00:45:10.848 --> 00:45:13.254
-\"The Nazis hated culture itself

00:45:14.129 --> 00:45:16.559
because it is
essentially international

00:45:16.914 --> 00:45:19.297
and therefore subversive
of nationalism.\"

00:45:22.699 --> 00:45:25.428
Christopher Isherwood,
British-American writer.

00:45:25.596 --> 00:45:30.354
[music]

00:45:30.862 --> 00:45:37.862
[music]

00:45:38.475 --> 00:45:41.167
-\"In the 1920s,
Berlin was ahead of everything

00:45:41.335 --> 00:45:43.607
that was known as new in our field.

00:45:43.838 --> 00:45:45.057
It had everything.

00:45:45.389 --> 00:45:49.545
Reinhardt\'s great theater,
great film studios, great films,

00:45:49.979 --> 00:45:52.088
the most beautiful bars
and restaurants,

00:45:52.256 --> 00:45:53.541
including gay bars.

00:45:54.255 --> 00:45:57.014
Berlin was productive
and rich with ideas,

00:45:57.283 --> 00:46:00.291
rich in ideals
and at the same time, practical.

00:46:00.611 --> 00:46:03.299
A combination never achieved before.\"

00:46:05.389 --> 00:46:09.225
Marlene Dietrich,
actress and singer, Memoirs.

00:46:09.393 --> 00:46:16.393
[music]

00:46:16.986 --> 00:46:19.650
-\"Art was no longer
a mere ornament of life,

00:46:19.818 --> 00:46:21.756
but rather its immediate expression.

00:46:23.481 --> 00:46:26.114
Cubism, futurism, expressionism,

00:46:27.024 --> 00:46:28.306
whatever you want to call it,

00:46:28.595 --> 00:46:29.861
this is how we were.

00:46:30.067 --> 00:46:31.337
This was our world,

00:46:31.864 --> 00:46:35.450
so shaken and shocked
that everything was upside down.

00:46:37.469 --> 00:46:40.407
Surrealism? Of course, what else?\"

00:46:42.973 --> 00:46:45.270
Vicki Baum, writer and journalist.

00:46:45.438 --> 00:46:51.934
[music]

00:46:52.102 --> 00:46:54.422
-Despite the lack
of political success,

00:46:54.680 --> 00:46:57.414
the party stages spectacular rallies

00:46:57.582 --> 00:46:59.348
first in Munich and Weimar,

00:47:00.898 --> 00:47:03.133
then from 1927 onwards,

00:47:03.351 --> 00:47:05.094
exclusively in Nuremberg.

00:47:11.590 --> 00:47:15.308
-Diary, Nuremberg,
August the 4th, 1929.

00:47:16.792 --> 00:47:19.995
\"A stampede of people
that exceeds our wildest hopes.

00:47:21.570 --> 00:47:23.859
Outside,
the drums are already booming.

00:47:24.710 --> 00:47:26.945
Torchlight processions,
endlessly long.\"

00:47:29.476 --> 00:47:32.726
Joseph Goebbels,
NSDAP leader of Berlin.

00:47:38.298 --> 00:47:39.727
-\"The party conventions are,

00:47:39.895 --> 00:47:42.072
without question,
Hitler\'s personal work,

00:47:42.272 --> 00:47:44.358
just as he was involved
in building the SA

00:47:44.526 --> 00:47:46.760
from the smallest details
of the uniforms

00:47:47.042 --> 00:47:48.690
to the color of the color patches.

00:47:49.076 --> 00:47:50.076
He concerned himself

00:47:50.244 --> 00:47:52.255
with the planning
of the party conventions

00:47:52.677 --> 00:47:55.548
right down to the decorations
in the Congress Hall.\"

00:47:58.595 --> 00:48:02.243
Albert Krebs, NSDAP leader, Hamburg.

00:48:04.206 --> 00:48:07.119
-\"Through the city,
a triumphant procession.

00:48:07.807 --> 00:48:09.807
Everyone cheering
and throwing flowers.

00:48:10.530 --> 00:48:13.210
March-past almost four hours.

00:48:14.748 --> 00:48:16.475
A sea of joy and flowers.\"

00:48:20.889 --> 00:48:22.737
Joseph Goebbels, diary.

00:48:27.253 --> 00:48:30.069
-The continuing fragmentation
of the party landscape

00:48:30.237 --> 00:48:33.339
is advantageous
for the rise of the NSDAP.

00:48:34.225 --> 00:48:36.487
In elections,
they win more and more support

00:48:36.655 --> 00:48:38.796
from the splinter
and protest parties.

00:48:47.158 --> 00:48:49.221
After imprisonment in Landsberg,

00:48:49.549 --> 00:48:52.674
Hitler becomes the sole leader
of the nationalist movement.

00:48:53.467 --> 00:48:55.389
He feels chosen by destiny

00:48:55.557 --> 00:48:58.365
to show Germany
the way to national salvation.

00:48:59.104 --> 00:49:02.080
Although the party remains
unsuccessful at the polls

00:49:02.209 --> 00:49:04.584
and membership increases only slowly,

00:49:05.014 --> 00:49:07.779
the personality cult
around Hitler is growing.

00:49:08.759 --> 00:49:10.306
This Führer cult

00:49:10.478 --> 00:49:12.787
post the National Socialist
Movement together

00:49:12.955 --> 00:49:14.951
across ideological divisions

00:49:15.119 --> 00:49:16.689
and personal differences.

00:49:24.461 --> 00:49:27.484
Between 1925 and 1929,

00:49:27.652 --> 00:49:31.507
Hitler\'s small political movement
is marked by activism, dynamism,

00:49:31.675 --> 00:49:34.460
enthusiasm, usefulness, and strength.

00:49:35.602 --> 00:49:39.952
Nearly 60% of new party members
are under 30 years old.

00:49:48.905 --> 00:49:51.119
-\"Street processions,
press promotions,

00:49:51.287 --> 00:49:53.131
propaganda tools into the provinces

00:49:53.299 --> 00:49:56.045
created an atmosphere
of activism intention.

00:49:56.440 --> 00:49:59.026
There were countless clashes
and wounded people,

00:50:00.264 --> 00:50:02.553
even dead people left in the square.\"

00:50:05.893 --> 00:50:07.807
[?] autobiography.

00:50:14.052 --> 00:50:15.707
-In February 1930,

00:50:15.875 --> 00:50:18.571
one of the casualties
will be the Berlin student,

00:50:18.739 --> 00:50:19.739
Haus Vessal.

00:50:36.630 --> 00:50:44.234
For the last time, call to arms is sounded!

00:50:45.003 --> 00:50:51.721
For the fight, we all stand prepared!

00:50:52.198 --> 00:50:59.748
Soon Hitler\'s banners will fly over all streets.

00:51:00.639 --> 00:51:06.248
The time of bondage will last but a little while!

00:51:10.553 --> 00:51:11.716
...with dilligence,

00:51:12.262 --> 00:51:16.445
...through learning, and I must say
by starvation, slowly ...

00:51:16.613 --> 00:51:22.669
...the spectre of Asian Bolshevism systemetically
impplemented by the Versailles Treaty ...

00:51:23.341 --> 00:51:26.882
...and I once made the decision ...

00:51:27.109 --> 00:51:30.051
...better knowledge, now to override ...

00:51:31.500 --> 00:51:34.148
-On November 16th, 1928,

00:51:34.410 --> 00:51:37.082
for the first time
after the ban on public speaking

00:51:37.250 --> 00:51:38.645
in Prussia has been lifted,

00:51:39.281 --> 00:51:41.781
Hitler speaks
in the [?] Palace in Berlin

00:51:41.949 --> 00:51:44.973
allegedly in front
of 18,000 supporters.

00:51:45.218 --> 00:51:46.644
For the first time, he uses

00:51:46.812 --> 00:51:49.039
an electroacoustic
sound system

00:51:49.308 --> 00:51:50.992
speaking into a microphone,

00:51:51.464 --> 00:51:53.042
and for the first time,

00:51:53.210 --> 00:51:57.226
his words are clearly understood
in every corner of a large space.

00:52:10.934 --> 00:52:12.402
Hail!

00:52:12.735 --> 00:52:14.571
... National Comrads ...

00:52:14.868 --> 00:52:15.868
... victory...

00:52:16.626 --> 00:52:18.032
...or defeat ...

00:52:18.712 --> 00:52:20.860
... the middle class in destitute ...

00:52:22.477 --> 00:52:23.907
... the finances ...

00:52:24.602 --> 00:52:29.703
... so it is typically German to possess 30 parties...