00:00:16.658 --> 00:00:18.992
[brooding music]

00:00:42.075 --> 00:00:43.783
[water gurgling]

00:00:57.283 --> 00:00:59.533
[flame roaring]

00:01:30.492 --> 00:01:32.742
[officiant] The purity of
the gold is a symbolization

00:01:32.742 --> 00:01:34.492
of the purity of
the love that you guys have

00:01:34.492 --> 00:01:36.617
for one another in your hearts.

00:01:36.617 --> 00:01:38.117
Gold doesn't tarnish over time.

00:01:38.117 --> 00:01:39.325
Gold will always be pure.

00:01:40.492 --> 00:01:41.700
-I will.
-I will.

00:01:41.700 --> 00:01:43.075
-Always.
-Always.

00:01:43.075 --> 00:01:44.325
-Be there.
-Be there.

00:01:44.325 --> 00:01:45.450
[officiant] And place the ring

00:01:45.450 --> 00:01:46.492
upon her hand, completing

00:01:46.492 --> 00:01:47.575
the circle.

00:01:50.617 --> 00:01:52.367
Try that one on,
and see if that one,

00:01:52.367 --> 00:01:53.575
see how you get on
with that one.

00:01:55.658 --> 00:01:57.658
[Alan] I did a talk at
the London Jewelry Week,

00:01:57.658 --> 00:02:00.367
so asked them, I said,
"Put your hands up,

00:02:00.367 --> 00:02:03.408
put your hands up in the air
if you have a gold ring on,"

00:02:03.408 --> 00:02:07.492
and so, 50%, or about 50%,
put their hands up.

00:02:07.492 --> 00:02:10.908
And I said, "Right, keep your hands up if
you know where the gold came from in your ring,"

00:02:10.908 --> 00:02:12.825
and they all put
their hands down.

00:02:12.825 --> 00:02:15.117
[dramatic music]

00:02:33.075 --> 00:02:34.742
[Shaun] This is like
playing detective.

00:02:36.950 --> 00:02:39.033
The best thing
you can use is your eyes.

00:02:40.700 --> 00:02:42.617
You're looking for
something different.

00:02:43.492 --> 00:02:45.950
We're trying to figure out
what this place looked like

00:02:45.950 --> 00:02:48.075
40 to 50 million years ago,

00:02:48.075 --> 00:02:50.783
when the mineralization
actually came into the rocks.

00:02:57.200 --> 00:03:00.158
Here at Calida we can
follow the vein for a mile,

00:03:00.950 --> 00:03:02.700
but then we hit two valleys,

00:03:02.700 --> 00:03:05.158
and it's not on the other side,
so where is it?

00:03:05.158 --> 00:03:06.950
[machine clattering]

00:03:10.450 --> 00:03:12.033
That becomes the challenge.

00:03:17.075 --> 00:03:18.783
[Shaun] We're probably
going to be spending a million,

00:03:18.783 --> 00:03:21.408
million and a half
this year on this project.

00:03:22.283 --> 00:03:25.242
If it's successful, we'll spend
another four, five million next year.

00:03:26.200 --> 00:03:30.242
In exploration,
you have huge, huge rewards,

00:03:30.242 --> 00:03:32.867
but huge, huge risks
of actually finding something.

00:03:46.825 --> 00:03:48.950
Sometimes it's flakes
the size of a pinhead.

00:03:51.367 --> 00:03:52.450
Holy crap!

00:03:53.533 --> 00:03:56.575
Thought I found some gold
there for a minute. [laughs]

00:03:59.283 --> 00:04:00.908
This is where we get
down a little bit more.

00:04:04.200 --> 00:04:06.533
If you notice, right in here,
right around the brown,

00:04:06.533 --> 00:04:09.867
you see all the little specks?
That's where the gold occurs.

00:04:09.867 --> 00:04:13.200
You get enough of those, that
makes it an economic deposit.

00:04:14.158 --> 00:04:16.867
[dramatic music]
[airplane engine roaring]

00:04:18.575 --> 00:04:20.575
[Ross] Gold travels discretely.

00:04:20.575 --> 00:04:22.867
Most days of the week
at Heathrow Airport

00:04:22.867 --> 00:04:25.075
there'll be between
five and ten aircraft landing

00:04:25.075 --> 00:04:28.075
with a sizable shipment of
gold going into a secure vault.

00:04:36.158 --> 00:04:37.825
In London's stock markets,

00:04:37.825 --> 00:04:40.200
it's all about this,
a physical market.

00:04:40.200 --> 00:04:41.658
It's all about the hard metal.

00:04:43.450 --> 00:04:45.533
It is very narrowly
controlled and confined

00:04:45.533 --> 00:04:47.242
between gold vaults,

00:04:47.242 --> 00:04:49.700
and then it's released
into the retail market.

00:05:00.700 --> 00:05:03.950
Now, the interesting thing about
a one-ounce gold bar or coin

00:05:03.950 --> 00:05:07.200
is it holds its value
in the very, very long term.

00:05:07.200 --> 00:05:09.658
Money dissolves,
whereas gold maintains

00:05:09.658 --> 00:05:12.742
what economists call
purchasing power parity.

00:05:12.742 --> 00:05:16.867
It's a safe-haven asset, and it'll protect
you in times of economic uncertainty.

00:05:25.950 --> 00:05:29.033
A safe-haven asset
is not just what you buy,

00:05:29.033 --> 00:05:31.450
it's also where you keep it,
which is why here,

00:05:31.450 --> 00:05:33.700
clients can walk in
and buy it, take it home.

00:05:34.783 --> 00:05:36.908
Some of our clients,
and we don't like it,

00:05:36.908 --> 00:05:38.700
bury it in their gardens.

00:05:39.158 --> 00:05:40.950
[brooding music]

00:05:40.950 --> 00:05:44.617
If you had a one-ounce
coin in Biblical times,

00:05:44.617 --> 00:05:47.575
2,000 years ago, it would
buy you a suit of clothing.

00:05:47.575 --> 00:05:49.200
In Henry VIII's time,

00:05:49.200 --> 00:05:52.367
an ounce of gold would
buy you a suit of armor.

00:05:52.367 --> 00:05:56.158
And today you can get suited
and booted for 1,000 pounds.

00:05:57.450 --> 00:06:00.283
It maintains its value
in the long term,

00:06:00.283 --> 00:06:01.867
unlike money, which decays.

00:06:01.867 --> 00:06:03.867
[machine stamps]

00:06:03.867 --> 00:06:05.325
If you made it
an infinite supply,

00:06:05.325 --> 00:06:07.533
well, then it
would have no value,

00:06:08.200 --> 00:06:10.408
so scarcity is what gives
it its economic power.

00:06:13.075 --> 00:06:14.742
So much of the modern
financial world

00:06:14.742 --> 00:06:17.950
is extraordinarily
complex and abstract,

00:06:17.950 --> 00:06:21.658
and gold is very concrete. You can hold it,
you can dig it out of the ground,

00:06:21.658 --> 00:06:24.825
and it feels therefore
reliable to people.

00:06:26.283 --> 00:06:29.700
When the economy does poorly,
a lot of people buy gold.

00:06:30.825 --> 00:06:32.658
[brokers yelling]

00:06:33.825 --> 00:06:38.533
[Ross] From January 2000,
gold went up 16% year-on-year,

00:06:38.533 --> 00:06:41.992
until 2008,
when the economic crisis hit.

00:06:42.658 --> 00:06:45.742
Then it traveled at 24% a year,

00:06:45.742 --> 00:06:47.908
so gold went absolute ballistic.

00:06:54.200 --> 00:06:56.408
Gold is not an asset class,
it's a religion.

00:06:57.492 --> 00:07:01.617
And people have a view about
gold which goes beyond

00:07:01.617 --> 00:07:03.575
what is realistic about
any normal asset class.

00:07:03.575 --> 00:07:05.575
[brooding music]

00:07:12.200 --> 00:07:15.158
[James] It is so linked
to our sense of ourselves

00:07:15.158 --> 00:07:17.908
in ways that I think many
people don't even recognize.

00:07:20.283 --> 00:07:22.033
[Shaun] It's built into
our whole psyche.

00:07:23.283 --> 00:07:24.408
Gold is like that.

00:07:26.325 --> 00:07:31.450
No other element has that same
pizzazz, nothing like gold.

00:07:35.200 --> 00:07:37.825
You have the gold bugs,
some people that love gold,

00:07:37.825 --> 00:07:39.533
so they will invest.

00:07:39.533 --> 00:07:41.825
Sometimes I call it mining
the public. [laughs]

00:07:44.283 --> 00:07:46.742
It's a huge gamble,
and that's why people do it.

00:07:47.242 --> 00:07:49.617
140, there's about 400,000...

00:07:49.617 --> 00:07:51.492
[Shaun] They're addicted,
just like gambling.

00:07:52.783 --> 00:07:55.617
You have got people that
are crazy about gold,

00:07:55.617 --> 00:07:57.617
and they are just like
going to the casino,

00:07:57.617 --> 00:07:59.617
and betting on
the roulette wheel.

00:07:59.617 --> 00:08:02.200
The odds are slightly better
on the roulette wheel. [laughs]

00:08:02.200 --> 00:08:04.075
[explosions booming]

00:08:20.742 --> 00:08:22.700
[brooding music]

00:09:00.617 --> 00:09:02.783
[ominous music]

00:09:06.117 --> 00:09:08.825
[metal clanking]

00:09:13.992 --> 00:09:16.117
[James] Had the gold
not been discovered,

00:09:16.117 --> 00:09:19.617
it's very hard to imagine
the United States

00:09:19.617 --> 00:09:22.825
occupying the kind of
central place in the world

00:09:22.825 --> 00:09:24.242
that we see after World War I.

00:09:28.325 --> 00:09:32.242
But it is really, really integral to
the country's economic history,

00:09:32.242 --> 00:09:36.325
and we sort of think that we should be
at the center of the world at some level,

00:09:36.325 --> 00:09:37.950
and in part I think
that has a lot to do

00:09:37.950 --> 00:09:39.575
with the discovery of gold here.

00:09:39.575 --> 00:09:41.283
And the feeling that,

00:09:42.075 --> 00:09:43.867
"but of course,
it's our birthright.

00:09:44.658 --> 00:09:46.575
God put the gold there,

00:09:46.575 --> 00:09:48.867
because he wanted the United
States to be prosperous."

00:09:48.867 --> 00:09:50.617
That's the way that
people thought.

00:09:51.950 --> 00:09:53.908
[water trickling]

00:09:56.617 --> 00:09:58.492
[tranquil music]

00:10:05.867 --> 00:10:07.617
[Shaun] The potential here is
for a million ounces of gold.

00:10:10.325 --> 00:10:12.158
So, I went
and took a look at it,

00:10:12.158 --> 00:10:14.742
and said, "Okay, how are
we going to go after this?"

00:10:16.075 --> 00:10:17.283
So, we have to explore.

00:10:25.867 --> 00:10:28.783
Because of the technology,
the rise in price,

00:10:28.783 --> 00:10:31.367
that lowers the cost,
and that's what it's all about.

00:10:31.367 --> 00:10:33.367
What does it cost for you
to produce an ounce of gold?

00:10:46.825 --> 00:10:48.408
[Bryan] There was
hundreds of people

00:10:48.408 --> 00:10:51.158
up and down this crick
during the Depression,

00:10:51.825 --> 00:10:54.242
and if they would work
six or seven days a week,

00:10:54.242 --> 00:10:56.367
they could scratch
out enough gold

00:10:56.367 --> 00:10:59.408
to trade for groceries
at Emigrant.

00:10:59.408 --> 00:11:01.367
-Yeah.
-But it saved them.

00:11:01.367 --> 00:11:02.825
It saved them in that respect.

00:11:02.825 --> 00:11:04.492
-They were mining for food.
-Yes.

00:11:05.200 --> 00:11:06.783
[Bryan] You know, my mother
and father-in-law

00:11:06.783 --> 00:11:08.908
were among the ones doing that.

00:11:11.158 --> 00:11:13.075
[Joseph] I have photos,
and there's not a single tree

00:11:13.075 --> 00:11:14.742
anywhere on these hillsides,

00:11:14.742 --> 00:11:16.825
'cause the old miners
cut 'em all down.

00:11:17.617 --> 00:11:19.367
Why would we want
to go back to that?

00:11:25.992 --> 00:11:28.492
[Joe] When we first heard
about this project,

00:11:28.492 --> 00:11:30.575
then we got the scoping notice
from the forestry service,

00:11:30.575 --> 00:11:33.617
first thing we did is we went
and found this technical report.

00:11:33.617 --> 00:11:35.283
You look on the map here,
and you go, oh,

00:11:35.283 --> 00:11:38.325
it's literally everything
we see in front of us,

00:11:38.325 --> 00:11:40.325
plus most of everything
that's behind us.

00:11:41.158 --> 00:11:42.408
It's the whole valley.

00:11:43.825 --> 00:11:47.408
They're saying that there's
two billion tons of ore here.

00:11:49.492 --> 00:11:52.033
[Shaun] The top
500 to 1,000 feet

00:11:52.033 --> 00:11:54.700
has been explored just
about everywhere.

00:11:54.700 --> 00:11:58.533
Before you had to have
30 gram gold per ton.

00:11:58.533 --> 00:12:00.992
Today that's super
high grade for us.

00:12:00.992 --> 00:12:03.867
We're down to mining
half a gram per ton.

00:12:06.533 --> 00:12:08.867
[Joseph] That's something like
300 trucks a day,

00:12:08.867 --> 00:12:10.950
365 days a year, for 20 years.

00:12:15.825 --> 00:12:19.575
They've told me this, "We're not going to
come up and rape and pillage your backyard.

00:12:19.575 --> 00:12:21.575
We would never do that."

00:12:21.575 --> 00:12:22.825
Those were their words.

00:12:23.867 --> 00:12:26.450
I'm like, "You can't take a
billion tons of ore out of here,

00:12:26.450 --> 00:12:28.158
plus all the waste rock,

00:12:28.158 --> 00:12:31.242
without destroying this
incredible landscape."

00:12:31.242 --> 00:12:32.367
I mean, look at it.

00:12:32.367 --> 00:12:34.117
[tranquil music]

00:12:59.450 --> 00:13:01.033
[geyser rumbling]

00:13:03.283 --> 00:13:05.867
[Bryan] Yellowstone tourism
has been increasing

00:13:07.117 --> 00:13:11.283
without a hiccup,
hardly, since 1946.

00:13:11.283 --> 00:13:12.992
71 years of growth.

00:13:13.992 --> 00:13:15.325
That's pretty dependable.

00:13:16.950 --> 00:13:18.408
[wood crunching]

00:13:18.408 --> 00:13:20.075
Industrial-size gold mines,

00:13:21.200 --> 00:13:24.117
the money leaves here,
it doesn't stay here.

00:13:27.783 --> 00:13:31.075
Our pioneering-spirited
entrepreneurs,

00:13:31.075 --> 00:13:32.492
that money stays here.

00:13:36.908 --> 00:13:39.742
[water splashing]

00:13:45.908 --> 00:13:49.908
[Aaron] I came to Yellowstone
Park as a sophomore in college.

00:13:51.450 --> 00:13:54.658
All of it just seemed
so wild and untouched

00:13:54.658 --> 00:13:56.867
that I was very drawn to it.

00:13:58.158 --> 00:14:01.158
This is a giant
life source for us.

00:14:02.075 --> 00:14:05.283
The quality of life
that this brings

00:14:06.242 --> 00:14:08.533
is as rich as, you know,

00:14:08.533 --> 00:14:11.283
any dollar figure that
you could possibly need.

00:14:14.283 --> 00:14:19.658
It is a very uneasy feeling
to think that one toxic spill,

00:14:19.658 --> 00:14:21.533
and it would definitely not be

00:14:21.533 --> 00:14:23.450
the same river that it is today.

00:14:25.742 --> 00:14:29.367
The risk outweighs
any possible reward,

00:14:29.367 --> 00:14:31.908
and I don't think that gambling

00:14:31.908 --> 00:14:34.867
with our quality
of life is worth it.

00:14:34.867 --> 00:14:37.992
[brooding music]

00:14:37.992 --> 00:14:41.492
[Bonnie] One of the big impacts
from gold mining operations

00:14:41.492 --> 00:14:43.200
are acid mine drainage.

00:14:44.942 --> 00:14:46.942
And this is what it looks like.

00:14:46.942 --> 00:14:51.025
This is acid mine drainage, um,
that I collected downstream

00:14:51.025 --> 00:14:54.358
from the Zortman-Landusky
Gold Mine here in Montana.

00:14:56.067 --> 00:14:58.733
The sulfuric acid
is like battery acid,

00:14:58.733 --> 00:15:02.900
so it's toxic to fish and other
aquatic life downstream.

00:15:06.108 --> 00:15:08.192
[Shaun] You've got
the environmental opposition,

00:15:08.192 --> 00:15:10.400
which won't allow you to build
anything near anybody.

00:15:11.608 --> 00:15:13.567
They absolute try to protect
everything under the sun.

00:15:15.692 --> 00:15:19.025
Yet, for your camera,
your sound, everything here,

00:15:19.025 --> 00:15:21.317
it's all metal, everything,
everybody needs metal,

00:15:21.942 --> 00:15:23.233
so where are you
going to get it from?

00:15:25.692 --> 00:15:26.983
[woman] Let me get
this out of the way.

00:15:26.983 --> 00:15:28.983
[people chattering]

00:15:31.400 --> 00:15:33.817
[woman laughing]

00:15:39.858 --> 00:15:42.442
It would help the local economy.

00:15:42.442 --> 00:15:44.317
Young people
can't afford to live here.

00:15:44.317 --> 00:15:46.567
But there's opportunity, too,

00:15:46.567 --> 00:15:49.358
for young people to
make good money here,

00:15:49.358 --> 00:15:51.733
with some imagination,
and a work ethic.

00:15:51.733 --> 00:15:56.608
There's an interesting difference
between a product that is gold,

00:15:56.608 --> 00:15:58.358
and an experience.

00:15:58.358 --> 00:16:00.942
And what we make
a living off of here

00:16:00.942 --> 00:16:03.442
is the experience
of this landscape,

00:16:03.442 --> 00:16:05.275
and the value of the beauty.

00:16:05.275 --> 00:16:09.483
It's much harder
to compare to my ring.

00:16:09.483 --> 00:16:11.900
Somehow this is more
valuable than an experience,

00:16:11.900 --> 00:16:13.733
when actually it's the opposite.

00:16:15.067 --> 00:16:18.858
[man] The risk is big, so if
you're going to do mining,

00:16:18.858 --> 00:16:21.608
then make sure you've
got a long-term way

00:16:21.608 --> 00:16:25.025
to pay back the loss
if there was a disaster.

00:16:25.025 --> 00:16:26.358
Just start there.

00:16:26.358 --> 00:16:28.900
[brooding music]

00:16:33.067 --> 00:16:37.025
[Bonnie] Most gold these days
are low-grade deposits,

00:16:37.025 --> 00:16:39.775
where there's a small
percent of gold

00:16:39.775 --> 00:16:42.358
interspersed in
a large volume of rock.

00:16:45.692 --> 00:16:48.650
20 tons of mine waste
are generated

00:16:48.650 --> 00:16:51.817
in order to produce
just one small ring.

00:16:54.483 --> 00:16:58.067
The most common method of mining
gold is cyanide leaching.

00:16:59.150 --> 00:17:01.942
They're using a cyanide
solution to extract the gold.

00:17:08.067 --> 00:17:11.525
Inevitably we see at so many
sites around the country

00:17:11.525 --> 00:17:15.525
where the company leaves, the
company files for bankruptcy,

00:17:15.525 --> 00:17:19.400
and we're left with these
very toxic sites forever.

00:17:23.233 --> 00:17:26.400
[Shaun] Gold has always had a
huge benefit, but also a fear,

00:17:26.400 --> 00:17:28.442
because of
the magic word, cyanide,

00:17:28.442 --> 00:17:30.817
big tailings ponds,
and these type of things.

00:17:31.942 --> 00:17:33.983
We come here regularly to talk,

00:17:33.983 --> 00:17:37.067
to update the city council,
show them what we're doing.

00:17:37.067 --> 00:17:39.358
We've got environmentalists,
we've got public relations,

00:17:39.358 --> 00:17:41.525
we've got government relations,

00:17:41.525 --> 00:17:43.275
and so it has very
little impact.

00:17:43.275 --> 00:17:45.317
[truck engines revving]

00:17:47.775 --> 00:17:52.942
[Bonnie] I reviewed the track record
of 27 operating gold mines,

00:17:53.525 --> 00:17:58.358
responsible for roughly
93% of US gold production,

00:17:58.358 --> 00:18:02.358
and we found that
100% of these mines

00:18:02.358 --> 00:18:06.067
had experienced spills
of hazardous materials.

00:18:06.067 --> 00:18:08.358
[tranquil music]

00:18:08.358 --> 00:18:11.400
Mining technology is
generating a larger and larger

00:18:11.400 --> 00:18:14.108
volume amount of mine waste
that has to be stored

00:18:14.108 --> 00:18:17.108
behind taller
and taller tailings dams,

00:18:17.108 --> 00:18:19.358
and that's just
a recipe for disaster.

00:18:23.983 --> 00:18:27.108
The most recent example
is in British Columbia,

00:18:27.108 --> 00:18:28.983
just over the border
from where I am.

00:18:44.525 --> 00:18:45.983
[mud gurgling]

00:18:48.275 --> 00:18:50.900
[newsreader] It may be the
worst environmental disaster

00:18:50.900 --> 00:18:52.983
in British Columbia's history.

00:18:53.733 --> 00:18:56.983
10 million cubic
meters of wastewater,

00:18:56.983 --> 00:18:59.233
containing dangerous chemicals,

00:18:59.233 --> 00:19:01.150
poured into local waterways,

00:19:01.150 --> 00:19:05.067
when the earthen dam surrounding
a tailings pond collapsed.

00:19:10.067 --> 00:19:12.567
[Roger] The lake was just full.

00:19:12.567 --> 00:19:16.608
You couldn't see anything
but wood, big piles of wood.

00:19:18.275 --> 00:19:20.983
Some of it was,
like, 20 feet high.

00:19:23.442 --> 00:19:24.858
Man...

00:19:25.817 --> 00:19:28.025
it was just,
you just didn't know...

00:19:30.192 --> 00:19:31.233
Yeah, there was no words.

00:19:33.817 --> 00:19:39.650
[Jacinda] When the disaster happened, communities
all around responded like it was a death.

00:19:42.692 --> 00:19:44.900
People were crying,
and people were grieving,

00:19:44.900 --> 00:19:49.858
because they knew that having
all of what was in that mine,

00:19:50.900 --> 00:19:53.650
all of that pollution,
rush down into the water,

00:19:54.733 --> 00:19:57.317
and to pollute the entire
Fraser Watershed.

00:19:57.317 --> 00:20:00.067
[dramatic music]

00:20:17.317 --> 00:20:20.025
[Fred] We knew we only
had days to fish.

00:20:22.233 --> 00:20:24.567
We had fishermen
from my community

00:20:24.567 --> 00:20:27.108
go down and fish the Fraser,

00:20:27.108 --> 00:20:29.608
and they fished it hard
for at least two days,

00:20:29.608 --> 00:20:31.067
because they were worried about

00:20:31.067 --> 00:20:32.525
the tailings
affecting the salmon.

00:20:33.983 --> 00:20:37.733
And being a salmon people,
that was devastating.

00:20:41.650 --> 00:20:43.817
[man] We have First Nations
that live all along

00:20:43.817 --> 00:20:45.858
-the Fraser River down to the ocean...
-Right, and that's--

00:20:45.858 --> 00:20:47.650
...that are depending
on that salmon,

00:20:47.650 --> 00:20:49.608
which we just put our nets
in the river yesterday.

00:20:49.608 --> 00:20:52.650
If we have that impact,
then we are responsible.

00:20:52.650 --> 00:20:55.317
[woman] Is there any issue
with us collecting around?

00:20:55.317 --> 00:20:57.067
[helicopter blades whirring]
[tranquil music]

00:21:05.192 --> 00:21:08.442
[David] The Mount Polley dam was
designed as center-line dam.

00:21:09.358 --> 00:21:12.358
And then what happened,
money got tight,

00:21:13.317 --> 00:21:16.567
and they decided that they were
going to build it much steeper.

00:21:17.817 --> 00:21:21.150
They'd had a lot of rain,
they had a lot of excess water.

00:21:21.150 --> 00:21:25.108
They were trying to manage it by
storing it in their tailings pond,

00:21:25.108 --> 00:21:27.067
and then treating it,
and discharging it,

00:21:27.067 --> 00:21:29.192
and they were waiting
for a discharge permit.

00:21:29.192 --> 00:21:32.025
So that damn was just as full
as it was allowed to be.

00:21:33.400 --> 00:21:36.567
What they didn't know was that
under a portion of the dam

00:21:36.567 --> 00:21:38.067
was an old glacial lake.

00:21:39.858 --> 00:21:44.608
And that glacial lake basically
behaves like a banana peel,

00:21:44.608 --> 00:21:49.192
and that piece of dam just
gave way, just slipped right out.

00:21:49.192 --> 00:21:52.192
[ominous music]

00:21:52.192 --> 00:21:54.442
[man] Will you tell me how much
your insurance coverage is,

00:21:54.442 --> 00:21:56.358
and do you have
the money if it costs

00:21:56.358 --> 00:21:58.400
half a billion dollars
to clean it up?

00:21:58.400 --> 00:21:59.942
We don't have 400
million dollars in the bank,

00:21:59.942 --> 00:22:02.650
so we'll have to
make that to do it.

00:22:08.442 --> 00:22:09.692
[Dimitri] I became involved
in environmental

00:22:09.692 --> 00:22:11.025
and human rights class actions,

00:22:11.025 --> 00:22:12.650
against a range of companies,

00:22:12.650 --> 00:22:14.442
many of which were from
the mining sector.

00:22:14.442 --> 00:22:16.400
We have the largest team
of class action lawyers

00:22:16.400 --> 00:22:17.233
in the country.

00:22:18.317 --> 00:22:19.817
Politicians at all
levels of government

00:22:19.817 --> 00:22:21.567
seem to be quite
comfortable with the fact

00:22:21.567 --> 00:22:23.317
that this industry is

00:22:23.317 --> 00:22:25.733
the dominant force
in Canada's economy,

00:22:25.733 --> 00:22:28.317
and one upon which we've become
extraordinarily dependent.

00:22:29.317 --> 00:22:31.775
This is Brookfield Place,
this is where Barrick Gold,

00:22:31.775 --> 00:22:34.442
the largest gold-mining company
in the world, is headquartered.

00:22:34.442 --> 00:22:38.317
This is where the major law firms that
service the mining industry are situated.

00:22:38.317 --> 00:22:41.233
Over here you have the Royal
Bank of Canada's headquarters,

00:22:41.233 --> 00:22:43.817
which is the largest
bank in Canada.

00:22:43.817 --> 00:22:45.317
And just a little bit
further up Bay Street,

00:22:45.317 --> 00:22:47.025
we have the Toronto
Stock Exchange,

00:22:47.025 --> 00:22:49.192
the largest mining
stock exchange in the world.

00:22:53.483 --> 00:22:56.525
[Dimitri] 50% of the world's mining
companies are based in Canada,

00:22:57.567 --> 00:23:00.358
and as a result of its importance
to the Canadian economy,

00:23:00.358 --> 00:23:02.525
it's acquired a very
considerable influence

00:23:02.525 --> 00:23:03.858
over the political process.

00:23:05.400 --> 00:23:08.150
One of the wealthiest
Canadians, Murray Edwards,

00:23:08.150 --> 00:23:10.650
is a major shareholder
of Imperial Metals.

00:23:12.858 --> 00:23:15.108
Murray Edwards had a
very close relationship

00:23:15.108 --> 00:23:17.525
with the former BC premier,
Christy Clark.

00:23:17.525 --> 00:23:19.775
We say yes to the men
and women who work here.

00:23:21.108 --> 00:23:25.025
[Dimitri] In the 2012 provincial
election, Mr. Edwards organized

00:23:25.025 --> 00:23:28.233
a one million dollar
fundraiser for Ms. Clark,

00:23:28.233 --> 00:23:30.942
and at the end of the day she
actually squeaked out a victory,

00:23:30.942 --> 00:23:32.608
and her policies towards
the mining sector

00:23:32.608 --> 00:23:34.817
have been extraordinarily
favorable.

00:23:34.817 --> 00:23:37.567
[Murray] If you can't get
the resource out of the ground,

00:23:37.567 --> 00:23:40.025
you are going to imperil the
future of our entire province.

00:23:42.525 --> 00:23:44.108
[Dimitri] No meaningful
penalty was imposed

00:23:44.108 --> 00:23:45.983
upon Imperial Metals.

00:23:45.983 --> 00:23:49.108
And it's difficult not to conclude

00:23:49.108 --> 00:23:54.108
that part of the reason for
that is because the government

00:23:54.108 --> 00:23:56.650
was favorably inclined towards
Mr. Edwards and his company

00:23:56.650 --> 00:23:59.317
because of the financial
support he'd given to them.

00:24:14.400 --> 00:24:16.442
[Phil] We decided
to focus primarily

00:24:17.025 --> 00:24:19.067
on looking at the
quality of the sediment

00:24:19.067 --> 00:24:21.483
and the material that got
delivered into the lake,

00:24:22.317 --> 00:24:24.817
and to try and start
to understand

00:24:24.817 --> 00:24:26.192
the effect on the ecosystem.

00:24:30.483 --> 00:24:32.192
[Ellen] The community
really appreciates the fact

00:24:32.192 --> 00:24:33.483
that we're doing
independent research,

00:24:33.483 --> 00:24:34.692
and we're not paid by the mine.

00:24:36.025 --> 00:24:38.150
So, our allegiance is
with the community.

00:24:43.150 --> 00:24:47.358
The sediment gets ingested by
filter-feeding invertebrates, zooplankton.

00:24:48.275 --> 00:24:49.817
And then those zooplankton

00:24:49.817 --> 00:24:51.942
are the fish food
that gets eaten.

00:24:54.567 --> 00:24:57.483
[Phil] Not surprisingly,
the sediment is contaminated.

00:24:58.400 --> 00:25:02.525
Copper, arsenic,
selenium, vanadium,

00:25:02.525 --> 00:25:04.358
there's some mercury as well.

00:25:09.983 --> 00:25:11.400
It still looks beautiful.

00:25:11.400 --> 00:25:12.858
Visually it's no different,

00:25:12.858 --> 00:25:14.900
but there's that cloud
hanging over it,

00:25:14.900 --> 00:25:17.483
as well as the cloud
within the water,

00:25:17.483 --> 00:25:19.317
of the fact that
it's an environment

00:25:19.317 --> 00:25:21.817
that's been heavily disturbed,
and even contaminated.

00:25:25.775 --> 00:25:28.733
[Jacinda] There are more
unanswered questions regarding
the salmon in the water,

00:25:29.733 --> 00:25:32.900
because we're in year three
of a four-year salmon cycle,

00:25:32.900 --> 00:25:35.192
so next year will be really
telling, and the year after.

00:25:36.567 --> 00:25:40.650
[chanting]

00:25:44.858 --> 00:25:47.108
[Jacinda] It's really important
that we get it right with Mount Polley

00:25:47.108 --> 00:25:49.358
and that there's some
justice brought,

00:25:49.358 --> 00:25:52.150
because this is setting
really dangerous precedents,

00:25:52.150 --> 00:25:55.108
in British Columbia,
in Canada, around the world.

00:25:55.108 --> 00:25:57.108
[ominous music]

00:26:04.858 --> 00:26:07.233
[David] People actually die
in these tailings dam failures.

00:26:10.608 --> 00:26:12.150
There's nobody that knows

00:26:12.150 --> 00:26:13.983
how many of these
failures there are.

00:26:15.775 --> 00:26:17.150
The reason they get covered up

00:26:17.150 --> 00:26:19.150
is because it's an embarrassment

00:26:19.150 --> 00:26:21.608
to the company that
has been operating it,

00:26:21.608 --> 00:26:24.400
and it's embarrassing
to the regulatory agency

00:26:24.400 --> 00:26:27.483
that supposedly had
responsibility for that.

00:26:27.483 --> 00:26:29.525
[people chanting]

00:26:33.150 --> 00:26:36.150
[Jacinda] The first thing that comes to mind
when I hear the word gold is, like, dirty gold.

00:26:37.233 --> 00:26:40.067
It's death, it's violence,
it's colonization.

00:26:42.608 --> 00:26:44.733
I think of all of
the indigenous peoples

00:26:44.733 --> 00:26:47.150
of North and South America,
and around the world.

00:26:47.150 --> 00:26:49.525
People from all over
who have suffered.

00:26:49.525 --> 00:26:52.942
For them to be so rich, there are
so many who have to be so poor.

00:26:52.942 --> 00:26:54.858
That's what I think of
when I see gold.

00:26:54.858 --> 00:26:56.400
[brooding music]

00:28:03.442 --> 00:28:07.275
[Ann] Gold is seen as
a symbol of wealth,

00:28:07.275 --> 00:28:09.025
and symbol of prosperity.

00:28:10.192 --> 00:28:13.067
It's been valued for
thousands of years.

00:28:16.025 --> 00:28:18.067
Chinese people worry

00:28:18.067 --> 00:28:20.942
about what's going to
happen in the future.

00:28:20.942 --> 00:28:23.900
They purchase gold as
a hedge against, you know,

00:28:23.900 --> 00:28:27.983
what might happen in China,
in case there is, uh,

00:28:27.983 --> 00:28:31.025
you know, some kind of
trade war with the US,

00:28:31.025 --> 00:28:33.233
or some other financial
crisis that comes up.

00:28:34.233 --> 00:28:38.483
People feel that gold will be
seen as something valuable,

00:28:38.483 --> 00:28:41.400
regardless of what
the situation may be.

00:28:41.400 --> 00:28:43.317
[dramatic music]

00:29:04.817 --> 00:29:06.442
[brooding music]

00:29:16.275 --> 00:29:17.567
[elevator rattling]

00:30:21.025 --> 00:30:23.067
[drill rattling]

00:31:35.525 --> 00:31:37.608
[tranquil music]

00:31:59.608 --> 00:32:01.483
[Shanta] It's effectively
like sand,

00:32:01.483 --> 00:32:04.525
and those particles
can scar the lungs.

00:32:04.525 --> 00:32:07.775
So, you could be in there
for extremely long hours,

00:32:07.775 --> 00:32:12.817
you know, all day, each day, in circumstances
where you don't have proper masks,

00:32:12.817 --> 00:32:16.192
you don't have proper
respiratory protection,

00:32:16.192 --> 00:32:18.150
and you don't have
proper ventilation.

00:32:18.817 --> 00:32:21.775
Once it arises,
silicosis is incurable.

00:32:40.400 --> 00:32:42.067
[explosions booming]

00:32:45.775 --> 00:32:47.608
[fire crackling]

00:34:13.942 --> 00:34:15.900
[brooding music]

00:34:46.025 --> 00:34:49.400
[Shanta] Unfortunately, time and
time again, what I've seen personally,

00:34:49.400 --> 00:34:53.233
is that mining companies
will do the least they can,

00:34:53.233 --> 00:34:56.442
for the least amount of cost,
if they can get away with it.

00:35:00.483 --> 00:35:03.442
It's a multi-billion-dollar industry,

00:35:03.442 --> 00:35:07.025
and yet the pay that these
guys were getting was tiny,

00:35:07.025 --> 00:35:09.442
and they were left with
a lifelong disease.

00:35:13.567 --> 00:35:15.400
[man coughing]

00:36:05.192 --> 00:36:06.942
[Shanta] If you're
an affected individual,

00:36:06.942 --> 00:36:08.483
and you're
an affected community,

00:36:08.483 --> 00:36:10.483
it is extremely difficult

00:36:10.483 --> 00:36:13.442
to basically get
your rights upheld.

00:36:13.442 --> 00:36:15.192
And one of the problems is,

00:36:15.192 --> 00:36:18.192
not only is the court
system inaccessible,

00:36:18.192 --> 00:36:20.775
but how on earth do you get
the evidence that you need

00:36:20.775 --> 00:36:23.442
to demonstrate that what you're
saying you're experiencing

00:36:23.442 --> 00:36:26.275
is actually the responsibility
of the mining company

00:36:26.275 --> 00:36:28.233
that you perceive
to be responsible?

00:36:29.900 --> 00:36:31.567
So, getting all of that,

00:36:31.567 --> 00:36:33.192
and bringing that
to a court of law,

00:36:33.192 --> 00:36:34.983
and actually getting
your rights upheld,

00:36:34.983 --> 00:36:36.275
is extremely rare.

00:36:59.150 --> 00:37:01.150
[tranquil music]

00:37:44.900 --> 00:37:47.400
[brooding music]

00:39:01.150 --> 00:39:03.317
[engine rattling]

00:39:40.150 --> 00:39:42.067
[brooding music]

00:40:56.650 --> 00:40:58.067
[engine rattling]

00:42:37.692 --> 00:42:39.942
[Michael] With
gold prices increasing,

00:42:39.942 --> 00:42:42.775
some of the South
American armed groups

00:42:42.775 --> 00:42:45.775
have very consciously
moved into gold

00:42:45.775 --> 00:42:47.233
as an alternative
source of funding

00:42:47.233 --> 00:42:49.358
from narcotics and drugs.

00:42:50.900 --> 00:42:53.817
In Colombia and Peru,
two of the countries that produce

00:42:53.817 --> 00:42:56.317
the most amount of
cocaine in the world,

00:42:56.317 --> 00:42:58.275
the value of the
illegal gold trade

00:42:58.275 --> 00:43:00.483
now exceeds the value
of that drugs trade.

00:43:46.400 --> 00:43:48.067
[explosion booming]

00:44:23.942 --> 00:44:28.650
[Kevin] A simple way to get some
of the gold is to use mercury.

00:44:34.442 --> 00:44:37.233
It's extremely toxic to life.

00:44:37.233 --> 00:44:41.317
It's the most powerful neurotoxin
on the planet, mercury.

00:44:41.317 --> 00:44:42.775
so there's a huge health problem

00:44:42.775 --> 00:44:44.525
immediately
to the practitioners,

00:44:45.692 --> 00:44:47.400
a local, severe health problem

00:44:47.400 --> 00:44:48.983
also to the community
around them,

00:44:48.983 --> 00:44:51.525
because it all becomes
contaminated with mercury.

00:44:51.525 --> 00:44:53.400
[brooding music]

00:45:02.733 --> 00:45:04.233
[furnace roaring]

00:45:04.233 --> 00:45:05.775
[Kevin] It's a gas
when you evaporate it,

00:45:05.775 --> 00:45:07.983
so it goes all the way
around the world.

00:45:07.983 --> 00:45:09.858
It's a global pollutant,

00:45:09.858 --> 00:45:12.525
and it lands in the oceans,
and contaminates fish,

00:45:12.525 --> 00:45:14.858
and all of us
are ultimately exposed

00:45:14.858 --> 00:45:17.275
to higher level of
mercury intake,

00:45:19.025 --> 00:45:21.067
especially if you happen to,
you know, like sushi,

00:45:21.067 --> 00:45:24.483
and you eat a lot of top-level
predators from the ocean.

00:46:38.483 --> 00:46:41.567
[woman] I was thinking of something
with an engraved band on it.

00:46:41.567 --> 00:46:44.567
I've seen that around, and I thought
that was really pretty, and kind of special.

00:46:44.567 --> 00:46:47.608
So, our main kind of solitaire
is called a Love Note,

00:46:47.608 --> 00:46:52.650
and we've just finished a really nice
engraving on it, in rose gold, so--

00:46:52.650 --> 00:46:55.692
[interviewer] Do you know anything
about the way gold is produced

00:46:55.692 --> 00:46:57.775
in their usual conditions?

00:46:59.308 --> 00:47:03.683
Um, only the usual things that
you kind of read in the news,

00:47:03.683 --> 00:47:07.058
and the horrible labor standards,
that do exist in some places,

00:47:07.058 --> 00:47:10.183
but I haven't really dug very
deeply into it, have you?

00:47:10.183 --> 00:47:13.600
No, blimey. I guess part of it
is that we have to find,

00:47:13.600 --> 00:47:15.850
you have to find somebody that
knows about these things, right?

00:47:16.475 --> 00:47:17.892
-Wow.
-Wow.

00:47:17.892 --> 00:47:20.433
[man] We've seen
several different jewelers,

00:47:20.433 --> 00:47:23.267
and we immediately
ask about the origin,

00:47:23.267 --> 00:47:25.142
and what they can
tell us about the gold,

00:47:25.142 --> 00:47:26.933
'cause we know very little,
and we need somebody that,

00:47:26.933 --> 00:47:28.683
you know, we can trust to
tell us something about it.

00:47:30.392 --> 00:47:32.517
[Alan] More and more,
as the younger generation,

00:47:32.517 --> 00:47:34.433
the millennials that
are coming up now,

00:47:34.433 --> 00:47:36.308
these people want to know,

00:47:36.308 --> 00:47:38.058
especially buying wedding rings
and engagement rings.

00:47:39.225 --> 00:47:41.267
They really care,
and want to know

00:47:41.267 --> 00:47:43.475
where the gold comes
from in their ring.

00:47:43.475 --> 00:47:45.642
[interviewer] Do you know
the term, "conflict gold?"

00:47:45.642 --> 00:47:47.433
-Conflict diamonds--
-Conflict diamonds resonates more.

00:47:47.433 --> 00:47:49.100
Probably similar, you know,

00:47:49.100 --> 00:47:52.142
the idea that these
minerals are being mined

00:47:52.142 --> 00:47:54.600
to fund terrorist activities,

00:47:54.600 --> 00:47:56.767
or civil wars,
and stuff like that.

00:47:56.767 --> 00:47:59.058
Presumably it applies
to gold as well.

00:47:59.642 --> 00:48:02.058
I think we definitely don't want
to be part of the conflict gold by,

00:48:02.058 --> 00:48:04.600
you know, funding it or
contributing to it in any way.

00:48:04.600 --> 00:48:06.600
[people yelling]
[whistle blowing]

00:48:25.892 --> 00:48:27.767
[missile roaring]

00:48:34.683 --> 00:48:36.142
[gunshots]

00:48:57.975 --> 00:48:59.725
[Michael] If you ever visit
an artisanal gold mine,

00:48:59.725 --> 00:49:02.183
the first thing you realize
is that gold mining

00:49:02.183 --> 00:49:06.017
is incredibly dangerous,
and incredibly hard work.

00:49:13.642 --> 00:49:16.225
Armed groups themselves
don't want any part of it.

00:49:18.558 --> 00:49:20.475
They use their weapons
and their force

00:49:20.475 --> 00:49:24.183
to illegally tax those miners,
or to extort them,

00:49:24.183 --> 00:49:27.183
or simply to steal from them
at regular intervals,

00:49:27.183 --> 00:49:30.975
using gold as a means of
sustaining their operations,

00:49:30.975 --> 00:49:33.058
buying weapons, paying troops,

00:49:33.058 --> 00:49:34.975
laundering their money,
et cetera.

00:49:44.033 --> 00:49:46.033
[Alan] And when I moved into
the jewelry sector,

00:49:46.033 --> 00:49:48.658
I discovered actually, there
was no supply chain management.

00:49:48.658 --> 00:49:52.283
No one where anything
came from, and to me,

00:49:52.700 --> 00:49:56.408
that is a lack of ethics,
it's a lack of integrity,

00:49:56.408 --> 00:49:58.742
and the consumer doesn't know
what they're actually buying.

00:49:58.742 --> 00:50:00.908
[tranquil music]

00:50:05.742 --> 00:50:08.158
[gold sizzling]

00:50:09.033 --> 00:50:12.325
Pure in the gold sense, undoubtedly
the gold is pure gold,

00:50:12.325 --> 00:50:14.033
but we don't know if its history

00:50:14.033 --> 00:50:15.992
is as pure as the gold content.

00:50:17.075 --> 00:50:19.325
Very large quantities of
gold get mixed together

00:50:19.325 --> 00:50:22.200
in a way that then becomes
very difficult to understand

00:50:22.200 --> 00:50:24.450
where the gold came from,
who sold it to you.

00:50:26.200 --> 00:50:29.408
Gold, unlike drugs,
or other illicit commodities,

00:50:29.408 --> 00:50:33.783
is not inherently illegal. It's perfectly
legal to sell gold on international markets.

00:50:33.783 --> 00:50:36.075
All you need to do
is find a weak link

00:50:36.075 --> 00:50:37.950
in the international
supply chain,

00:50:37.950 --> 00:50:39.908
where you can slip
your quantity of gold

00:50:39.908 --> 00:50:41.533
into the trade flows,

00:50:41.533 --> 00:50:43.158
without anyone asking
too many questions,

00:50:43.158 --> 00:50:45.325
or looking too hard at
where it came from.

00:50:46.425 --> 00:50:49.517
[dramatic music]

00:51:05.492 --> 00:51:09.617
[Amjad] Around 2012, when the
new guidelines were being issued,

00:51:09.617 --> 00:51:13.825
to stop the trade in what's
called conflict minerals,

00:51:13.825 --> 00:51:16.617
different countries
introduced, uh,

00:51:16.617 --> 00:51:18.992
new third-party audit schemes,

00:51:20.075 --> 00:51:24.325
so that's when things actually
started to come to me.

00:51:26.033 --> 00:51:28.575
At the time there were
three refineries in Dubai.

00:51:29.617 --> 00:51:33.158
Kaloti has about 50%
of the market share.

00:51:42.408 --> 00:51:44.033
25 years ago,

00:51:44.033 --> 00:51:47.367
we start the business
between me and my uncle.

00:51:48.158 --> 00:51:51.533
We are importing the gold
from Suriname, for example,

00:51:52.158 --> 00:51:54.533
and Miami,
they are exporting to us.

00:51:55.658 --> 00:51:57.742
[tranquil music]

00:52:12.117 --> 00:52:14.992
[Amjad] You're starting,
it's like a green field,

00:52:14.992 --> 00:52:16.908
you don't know what
you're going to see.

00:52:18.575 --> 00:52:22.825
The team started going
to visit the refineries,

00:52:22.825 --> 00:52:27.283
and talking to them, and checking there
what they have and what they don't have.

00:52:29.025 --> 00:52:32.025
[Monzer] We receive the gold,
we confirm the purity with the customer.

00:52:32.025 --> 00:52:34.650
If he confirm,
then we give for refinery.

00:52:35.858 --> 00:52:38.775
Slowly I'm starting
hearing from the team

00:52:38.775 --> 00:52:40.983
that things
don't look very pretty.

00:52:40.983 --> 00:52:42.442
[flame hissing]

00:52:43.525 --> 00:52:46.817
I'm not talking about somebody
coming to sell an ounce of gold.

00:52:47.608 --> 00:52:49.483
We're talking about
people selling kilos

00:52:50.275 --> 00:52:54.942
in the excess of 5.2
billion US dollars

00:52:55.858 --> 00:52:59.942
were used in one year
as cash payments.

00:53:00.775 --> 00:53:06.192
So, that represents about
maybe over 40% of Kaloti's business.

00:53:17.817 --> 00:53:20.483
One of the easy ways to hide

00:53:20.483 --> 00:53:23.733
the origin of
something suspicious,

00:53:23.733 --> 00:53:28.067
is you use cash, because
you cut the traceability.

00:53:28.067 --> 00:53:30.817
It doesn't go through
the banking system,

00:53:30.817 --> 00:53:32.525
so, money laundering 101.

00:53:33.942 --> 00:53:36.525
This is the place where
we receive the shipments.

00:53:36.525 --> 00:53:38.275
They're coming
from the airports.

00:53:38.275 --> 00:53:42.817
This is from Africa coming,
this is from Europe.

00:53:42.817 --> 00:53:44.692
[brooding music]

00:53:44.692 --> 00:53:47.650
[Amjad] The process itself
lacks, really, any scrutiny.

00:53:49.233 --> 00:53:52.650
If you are a gold smuggler,
and bringing it to Dubai,

00:53:52.650 --> 00:53:55.317
customs officials
will ask you to show

00:53:55.317 --> 00:53:57.150
the last boarding pass.

00:53:57.150 --> 00:54:01.358
And even if your gold was
coming, let's say, from DRC,

00:54:01.358 --> 00:54:04.525
going to Paris, and then
from Paris to Dubai,

00:54:04.525 --> 00:54:08.442
they will look at the last
boarding pass of the last trip,

00:54:08.442 --> 00:54:11.733
and register that as
the country of origin.

00:54:26.458 --> 00:54:28.500
We realized that
some of these names,

00:54:28.500 --> 00:54:31.875
they're actually
suppliers of Kaloti.

00:54:33.083 --> 00:54:35.333
One of those suppliers done

00:54:35.333 --> 00:54:40.417
more than 400 million US
dollars in cash with Kaloti,

00:54:40.417 --> 00:54:44.000
that was linked
to those smugglers

00:54:44.708 --> 00:54:47.333
uh, that are trading
with the DRC.

00:56:29.292 --> 00:56:32.917
[Amjad] Kaloti was not doing
proper due diligence,

00:56:32.917 --> 00:56:35.875
and committed
serious violations,

00:56:35.875 --> 00:56:38.042
that in many cases
were systematic.

00:56:41.750 --> 00:56:46.500
We had obligations to report
and disclose the findings,

00:56:46.500 --> 00:56:51.250
and EY just decided that
they don't want to disclose,

00:56:51.250 --> 00:56:53.500
period, to anybody.

00:56:53.500 --> 00:56:56.750
They wanted to protect the
reputation of the refiners,

00:56:56.750 --> 00:57:00.083
as well as the reputation
of the gold trade in Dubai.

00:57:01.292 --> 00:57:03.708
They watered down
certain findings.

00:57:04.667 --> 00:57:06.458
So everything we identified--

00:57:07.833 --> 00:57:10.167
serious violations,
shocking violations--

00:57:11.208 --> 00:57:13.042
never seen the light of the day.

00:57:14.475 --> 00:57:18.183
They wanted me to take part
in that, and I refused.

00:57:19.017 --> 00:57:20.933
I refused to sign their reports,

00:57:20.933 --> 00:57:24.767
and I refused
to cooperate, uh...

00:57:24.767 --> 00:57:28.558
with them in hiding,
uh, those findings.

00:57:28.558 --> 00:57:31.308
[brooding music]

00:58:02.017 --> 00:58:05.100
[Amjad] Becoming a whistleblower,
you just overnight find yourself

00:58:05.100 --> 00:58:09.017
being labeled as a troublemaker,
or you're blacklisted.

00:58:10.100 --> 00:58:13.892
[interviewer] Have you been back
to Dubai since your going public?

00:58:14.767 --> 00:58:17.267
Absolutely not,
I'm not-- [sighs]

00:58:17.267 --> 00:58:20.267
It's a risky place for me,
let's put it this way.

00:58:21.308 --> 00:58:23.683
It wouldn't be safe
for me to go back to Dubai.

00:58:29.642 --> 00:58:31.308
[metal clanking]

00:58:33.267 --> 00:58:34.767
[Michael] I think
recent history has shown

00:58:34.767 --> 00:58:36.600
we can't just rely
on regulators,

00:58:36.600 --> 00:58:38.850
we can't just rely on auditors
and industry schemes.

00:58:40.017 --> 00:58:42.600
What we're seeing in
jurisdictions like Dubai is that

00:58:42.600 --> 00:58:45.225
these laws just aren't being
enforced rigorously enough,

00:58:45.225 --> 00:58:47.558
and there just isn't enough
political will, really,

00:58:47.558 --> 00:58:49.308
to bring about that change.

00:59:05.283 --> 00:59:07.867
[Robin] When I reflect
on my early career,

00:59:07.867 --> 00:59:12.367
I can't say for sure that
I wasn't complicit in somebody

00:59:12.367 --> 00:59:15.658
being exploited at some
point in the supply chain,

00:59:15.658 --> 00:59:17.992
because that's a very murky,

00:59:17.992 --> 00:59:19.575
and remains a very
murky supply chain.

00:59:20.825 --> 00:59:22.783
I co-founded Fair Trade
Jewellery Company

00:59:22.783 --> 00:59:24.742
with the idea of
producing a product

00:59:24.742 --> 00:59:27.742
where we could tell people
where everything came from.

00:59:28.992 --> 00:59:31.950
I think we've done,
in a very short amount of time,

00:59:31.950 --> 00:59:33.992
something that no one else
has done in the past,

00:59:33.992 --> 00:59:36.658
especially out of
a place like DRC.

00:59:46.700 --> 00:59:50.075
We're working with
the Canadian NGO, IMPACT,

00:59:50.075 --> 00:59:52.783
and we have a great
exporter, Fair Congo.

00:59:54.450 --> 00:59:58.283
[speaking Swahili]

01:00:08.992 --> 01:00:13.617
[singing in Swahili]

01:00:32.867 --> 01:00:34.408
[speaking Swahili]

01:01:24.867 --> 01:01:27.242
[speaking Swahili]

01:02:03.408 --> 01:02:05.783
[Robin] In each step of the way
there's at least one document,

01:02:06.533 --> 01:02:07.783
and sometimes more than one.

01:02:11.075 --> 01:02:14.283
We know what miner,
based on their miner ID,

01:02:14.283 --> 01:02:17.992
we know the pit, and what
they produced each day.

01:02:22.200 --> 01:02:25.367
And I could see
the dark marks, the bars
are about the same size,

01:02:25.367 --> 01:02:28.242
and that the backs of them,
that weren't so shiny, look the same.

01:02:30.200 --> 01:02:33.533
There are much easier
ways to get gold.

01:02:33.533 --> 01:02:35.200
I could buy gold from
the Canadian Mint.

01:02:35.200 --> 01:02:36.908
It would be less expensive,

01:02:36.908 --> 01:02:38.783
but it wouldn't
solve any problems.

01:02:40.117 --> 01:02:43.325
By purchasing it legally,
and exporting it legally,

01:02:43.325 --> 01:02:45.033
you're actually having
a spin-off effect

01:02:45.033 --> 01:02:47.492
in terms of decreasing
the level of conflict,

01:02:47.492 --> 01:02:50.533
by not having as much black
money around to buy arms.

01:03:18.033 --> 01:03:19.825
[tranquil music]

01:03:21.983 --> 01:03:26.900
[Kevin] In a poor community, let's say
they're making a dollar a day, or $2 a day,

01:03:26.900 --> 01:03:29.942
one of their targets for
improvement on poverty

01:03:29.942 --> 01:03:33.983
is to get that group
of people up to $5 a day.

01:03:33.983 --> 01:03:35.317
Just $5 a day.

01:03:36.400 --> 01:03:39.067
Well, the good news is then,
I've never visited

01:03:39.067 --> 01:03:41.775
an artisanal gold mining
camp in the world

01:03:41.775 --> 01:03:44.192
where people aren't
making at least $5 a day.

01:03:48.692 --> 01:03:51.858
I founded the Artisanal Gold
Council to build a vehicle

01:03:51.858 --> 01:03:53.775
that's easily trusted by miners.

01:04:02.358 --> 01:04:04.900
You don't need to use
mercury to mine gold.

01:04:06.900 --> 01:04:10.192
There's methods to completely
avoid the use of mercury,

01:04:10.192 --> 01:04:12.983
and increase the amount
of gold that's recovered.

01:04:19.275 --> 01:04:20.650
You know, it's not
about making a law

01:04:20.650 --> 01:04:22.317
that says you can't use mercury,

01:04:22.317 --> 01:04:24.233
it's about engaging with
the mining communities,

01:04:24.233 --> 01:04:27.983
and helping them to
employ better practices,

01:04:27.983 --> 01:04:29.733
increasing their safety,

01:04:29.733 --> 01:04:32.733
even helping them manage
the wealth that's generated.

01:04:45.733 --> 01:04:48.317
The artisanal mining
sector is injecting wealth

01:04:48.317 --> 01:04:50.733
into parts of the world
that really need it,

01:04:50.733 --> 01:04:53.817
so we're starting to see
different types of stakeholders

01:04:53.817 --> 01:04:57.108
view the sector not as
a problem, but as a solution.

01:04:58.733 --> 01:05:00.858
Gold can deliver wealth
right in the middle

01:05:00.858 --> 01:05:02.775
of a remote rural community.

01:05:04.025 --> 01:05:06.067
It's a good engine,
it's a good seed.

01:05:06.067 --> 01:05:08.108
[tranquil music]

01:05:23.275 --> 01:05:26.567
[Corrado] The industry has
seemingly always been enabled,

01:05:26.567 --> 01:05:28.317
first by new science,

01:05:28.317 --> 01:05:30.942
and then effecting new
process with that science.

01:05:47.775 --> 01:05:51.108
[Corrado] There's over 700 miles
of underground tunnels

01:05:51.108 --> 01:05:53.442
right beneath us
where we're driving now.

01:05:54.900 --> 01:05:56.733
It was literally considered

01:05:56.733 --> 01:05:58.692
one of the richest
places on Earth.

01:06:00.400 --> 01:06:03.442
It's hard to imagine
the old-timers could extract

01:06:03.442 --> 01:06:06.692
over eight million ounces
of gold with picks and shovels.

01:06:07.817 --> 01:06:10.108
The wealth that was created,

01:06:10.108 --> 01:06:12.525
the technologies that
were developed here,

01:06:12.525 --> 01:06:13.983
were used all over the world.

01:06:13.983 --> 01:06:15.942
[tranquil music]

01:06:37.775 --> 01:06:40.817
[Corrado] Cyanide processing
is over 120 years old.

01:06:42.400 --> 01:06:46.900
What we need is a breakthrough
where it is clearly faster,

01:06:46.900 --> 01:06:49.442
it is clearly safer,

01:06:49.442 --> 01:06:52.525
it is clearly more
efficient and cheaper.

01:06:52.525 --> 01:06:54.775
Then the industry will
have to respond to it.

01:06:54.775 --> 01:06:57.275
-[audience applauding]
-[trumpet fanfare music]

01:07:06.225 --> 01:07:09.725
[Fraser] What this process involves
is what we call bromination,

01:07:09.725 --> 01:07:13.850
followed by the very
elegant isolation process,

01:07:13.850 --> 01:07:15.475
that is very, very
selective for gold.

01:07:28.767 --> 01:07:32.267
It is maybe 50 times faster
than the cyanide process,

01:07:32.267 --> 01:07:35.683
and then you add onto that
the fact that it is not toxic.

01:07:37.350 --> 01:07:40.933
[Corrado] What I really am excited
about is that the science works.

01:07:41.683 --> 01:07:44.433
We're not really
at an inventing-it stage.

01:07:44.433 --> 01:07:48.600
Sir Fraser has done that, right?
We're at a process improvement.

01:07:48.600 --> 01:07:53.267
In process improvement, the obstacles
there are much, much smaller to get over.

01:08:00.850 --> 01:08:02.808
There you are,
gold in all its glory.

01:08:02.808 --> 01:08:03.933
Wonderful, wonderful.

01:08:13.767 --> 01:08:16.683
[Roger] So, there's round about
three million tons of ore here.

01:08:16.683 --> 01:08:20.767
We'll put a whole network of,
like, crawly pipes on the top,

01:08:20.767 --> 01:08:22.725
and then we'll use our
new leaching agent

01:08:22.725 --> 01:08:25.433
to actually soak
through the heap,

01:08:25.433 --> 01:08:27.725
-and then we'll have all of that--
-Will we not infiltrate

01:08:27.725 --> 01:08:30.350
the heap with the pipes as well?

01:08:30.350 --> 01:08:32.142
-No, you just do it--
-Just over the top?

01:08:32.142 --> 01:08:33.683
-Just over the top.
-Oh, okay, right over the top.

01:08:33.683 --> 01:08:35.308
It filters down.
And then the pipe,

01:08:35.308 --> 01:08:37.183
as you see, a pipe over there,

01:08:37.183 --> 01:08:40.017
-that's when the golden solution...
-Ah, yeah, yeah.

01:08:40.017 --> 01:08:41.642
-...will come down...
-Will come racing down there,

01:08:41.642 --> 01:08:43.558
-into the pond.
-...into the pond,

01:08:43.558 --> 01:08:45.767
and we'll collect it
in the pond there,

01:08:45.767 --> 01:08:47.308
and then we'll take
that material...

01:08:47.308 --> 01:08:48.683
[Fraser] It would be
my dream come true

01:08:48.683 --> 01:08:50.267
if it were to be adopted

01:08:50.267 --> 01:08:51.933
across the planet.

01:08:51.933 --> 01:08:53.892
That will give me
enormous satisfaction

01:08:53.892 --> 01:08:57.183
that I've contributed
something to society,

01:08:57.183 --> 01:08:59.392
and to the environment,
on a global scale.

01:08:59.392 --> 01:09:01.225
[tranquil music]

01:09:04.183 --> 01:09:08.017
[Fraser] We are looking at an industry that
has been in place for more than a century,

01:09:08.017 --> 01:09:11.392
and in the hardcore
parts of that industry,

01:09:11.392 --> 01:09:14.892
there's going to be
resistance, as always.

01:09:14.892 --> 01:09:16.308
You know,
"We've always used cyanide,

01:09:16.308 --> 01:09:18.392
and we'll continue
to use cyanide,"

01:09:18.392 --> 01:09:21.017
and they feel they're
comfortable using it,

01:09:21.017 --> 01:09:24.017
and they don't want to know
about something that's new.

01:09:25.100 --> 01:09:27.683
[ominous music]

01:09:46.725 --> 01:09:49.058
[man] It's got an eerie feeling
to the place still, doesn't it?

01:09:54.642 --> 01:09:56.725
This is what's at
the bottom of the lakehead.

01:09:58.767 --> 01:09:59.808
So, that's the stuff.

01:10:01.600 --> 01:10:04.433
[Roger] I don't think that
stuff decomposes, does it?

01:10:04.433 --> 01:10:07.225
-No, that's there forever.
-[man] That's there forever.

01:10:15.933 --> 01:10:18.725
Yeah, this is... pretty grim.

01:10:21.142 --> 01:10:22.933
That's supposed to be drinkable.

01:10:22.933 --> 01:10:25.558
Most people, as far as I know,
are using bottled water.

01:10:29.550 --> 01:10:32.425
[Jacinda] A lot of people
don't trust what's going on.

01:10:34.008 --> 01:10:36.133
They don't trust
what the mine says,

01:10:36.133 --> 01:10:38.425
that the water's fine, the fish
is fine, everything's fine,

01:10:38.425 --> 01:10:39.883
like there's no problem.

01:10:42.550 --> 01:10:44.633
[soil clattering]

01:10:44.633 --> 01:10:47.258
[brooding music]

01:11:09.258 --> 01:11:11.092
[Jacinda] The mine
has faced no charges.

01:11:12.133 --> 01:11:14.342
They're basically
just getting away

01:11:14.342 --> 01:11:17.342
with the largest environmental
disaster in Canadian history.

01:11:20.383 --> 01:11:22.675
[Dimitri] It's shocking that
that company hasn't had to pay

01:11:22.675 --> 01:11:24.050
a very substantial penalty.

01:11:25.258 --> 01:11:28.467
It's shaping up to be another example
of how the general public

01:11:28.467 --> 01:11:30.925
is made to bear the cost
of these activities,

01:11:30.925 --> 01:11:33.967
whilst the executives
appropriate the profits.

01:11:47.217 --> 01:11:48.883
[Jacinda] Those practices
have to change.

01:11:49.717 --> 01:11:51.800
We have to have a higher
valuation on water

01:11:51.800 --> 01:11:53.258
than we do on gold.

01:12:02.842 --> 01:12:05.133
[Shaun] At Emigrant there's
no plans to do any mining,

01:12:05.133 --> 01:12:06.675
'cause we haven't
found anything yet.

01:12:07.925 --> 01:12:11.092
We're probably at least
ten years from that decision.

01:12:11.092 --> 01:12:12.092
It depends on what we hit.

01:12:13.717 --> 01:12:16.175
And so, if there is no mine,
then there's no worries.

01:12:17.050 --> 01:12:20.592
Let's find out, because
until we find out for sure,

01:12:20.592 --> 01:12:22.342
people are going to keep coming,

01:12:22.342 --> 01:12:23.925
'cause that's the lure of gold.

01:12:36.250 --> 01:12:38.875
[Bryan] Clean water, clean air,
beautiful mountains.

01:12:40.583 --> 01:12:43.458
This is a wonderful
recreational area,

01:12:43.458 --> 01:12:45.042
and I hope it stays that way.

01:12:53.167 --> 01:12:54.583
[Bryan] What is that, huh?

01:12:54.583 --> 01:12:55.542
Good boys.

01:12:58.042 --> 01:13:00.333
[Bryan] Why would
you destroy an economy

01:13:00.333 --> 01:13:03.708
for something that's
historically short-lived?

01:13:03.708 --> 01:13:08.375
A boom-and-bust industry,
that has a horrible reputation.

01:13:09.292 --> 01:13:10.375
And they've earned it.

01:13:12.000 --> 01:13:14.125
[tranquil music]

01:13:14.125 --> 01:13:16.292
We went to Washington, DC,

01:13:16.292 --> 01:13:19.500
and we got to talk to
Representative Zinke,

01:13:20.417 --> 01:13:22.958
and Senator Daines,
and Senator Tester.

01:13:25.250 --> 01:13:28.250
[man] Yellowstone National Park
is the first national park,

01:13:28.250 --> 01:13:30.500
and it's sacred
to all Americans today.

01:13:30.500 --> 01:13:32.333
That's why I'm excited
to announce segregation

01:13:32.333 --> 01:13:34.500
of 30,000 acres of
Forest Service land.

01:13:34.500 --> 01:13:36.208
[audience cheering]

01:13:47.042 --> 01:13:49.042
I think it's been unprecedented

01:13:49.042 --> 01:13:52.083
what the Yellowstone
Gateway Business Coalition

01:13:52.083 --> 01:13:54.458
has accomplished in two years.

01:15:31.042 --> 01:15:33.292
[brooding music]

01:15:42.833 --> 01:15:45.875
The extraction of gold is done
regardless of the impacts,

01:15:45.875 --> 01:15:47.625
and regardless of
the long-term consequences.

01:15:49.575 --> 01:15:53.908
[Amjad] We have a responsibility
to know, and the right to demand,

01:15:53.908 --> 01:15:57.367
that the gold
that we use is clean.

01:16:00.408 --> 01:16:02.325
[Shanta] And I think
the challenge really

01:16:02.325 --> 01:16:04.658
is to increase
the awareness of consumers

01:16:04.658 --> 01:16:06.283
so that they know that
there is a choice.

01:16:07.992 --> 01:16:10.950
[Alan] Our responsibility goes
back to the actual people,

01:16:10.950 --> 01:16:14.533
from whose land we are
taking the raw materials

01:16:14.533 --> 01:16:16.075
that produce our
beautiful products.